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Journal articles on the topic 'Word- Experimental Process'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ott, Ralf, Immo Curio, and O. Berndt Scholz. "Implicit Memory for Auditorily Presented Threatening Stimuli: A Process-Dissociation Approach." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 1 (2000): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.131.

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The investigation of unconscious cognition involves especially problems with the methodology of measuring implicit and explicit proportions of different task performances. In this study the process dissociation procedure of Jacoby and its modification within the multinomial modelling framework for an indirect word-nonword-discrimination task is applied to a sample of 45 healthy students. The paradigm includes acoustically presented stimuli. During a learning phase, subjects listened to a series of neutral and threatening words. Performance was tested by letting subjects decide whether a presen

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Voormann, Anne, Mikhail S. Spektor, and Karl Christoph Klauer. "The simultaneous recognition of multiple words: A process analysis." Memory & Cognition 49, no. 4 (2021): 787–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01082-w.

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AbstractIn everyday life, recognition decisions often have to be made for multiple objects simultaneously. In contrast, research on recognition memory has predominantly relied on single-item recognition paradigms. We present a first systematic investigation into the cognitive processes that differ between single-word and paired-word tests of recognition memory. In a single-word test, participants categorize previously presented words and new words as having been studied before (old) or not (new). In a paired-word test, however, the test words are randomly paired, and participants provide joint

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Wibowo, Sastya Hendri, Busono Soerowirdjo, Ernastuti, and Avinanta Tarigan. "Spelling Checker of Words in Rejang Language Using the N-Gram and Euclidean Distance Methods." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (2019): 5384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8607.

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Spelling mistakes of words in writing Rejang words are often found so it is difficult to understand. The method used in correcting word errors (spelling checkers) has been carried out by several researchers. In this research, words were improved in Rejang words based on the morphology of the Reajang language using the N-gram and Euclidean Distance methods. The process begins with forming the word practice with the N-gram method in cutting a number of words. In the testing process, the pre-process stages are carried out first and the training words are checked based on the existing dictionary.

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Tran, Phuoc Thanh, and Dien Dinh. "Surveying word boundary factor in Chinese - Vietnamese statistical machine translation." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 2 (2015): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1133.

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In isolating languages such as Chinese and Vietnamese, words are not separated by spaces, a word can include one or more spelling words. Segmenting word or not before training and translating process is a problem that need to be considered. In this paper, we will survey the effect of word boundary factor in the translation result of Chinese-Vietnamese statistical machine translation (SMT). The experimental result of this paper will be the basis for word segmentation improvement in future research which increase machine translation performance. We surveyed on two experiments: word segmentation

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Vasileanu, Monica, Anabella-Gloria Niculescu-Gorpin, and Cristina-Andreea Radu-Bejenaru. "Keep calm and carry on blending: Experimental insights into Romanian lexical blending." Word Structure 17, no. 1-2 (2024): 56–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2024.0236.

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Although lexical blending is considered a creative and unpredictable process, the literature shows that it tends to follow certain patterns ( Gries 2012 ; Beliaeva 2019 ), a tendency observed mainly in English. To check whether such generalisations and constraints are the same for Romanian or whether there are language-specific features affecting lexical blending, we created a hybrid-object image-based online experiment asking 110 Romanian native speakers, students at the University of Bucharest who rated themselves as advanced and intermediate users of English, to use only one word to name th

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Qomariyah, Siti Syafi'atul, and Bq Zuhrotun Nafisah. "Word Mapping in Students’ Vocabulary Mastery." Jo-ELT (Journal of English Language Teaching) Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa & Seni Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris IKIP 7, no. 1 (2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jo-elt.v7i1.2736.

