Relevant bibliographies by topics / Word class frequency

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Word class frequency'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Word class frequency"

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Jacobsen, Thomas, Pamela Bäß, Anja Roye, István Winkler, Erich Schröger, and János Horváth. "Word class and word frequency in the MMN looking glass." Brain and Language 218 (July 2021): 104964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104964.

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Segui, Juan, Uli H. Frauenfelder, Catherine Lainé, and Jacques Mehler. "The word frequency effect for open- and closed-class items." Cognitive Neuropsychology 4, no. 1 (February 1987): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643298708252033.

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Sims, Andrea D., and Jeff Parker. "How inflection class systems work: On the informativity of implicative structure." Word Structure 9, no. 2 (October 2016): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2016.0094.

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The complexity of an inflection class system can be defined as the average extent to which elements in the system inhibit motivated inferences about the realization of lexemes’ paradigm cells. Research shows that systems tend to exhibit relatively low complexity in this sense. However, relatively little work has explored how structural and distributional aspects of the inflectional system produce this outcome. In this paper we use the tools of information theory to do so. We explore a set of nine languages that have robust inflection class systems: Palantla Chinantec, French, Modern Greek, Icelandic, Kadiwéu, Nuer, Russian, Seri, and Võro. The data show that the extent to which implicative paradigmatic structure does work to minimize the complexity of the system differs significantly. In fact, the nine languages fall into three graph types based on their implicative structure. Moreover, low type frequency classes disproportionately contribute to the complexity of inflectional systems, but we hypothesize that their freedom to detract in this way may depend on the extent to which implicative structure is systemically important. We thus propose that the amount of ‘work’ done by implicative relations in structuring inflection classes should be considered a typological parameter.
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Besson, Mireille, Marta Kutas, and Cyma Van Petten. "An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Analysis of Semantic Congruity and Repetition Effects in Sentences." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 4, no. 2 (April 1992): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1992.4.2.132.

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In two experiments, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and cued-recall performance measures were used to examine the consequences of semantic congruity and repetition on the processing of words in sentences. A set of sentences, half of which ended with words that rendered them semantically incongruous, was repeated either once (eg, Experiment 1) or twice (e.g., Experiment 2). After each block of sentences, subjects were given all of the sentences and asked to recall the missing final words. Repetition benefited the recall of both congruous and incongruous endings and reduced the amplitude and shortened the duration of the N400 component of the ERP more for (1) incongruous than congruous words, (2) open class than closed class words, and (3) low-frequency than high-frequency open class words. For incongruous sentence terminations, repetition increased the amplitude of a broad positive component subsequent to the N400. Assuming additive factors logic and a traditional view of the lexicon, our N400 results indicate that in addition to their singular effects, semantic congruiry, repetition, and word frequency converge to influence a common stage of lexical processing. Within a parallel distributed processing framework, our results argue for substantial temporal and spatial overlap in the activation of codes subserving word recognition so as to yield the observed interactions of repetition with semantic congruity, lexical class, and word frequency effects.
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Peti-Stantić, Anita, Maja Anđel, Vedrana Gnjidić, Gordana Keresteš, Nikola Ljubešić, Irina Masnikosa, Mirjana Tonković, Jelena Tušek, Jana Willer-Gold, and Mateusz-Milan Stanojević. "The Croatian psycholinguistic database: Estimates for 6000 nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs." Behavior Research Methods 53, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 1799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01533-x.

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AbstractPsycholinguistic databases containing ratings of concreteness, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency are used in psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic studies which require words as stimuli. Linguistic characteristics (e.g. word length, corpus frequency) are frequently coded, but word class is seldom systematically treated, although there are indications of its significance for imageability and concreteness. This paper presents the Croatian Psycholinguistic Database (CPD; available at: 10.17234/megahr.2019.hpb), containing 6000 Croatian nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, rated for concreteness, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency. Moreover, we present computationally obtained extrapolations of concreteness and imageability to the remainder of the Croatian lexicon (available at: https://github.com/megahr/lexicon/blob/master/predictions/hr_c_i.predictions.txt). In the two studies presented here, we explore the significance of word class for concreteness and imageability in human and computationally obtained ratings. The observed correlations in the CPD indicate correspondences between psycholinguistic measures expected from the literature. Word classes exhibit differences in subjective frequency, age of acquisition, concreteness and imageability, with significant differences between nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. In the computational study which focused on concreteness and imageability, concreteness obtained higher correlations with human ratings than imageability, and the system underpredicted the concreteness of nouns, and overpredicted the concreteness of adjectives and adverbs. Overall, this suggests that word class contains schematic conceptual and distributional information. Schematic conceptual content seems to be more significant in human ratings of concreteness and less significant in computationally obtained ratings, where distributional information seems to play a more significant role. This suggests that word class differences should be theoretically explored.
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Rice, Keren. "Principles of affix ordering: An overview." Word Structure 4, no. 2 (October 2011): 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2011.0009.

