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Journal articles on the topic "Word frequency lists"
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Keller, Howard H. "Word Frequency and Pedagogical Value: Contrasting Textbook Vocabulary Lists with Word Frequency Counts." Slavic and East European Journal 35, no. 2 (1991): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/308316.
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Coniam, David. "Word-Processing “Efficiency”—By Means of Personalized Word-Frequency Lists." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 31, no. 2 (April 2001): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jpe7-hh4d-yxtx-wgjf.
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Culligan, Brent. "Evaluating Corpora with Word Lists and Word Difficulty." Vocabulary Learning and Instruction 8, no. 1 (2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7820/vli.v08.1.culligan.
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This study examines the application of an IRT analysis of words on lists including the General Service List (GSL), New General Service List (NGSL), Academic Word List (AWL), New Academic Word List (NAWL), and TOEIC Service List (TSL). By comparing line graphs, density distribution graphs, and boxplots for the average difficulty of each word list to related lists, we can get a visualization of the data’s distribution. Japanese EFL students responded to one or more of 84 Yes/No test forms compiled from 5,880 unique real words and 2,520 nonwords. The real words were analyzed using Winsteps (Linacre, 2005) resulting in IRT estimates for each word. By summing the difficulties of each word, we can calculate the average difficulty of each word list which can then be used to rank the lists. In effect, the process supports the concurrent validity of the lists. The analysis indicates the word family approach results in more difficult word lists. The mean difficulties of the GSL and the BNC_COCA appear to be more divergent and more difficult particularly over the first 4000 words, possibly due to the use of Bauer and Nation’s (1993) Affix Level 6 definition for their compilation. Finally, just as we should expect word lists for beginners to have higher frequency words than subsequent lists, we should also expect them to be easier with more words known to learners. This can be seen with the gradual but marked difference between the different word lists of the NGSL and its supplemental SPs.
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Yorkston, Kathryn M., Kathleen Smith, and David Beukelman. "Extended Communication Samples of Augmented Communicators I." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 2 (May 1990): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5502.217.
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Vocabulary selection for linguistically intact augmented communicators is a growing clinical concern. The purpose of this study as to compare and contrast the relative benefits of word lists that were individualized for these augmented subjects to word lists selected from standard vocabulary sources. Communication samples were collected for 14 consecutive days from 10 subjects who used augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. These samples were analyzed to determine the frequency of single word occurrence, and the results were compared with those obtained from analysis of standard vocabulary lists. The conclusions of the study were (a) that when vocabulary lists are individually created, based on the frequency of word occurrence natural communication samples, relatively short lists can represent a large proportion of the total communication sample; (b) that individualized word lists are more efficient than standard vocabulary lists, if efficiency is defined as a large proportion of the total sample represented by a small list; and (c) that if used in their entirety, standard lists are not efficient because they contain large number of words that are rarely used.
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Dang, This Ngoc Yen, and Stuart Webb. "Evaluating lists of high-frequency words." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 167, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 132–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.167.2.02dan.
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This study compared the lexical coverage provided by four wordlists [West’s (1953) General Service List (GSL), Nation’s (2006) most frequent 2,000 British National Corpus word families (BNC2000), Nation’s (2012) most frequent 2,000 British National Corpus and Corpus of Contemporary American-English word families (BNC/COCA2000), and Brezina and Gablasova’s (2015) New-GSL list] in 18 corpora. The comparison revealed that the headwords in the BNC/COCA2000 tended to provide the greatest average coverage. However, when the coverage of the most frequent 1,000, 1,500, and 1,996 headwords in the lists was compared, the New-GSL provided the highest coverage. The GSL had the worst performance using both criteria. Pedagogical and methodological implications related to second language (L2) vocabulary learning and teaching are discussed in detail.
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Neath, Ian, and Philip T. Quinlan. "The item/order account of word frequency effects: Evidence from serial order tests." Memory & Cognition 49, no. 6 (March 30, 2021): 1188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01144-7.
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AbstractAccording to the item/order hypothesis, high-frequency words are processed more efficiently and therefore order information can be readily encoded. In contrast, low-frequency words are processed less efficiently and the focus on item-specific processing compromises order information. Most experiments testing this account use free recall, which has led to two problems: First, the role of order information is difficult to evaluate in free recall, and second, the data from free recall show all three possible patterns of results: memory for high-frequency words can be better than, the same as, or worse than that for low-frequency words. A series of experiments tested the item/order hypothesis using tests where the role of order information is less ambiguous. The item/order hypothesis predicts better performance for high- than low-frequency words when pure lists are used in both immediate serial recall (ISR) and serial reconstruction of order (SRO) tests. In contrast, when mixed (alternating) lists are used, it predicts better performance for low- than for high-frequency words with ISR tests, but equivalent performance with SRO tests. The experiments generally confirm these predictions, with the notable exception of a block order effect in SRO tasks: When a block of low-frequency lists preceded a block of high-frequency lists, a high-frequency advantage was observed but when a block of high-frequency lists preceded a block of low-frequency lists, no frequency effect was observed. A final experiment provides evidence that this block order effect is due to metacognitive factors.