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This research was aimed to find out the effect of word mapping strategy in students’ vocabulary mastery. The research was experimental research. The population was the second-grade students of SMP Islam Al-Azhar NW Kayangan which consisted of two classes (60 students). This research used total sampling technique to select the samples VIII.1 class (30 students) as the experimental group and VIII.2 class (30 students) as the control group. This research applied word mapping strategy at experimental group and word wall strategy at control group as treatment. In treatment process, the researchers

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Rios, Israel, Jr Alceu Britto, Alessandro Koerich, and Luis Eduardo Soares Oliveira. "An OCR Free Method for Word Spotting in Printed Documents: the Evaluation of Different Feature Sets." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 17, no. (1) (2011): 48–63. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-017-01-0048.

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An OCR free word spotting method is developed and evaluated under a strong experimental protocol. Different feature sets are evaluated under the same experimental conditions. In addition, a tuning process in the document segmentation step is proposed which provides a significant reduction in terms of processing time. For this purpose, a complete OCR-free method for word spotting in printed documents was implemented, and a document database containing document images and their corresponding ground truth text files was created. A strong experimental protocol based on 800 document images allows u

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Kennedy, Alan, Joël Pynte, and Stéphanie Ducrot. "Parafoveal-on-foveal interactions in word recognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, no. 4 (2002): 1307–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980244000071.

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An experiment is reported in which participants read sequences of five words, looking for items describing articles of clothing. The third and fourth words in critical sequences were defined as “foveal” and “parafoveal” words, respectively. The length and frequency of foveal words and the length, frequency, and initial-letter constraint of parafoveal words were manipulated. Gaze and refixation rate on the foveal word were measured as a function of properties of the parafoveal word. The results show that measured gaze on a given foveal word is systematically modulated by properties of an unfixa

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Groot, Peter. "Computer Ondersteunde Vreemde-Taalverwerving op de Hogere Niveaus." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 61 (January 1, 1999): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.61.10gro.

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The interactive self-study programme (called CAVOCA: Computer Assisted VOCabulary Acquisition) is based on generally accepted theories about the mental lexicon (cf. Aitchison's Words in the Mind) and the "levels of processing" theory first advanced by Craik and Lockhart. The programme constitutes a systematic attempt to operationalize the theoretical analysis of the word learning process that recognizes various stages in this same process: learning about the various features of the word, embedding it in various networks, consolidation etc. leading to efficient lexical retrieval. With this end

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Bergman, Marijke W., Patrick T. W. Hudson, and Paul A. T. M. Eling. "How Simple Complex Words Can Be: Morphological Processing and Word Representations." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 40, no. 1 (1988): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748808402282.

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In four lexical decision experiments we studied the effect of morphological complexity on word recognition. Some potentially relevant linguistic aspects of derived nouns were varied: the location of the affix (prefix vs. suffix); the genuineness of the affix (real vs. pseudo); the orthographic legality of pseudo-stems; semantic compositionality; the nature of the stem (free vs. bound); the origin of the complex word (Latinate vs. Germanic); the currency of the stem (current vs. moribund). Furthermore, in the first two experiments, we systematically varied the proportion of complex and simple w

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Sugimori, Eriko, and Takashi Kusumi. "Relationship between Cue Word Activation and Prospective Memory Performance." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (2008): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.317-327.

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The interaction of cue-word specificity in instructions and cue-word familiarity on prospective performance was examined. Exp. 1 was based on a typical prospective memory paradigm using familiar and unfamiliar cue words. Prospective memory performances under general and specific instruction conditions were compared. In Exp. 2, the relationship found in Exp. 1 was further investigated based on the activation of cue words and prospective memory performance. The experimental results indicated that, when a spontaneous retrieval process was used, unfamiliar cues were more likely to be detected, whe

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He, Yong Hui. "Word Spacing and Character Encoding Based on a Combination of Text Features Digital Watermarking Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2029.

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The current structure of fine-tuning the text watermarking algorithm against attack is not strong, poor robustness, this paper proposes a word-based encoding and character spacing feature combines text digital watermarking algorithm. This algorithm in the encoding process, a line of text in a word to the left or right horizontal embedded watermark information, and does not move adjacent words, the position of the decoding process as a reference, in the text character width adjustment embedding watermark information. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good invisibility and robustn

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CHEVROT, JEAN-PIERRE, CELINE DUGUA, and MICHEL FAYOL. "Liaison acquisition, word segmentation and construction in French: a usage-based account." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 3 (2008): 557–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908009124.