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This article provides an introduction to factors that are involved in the ordering of affixes that are word-class preserving in languages with complex morphology. On the one hand, grammatical principles are proposed, including semantic, syntactic, phonological, and morphological ones. On the other hand, affix ordering is sometimes considered to be arbitrary from a synchronic perspective, with affixes occurring in an order specified by a template. Finally, extra-grammatical factors such as frequency, productivity, and parsability are argued to be important in determining affix ordering. I focus on synchronic grammatical principles in languages that have received less attention in the literature.
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Hansen, Pernille. "What makes a word easy to acquire? The effects of word class, frequency, imageability and phonological neighbourhood density on lexical development." First Language 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723716679956.

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This article analyses how a set of psycholinguistic factors may account for children’s lexical development. Age of acquisition is compared to a measure of lexical development based on vocabulary size rather than age, and robust regression models are used to assess the individual and joint effects of word class, frequency, imageability and phonological neighbourhood density on Norwegian children’s early lexical development. The Norwegian Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) norms were used to calculate each CDI word’s age of acquisition and vocabulary size of acquisition. Lexical properties were downloaded from the lexical database Norwegian Words, supplemented with data on frequency in adult and child-directed speech. Age of acquisition correlated highly with vocabulary size of acquisition, but the new measure was more evenly distributed and more sensitive to lexical effects. Frequency in child-directed speech was the most important predictor of lexical development, followed by imageability, which seems to account for the dominance of nominals over predicates in Norwegian.
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George, Marie St, Debra L. Mills, and Ursula Bellugi. "ERPs during auditory language comprehension in Williams syndrome: The effects of word frequency, imageability and length on word class." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91288-6.

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Perry, Scott J., Matthew C. Kelley, and Benjamin V. Tucker. "Word frequency, predictability, and lexical class influence different aspects of Spanish tonic vowel production." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 148, no. 4 (October 2020): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5146851.

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DeDe, Gayle. "Effects of Lexical Variables on Silent Reading Comprehension in Individuals With Aphasia: Evidence From Eye Tracking." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 9 (September 18, 2017): 2589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0045.

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Purpose Previous eye-tracking research has suggested that individuals with aphasia (IWA) do not assign syntactic structure on their first pass through a sentence during silent reading comprehension. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the time course with which lexical variables affect silent reading comprehension in IWA. Three lexical variables were investigated: word frequency, word class, and word length. Methods IWA and control participants without brain damage participated in the experiment. Participants read sentences while a camera tracked their eye movements. Results IWA showed effects of word class, word length, and word frequency that were similar to or greater than those observed in controls. Conclusions IWA showed sensitivity to lexical variables on the first pass through the sentence. The results are consistent with the view that IWA focus on lexical access on their first pass through a sentence and then work to build syntactic structure on subsequent passes. In addition, IWA showed very long rereading times and low skipping rates overall, which may contribute to some of the group differences in reading comprehension.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Word class frequency"

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Eklund, Robert. "A Probabilistic Tagging Module Based on Surface Pattern Matching." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute of Linguistics, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-135294.

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A problem with automatic tagging and lexical analysis is that it is never 100 % accurate. In order to arrive at better figures, one needs to study the character of what is left untagged by automatic taggers. In this paper untagged residue outputted by the automatic analyser SWETWOL (Karlsson 1992) at Helsinki is studied. SWETWOL assigns tags to words in Swedish texts mainly through dictionary lookup. The contents of the untagged residue files are described and discussed, and possible ways of solving different problems are proposed. One method of tagging residual output is proposed and implemented: the left-stripping method, through which untagged words are bereaved their left-most letters, searched in a dictionary, and if found, tagged according to the information found in the said dictionary. If the stripped word is not found in the dictionary, a match is searched in ending lexica containing statistical information about word classes associated with that particular word form (i.e., final letter cluster, be this a grammatical suffix or not), and the relative frequency of each word class. If a match is found, the word is given graduated tagging according to the statistical information in the ending lexicon. If a match is not found, the word is stripped of what is now its left-most letter and is recursively searched in a dictionary and ending lexica (in that order). The ending lexica employed in this paper are retrieved from a reversed version of Nusvensk Frekvensordbok (Allén 1970), and contain endings of between one and seven letters. The contents of the ending lexica are to a certain degree described and discussed. The programs working according to the principles described are run on files of untagged residual output. Appendices include, among other things, LISP source code, untagged and tagged files, the ending lexica containing one and two letter endings and excerpts from ending lexica containing three to seven letters.
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Wimnell, Rebecca, and Carin Ölmestig. "Finns inte på kartan : Att nå fram till ord som inte finns med på bliss standardkarta med hjälp av enbart bliss standardkarta." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56998.