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Lohnas, Lynn J., and Michael J. Kahana. "Parametric effects of word frequency in memory for mixed frequency lists." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 39, no. 6 (2013): 1943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033669.
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Helmbold, Bruce. "Words We Would Want: Comparison of Three Pre-programmed Vocabulary Sets With Frequently Used Words in English." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 17, no. 4 (December 2008): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac17.4.156.
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Abstract In this descriptive study, three pre-programmed vocabulary sets—Picture WordPower 45 location (Inman Innovations), Unity 45 Full vs. 4.06 (Prentke-Romich Company), and Gateway 60 vs. 1.06.18 (Dynavox Technologies)—were examined for word-based vocabulary content and keystrokes per word. The vocabulary contents of the each set were then compared to the thousand most common words as identified by two different listings apiece, that published in Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English based on the British National Corpus (BNC), and Wiktionary TV/Movie Frequency Lists (2006). The pre-programmed vocabulary set best representing these frequency lists was Unity 45 Full, followed by Gateway 60 and Picture WordPower. The vocabulary sets using the fewest average keystrokes per word, based on frequency lists, were Picture WordPower and Gateway 60 followed by Unity 45 Full. Results provide an aid for evaluating the comparative merits of pre-programmed vocabulary sets, such as inclusion of frequently used English words and relative keystroke savings.
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Calhoon, J. Anne, and Lauren Leslie. "A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Word Frequency and Rime-Neighborhood Size on Beginning Readers' Rime Reading Accuracy in Words and Nonwords." Journal of Literacy Research 34, no. 1 (March 2002): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15548430jlr3401_2.
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Beginning readers' rime reading accuracy was assessed over three years to examine the influence of word frequency and rime-neighborhood size (the number of single syllable words with the same rime) on words presented in lists and stories. Twenty-seven 1st- and 2nd- grade students read 54 words and 27 nonwords containing rimes from different size neighborhoods. In Year 1, children showed effects of neighborhood size in high frequency words read in stories and in low frequency words read in lists and stories. In Year 2, rimes from large neighborhoods were read more accurately than rimes from medium and small neighborhoods in high- and low-frequency words. In Year 3, no effects of rime-neighborhood size were found for high-frequency words, but effects on low-frequency words continued. These results support Leslie and Calhoon's (1995) developmental model of the effects of rime-neighborhood size and word frequency as a function of higher levels of word learning.
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Stuart, Morag, Maureen Dixon, Jackie Masterson, and Bob Gray. "Children's early reading vocabulary: Description and word frequency lists." British Journal of Educational Psychology 73, no. 4 (December 2003): 585–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000709903322591253.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Word frequency lists"
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Graham, Athelia. "The Effects of Homography on Computer-generated High Frequency Word Lists." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2692.pdf.
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Brown, Christine Mary. "Assessing the Readability of Māori Language Texts for Classroom Use." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Māori and Indigenous Studies, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4015.
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This project sought to find a rigorous and manageable method for measuring the difficulty of texts in te reo Māori written for children, beyond junior reading material in Māori-medium educational settings.
The project examined a range of readability measures based on semantic and/or syntactic features of text, following the work of Warwick Elley (1969) and Richard Benton et al. (1995). Features such as the difficulty of content words, average sentence length, standardised type:token ratios and the use of function words were used in different combinations to create seven methods to measure text difficulty.
Teachers’ and students’ ratings of text difficulty, and students’ scores on reading comprehension tasks related to the texts were used as criteria to examine the validity of the readability methods. The findings revealed that indices of either vocabulary load or lexical density when used in combination with the number of function types in the text, produce statistical significance with the criterion measures. Further research is needed to confirm their validity for use in Māori –medium classroom settings.
The Māori word lists developed for this project as the basis of the readability approaches have the potential for more widespread analyses of language proficiency measures for students in Māori-medium settings.
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Chapman, Allison M. "List length and word frequency effects in the Sternberg paradigm." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337818585.
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Dilbaitė, Indrė. "Konceptualiųjų metaforų vertimas lygiagrečiajame anglų-lietuvių kalbų ES dokumentų tekstyne." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100617_112544-87348.