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ABSTRACTIn the linguistics field, liaison in French is interpreted as an indicator of interactions between the various levels of language organization. The current study examines the same issue while adopting a developmental perspective. Five experiments involving children aged two to six years provide evidence for a developmental scenario which interrelates a number of different issues: the acquisition of phonological alternations, the segmentation of new words, the long-term stabilization of the word form in the lexicon and the formation of item-based constructions. According to this scenari

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Russo, Riccardo, and Jackie Andrade. "The Directed Forgetting Effect in Word-fragment Completion: An Application of the Process Dissociation Procedure." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 48, no. 2 (1995): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749508401397.

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In three experiments, subjects were asked to remember and forget study words. In line with previous studies, a directed forgetting effect was observed in a word-fragment completion task: Instructions to remember increased the completion of target fragments compared with instructions to forget (Experiment 1). Using the process dissociation procedure (Jacoby, 1991), it appeared that instructions to remember increased the estimates of intentional influences of memory but did not affect the estimates of automatic uses of memory (Experiments 1, 2 and 3). This suggests that directed forgetting effec

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Viswanathan, Madhubalan, and Terry L. Childers. "An Enquiry into the Process of Categorization of Pictures and Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 1 (2003): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.267.

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This paper reports a series of experiments conducted to study the categorization of pictures and words. Whereas some studies reported in the past have found a picture advantage in categorization, other studies have yielded no differences between pictures and words This paper used an experimental paradigm designed to overcome some methodological problems to examine picture-word categorization. The results of one experiment were consistent with an advantage for pictures in categorization. To identify the source of the picture advantage in categorization, two more experiments were conducted. Find

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Ma, Weiyi, Anna Fiveash, Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, Douglas Behrend, and William Forde Thompson. "Song and infant-directed speech facilitate word learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 7 (2019): 1036–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819888982.

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Two separate lines of research have examined the influence of song and infant-directed speech (IDS—a speech register that includes some melodic features) on language learning, suggesting that the use of musical attributes in speech input can enhance language learning. However, the benefits of these two types of stimuli have never been directly compared. In this investigation, we compared the effects of song and IDS for immediate word learning and long-term memory of the learned words. This study examines whether the highly musical stimuli (i.e., song) would facilitate language learning more th

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Moriguchi, Kayu, and Yasuo Morikawa. "Time Course Analysis of the Reverse-Stroop Effect in Japanese Kanji." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 1 (1998): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.1.163.

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A reverse of the Stroop effect was obtained with Japanese kanji (logographic script) but not with Japanese kana (syllabic scripts) by Morikawa in 1981. In the present study, the normal effect on reaction times by word and color was altered by presenting the words before or after the color. The reverse Stroop effect was observed with kanji but not with kana even when the color was presented prior to the word. It was shown that the difference between kanji and kana in the reverse-Stroop effect could not be explained by the relative speed of processing of word and color and that the reading proce

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Srinidhi, K., T. L.S Tejaswi, CH Rama Rupesh Kumar, and I. Sai Siva Charan. "An Advanced Sentiment Embeddings with Applications to Sentiment Based Result Analysis." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (2018): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15721.

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We propose an advanced well-trained sentiment analysis based adoptive analysis “word specific embedding’s, dubbed sentiment embedding’s”. Using available word and phrase embedded learning and trained algorithms mainly make use of contexts of terms but ignore the sentiment of texts and analyzing the process of word and text classifications. sentimental analysis on unlike words conveying same meaning matched to corresponding word vector. This problem is bridged by combining encoding opinion carrying text with sentiment embeddings words. But performing sentimental analysis on e-commerce, social n

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Bautista, Joycee, and Susie Daza. "Mnemonic Process in Teaching Physics and the Problem-Solving Skills of Grade 9 Students." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 34, no. 6 (2025): 737–45. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.340608.

