Relevant bibliographies by topics / Word order universals

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Word order universals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Word order universals"

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Payne, Doris L., and John A. Hawkins. "Word Order Universals." Language 61, no. 2 (1985): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414154.

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Aitchison, Jean. "Word order universals." Lingua 70, no. 2-3 (1986): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90039-2.

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Rijkhoff, Jan. "Word Order Universals Revisited." Functional Explanations in Linguistics 1 (January 1, 1986): 95–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.1.05rij.

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Merlo, Paola. "Predicting Word Order Universals." Journal of Language Modelling 3, no. 2 (2015): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v3i2.112.

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Campbell, Lyle, Vit Bubenik, and Leslie Saxon. "Word Order Universals: Refinements and Clarifications." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 33, no. 3 (1988): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100012962.

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Studies of word-order universals have had great impact in modern linguistics, thanks to Greenberg’s (1963) work and to Hawkins’s (1983) refinements. Greenberg’s conclusions were based on a sample of 30 languages “for more detailed information” and 142 languages “for certain limited cooccurrences of basic word order” (Hawkins 1983:xi; cf. Greenberg 1963:74–75). Hawkins expanded the 142 “to some 350 languages”, and for “between one-third and one-half of these supplementary data have been collected of the type that Greenberg listed in his 30-language sample” (Hawkins 1983:xi-xii). Hawkins propose
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Haspelmath, Martin, and Sven Siegmund. "Simulating the replication of some of Greenberg's word order generalizations." Linguistic Typology 10, no. 1 (2006): 74–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.830009.

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In this short contribution, we illustrate what a typological replicatio would look like by examining some of Greenberg’s (1963) word order generalizations in a range of different 30-language samples. This is not a real replication based on new data (which would have required a substantial amount of research, beyond the scope of this discussion note), but a “simulated” replication in that it is based on data gathered and published independently: Matthew Dryer’s word order data published as individual chapters of the <em>World Atlas of Language Structures </em>(<em>WALS). </em>Our little exercis
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Mulder, Jean. "The Viability of the Notion of Subject in Coast Tsimshian." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no. 2 (1989): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013281.

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The status of subject as a linguistic universals is commonly assumed. For example, the classification of the word order of a language as SVO, SOV, etc. presupposes the universal occurrence of subject; many language universale such as Mithun’s (1984) hierarchy for noun incorporation are stated in terms of subject; and, some theories such as Relational Grammar take subject as a primitive.
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Medeiros, David P. "Stack-Sorting Grammar." Nordlyd 48, no. 1 (2024): 59–91. https://doi.org/10.7557/12.7978.

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I propose that, within local domains corresponding to extended projections, typologically possible information-neutral word orders are limited to the stack-sortable (231-avoiding) permutations of a universal head-complement-specifier linear order. This proposal explains and unifies some well-known but previously unrelated word order universals, while successfully generating phenomena that challenge traditional approaches. Applications include Cinque’s revision of Greenberg’s Universal 20, the Final-Over-Final Condition, a modified Head Movement Constraint allowing attested Long Head Movement,
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Zverev, Alexander G. "Linguistic Universals in Legal Texts (English, French, and Russian)." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 5, no. 3 (2019): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2019-5-3-66-83.

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This article describes a study of legal texts (in English, French, and Russian) to confirm J. Greenberg’s linguistic universals № 11 and 14. The linguistic universal № 14 refers to the ordering of subject, object, and verb in a conditional clause. Anna Wierzbicka refers the predicate “if” (which forms the conditional) to the number of semantic primitives. The linguistic universal № 11 asserts in declarative sentences with nominal subject and object, the predominant dominant order has the subject followed by the object. This study revises some of the most important provisions set forth by J. Gr
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Hahn, Michael, Dan Jurafsky, and Richard Futrell. "Universals of word order reflect optimization of grammars for efficient communication." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 5 (2020): 2347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910923117.

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The universal properties of human languages have been the subject of intense study across the language sciences. We report computational and corpus evidence for the hypothesis that a prominent subset of these universal properties—those related to word order—result from a process of optimization for efficient communication among humans, trading off the need to reduce complexity with the need to reduce ambiguity. We formalize these two pressures with information-theoretic and neural-network models of complexity and ambiguity and simulate grammars with optimized word-order parameters on large-sca
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Word order universals"

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Ho, Pangus. "Analysis of word-order universals using Bayesian phylogenetic inference." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77015.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).<br>This thesis examines the novel approach by Dunn et al. (2011) that employs the Bayesian phylogenetic inference to compute the Bayes Factors that determine whether the evolutions of a set of word-order traits in four language families are correlated or independent. In the first part of the thesis, the phylogenetic trees of the Indo-European and Bantu language families are reconstructed
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Flynn, Michael J. "Structure building operations and word order." New York : Garland Pub, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12285682.html.