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Šiame magistro darbe analizuojamos konceptualiosios metaforos, atrinktos iš Europos Sąjungos dokumentų tekstyno anglų ir lietuvių kalbomis, ir jų vertimas. Oficialiuose tekstuose paprastai nesitikima rasti daug kalbos gražinimo priemonių, tokių kaip metaforos. Tačiau jos yra sudėtinė visų kalbų dalis, o konceptualioji yra ypatinga tuo, kad gali būti prigijusi pačiose netikėčiausiose srityse, ir, jei neatliekami tam tikri tyrimai, gali likti nepastebėta. Darbe apibrėžta metaforos samprata, nurodomos jos rūšys. Išskiriama konceptualioji metafora ir kelios jos klasifikacijos – pagal konvencionalumą, atliekamą funkciją (skirstomos į struktūrines, ontologines ir erdvines) ir apibrėžtumo laipsnį. Aprašius atrankos būdus ir kriterijus, dažniniuose dvižodžių ir trižodžių junginių sąrašuose atrinktos konceptualiosios metaforos. Kiekviena pagal atliekamą funkciją priskirta struktūrinėms, ontologinėms arba erdvinėms. Lygiagrečiajame anglų-lietuvių kalbų ES dokumentų tekstyne buvo ieškoma kiekvienos konceptualiosios metaforos vertimo, siekiant nustatyti, ar junginiai išlaikė savo konceptualumą; ar jį įgijo tik vertime; ar vertime jis pranyko. Nustatyta, kad iš dažniausiai pasikartojančių ES dokumentų tekstyne konceptualiųjų metaforų anglų ir lietuvių kalbomis vertime išlieka didžioji dalis, tai yra atitinkamai 61% ir 69%. Tipiškiausios, dažniausiai vartojamos konceptualiosios metaforos lygiagrečiajame tekstyne verčiamos labai vienodai.This research is based on conceptual metaphors that were manually extracted from the English-Lithuanian corpus of European Union documents, the translation was analyzed. Normally it is uncommon to find many figures of speech in official texts, but metaphor is a component of all languages. The conceptual metaphor is naturalized in most uncommon areas without being noticed unless specifically investigated. Conception of metaphor and its types are defined in this work. Conceptual metaphor is presented, as well as possible classifications – by conventionality, by cognitive function they perform (classified into structural, ontological and orientational metaphors) as well as generality of metaphor. After presenting the identification criteria and methods, conceptual metaphors were extracted from the frequency lists of two-word and three-word combinations. Each conceptual metaphor was analyzed and classified as structural, ontological or orientational in accordance with the functions they perform. Translation of each metaphor was located in the English-Lithuanian parallel corpus of EU documents, in order to determine if the combinations retained their conceptuality; if it was obtained only in translation; if it vanished in translation. It was discovered that the majority of the most frequently used English and Lithuanian conceptual metaphors remained in translation, 61% and 69% respectively. The most typical, most frequently used conceptual metaphors are translated in the parallel... [to full text]
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KUO, MIAO-SHAN, and 郭妙珊. "A Corpus Analysis of Word Frequency Lists and Lexical Coverage in British Animation Peppa Pig." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13287240555160908062.
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碩士南臺科技大學
應用英語系
104
In an EFL context like Taiwan, learners are hardly exposed to a sufficient amount of language input. Efficient vocabulary learning is thus necessary to English learners here in Taiwan. In the past, considerable attention has been paid to the vocabulary of textbooks. Relatively little research has been done on vocabulary in authentic materials. This study set out to investigate the word frequency and vocabulary size to comprehend British children’s animation Peppa Pig. The purpose of the present research is to explore the current British animation Peppa Pig from corpus perspective. The primary research goals are: (1) to investigate the frequency word list in British animation Peppa Pig, (2) to compare these frequent words with 1,200 words of Junior High and Elementary School promulgated by MOE, (3) to examine the lexical coverage of British animation Peppa Pig using two different corpus, NGSL and NAWL as well as BNC/COCA lists. In addition, the comparisons between the results of the two sets of lists is discussed. (4) to investigate the words of Not found in the BNC/COCA lists consisting of the vocabulary items in the programs. The scripts of 196 episodes of British animation Peppa Pig were analyzed using AntConc program to check the frequency word list, as well as AntWordprofiler program with NGSL, NAWL and BNC/COCA lists respectively. The results show that NGSL with NAWL plus its supplemental words cover 83.62% of the Peppa Pig corpus while the BNC/COCA lists provide 97.69% coverage in the target corpus. The first 1,000 word families in the BNC/COCA lists rank the highest coverage of the animation. Proper nouns and marginal words rank the third and fourth highest coverage after the first and second 1,000 word families. Qualitative analysis is carried out to compare the differences between coverage in Peppa Pig by the two sets of lists. BNC/COCA lists provide approximately 9% higher than NGSL in the first 1,000 word level, while they have little discrepancy (0.06%) in the second 1,000 word level. Over 2 % coverage of words cannot be found in the BNC/COCA lists , which are belonged to the following categories: proper nouns, marginal words, interlanguage, compounds, words from other language and should-be listed words. Moreover, it is found that 930 words are overlapped between the words in Peppa Pig and 1,200 words of MOE. The lexical gap between MOE’s 1,200 words and 5,00 high-frequency words are mainly proper nouns, marginal words, inflections and derivations, child-directed speech vocabulary, games and role playing lexicon, and daily English words. It is hoped that this study can provide quantitative information and qualitative interpretation of this children’s animation, and help English educators and learners know more vocabulary knowledge about children’s animation and facilitate language learning.