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Physics word problems can be quite difficult for students because of its complexity and requirement for advanced analytical abilities. Educators need to adapt and innovate a variety of teaching strategies and alternative tools to reduce student challenges and effectively deliver lessons. This study aimed to know the effectiveness of the mnemonic process in teaching physics word problem-solving. The study used Quasi-experimental pretest-post control group design. A control group have 37 total of respondents who had used conventional teaching, and an experimental group with 37 total respondents

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Peng, Jun, and Baohua Su. "Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction Based on Deep Relationship Enhancement Networks." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (2024): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052221.

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The task of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ASBA) is to identify all the sentiment analyses expressed by specific aspect words in the text. How to identify specific objects (i.e., aspect words), describe the modifiers of the specific objects (i.e., opinion words), and judge the sentiment analysis expressed by opinion words (sentimental classification) in one step has become a focus of research in ASBA. ASTE (Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction) based on DREN (Deep Relationship Enhancement Networks) has been proposed in this paper. It aims to extract the aspect words and opinion words in the r

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Erben Johansson, Niklas, Jon W. Carr, and Simon Kirby. "Cultural evolution leads to vocal iconicity in an experimental iterated learning task." Journal of Language Evolution 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jole/lzab001.

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Abstract Experimental and cross-linguistic studies have shown that vocal iconicity is prevalent in words that carry meanings related to size and shape. Although these studies demonstrate the importance of vocal iconicity and reveal the cognitive biases underpinning it, there is less work demonstrating how these biases lead to the evolution of a sound symbolic lexicon in the first place. In this study, we show how words can be shaped by cognitive biases through cultural evolution. Using a simple experimental setup resembling the game telephone, we examined how a single word form changed as it w

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Tang, Yachun. "Research on Word Vector Training Method Based on Improved Skip-Gram Algorithm." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (February 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4414207.

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Through the effective word vector training method, we can obtain semantic-rich word vectors and can achieve better results on the same task. In view of the shortcomings of the traditional skip-gram model in coding and modeling the processing of context words, this study proposes an improved word vector-training method based on skip-gram algorithm. Based on the analysis of the existing skip-gram model, the concept of distribution hypothesis is introduced. The distribution of each word in the word context is taken as the representation of the word, the word is put into the semantic space of the

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Krulee, Gilbert K., and Forrest Novy. "Word Processing and Effects of Variability in Type Fonts." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 3 (1986): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.999.

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Current models for reading words often assume the existence of features or shape characteristics for distinguishing one letter from another. However, the form of these features need not be invariant, particularly as one considers variations in type font or in handwriting. In this paper, we introduce the possibility of a two-level process with one level helping the viewer to identify the style or font being used at a given time. This first process leads to the activation of a decision tree that is specialized with respect to a particular set of characteristics while a second process makes use o

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Davies, Martin F. "Cognitive Style and the Reading Process: Field-Dependence Differences on a Lexical-Decision Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3_suppl (1994): 1195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1195.

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This study examined cognitive-style differences in reading strategies on a lexical-decision task. Subjects made word/nonword judgments for letter sequences consisting of either real words, English-sounding nonwords, or non-English-sounding nonwords. In line with previous findings, responses were significantly slower to English-sounding nonwords than to non-English sounding nonwords. This effect was qualified by a significant interaction with field dependence such that field-dependent subjects were significantly slower than field-independent subjects for English-sounding nonwords but not for no

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Kwantes, Peter J., and D. J. K. Mewhort. "Modeling lexical decision and word naming as a retrieval process." Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 53, no. 4 (1999): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0087318.

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Zhang, Bingjie, Qing He, and Damin Zhang. "Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network for Short Text Classification." Applied Sciences 12, no. 17 (2022): 8711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12178711.