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Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka vilka ordtyper som är lätta respektive svåraatt nå fram till med bliss standardkarta och vilka strategier som är mer respektive mindreeffektiva. Deltagarna, 24 kvinnliga studenter utan funktionshinder, delades upp i par. Den enai paret fick i uppgift att förklara 12 målord, som inte finns med på bliss standardkarta, enbartgenom att använda bliss standardkarta. Den andra i paret fick i uppgift att gissa vilkamålorden var. Eftersom tidigare studier indikerat att ordklass, frekvensnivå ochabstraktionsnivå kan påverka ords svårighetsgrad, valdes målorden i föreliggande studieutifrån dessa variabler. Resultatet visade att målordens ordklass inte påverkade derassvårighetsgrad. Målordens frekvensnivå påverkade svårighetsgraden i viss utsträckning.Abstraktionsnivå var den variabel som påverkade svårighetsgraden mest. Eftersom deabstrakta och ovanliga målorden var svårast, kan det vara klokt att inkludera de ordtyperna påblisskartan. Några strategier som gynnade kommunikationen var när blissaren använde syntaxoch syntaktiskt prompting samt när gissaren gav blissaren tid att avsluta sina fraser. Dessastrategier kan vara lämpliga att rekommendera till blissanvändare och deras samtalspartners.


The aim of this study was to investigate which types of words that are easy and difficult toreach with Bliss Swedish standard chart and also which strategies that is more and lessefficient. The participants, 24 female students with no functional limitations, were grouped inpairs. One in each pair was given the task to explain 12 target words that is not present onBliss standard chart, by using only Bliss standard chart. The other person in each pair wasgiven the task to guess which words that were asked for. Since former studies have indicatedthat word class, level of frequency and level of abstraction can affect words' degree ofdifficulty, the target words in this study were chosen based upon those factors. The resultsdemonstrated that the word class of the target words did not affect their degree of difficulty.The frequency of the target words affected their degree of difficulty in some ways. The levelof abstraction of the target words was the factor that affected the degree of difficulty the most.Since the abstract and infrequent target words were most difficult, it may be a good idea toinclude those types of words on the Bliss chart. Some of the strategies that were beneficial forcommunication were the blisser’s use of syntax and syntactic prompting. Another strategy thatwas beneficial for the communication was giving the blisser enough time to finish herphrases. It may be appropriate to recommend those strategies to Bliss users and theircommunication partners.

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Books on the topic "Word class frequency"

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Sullivan, Love Janine, and Ajluni Cheryl J, eds. RF front-end: World class designs. Amsterdam: Newnes/Elsevier, 2009.

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Moodie, Deonnie. Resisting Middle-Class Modernizing Projects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190885267.003.0005.

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Middle-class modernizers frame their projects at Kālīghāṭ as being in the best interests of the Hindu public in Kolkata. However, so many who frequently worship at the temple or who live and work on temple grounds do not share the desire to transform the temple so that it represents Indian modernity. Lower-class men and women are successful in resisting modernizing projects because they employ tactics that make state control difficult or impossible. These include protests, the formation of political organizations, as well as obstinacy and deception. This chapter demonstrates that while middle-class actors may use the tools of civil society to gain state support for their projects, they are not guaranteed success. Even informal and non-legal tools of what Partha Chatterjee calls “political society” are effective in blocking the enactment of modernizing projects.
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Pollack, Harriet, ed. New Essays on Eudora Welty, Class, and Race. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496826145.001.0001.

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Responding to work begun in the 2013 collection Eudora Welty, Whiteness, and Race that mined and deciphered the complexity of her responses to the Jim Crow South, the thirteen diverse voices of New Essays on Eudora Welty, Class, and Race deepen, reflect on, and respond to those seminal discussions. These essays freshly consider such topics as Welty’s treatment of African-American signifying in her short stories, and her attention to public street performances interacting with Jim Crow rules in her unpublished photographs. They consider her strategic adaptations of Gothic plots, black pastoral, civil war stories, haunted houses, and film noir. They frame Welty’s work with such subjects as Bob Dylan’s songwriting, the idea and history of the orphan in American, and standup comedy. They compare her handling of whiteness and race to that of other contemporary authors such as William Faulkner, Richard Wright, Toni Morrison, Chester Himes, and Alice Walker. Additionally, several discussions bring her master-work The Golden Apples and her novel Losing Battles, under-represented in the earlier conversation, into new focus. The collection as a whole will help us to understand more clearly Welty’s artistic commentary on her time and place as well as the way her vision developed in a timespan moving America towards increased social awareness. Moreover, as a group, these essays provide insight into Welty as an innovative craftswoman and modernist technician, successfully altering literary form with her frequent pointed makeovers of familiar story patterns, plots, and genres. Together they show her as a remarkable writer idiosyncratically engaging and confidently altering literary history.
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Gamberini, Andrea. The Clash of Legitimacies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824312.001.0001.