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Medeiros, David P. "ULTRA: Universal Grammar as a Universal Parser." FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627118.

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A central concern of generative grammar is the relationship between hierarchy and word order, traditionally understood as two dimensions of a single syntactic representation. A related concern is directionality in the grammar. Traditional approaches posit process-neutral grammars, embodying knowledge of language, put to use with infinite facility both for production and comprehension. This has crystallized in the view of Merge as the central property of syntax, perhaps its only novel feature. A growing number of approaches explore grammars with different directionalities, often with more direc
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Lozano-Pozo, Cristobal. "Universal grammar and focus constraints : the acquisition of pronouns and word order in non-native Spanish." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250066.

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Lotze, Johannes. "Translation of empire : Mongol legacy, language policy, and the early Ming world order, 1368-1453." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/translation-of-empire-mongol-legacy-language-policy-and-the-early-ming-world-order-13681453(3d6420a4-5c66-4ed9-8895-d291c9fae068).html.

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This thesis approaches two perennial and interrelated problems in the historiography of China - the question of the openness or self-isolation of (Ming) Chinese society, as well as the nature and extent of the Mongol legacy in the (early) Ming - from a new angle. In spite of a growing body of scholarship on political, military, and institutional aspects of the transition from 'foreign' Mongol Yuan (1271-1368) to 'native' Ming (1368-1644) rule, there is one aspect that has received little attention so far: language, or rather languages in the plural, and translation between them. By bringing th
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Frenzel, Stefanie. "Ruská kritika západního liberalismu za vlády Vladimira Putina." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387330.

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While most of the states have embraced capitalist market economy, liberal and democratic norms face resistance in large parts of the world. The \enquote{liberal West} under the leadership of the United States has to face critique of his democratization practices and alleged hypocrisy when dealing with the enforcement of its own norms. One of the loudest critics is Russia under President Vladimir Putin. The first objective of my thesis is to understand the rationale behind Russia's Foreign Policy because without that, no efficient and deescalating policies towards Russia can be developed. I do
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Schulz, Johannes Joagim Christoffel. "Bahai-geloof in Suid-Afrika : n' Godsdienswetenskaplike studie." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17696.

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Text in Afrikaans<br>Die Baha'i-geloof is 'n nuwe onafhanklike wereldreligie en is redelik onbekend onder die bree Suid-Afrikaanse publiek. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie (gebaseer op die fenomenologiese metode) het ten doel om die Baha'i-fenomeen op 'n nie-veroordelende wyse sander vooroordele te beskryf en om die Baha'is se eie Suid-Afrikaanse ervaring te registreer. Dit geskied eerstens deur 'n bespreking van die Baha'ise historiese gebeure (deel 1). Op hierdie wyse word die geloof in sy religieuse familiegroepering geplaas. Terselfdertyd verklaar hierdie deel die ontstaan en ontwikke
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Williams, Aaron Michael. "Shift gray codes." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1966.

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Combinatorial objects can be represented by strings, such as 21534 for the permutation (1 2) (3 5 4), or 110100 for the binary tree corresponding to the balanced parentheses (()()). Given a string s = s1 s2 sn, the right-shift operation shift(s, i, j) replaces the substring si si+1..sj by si+1..sj si. In other words, si is right-shifted into position j by applying the permutation (j j−1 .. i) to the indices of s. Right-shifts include prefix-shifts (i = 1) and adjacent-transpositions (j = i+1). A fixed-content language is a set of strings that contain the same multiset of symbols. Given a f
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Books on the topic "Word order universals"

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Headley, John M. Church, empire, and world: The quest for universal order, 1520-1640. Ashgate, 1997.

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Matthias, Philip. Psychosyncretism: Consciousness-raising to undergird the emerging new world order : a perfected global civilization : the new science of consciousness : a study of the basic, universal roots, development, and resolution of instinctual stresses. P. Matthias, 1994.

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Rüdiger, Wolfum, and Universität Kiel. Institut für Internationales Recht., eds. Strengthening the world order: Universalism v. regionalism : risks and opportunities of regionalization : symposium held on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Institute of International Law, Kiel, May 17 to 20, 1989. Duncker & Humblot, 1990.

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Hawkins, John A. Word Order Universals. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2014.

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Balibar, Etienne. On Universals. Translated by Joshua David Jordan. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288564.001.0001.