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Aiming at the sparsity of short text features, lack of context, and the inability of word embedding and external knowledge bases to supplement short text information, this paper proposes a text, word and POS tag-based graph convolutional network (TWPGCN) performs short text classification. This paper builds a T-W graph of text and words, a W-W graph of words and words, and a W-P graph of words and POS tags, and uses Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to learn its feature and performs feature fusion. TWPGCN only focuses on the structural information of text graph, and does not require pre-traini

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ALWAHEIDI, Sohaıb, and Filiz CELE. "Accessing Deverbal Nouns in L1 and L2 Arabic: A Masked-Priming Experiment." Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 34, no. 1 (2023): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18492/dad.1195380.

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The current study examines how non-native speakers process deverbal nouns of Arabic. Unlike Indo-European languages, the word-formation process in Arabic occurs in a discontinuous manner. The root morpheme (carrying the core semantic information) interlocks in the word pattern morpheme (which holds the phonological and morpho-syntactic information). Research on Arabic shows that Arabic native speakers decompose derived and inflected (deverbal nouns and verbs) complex words during lexical processing. Priming studies on word processing did not appear to have consistent findings on whether L2 spe

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Tiscareño, Ingrid. "Spoken word recognition in French." Revista Lengua y Cultura 5, no. 9 (2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/lc.v5i9.11461.

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Different linguistic factors can influence the recognition of spoken words in French. We are interested in the impact of the linguistic factor of phonological density, which refers to the number of phonological neighbours of words and which is related to the recognition process according to a principle of inhibition and lexical competition. By using a lexical decision task, where half of the words have a low phonological density, and the other half a high phonological density, we aim to measure the reaction times of a group of young French-speaking participants (18-35 years old). The results o

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Lee, Chang H. "Association among Reading Summarization, Word Recognition, and Sentence Comprehension." Perceptual and Motor Skills 96, no. 3_suppl (2003): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.1133.

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Word recognition and sentence comprehension are initial and necessary processes to summarize a story. This study was conducted to investigate the relations among word recognition, sentence comprehension, and reading summarization. Analysis showed performance for word naming, an index of on-line word recognition, was correlated with the Latent Semantic Analysis scores, an index of reading summarization. These results indicate that the basic process of word recognition is a comer stone to better reading.

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Streim, Nancy W., and Robin S. Chapman. "The effects of discourse support on the organization and production of children's utterances." Applied Psycholinguistics 8, no. 1 (1987): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400000060.

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ABSTRACTThis study asked whether lexical availability affects the length, complexity, order of mention, and fluency of children's utterances. Lexical availability was manipulated through discourse support (present or absent) and word frequency (high or low) for 40 target nouns. Length was indexed by mean number of words per communication unit. Complexity was indexed by mean number of verbs per communication unit. Earlier mention was measured by mean number of words preceding the target word in each communication unit. Thirty-six subjects, aged 4, 6, and 8, described 40 illustrations containing

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Tavsanli, Omer Faruk, Abdullah Kaldirim, and Tayyar Erdem Gedikli. "Enhancing Permanence for Vocabulary Learning on 2nd Grade Students in Turkey Through Music." GIST – Education and Learning Research Journal, no. 22 (June 23, 2021): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26817/16925777.843.

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Music plays an important role in students' language development. Because the process of acquiring and developing language skills of the individual and the process of learning to make music work have many similarities. In this study, the effect of teaching word with music with the normal intelligence and development level of 2nd grade students on the learning of the meaning of the word and ensuring the permanence of the word has been examined. Quasi-experimental design with experimental control group was used in the study. The research was carried out with 43 second grade students and the data

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Ahmad, Zulkifli, and Melor Md Yunus. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING JOLLY PHONICS BLENDING PHONEMES TO YEAR 3 ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOM." International Journal of Humanities, Philosophy and Language 2, no. 8 (2019): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijhpl.280011.

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Poor word identifying skill has become an issue among weak students in the education system. Students with good skill of able to identifying words at glance are able to develop and improve their overall reading performance across subjects in the school compared to the weak students who has poor word identifying skill. This problem has not only brought a temporary halt to teachers to teach but also to students to understand any information or tasks transmitted through the teaching and learning process. In the process of word identifying skill, students must be able to recognize the sounds of le

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Xiao, Fan. "Toward English-Chinese Translation Based on Neural Networks." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (April 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3114123.