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This book aims to make an innovative contribution to the history of the state-building process in late medieval Lombardy (thirteenth–fifteenth centuries), by illuminating the myriad conflicts attending the legitimacy of power and authority at different levels of society. Through the analysis of the rhetorical forms and linguistic repertoires deployed by the many protagonists (not just the prince, but also cities, communities, peasants, and factions) to express their own ideals of shared political life, the work proposes to reveal the depth of the conflicts in which opposing political actors were not only inspired by competing material interests—as in the traditional interpretation to be found in previous historiography—but were often also guided by differing concepts of authority. From this comes a largely new image of the late medieval–early Renaissance state, one without a monopoly of force—as has been shown in many studies since the 1970s—and one that did not even have the monopoly of legitimacy. The limitations of attempts by governors to present the political principles that inspired their acts as shared and universally recognized are revealed by a historical analysis firmly intent on investigating the existence, in particular territorial or social ambits, of other political cultures which based obedience to authority on different, and frequently original, ideals.
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Struthers, David M. The World in a City. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.001.0001.

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This book examines interracial labor and radical organizing in Los Angeles, California, and the United States/Mexico borderlands between 1900 and 1930. Domestic and transnational migration to Los Angeles—including from Europe, Asia, and Mexico—created one of the most racially diverse regions in the United States. Uneven regional economic development drove continued labor mobility for many working-class residents. The book documents a thread of working-class culture in which interracial solidarities formed to oppose capitalism, racism, and often the state itself. These solidarities flourished most frequently among workers with the most precarious employment and living situations, fueled by the ideals advanced in anarchism, socialist internationalism, the syndicalism of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM). This book uses the anarchist notion of affinity to frame its understanding of interracial organizing as the mobility of workers often made coalitions and solidarities short lived. Affinity frames the individual cooperative actions that shaped the social practices of resistance often too unstructured or episodic for historians to capture. This approach maintains focus on the continuity of organizing practices while tracing changing solidarities, associations, and organizations that formed and dissolved through struggle, repression, and factionalism. The radical practices that germinated in and near Los Angeles produced some of the broadest examples of interracial cooperation in U.S. history.
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Seddon, Mohammad Siddique. Abdullah Quilliam. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190688349.003.0002.

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This chapter explores the religious and political influences that shaped Abdullah Quilliam’s Muslim missionary activities, philanthropic work and scholarly writings in an attempt to shed light on his particular political convictions as manifest through his unique religiopolitical endeavors. It focuses especially on Quilliam’s Methodist upbringing in Liverpool and his support of the working classes. It argues that Quilliam’s religious and political activism, although primarily inspired by his conversion to Islam, was also shaped and influenced by the then newly emerging proletariat, revolutionary socialism. Quilliam’s continued commitment to the burgeoning working-class trades union movement, both as a leading member representative and legal advisor, coupled with his reputation as the "poor man’s lawyer" because of his frequent fee-free representations for the impoverished, demonstrates his empathetic proximity to working-class struggles.
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Russell, Paul. Moral Sense and the Foundations of Responsibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627607.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses an important class of new compatibilist theories of agency and responsibility, frequently referred to as reactive attitude theories. Such theories have their roots in another seminal essay of modern free will debates, P. F. Strawson’s “Freedom and Resentment” (1962). This chapter disentangles three strands of Strawson’s argument—rationalist, naturalist, and pragmatic. It also considers other recent reactive attitude views that have attempted to remedy flaws in Strawson’s view, focusing particularly on the view of R. Jay Wallace. Wallace supplies an account of moral capacity, which is missing in Strawson’s view, in terms of an account of what Wallace calls “reflective self-control.” The chapter concludes with suggestions of how a reactive attitude approach to moral responsibility that builds on the work of Strawson, Wallace, and others might be successfully developed.
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Nussbaum, Felicity. ‘Mungo Here, Mungo There’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812425.003.0002.

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This chapter provides a definitive account of one of Dibdin’s best-known works, The Padlock, which has long been recognized as an important landmark in the representation of black characters in eighteenth-century theatre. The Padlock is most frequently associated with the librettist Isaac Bickerstaff, but this chapter redirects attention to the interaction of Bickerstaff’s words with Dibdin’s music, and to Dibdin’s celebrated performances as Mungo in one of the first comic plays to feature a major character in blackface on the British stage. Placing Mungo in the context of Dibdin’s numerous depictions of racial others (both Black and Oriental), the author argues that Dibdin’s racial performances reflect tensions surrounding slavery, social class, and imperial expansion, but remain stubbornly equivocal about these tensions as they turn captivity, servitude, and chattel slavery into the subject of comedy.
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Bingham, Adam. Autumn Afternoons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190254971.003.0011.