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Many on the Left have looked upon “universal” as a dirty word, one that signals liberalism's failure to recognize the masculinist and Eurocentric assumptions from which it proceeds. In rejecting universalism, we have learned to reorient politics around particulars, positionalities, identities, immanence, and multiple modernities. This book builds on these critiques of the tacit exclusions of Enlightenment thought, while at the same time working to rescue and reinvent what universal claims can offer for a revolutionary politics answerable to the common. In the contemporary quarrel of universals
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Wolfrum, Rüdiger, ed. Strengthening the World Order: Universalism v. Regionalism. Duncker & Humblot, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-46925-3.

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Reidy, David A., Rex Martin, Alistair MacLeod, Mortimer N. Sellers, and Kenneth Henley. Universal Human Rights: Moral Order in a Divided World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2005.

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Universal Credit (Work-Related Requirements) in Work Pilot Scheme (Extension) Order 2023. Stationery Office, The, 2023.

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Britain, Great. Universal Credit (Work-Related Requirements) in Work Pilot Scheme (Extension) Order 2020. Stationery Office, The, 2020.

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Britain, Great. Universal Credit (Work-Related Requirements) in Work Pilot Scheme (Extension) Order 2019. Stationery Office, The, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Word order universals"

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Elerick, Charles. "Phenotypic Linearization in Latin, word order universals, and language change." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.28.08ele.

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Mithun, Marianne. "Is basic word order universal?" In Pragmatics of Word Order Flexibility. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.22.02mit.

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Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. "Universal Grammar and Word Order." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1898-6_1.

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Mithun, Marianne. "Is basic word order universal?" In Typological Studies in Language. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.11.14mit.

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Fanselow, Gisbert. "German Word Order and Universal Grammar." In Natural Language Parsing and Linguistic Theories. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1337-0_12.

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Safranchuk, Ivan. "Globalisation and the Decline of Universalism." In Hegemony and World Order. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003037231-4.

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Chou, Chih-P’ing. "Asia and the Universal World Order." In English Writings of Hu Shih. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33164-0_30.

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Kidwai, Ayesha. "Word Order and Focus Positions in Universal Grammar." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.24.08kid.

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Howe, Timothy. "Ptolemy I, the Adversary, and Egyptian Royal Literature: “Restoring” a New World Order." In Universal- und kulturhistorische Studien. Studies in Universal and Cultural History. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-45090-8_8.

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Goodall, Grant. "X'-internal word order in Mandarin Chinese and universal grammar." In Theory and Experiment in Syntax. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003160144-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Word order universals"

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Kuribayashi, Tatsuki, Ryo Ueda, Ryo Yoshida, Yohei Oseki, Ted Briscoe, and Timothy Baldwin. "Emergent Word Order Universals from Cognitively-Motivated Language Models." In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.781.

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Baylor, Emi, Esther Ploeger, and Johannes Bjerva. "Multilingual Gradient Word-Order Typology from Universal Dependencies." In Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.eacl-short.6.

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Attarakih, Menwer, Mark W. Hlawitschka, Linda Al-Hmoud, and and Hans-J�rg Bart. "Unveiling Probability Histograms from Random Signals using a Variable-Order Quadrature Method of Moments." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.148742.

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Random signals are crucial in chemical and process engineering, where industrial plants generate big data that can be used for process understanding and decision-making. This makes it necessary to unveil the underlying probability histograms from these signals with a finite number of bins. However, the search for the optimal number of bins is still based on empirical optimisation and general rules of thumb. In this work, we introduce an alternative and general method to unveil probability histograms. Our method employs a novel variable-order QMOM, which adapts automatically based on the releva
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Liu, Jialin, Wenwen Dou, Ru Jia, et al. "Desulfovibrio Vulgaris Corroded X65 Carbon Steel and Copper with Two Different Types of MIC Mechanisms." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10586.

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Abstract This study demonstrates that the mechanisms of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a sulfate reducing bacterium (SRB), against X65 carbon steel and pure copper belong to two different types of MIC. Type I MIC involves extracellular electron transfer across cell walls of sessile cells in biofilms. This type of MIC is also called extracellular electron transfer MIC (EET-MIC). Type II MIC, also known as metabolite MIC (M-MIC), is caused by secreted corrosive metabolites that are more concentrated locally under a biofilm. The corrosive metabolites secre
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Gerdes, Kim, Sylvain Kahane, and Xinying Chen. "Rediscovering Greenberg’s Word Order Universals in UD." In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Universal Dependencies (UDW, SyntaxFest 2019). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-8015.

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Kirby, Simon, Jennifer Culbertson, and Marieke Schouwstra. "The origins of word order universals: Evidence from corpus statistics and silent gesture." In The Evolution of Language. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Evolution of Language (Evolang12). Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/3991-1.051.