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In traditional interactive English translation systems, English semantic context is not obvious in the process of the English translation, and the selection of optimal feature semantics does not reach the optimal translation solution, which leads to low translation accuracy. Toward this solation, a neural network (NN) based translation approach is proposed to predict word order differences in language translation and improve translation accuracy in long sentences. In this study, a multilayer NN model has been established to victories the unlabeled text words, realize the combination of word re

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Ma, Guojie, Ziang Li, Fengfeng Xu, and Xingshan Li. "The modulation of eye movement control by word length in reading Chinese." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (2018): 1620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818799994.

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Given there are no interword spaces marking word boundaries in Chinese text, it remains unclear how information about word length influences eye movement control during the reading of Chinese text. In this research, we set up strict controls for word frequency and other word properties, to study this knowledge gap. In Experiment 1A and Experiment 1B, a between-subjects design was used. Forty-eight pairs of one- and two-character words were selected as target words in Experiment 1A, while the same amount of two- and three-character words were selected in Experiment 1B. Conversely, a within-subj

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Kristiana, Vera, and Diana Sopha. "TEACHING ENGLISH WORD FORMATION PROCESS USING ATTRACTIVE MEDIA." PHILOLOGY Journal of English Language and Literature 3, no. 1 (2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32696/pjell.v3i1.1956.

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The purpose of this study is to explain the importance of learning media in delivering material in class. Learning media has a major role in the smooth running of the learning and teaching process. Especially during the Covid 19 pandemic yesterday, lecturers thought hard about how to maximize learning even in difficult situations. One solution is to find interesting and attractive learning media especially for teaching course material that students find difficult. One such material is about the process of word formation in English which contains various theories in it. Media that is considered

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Peperkamp, Sharon, Inga Vendelin, and Kimihiro Nakamura. "On the perceptual origin of loanword adaptations: experimental evidence from Japanese." Phonology 25, no. 1 (2008): 129–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675708001425.

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Japanese shows an asymmetry in the treatment of word-final [n] in loanwords from English and French: while it is adapted as a moraic nasal consonant in loanwords from English, it is adapted with a following epenthetic vowel in loanwords from French. We provide experimental evidence that this asymmetry is due to phonetic differences in the realisation of word-final [n] in English and French, and, consequently, to the way in which English and French word-final [n] are perceived by native speakers of Japanese. Specifically, French but not English word-final [n] has a strong vocalic release that J

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Yuni Putri Utami, Budyi Suswanto, and Nurul Fadhilah. "The Effects of Genre Based Approach and Process Approach on EFL Writing Class." Technium Social Sciences Journal 50 (November 1, 2023): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v50i1.9903.

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Indonesian students learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Indonesian students who are second language users (L2 learners) have limited knowledge of frequently used words compared to first language users (L1 learners) and native English speakers. EFL students made more mistakes and errors in EFL writing classes due to limited vocabulary. A frequent word is a single word in the first three frequency levels of the 1000 words. To fill this gap, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a genre-based approach (GBA) and a process approach to writing (PAW) on student writing skills. In th

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Lyu, Weibin, Jinlong Chen, Xingguo Qin, and Jun Li. "Word Vector Representation of Latin Cuengh Based on Root Feature Enhancement." Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (2024): 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010211.

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The Latin Cuengh is a kind of language used in China’s minority areas. Due to its complex pronunciation and semantic system, it is difficult to spread widely. To deal with and protect this language further, this paper considers using the current word vector representation technology to study it. Word vector representation is the basic method and an important foundation of current research on natural language processing. It relies on a large number of data resources and is obtained through the paradigm of pre-training and feature learning. Due to the extreme lack of Latin Cuengh corpus resource

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Carlson, Jerry S., and J. P. Das. "A Process Approach to Remediating Word-Decoding Deficiencies in Chapter 1 Children." Learning Disability Quarterly 20, no. 2 (1997): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511217.