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This chapter explores the intertextual place and presence of Ozu Yasujiro in the 2004 comedy drama Dogs and Cats by the first-time female director Iguchi Nami. It considers how Ozu as well as the genre, the shomingeki (middle-class home drama) has frequently figured as a marker or signpost of a particular era of cinema, a sociopolitical juncture and/or an attitude to gender in Japan. Taking this intertextuality as a point of departure, the chapter explores how such a presence animates meaning in Iguchi’s film; it analyzes style and structure as a means of elucidating how this young filmmaker distinguishes both herself and the world of her characters through implicit comparison with Ozu. Moreover, it examines how its narrative—about two young women living together under fractious conditions—contributes to discourse on Japanese models of feminisuto filmmaking, the country’s specific sociocultural model of feminism.
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Sanchez, Gabriella E. Portrait of a Human Smuggler. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814887.003.0003.

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The hypervisibility of contemporary migration flows has generated significant interest in human smugglers, and reports of their activities are ubiquitous. Smugglers as facilitators of irregular migration are most often characterized as young and violent men from the Global South organized in criminal networks who are responsible for the tragic journeys of migrants around the world. Yet despite their frequent appearance in dramatic migration accounts, smugglers have hardly been the subject of empirical inquiry, which has led to the prevalence of male-centred, racialized, and classist characterizations of their activities. This chapter, drawing from structured interviews and participant observation conducted among twelve women charged with human smuggling offences and twenty-five women who travelled with smuggling facilitators in the US states of Arizona and Utah, situates the narratives of smuggling and its intersections with race, class, and gender in the facilitation of border crossings along the US–Mexico border.
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Book chapters on the topic "Word class frequency"

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Phillips, Betty S. "Lexical Diffusion and Word Class." In Word Frequency and Lexical Diffusion, 96–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230286610_4.

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Oakley, Ann. "Social Class and Domesticity." In The Sociology of Housework, 57–73. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346166.003.0004.

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This chapter traces the patterns of domesticity in the present sample of housewives. These findings are tied in with assertions about social class differences in domesticity which abound in much of the literature dealing with women's place in the family. As the study indicates, there is no social class difference in the frequency with which housewives are satisfied or dissatisfied with their work. The predominant feeling is one of dissatisfaction — twenty-eight of the forty women come out as dissatisfied. If education is taken instead of social class, there is still no difference between groups of women: equal proportions of those educated to sixteen and beyond are satisfied and dissatisfied with housework.
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Johnson, Alice. "Introduction." In Middle-Class Life in Victorian Belfast, 1–17. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620313.003.0001.

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Born in 1843 into a prosperous middle-class family, Thomas Workman was the seventh child of fifteen. His father and uncle ran a muslin manufacturing business. When he was ten years old, Thomas moved with his family from their three-storey mid-terrace in the town centre to a newly built villa in the suburbs. As a young man he entered the family business and soon afterwards he married his wife, Margaret Hill. After a successful few years running his branch of the business, Thomas and Margaret moved with their children to a large country house located ten miles from the city. From here Thomas took the train to work. An upstanding member of the community, Thomas was a magistrate, a governor of the Presbyterian Orphan Society and a Sunday school teacher. Just as both his father and brother had done, he founded a local Presbyterian church. He frequently travelled abroad for work, but still found time to pursue his passions of yachting and natural history. President of the local Natural History Society, Thomas Workman discovered two new species of spiders while on his travels and he published a book, ...
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Balay, Anne. "Rolling: Draggin’ Ass." In Semi Queer, 143–60. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469647098.003.0009.

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Truckers take pride in surviving the challenges and exhaustion of trucking work. The job and its culture are dangerous and risky, with rape a frequent occurrence and loneliness a given. Persisting through this is a source of working-class identity.
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Struthers, David M. "Economic Development, Immigration, and the “Labors of Expropriation”." In The World in a City, 17–34. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.003.0002.

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This chapter examines the economic development and population growth of Los Angeles in relation to the city’s position in the surrounding region. Los Angeles’s urban industrial sectors developed more slowly than the regional capitalist agricultural industry. Seasonal demands for agricultural labor in addition to rural and urban infrastructure work such as laying train tracks, gas pipes, and electric lines enforced frequent migration to find new work for the region’s working-class. This chapter also quantifies and examines community formation in Los Angeles with emphasis on African Americans, Chinese, Italians, Japanese, and Mexicans.
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Bischof, Christopher. "Seeing Britain and the World." In Teaching Britain, 134–58. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833352.003.0006.