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Kao, Yung-ching, and 高永欽. "A Corpus Analysis of Word Frequency Lists and Lexical Coverage for Senior High School English Textbooks and the Reading Comprehension Tests of JCEE." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09503043681374424217.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
應用外語系
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The present study aims to explore and compare the most frequently used words, the overlapping rate, the general words, academic words, and lexical coverage between senior high school English textbooks and the reading comprehension tests of the Joint College Entrance of Examination (JCEE). Two corpora were compiled: one corpus is the textbook corpus (henceforth referred to as the Textbook Corpus), consisting of three sets of Taiwanese senior high school English textbooks－San Min (henceforth referred to as TA), Far East (henceforth referred to as TB), and Lunteng (henceforth referred to as TC); the other one is the JCEE Corpus, containing the reading comprehension tests of JCEE from 2001 to 2014. Three corpus software, AntConc, AntWordProfiler, and Range were used for data analysis. Based on the results of this study, the researcher pointed out the right directions for senior high school students to prepare for General Scholastic Ability Test (GSAT) and Department Required Test (DRT) of the college entrance examinations, and the shortage of vocabulary provided by senior high school English textbooks. The author also puts forward several suggestions for learners, teachers, and textbook publishers to end up this thesis. Major findings are summarized as follows: (1) There are 67% of function words and 33% of content words in the top 100 words of the Textbook Corpus. There are 60% of function words and 40% of content words in the top 100 words of the JCEE Corpus. An increasing number of the content words were found as we explore more frequency bands. (2) The overlapping rate of the Textbook Corpus word list and the JCEE Corpus word list is 88.9%. (3) The Textbook Corpus contains 1,915 general words in the GSL, accounting for 96% of the GSL; it contains 492 academic words in the AWL, accounting for 86% of the AWL. The JCEE Corpus contains 1,510 general words in the GSL, accounting for 76% of the GSL; it contains 381 academic words in the AWL, accounting for 67% of the AWL. Add Additionally, to reach 95% lexical coverage, 5,000 BNC word families plus proper nouns and marginal words are needed. To reach 98% text comprehension, at least 14,000 BNC word families plus proper nouns and marginal words are needed.
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Katsumata, Yuriko. "The development and empirical substantiation of Japanese pedagogical materials based on kabuki." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11762.
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Many researchers (e.g., Nation, 2001, 2015; Schmitt, 2000) have recognized the importance of vocabulary learning in second language (L2) or additional language (AL) acquisition. The strong effects of lexical and background knowledge on L2reading comprehension have similarly been found in various studies (e.g., Hu & Nation, 2000; Rokni & Hajilari, 2013). In the case of Japanese language, the opportunities for acquiring the lexical and background knowledge associated with Japanese history and culture, especially traditional culture, are scant, because only a small number of Japanese pedagogical materials deal minimally with these topics. Meanwhile, many learners are motivated to study Japanese because of their interest in Japanese history and culture, according to a survey conducted by the Japan Foundation in 2012.
This project aimed to increase the opportunities for learning Japanese history and traditional culture through the development of new pedagogical materials based on kabuki, and then the empirical evaluation of the developed pedagogical materials. Nine Chinese-as-a-first-language Japanese learners at the upper-intermediate level participated in the nine-week online course, including the pre- and post-course tests in the first and last weeks. Employing a multi-method research approach, the study examined the changes in learners’ lexical and background knowledge related to Japanese history and culture, their reading comprehension, and their interest in kabuki. Four kinds of multiple-choice tests were administered to collect the quantitative data. In addition, the qualitative data were gathered through the pre- and post-course questionnaires and post-course individual interviews.
Overall, the findings indicated that almost all participants increased their background knowledge of kabuki, as well as their vocabulary related to kabuki and general theatrical performances. The results in other areas, such as historical vocabulary, vocabulary depth, reading comprehension, and historical background knowledge were mixed. Further, concerning the depth of vocabulary knowledge, it was found that the learning of vocabulary depth was more difficult than learning of vocabulary breadth. Likewise, the knowledge of use, such as collocations and register constraints, was found to be more difficult to learn than other aspects of vocabulary depth. The participants’ reports in the post-course questionnaire and individual interviews showed that most participants seemed to have increased their interest in kabuki. Overall, the first-of-their-kind developed pedagogical materials contributed to the development of lexical and background knowledge, specifically knowledge associated with Japanese traditional culture and history. This study may provide a model for an evidence-based approach to the development of pedagogical materials that practitioners can adopt or adapt.Graduate
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Creighton, Graham Robert. "An assessment of student's English vocabulary levels and an exploration of the vocabulary profile of teacher's spoken discourse in an international high school." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22590.