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Difficulties in remediating reading deficiencies in Chapter 1 children have been well documented. Using samples of children from this population, we report the results of two studies employing a recently developed program designed to remediate word-decoding deficiencies. The Process-Based Reading Enhancement Program (PREP) is based on the Luria-Das model of information integration. It involves instruction twice weekly over 14 to 16 weeks. In Study 1, 50 children were randomly selected from a fourth-grade Chapter 1 population. From this group, random assignment was made to experimental and comp

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Grainger, J., and C. Beauvillain. "Language blocking and lexical access in bilinguals." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 39, no. 2 (1987): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748708401788.

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Two experiments are described which compared the effects of mixed- and pure-language lists on lexical decision times with English-French bilinguals. Experiment 1 showed that reaction times are faster in the pure-language presentation than in the mixed-language presentation with words that are orthographically legal letter strings in the other language. The second experiment tested this pure-mixed effect more precisely by comparing different sequences of two successive items and by introducing the language-specific orthography factor. No pure-mixed effect was found for words with language-speci

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Li, Peijun. "The study for word prediction based on Skip-gram and CBOW model." Theoretical and Natural Science 18, no. 1 (2023): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/18/20230392.

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In the modern world, when people use their texting apps to communicate with each other, they find their phones are trying to predict what they want to type. The process of this word prediction is actually not a new topic, previous researchers have involved the Natural Language Processing (NLP) word prediction algorithms in many studies. Thus, in this article, a project implementing the Skip-gram model and the Continuous Bags of Words (CBOW) model is created in this study to find out whichever of the two newest and reversed word prediction models would be better to utilize. By comparing the eff

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NORMANINGSIH, YETTY. "DIFFERENCES IN CLASS XI STUDENTS' LEARNING RESULTS IN SOCIOLOGY SUBJECTS USING THE WORD SQUARE LEARNING MODEL WITH THE LECTURE LEARNING MODEL." Journal of Education Technology and Inovation 5, no. 1 (2022): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31537/jeti.v5i1.702.

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ABSTRACT The Sociology learning process carried out at SMA Negeri 4 has problems related to the learning process which still uses the lecture method, so students tend to be passive in the classroom. This resulted in less than optimal student learning outcomes. One alternative to encourage students to have better learning outcomes is the application of the Word Square learning model. The population in this study were students of class XI IPS SMA Negeri 4 Jember. The research sample was class XI IPS-2 as the experimental group and class XI IPS-1 as the control group with 37 students each.

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NORMANINGSIH, YETTY. "DIFFERENCES IN CLASS XI STUDENTS' LEARNING RESULTS IN SOCIOLOGY SUBJECTS USING THE WORD SQUARE LEARNING MODEL WITH THE LECTURE LEARNING MODEL SMA NEGERI 4 JEMBER." Journal of Education Technology and Inovation 5, no. 1 (2022): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31537/jeti.v5i1.962.

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The Sociology learning process carried out at SMA Negeri 4 has problems related to the learning process which still uses the lecture method, so students tend to be passive in the classroom. This resulted in less than optimal student learning outcomes. One alternative to encourage students to have better learning outcomes is the application of the Word Square learning model. The population in this study were students of class XI IPS SMA Negeri 4 Jember. The research sample was class XI IPS-2 as the experimental group and class XI IPS-1 as the control group with 37 students each. Sampling using

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Liao, Xianwen, Yongzhong Huang, Changfu Wei, Chenhao Zhang, Yongqing Deng, and Ke Yi. "Efficient Estimate of Low-Frequency Words’ Embeddings Based on the Dictionary: A Case Study on Chinese." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 11018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112211018.

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Obtaining high-quality embeddings of out-of-vocabularies (OOVs) and low-frequency words is a challenge in natural language processing (NLP). To efficiently estimate the embeddings of OOVs and low-frequency words, we propose a new method that uses the dictionary to estimate the embeddings of OOVs and low-frequency words. More specifically, the explanatory note of an entry in dictionaries accurately describes the semantics of the corresponding word. Naturally, we adopt the sentence representation model to extract the semantics of the explanatory note and regard the semantics as the embedding of

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Vitkovitch, Melanie, and Elisa Cooper. "My Word! Interference from Reading Object Names Implies a Role for Competition during Picture Name Retrieval." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 65, no. 6 (2012): 1229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2012.655699.