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Chapter six, ‘Seeing Britain and the World’ explores the remarkably widespread practice of travelling to the far corners of Britain, its empire, and the wider world during the summer holiday. Teachers tended to go alone or with just a couple friends and preferred to venture ‘off the beaten path’. When they got back, they wrote up short accounts of their trips for their training college alumni magazines. Teachers drew on bourgeois and elite conventions, but ultimately forged their own culture of travel and social and cultural observation. They put a premium on intimate knowledge about the everyday life of the peoples among whom they travelled and frequently confronted their own assumptions about important concepts like class and state welfare, race and the nature of imperial rule. Most of all, a sense of urgency pervaded teachers’ travel narratives. Engaging with the wider world was an ethical imperative and a key facet of teachers’ personal and professional identity.
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Karver, Marc S., Alessandro S. De Nadai, Maureen Monahan, and Stephen R. Shirk. "Alliance in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy." In Psychotherapy Relationships that Work, 79–116. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190843953.003.0003.

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In youth treatment, the alliance has been defined and measured as a consensual or collaborative bond. This chapter reviews varied definitions of the alliance, enumerates its frequent measures, and presents clinical examples. The authors provide a meta-analytic review on the relation between the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in child and adolescent psychotherapy. The meta-analysis of 43 studies revealed a weighted random effect size of r = .20, which is a small to medium effect consistent with the adult alliance literature and with prior youth meta-analyses. Multiple moderators of the alliance–outcome association were found, including diagnosis class, study design, and outcome rater. Research limitations, patient contributions, and diversity considerations follow. The chapter concludes with research-informed practices for building and maintaining the therapeutic alliance with youth.
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Dobrinescu, Anca Mihaela. "Education for a Culturally Hybrid World." In Violence Prevention and Safety Promotion in Higher Education Settings, 195–208. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2960-6.ch011.

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In an international context of increased heterogeneity, education such as that offered by higher education institutions is very unlikely to help manage the cultural clash and prevent violence. If academic curricula exclusively aim at developing professional competences, the students' adaptation to societies characterized by frequent cultural commingling and encounter is almost impossible to happen. In the absence of intercultural competence, the conflict between cultures is imminent. In this chapter, we attempt to show that through teaching literature, contemporary fiction in particular, by using the reading grid provided by intercultural communication, it is possible to offer students the knowledge, skills and attitudes that would make them more competent intercultural communicators, willing to acknowledge difference and value diversity.
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Spinney, Robert G. "Glamorous and Grim." In City of Big Shoulders, 248–72. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501749599.003.0013.

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This chapter talks about the best-selling author and native Chicagoan Scott Turow, who wrote “The Capital of Real Life” that characterized his hometown in Chicago in 1991. It analyzes Turow's admission that Chicago was not a sparkling, world-class city, but rather an unassuming home for average working-class people. The chapter describes the Chicago of 1991 as America's foremost second-class city that could not compete with the glamour, jive, and winning of first-class New York City and Los Angeles. It highlights how Chicago became a key player in the increasingly global economy after 25 years, frequently serving as the conduit between Chicago-based U.S. corporations and partners in Europe and Asia. It also mentions the new international stature that led to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) that convened a summit in Chicago in 2012, the first U.S. city to ever host the international meeting other than Washington, D.C.
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Levine, Philippa. "4. The inequalities of eugenics." In Eugenics: A Very Short introduction, 72–96. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199385904.003.0004.

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The goal of eugenic fitness was intended, at its most utopian, to improve lives, to help eradicate disease and disability, and to foster productivity. In practice, however, eugenics mostly reinforced rather than dissolved existing class prejudices. ‘The inequalities of eugenics’ shows that it was frequently the poor, ill-educated, and minorities whose reproductive capacity and lifestyle came under attack, and it was women’s sexuality rather than men’s that was closely policed. The disparity between falling birthrates in the developed world and rising rates elsewhere also created racial inequalities in eugenic policies. Reproductive fitness was being undermined as those considered unfit outbred their superiors. Class, gender, and race differences were thus all central eugenic concerns.
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Conference papers on the topic "Word class frequency"

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Yang, Zhaojun, Vikram Ramanarayanan, Dani Byrd, and Shrikanth Narayanan. "The effect of word frequency and lexical class on articulatory-acoustic coupling." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA: ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-171.

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Kim, Sumin, and YoungSoon Kim. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE RESEARCH TENDENCY OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS IN SOUTH KOREA." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end066.