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In many international schools where English is the language of learning and teaching there are large percentages of students whose first language is not English. Many of these students may have low vocabulary levels which inhibits their chances of taking full advantage of their education. Low vocabulary levels can be a particular problem for students in mainstream classes where fluent English speaking teachers are using English to teach content areas of Mathematics, Science and History. Not only do students have to comprehend the low-frequency, academic and technical vocabulary pertaining to the subject, but they also need to know the higher frequency vocabulary that makes up general English usage. If students’ vocabulary levels fall too far below the vocabulary levels with which their teachers are speaking, then their chance of comprehending the topic is small, as is their chance of succeeding in their subjects.
This study has two broad aims. Firstly, I have set out to assess the English vocabulary levels of students at an international school where English is the language of learning and teaching. The majority of students at this school do not have English as their first language. The second aim of this study is to explore the vocabulary profile of the teachers’ spoken discourse at the research school. By gaining a better understanding of the nature of teacher discourse – specifically the percentage of high, mid and low-frequency vocabulary, as well as academic vocabulary that they use – English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers will be in a stronger position to identify what the vocabulary learning task is and be able to assist students in reaching the vocabulary levels necessary to make sense of their lessons. This study revealed a large gap between the generally low vocabulary levels of ESL students and the vocabulary levels spoken by their teachers. As a result the need for explicit vocabulary instruction and learning is shown to be very important in English medium (international) schools, where there are large numbers of students whose first language is not English.Linguistics and Modern Languages
M.A. (Applied Linguistics)
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Xakaza, Sheila Innocentia. "Using the Internet communication tools to facilitate learning." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25660.
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This dissertation describes research which investigated the use of communication tools in a WebCT learning environment. The instrumental case study investigated the level and frequency of use of the web-based communication tools during a full-fledged course delivery at a university that enrols only full-time students. The unit of analysis was the case and the instruments included group interviews, observation anecdotal notes, communication diaries, focus group and a journal/logbook. A mixed qualitative and quantitative research method was used in this research. The study evaluated how the interactivity and not how either the lesson or the WebCT function. The conceptual framework focused on interactivity, features of communication tools that promote interactivity, as well as the domains such as cognition, motivation and learner interface as aspects that influence the use of communication tools. Various web-based tools were used by a sample consisting of a selected small group of IT students who participated in the study. Those communication tools were used to facilitate learning in WebCT. The results showed a total of 145 interactions for the duration of ten sessions. The WebCT communication tools supported either synchronous or asynchronous communication. Communication tools were used to retrieve information and send text-based messages to lecturers and students. Interaction at different levels was evident between student and student, student and lecturer, lecturer and student, lecturer and lecturer, as well as, student and content. In addition to the WebCT communication tools, students used extra web-based communication tools, to facilitate their learning. It was concluded that with continuous advances in information and communication technology and with ever increasing student numbers at resident universities, more tertiary institutions should offer on-line courses. More communication tools should be considered on WebCT to facilitate more interactive learning.Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Curriculum Studies
unrestricted
Books on the topic "Word frequency lists"
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Dee, Gardner, ed. A frequency dictionary of contemporary American English: Word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists. London: Routledge, 2010.
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Mark, Davies. A frequency dictionary of contemporary American English: Word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010.
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Zgółkowa, Halina. Słownictwo polskich tekstów rockowych: Listy frekwencyjne. Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 1991.
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Zgółkowa, Halina. Słownictwo współczesniej poezji polskiej: Listy frekwencyjne. Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 1992.
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Zgółkowa, Halina. Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedezkolnym: Listy frekwencyjne. Poznań: Wydawn. Nauk. Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza, 1987.
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Denooz, J. Aristote, Poetica: Index verborum, liste de fréquence. Liège: Centre informatique de philosophie et lettres, 1988.
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Purnelle, G. Aristote: De anima : index verborum, listes de fréquences. Liège: C.I.P.L., 1988.
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Zgółkowa, Halina. Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym: Listy frekwencyjne. Poznań: Wydawn. Nauk. Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 1987.
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Colin, Bernard. Aristote, categoriae: Index verborum, listes de fréquence. Liège: Université de Liège, Faculté de philosophie et lettres, Centre informatique de philosophie et lettres, 1993.
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Pirenne-Delforge, Vinciane. Periegesis: Index verborum, liste de fréquence, index nominum. Liège: C.I.P.L.-C.I.E.R.G.A., 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Word frequency lists"
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Wallwork, Adrian. "Mini Grammar and Frequently Confused Words List." In English for Interacting on Campus, 197–233. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28734-8_15.
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Makagonov, Pavel, and Mikhail Alexandrov. "Empirical Formula for Testing Word Similarity and Its Application for Constructing a Word Frequency List." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 425–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45715-1_45.
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Borms, Samuel, Kris Boudt, Frederiek Van Holle, and Joeri Willems. "Semi-supervised Text Mining for Monitoring the News About the ESG Performance of Companies." In Data Science for Economics and Finance, 217–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66891-4_10.