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A related word prime has been found to interfere with picture naming after unrelated intervening trials (word-to-picture interference). Recently, Stroop-type picture–word interference effects have been interpreted in terms of a postlexical response exclusion process rather than a competitive lexical selection process. An experiment is reported that examines whether word-to-picture effects could reflect response exclusion mechanisms and, more generally, strategic processing of the word prime. Forty-eight volunteer university students named aloud sequences of semantically related (and unrelated)

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Jemni, Sana Khamekhem, Yousri Kessentini, and Slim Kanoun. "Improving Recurrent Neural Networks for Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition by Combining Different Language Models." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 12 (2020): 2052007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420520072.

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In handwriting recognition, the design of relevant features is very important, but it is a daunting task. Deep neural networks are able to extract pertinent features automatically from the input image. This drops the dependency on handcrafted features, which is typically a trial and error process. In this paper, we perform an exhaustive experimental evaluation of learned against handcrafted features for Arabic handwriting recognition task. Moreover, we focus on the optimization of the competing full-word based language models by incorporating different characters and sub-words models. We exten

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Zheng, Lei, Fanchao Qi, Zhiyuan Liu, Yasheng Wang, Qun Liu, and Maosong Sun. "Multi-Channel Reverse Dictionary Model." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 01 (2020): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5365.

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A reverse dictionary takes the description of a target word as input and outputs the target word together with other words that match the description. Existing reverse dictionary methods cannot deal with highly variable input queries and low-frequency target words successfully. Inspired by the description-to-word inference process of humans, we propose the multi-channel reverse dictionary model, which can mitigate the two problems simultaneously. Our model comprises a sentence encoder and multiple predictors. The predictors are expected to identify different characteristics of the target word

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WRIGHT, DONNA-MARIE, and LINNEA C. EHRI. "Beginners remember orthography when they learn to read words: The case of doubled letters." Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no. 1 (2007): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716406070068.

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Sight word learning and memory were studied to clarify how early during development readers process visual letter patterns that are not dictated by phonology, and whether their word learning is influenced by the legality of letter patterns. Forty kindergartners and first graders were taught to read 12 words containing either single consonants (e.g., FAN) or doubled consonants in initial illegal or final legal positions (e.g., RRUG or JETT). Children required fewer trials to learn to read legally spelled words with single or doubled consonants than illegally spelled words containing initial dou

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MacArthur, Charles A., Steve Graham, Shirley S. Schwartz, and William D. Schafer. "Evaluation of a Writing Instruction Model that Integrated a Process Approach, Strategy Instruction, and Word Processing." Learning Disability Quarterly 18, no. 4 (1995): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511234.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of a model of writing instruction that integrated word processing, strategy instruction, and a process approach. Teachers established a social context for writing in which students worked on meaningful tasks, shared their writing with peers, and published their work for real audiences. The classroom structure supported extended cycles of planning, drafting, and revising. Teachers supported the development of writing strategies through conferencing and explicit instruction in strategies for planning and revising. Word processing supported fluent production

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Al-Yasin, Noor, and Jihad Hamdan. "The Impact of Music on Verbal Memory: Evidence from Jordanian University Students." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 34, no. 1 (2023): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-34-1-28-49.

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Purpose. Following the hypothesis of shared cognitive mechanisms between language and music, the present study investigates the interconnection between musical orientation and language processing operations in Broca’s area, namely verbal retrieval. The researchers replicated Taylor & Dewhurst’s (2017) study by applying a perceptual task of four types of words in Arabic to Jordanian university students spanning a wide range of musical orientations.  Methods. The participants are musicians with different levels of musical training and non-musicians who vary in their musical interests.

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