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This study aimed to examine a research tendency through Master's and Doctoral dissertation in South Korea related to school counselors. In this study, school counselors were used in terms that included full-time and contractual counselors. School counselors are teachers who specialize in understanding students' daily psychological counseling, problem behavior and maladaptive counseling and establishing a prevention support system of fundamental reason of problem behavior for students. This is because their tasks required in school are similar. They were deployed to unit schools after Wee Project implemented in 2007 to ensure that students and all students experiencing poor learning and school maladaptation for having a happy school life. This study aimed to lay the foundation for improving and developing policies for improving the welfare and professionalism of school counselors, focusing on the subject of the degree thesis related to school counselors. This study conducted an exploratory study based on the year of publication and topics of the dissertation based on key words extracted from the data. The dissertations were published from 2010 to 2021 and were collected through Riss, a domestic database website in South Korea. This study focused on the frequency of emergence and Word Cloud which shows research tendency based on the year of publication analyzed by the frequency of emergency, title of the dissertation, and key words in abstract of the dissertation extracted from a file in MS Excel from the domestic database homepage. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, the role and awareness of professional counseling teachers and Wee classes are required. Second, research was conducted to develop the capabilities of school counselors teachers working in the Wee class.it will serve as a foundation for improving professionalism, leading to the protection of ethics as a counselor working in the Wee class and ensuring the rights and welfare of counselors. In order to improve counseling capabilities, supervision and a certain amount of counseling practice are required in the process of training school counselors.
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Stitzel, Joel, Stefan Duma, Brian Boggess, Cameron Bass, and Jeff Crandall. "Frequency Content Analysis and Filter Class Selection for the Small Female Instrumented Upper Extremity." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0806.

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Gorbova, E. V. "ASPECTUAL TRIPLETS OF THE RUSSIAN VERB IN DIACHRONY: EVIDENCE FROM THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL CORPUS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-321-347.

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The paper deals with the so-called aspectual triplets of the Russian verb. Based on the data from the Russian National Corpus, it proposes a diachronic method to study triplets as well as a two-component model of the Russian aspect as an alternative to the traditional word-based classification model. The first component of the model is a morphological mechanism of the imperfectivizing suffixation of prefixed verbs that is inflectional (ras-kry-t’PFV — ras-kryva-t’IPFV2 ‘disclose, reveal’), but has a limited scope of action (prefixed verbs only). The second component of the model is the actionality (lexical aspect) with a maximal scope. Related to the verb class as a whole, it is especially crucial for non-prefixed simplexes. Actionality enables the functioning and perfective / imperfective characterization of simplexes which do not fall under the inflectional grammatical aspect. The analysis of ten biimperfective triplets resulted in several observations and conclusions. One of them concerns the role of a ‘joker’, which all imperfective simplexes (IPFV1) have in the aspectual triplets as (quasi)synonyms for corresponding secondary imperfectives (IPFV2). A working hypothesis on the predominance of IPFV1 over PFV in every triplet, based on the broader polysemy of the former, has not been confirmed. However, the two-component model has explanatory power for the cases of reverse frequency (PFV over IPFV1) through its lexical aspect component. Another working hypothesis on a possible increase or a decrease in the number of secondary imperfectives in diachrony was partially confirmed — an increase was noted for the 20/21st century.
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Ehrich, Fredric F. "A New Class of Asynchronous Rotordynamic Response in High-Speed Rotors." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35912.

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Virtually all of the nonlinear rotordynamic phenomena studied in the past result in excitation of rotor response at a dominant frequency at or near the critical frequency at rotational speeds other than the critical speed. In experimental work on a “macro-rig” of a micro-rotor in development some years ago at the Gas Turbine Laboratory of MIT, an unforeseen array of asynchronous response frequencies at other than the critical were noted when the rotor was operated at both subcritical and supercritical speeds. However, those responses were not explored in detail at the time. The patterned responses were apparently related to subharmonic and ultra-subharmonic response, but at frequencies lower than the critical frequency. More recently, the author noted a similar pattern of rotordynamic response in the course of operation at subcritical of an experimental turbomachinery component which was experiencing a local rub between the rotor and stator of an interstage seal. Data from that incident revealed a pattern of asynchronous response that had a very similar appearance to the earlier observation. Using a simple numerical model of a rotor employing a single mass mounted on a massless shaft and a piecewise linear (that is, a bilinear) bearing support stiffness to represent the system, it was possible to replicate the response at individual representative points over a range of sub-, trans-, and supercritical high-speed rotor operation. A generalized expression was derived inductively to represent the individual data points. The resultant pattern of data replicated the patterns of data from the two test vehicles which originally inspired the investigation and suggested the means of their suppression where their presence might be undesirable.
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Lin, Jian, and Robert G. Parker. "Natural Frequency Spectra and Vibration Modes of Planetary Gears." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/ptg-5786.