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AbstractWe present a general monitoring methodology to summarize news about predefined entities and topics into tractable time-varying indices. The approach embeds text mining techniques to transform news data into numerical data, which entails the querying and selection of relevant news articles and the construction of frequency- and sentiment-based indicators. Word embeddings are used to achieve maximally informative news selection and scoring. We apply the methodology from the viewpoint of a sustainable asset manager wanting to actively follow news covering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects. In an empirical analysis, using a Dutch-written news corpus, we create news-based ESG signals for a large list of companies and compare these to scores from an external data provider. We find preliminary evidence of abnormal news dynamics leading up to downward score adjustments and of efficient portfolio screening.
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Markievicz, Irena, Daiva Vitkutė-Adžgauskienė, and Minija Tamošiūnaitė. "Ontology Learning in Practice." In E-Learning as a Socio-Cultural System, 158–71. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6154-7.ch009.
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This chapter presents research results, showing the use of ontology learning for knowledge grounding in e-learning environments. The established knowledge representation model is organized around actions, as the main elements linking the acquired knowledge with knowledge-based real-world activities. A framework for action ontology building from domain-specific corpus texts is suggested, utilizing different Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as collocation extraction, frequency lists, word space model, etc. The suggested framework employs additional knowledge sources of WordNet and VerbNet with structured linguistic and semantic information. Results from experiments with crawled chemical laboratory corpus texts are presented.
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"Creating and using A frequency dictionary of Contemporary American English: word sketches, collocates, and thematic lists." In Corpus-based Studies in Language Use, Language Learning, and Language Documentation, 283–97. Brill | Rodopi, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401206884_015.
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Utas, Bo. "Frequency Word-List." In A Persian Sufi Poem, 75–102. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315163901-3.
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"Word Frequency Use or Misuse?" In What's in a Word-list?, 37–54. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315547411-12.
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"Does Frequency Really Matter?" In What's in a Word-list?, 21–36. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315547411-11.
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"Word Frequency, Statistical Stylistics and Authorship Attribution." In What's in a Word-list?, 55–72. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315547411-13.
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"Section 1: Word Frequency List." In Lexical Tools to the Syriac New Testament, 1–34. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463207939-003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Word frequency lists"
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Zeng, Liren, and Ling Lin. "An Interactive Vocabulary Learning System Based on Word Frequency Lists and Ebbinghaus' Curve of Forgetting." In 2011 Workshop on Digital Media and Digital Content Management. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dmdcm.2011.71.
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Chernova, D. A., S. V. Alexeeva, and N. A. Slioussar. "WHAT DO WE LEARN FROM MISTAKES: PROCESSING DIFFICULTIES WITH FREQUENTLY MISSPELLED WORDS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-147-159.
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Even if we know how to spell, we often see words misspelled by other people — especially nowadays when we constantly read unedited texts on social media and in personal messages. In this paper, we present two experiments showing that the incidence of orthographic errors reduces the quality of lexical representations in the mental lexicon—even if one knows how to spell a word, repeated exposure to incorrect spellings blurs its orthographical representation and weakens the connection between form and meaning. As a result, it is more difficult to judge whether the word is spelled correctly, and — more surprisingly — it takes more time to read the word even when there are no errors. We show that when all other factors are balanced the effect of misspellings is more pronounced for the words with lower frequency. We compare our results with the only previous study addressing the problem of misspellings’ influence on the processing of correctly spelled words — it was conducted on the English data. It may be interesting to explore this issue in a cross-linguistic perspective. In this study, we turn to Russian, which differs from English by a more transparent orthography. Much larger corpora of unedited texts are available for English than for Russian, but, using a different way to estimate the incidence of misspellings, we obtained similar results and could also make some novel generalizations. In Experiment 1 we selected 44 words that are frequently misspelled and presented in two conditions (with or without spelling errors) and were distributed across two experimental lists. For every word, participants were asked to determine whether it is spelled correctly or not. The frequency of the word and the relative frequency of its misspelled occurrences significantly influenced the number of incorrect responses: not only it takes longer to read frequently misspelled words, it is also more difficult to decide whether they are spelled correctly. In Experiment 2 we selected 30 words from the materials of Experiment 1 and for every selected word, we found a pair that is matched for length and frequency, but is rarely misspelled due to its orthographic transparency. We used a lexical decision task, presenting these 60 words in the correct spelling, as well as 60 nonwords. We used LMMs for statistics. Firstly, the word type factor was significant: it takes more time to recognize a frequently misspelled word, which replicates the results obtained for English. Secondly, the interaction between the word type factor and the frequency factor was significant: the effect of misspellings was more pronounced for the words of lower frequency. We can conclude that high frequency words have more robust representations that resist blurring more efficiently than low frequency ones. Finally, we conducted a separate analysis showing that the number of incorrect responses in Experiment 1 correlates with RTs in Experiment 2. Thus, whether we consciously try to find an error or simply read words orthographic representations blurred due to exposure to frequent misspellings make the task more difficult.
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Stephen, Katherine, Laura Muir, and Hazel Hall. "Towards a definition of metaskills." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2010.
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Introduction: The term ‘metaskill’ has been used to mean a range of different types of information-based skill. This contribution describes the variation in use across disciplines and industries, and two distinct but related definitions are found. Method: Two hundred and ten scholarly papers were identified across the fields of psychology, work-based learning, education and information using key word searches. These papers are analysed for inclusion of definitions and examples of ‘metaskills’. Analysis: Comparisons are made to find similarities and disagreements within both definitions and examples. Excel is used to create word lists, and word clouds used to assess weight and frequency. Findings: Although some agreement can be found, there is no wide consensus. Two separate but related definitions emerge: that of a shorthand for ‘metacognitive skill’, and a broader ‘higher order’ technical skill type. Conclusions: Used as a buzzword in work-based learning literature, the idea of ‘metaskills’ seems to be an increasingly important part of lifelong learning. The two definitions that have emerged have some crossover, which may lead to confusion when designing skill development interventions. While formal education environments have traditionally been the source of participants for skill-based research, further work on the development of well-defined metaskills within the workplace is encouraged.
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Blinova, O. V., N. A. Tarasov, V. V. Modina, and I. S. Blekanov. "MODELING LEMMA FREQUENCY BANDS FOR LEXICAL COMPLEXITY ASSESSMENT OF RUSSIAN TEXTS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-76-92.
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The paper is devoted to the problem of modeling general-language frequency using data of large Russian corpora. Our goal is to develop a methodology for forming a consolidated frequency list which in the future can be used for assessing lexical complexity of Russian texts. We compared 4 frequency lists developed from 4 corpora (Russian National Corpus, ruTenTen11, Araneum Russicum III Maximum, Taiga). Firstly, we applied rank correlation analysis. Secondly, we used the measures “coverage” and “enrichment”. Thirdly, we applied the measure “sum of minimal frequencies”. We found that there are significant differences between the compared frequency lists both in ranking and in relative frequencies. The application of the “coverage” measure showed that frequency lists are by no means substitutable. Therefore, none of the corpora in question can be excluded when compiling a consolidated frequency list. For a more detailed comparison of frequency lists for different frequency bands, the ranked frequency list, based on RNC data, was divided into 4 equal parts. Then 4 random samples (containing 20 lemmas from each quartile) were formed. Due to the wide range of values, accepted by ipm measure, relative frequency values are difficult to interpret. In addition, there are no reliable thresholds separating high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency lemmas. Meanwhile, to assess the lexical complexity of texts, it is useful to have a convenient way of distributing lemmas with certain frequencies over the bands of the frequency list. Therefore, we decided to assign lemmas “Zipf-values”, which made the frequency data interpretable because the range of measure values is small. The result of our work will be a publicly accessible reference resource called “Frequentator”, which will allow to obtain interpretable information about the frequency of Russian words.
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Peng, Sheng-Lan. "Optimal Hash List for Word Frequency Analysis." In 2010 International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining (WISM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wism.2010.59.
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Trinh, Cam Lan. "Urbanization and Language Change in Vietnam: Evidence from a Rural Community in Hanoi." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.15-1.
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Language change and contact in Vietnam has recently intensified among some demographic groups. As such, certain sociolinguistic patterns help to describe these changes in language and society. This study is aimed at observing and measuring dialect change in Vietnam influenced by urbanization, with evidence from a rural community in Hanoi, a speech community in Xuan Canh commune, Dong Anh district. The study investigates the ways in which dialect change in this region has developed according to specific social and cultural factors. The Xuan Canh speech community evidences a narrowing usage of local variants. For its method, the study employs fieldwork, and subsequent quantitative methods to aid in the analysis. The data set includes 34 informants, randomly selected, which were categorized into certain social variables. The study also released 34 questionnaires, 11 recorded files of natural speech, from which emerged two sets of 34 recorded files of word lists and a text. The results indicate a gradual reduction in the frequency of use of local variants, a decrease in the number of lexical forms with rural characteristics, and an increase in certain types of urban variants. This trend can be seen by observing changing social variables sensitive to urbanization, such as youths, officials, students, and hence people who have out-community communication scope. Here, the quantitative correlations prove statistically significant. The state of dialect change in this community thus signifies a phenomenon common to Vietnamese rural communities under the effect of the urbanization; that is, a tendency following language urbanization in Vietnam.
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Malá, Markéta. "English and Czech children’s literature: A contrastive corpus-driven phraseological approach." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-8.
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The paper explores the recurrent linguistic patterns in English and Czech children’s narrative fiction and their textual functions. It combines contrastive phraseological research with corpus-driven methods, taking frequency lists and n-grams as its starting points. The analysis focuses on the domains of time, space and body language. The results reveal register-specific recurrent linguistic patterns which play a role in the constitution of the fictional world of children’s literature, specifying its temporal and spatial characteristics, and relating to the communication among the protagonists. The method used also points out typological differences between the patterns employed in the two languages, and the limitations of the n-gram based approach.