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Abstract This work develops an analytical model of planetary gears and uses it to investigate their natural frequencies and vibration modes. The model admits three planar degrees of freedom for each of the sun, ring, carrier and planets. It includes key factors affecting planetary gear vibration such as gyroscopic effects, time-varying stiffness, and static transmission error excitation. For the linear time-invariant case, examination of the associated eigenvalue problem reveals the well-defined structure of the vibration modes, where the special structure results from the cyclic symmetry of planetary gears. Vibration modes are classified into rotational, translational and planet modes. The unique characteristics of each type of mode are analytically investigated in detail. For each class of mode, reduced-order eigenvalue problems are derived. The modal strain energy distributions are also discussed.
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Heyn, Hans-Martin, and Roger Skjetne. "A System for Measuring Ice-Induced Accelerations and Identifying Ice Actions on the CCGS Amundsen and a Swedish Atle-Class Icebreaker." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54738.

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When ships operate in the Arctic, sea-ice induce an additional environmental load on the vessel. The ice load can vary significantly depending on the dominating ice-breaking failure mode. In this work a sensor system for measuring ice induced accelerations on the Canadian icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and a Swedish Atle-class icebreaker is presented. The sensor system consists of low-cost inertial measurement units. Ship-ice interaction data has been collected during expeditions along the coast of Labrador in Canada and in the Greenland Sea north of the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago. Depending on the failure mechanism of the interacting ice, vibrations at different frequencies are induced into the icebreaker ship. A time-frequency decomposition based on the Wigner-Ville distribution has been modified such that it is applicable to analysis of ice-load induced acceleration signals. Based on the frequency pattern of the induced vibrations, this novel method allows for evaluation of the intensity of the ice-loads and identification of the dominating ice failure mechanism, which is demonstrated for several ship-ice interaction events. The presented novel time-frequency decomposition for ice induced accelerations is a powerful tool for the identification of the threat imposed by sea-ice to a structure. In further work the time-frequency decomposition will be used as feedback in ice-capable control and monitoring systems for Arctic offshore operations.
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Yen, Ta-Jen, Nicholas Fang, and Xiang Zhang. "Design and Microfabrication of Terahertz Magnetic Metamaterials." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41475.

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In this work, we introduce the simulation design and microfabrication of a class of magnetic metamaterials with critical dimension of 2–6 microns and lattice constant of 30–50 microns. These metamaterials will exhibit magnetic response at 0.5–2THz. To optimize the design variables, we conducted a series of Taguchi experiments and a quasi-linear relationship of resonant frequency is established upon each design parameter. We are currently characterizing the first generation of the fabricated magnetic metamaterials using Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy.
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Mandala, Mahender, Erin Cole, Christian Schunn, Mary Goldberg, and Jon Pearlman. "Comparison of Collective Team and Individual Student Peer Feedback on Design." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67800.

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Over the past decade, web-based peer reviews have been used to supplement instructor feedback on student work. Peer reviews scale well with class size, and have been shown to increase the frequency and quantity of feedback students receive. Recent work in the domain of design has shown that nearly half of the web-based peer reviews included praise and lacked suggestions for improvement of work. Inspired by the studio model of design critique, we examined the effect of collaborative team review generation on feedback characteristics in contrast to that generated by individual reviewers. In an exploratory study, students from a large sophomore-level engineering design class reviewed their peers’ design logbooks. Students in the team review group evaluated their peers’ work collectively and synchronously, generating a single review. Individual reviewers followed the current standard of reviewing work independently. A coding scheme was developed to analyze the feedback. We found that team reviews, when compared to individual reviews, supplied more ideas per review, more design suggestions to consider, and were more critical of their peers’ work. These trends indicate that team reviews can potentially improve the usefulness of feedback generated, and creates a basis for future exploration of this space.
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Cipolla, Jeffrey L., Ron Gerdes, and Ram Dravida. "Efficient Finite-Element Modeling With Equivalent-Fluid Porous Materials." In ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73070.

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The ubiquity of porous materials in engineering applications has driven a large body of work in the development of predictive and analytical models for their behavior, as well as the numerical implementation of these models. Here, the implementation of a specific class of models is described: materials for which an equivalent-fluid adequately captures the dynamic behavior. These materials include limiting cases where the solid matrix is either so stiff that it is relatively immobile, or so compliant that its motion has only a damping effect on the fluid motion. A wide class of automotive trim materials, acoustic insulation, fabrics, and aerospace materials fit this description. Several material models have been implemented recently in the commercial finite element code, Abaqus. These include the models of Craggs, Delany-Bazley, Miki, and the generalized model of Kang & Bolton. All of the models share an implementation using frequency-dependent material properties. In Abaqus, these properties are assigned to standard acoustic finite elements. Frequency-domain solution is significantly more efficient through the use of a distributed-memory parallel sparse solver, and through projection onto the space of real-valued modes. Results from the new implementation are compared to established benchmarks, and performance is discussed.
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