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Pierce, William H., and Ben T. Railsback. "Boom Lift Operator Protection From Stored Energy Hazards." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66743.
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Boom lifts are useful throughout a variety of industries, such as manufacturing, maintenance service, real estate management, and construction. Boom lifts are designed to allow operator mobility at high elevations and are often used as a substitute for traditional ladders, man-baskets on lift trucks and scaffolding. Although boom lifts are very practical and efficient in allowing personnel to work at high elevations and in areas with limited access, several known hazards exist with boom lifts such as falls, machine tipping, crushes, collapse of machine and electrocution. Although boom lift operator manuals and safety literature discuss the aforementioned hazards, they do not or incompletely discuss the hazard of suddenly released stored energy when stored energy is rapidly converted from potential energy to kinetic energy through the boom to the operator platform. One example of rapid conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy involves the boom lift driven over a sudden drop off such as a curb. A relatively low drop off can be amplified substantially by the lever arm of the boom, and as a result, the operator platform and operator(s) within, rapidly accelerate. A second example is when the operator platform is snagged on an external structure and continued hydraulic movement builds up potential energy within the boom. The buildup of potential energy can suddenly and unexpectedly release if the platform springs free from entanglement with the structure. Such release results in the boom, the platform, and the operator(s) rapidly accelerating. During the rapid acceleration experienced in both examples, operators can potentially be and have historically been violently thrown against the railing of the platform, ejected from the platform, and/or crushed by any nearby overhead obstacles. The purpose of this paper is to address, analytically quantify, and propose engineering solutions to guard against the sudden conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy on boom lifts. This hazard is currently not discussed or incompletely discussed in boom lift operator manuals and safety literature. Analytical techniques are used to quantify the rapid acceleration experienced by operator platforms and operators upon the sudden conversion of potential to kinetic energy in various scenarios. Further, the principles of safety engineering are utilized to determine methods to eliminate or reduce the frequency and severity of injuries associated with the sudden conversion of potential to kinetic energy on boom lifts. This engineering and safety engineering analysis demonstrates that the sudden conversion of energy on boom lifts can rapidly accelerate the operator platform and operator(s) within. Further, there are technologically feasible designs that protect operators against the sudden conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy on boom lifts. Such improved, safer designs are more effective at eliminating or reducing the frequency and severity of injuries than simply warning against the hazards.
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Schkoda, Ryan, Konstantin Bulgakov, Kalyan Chakravarthy Addepalli, and Imtiaz Haque. "System Level Dynamic Modeling Framework Being Developed at Clemson University’s Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing Facility." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3939.
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This paper describes the system level, dynamic modeling and simulation strategy being developed at the Wind Turbine Drivetrain Testing Facility (WTDTF) at Clemson University’s Restoration Institute in North Charleston, SC, USA. An extensible framework that allows various workflows has been constructed and used to conduct preliminary analysis of one of the facility’s test benches. The framework dictates that component and subsystem models be developed according to a list of identified needs and modeled in software best suited for the particular task. Models are then integrated according to the desired execution target. This approach allows for compartmentalized model development which is well suited for collaborative work. The framework has been applied to one of the test benches and has allowed researches to begin characterizing its behavior in the time and frequency domain.
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Matsuhisa, Hiroshi, and Osamu Nishihara. "Dynamic Vibration Absorber for a Ropeway Carrier." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-3944.
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Abstract Ropeways such as gondola lifts have attracted increasing interest as a means of transportation in cities. However, swing of ropeway carriers is easily caused by wind, and usually a ropeway cannot operate if the wind velocity exceeds about 15m/s. The study of how to reduce the wind-induced swing of ropeway carriers has attracted many researchers. It had been said that it was impossible to reduce the vibration of pendulum type structures such as ropeway carriers by a dynamic absorber. But in 1993, Matsuhisa showed that the swing of carrier can be reduced by a dynamic absorber if it is located far above or below from the center of oscillation. Based on this finding, a dynamic absorber composed of a moving mass on an arc-shaped track was designed for practical use, and it was installed in chairlift-type carriers and gondola type carriers in snow skiing sites in Japan in 1995 for the first time in the world. It has been shown that a dynamic absorber with the weight of one tenth of the carrier can reduce the swing to half. The liquid dynamic absorber was also investigated. It has the same damping effect as the conventional solid absorber. It is easy to adjust the natural frequency and the damping ratio, and the structure is simple. Therefore, it will be applied for not only ropeway carriers but also ships and rope suspended bridge and others.
Reports on the topic "Word frequency lists"
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.
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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.
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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, Md Al Adib Sarker, Pranesh Biswas, Sen Du, and Xianming Shi. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.
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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.