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Mishatkina, T. V. "BIOETHICS: NEW PARADIGMS IN A CHANGING WORLD." In Uzbekistan and Central Asia: Current Social and Humanitarian Issues 21st Century Science, Integration and Future Trends. National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek Faculty of Social Sciences Department of "Philosophy and Logic", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/conf/28052020_1-1.

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The concept of global bioethics, which, according to its founder V.R. Potter, all-encompassing, all-embracing, total, universal character, orients scientists towards solving global problems facing humanity, towards that the norms and principles of bioethics should be extended to the entire biosphere in order to regulate and control human intervention in the area of ​​various manifestations of life.
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Kive, Solmaz. "The Order of the World in James Fergusson’s Histories of Architecture." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.82.

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James Fergusson created one of the earliest comprehensive narratives that systematically incorporated non-Western traditions within the history of European architecture. Although it was later overshadowed by Banister Fletcher’s A History of Architecture, Fergusson’s work played a significant role in establishing the common structure of future survey books. Fergusson’s history of architecture (first appeared in 1849) was shaped through three different versions. Throughout these three versions, he explored different methods of groupings, exclusions, and distortions in order to create a comprehen
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Inagaki, Takahiro, Tadaaki Nasu, Minoru Takeshige, Motofumi Iwata, and Naoto Nakane. "Reduced Order Modeling Technology with AI for Model-Based-Development." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2850.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper introduces reduced-order modeling techniques with Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Model-Based Development (MBD). In vehicle development, detailed physical models are replaced by reduced-order models (ROM) to expedite simulations. With recent advancements in AI-based reduced-order modeling, it is expected that modeling work will become more efficient, leading to reduced simulation times. However, the range of simulations (Model-in-the-Loop Simulation - MILS, Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation - HILS, bench-system
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Chisari-Lungu, Oxana. "The right to work of people with disabilities between legal regulations and reality." In Conferința științifică națională cu participare internațională "Integrare prin cercetare și inovare", dedicată Zilei Internaționale a Științei pentru Pace și Dezvoltare. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/spd2024j.27.

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Achieving the right to work by people with disabilities is one of the basic elements that conditions the social inclusion of these categories of people. The option to work or not to work, to choose the place of work and the profession is a universal one, also applying to people with disabilities. Limiting the right to work of people with disabilities can only be done by the competent bodies in order to protect them and not expose them to dangerous working conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Word order universals"

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Redmond, Paul, Seamus McGuinness, and Klavs Ciprikis. A universal basic income for Ireland: Lessons from the international literature. ESRI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs146.

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A universal basic income (UBI) is defined as a universal, unconditional cash payment that is made regularly, is sufficient to live on, is not means tested, carries no work requirements and is paid on an individual basis. This study examines the international evidence on universal basic incomes and identifies key issues for consideration in the design of any UBI pilot for Ireland. Despite the mainstream interest in UBI as a potential policy tool, relatively little is known about the associated consequences of such policies. Even the definition of a UBI appears to be poorly understood and is oft
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Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.

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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in lead
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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature
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Tyson, Paul. Orchestrated Irrationality: Why It Exists and How It Might Be Resisted. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp13en.

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Orchestrated irrationality in our public discourse is produced by technologically enhanced and commercially purposed atomization and tribalism. Public discourse now leans away from a humane, free, and reasoned political rationality and towards self-interested, calculative, herd conformism. The bulls and bears of consumer society have largely displaced the civic logic of the liberal democratic pursuit of the common good. The power interests that govern global consumerism are enhanced by subordinating the common good ends of genuinely political life to the self-interested and profit driven dynam
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Aydın, Mehmet Emin, and Mete Tayanç, eds. MİKROPLASTİKLER, ENDOKRİN BOZUCULAR VE ÇEVRESEL ETKİLERİ. TÜRKİYE BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-95-5.

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Increasing population growth and high living standards, coupled with high consumption of energy and raw materials, result in a variety of emissions and waste that pollute the environment and pose a serious threat to the environment and health if not disposed of effectively. Pollution of the environment with plastic wastes and endocrine disruptors is one of the most important environmental problems affecting today's societies and nature. The Turkish Academy of Sciences, Environment, Biodiversity and Climate Change Working Group organized the "Workshop on Micro plastics, Endocrine Disruptors and
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Yablonskyy, Maxym. «NEW DAYS» WEEKLY AND PETRO VOLYNIAK, PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11058.

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In the article on the material of the Salzburg weekly «New Days» (1945–1947) various spheres of activity of Peter Volyniak are presented. It is noted that this edition was a business card of the publishing house of the same name and had a history of continuation: in Toronto Petro Volyniak restored the publishing house of the same name and continued the publication in the format of the universal monthly «New Days» (1950–1969). The article also presents periodicals («Latest News», «New Days», «Timpani», «Our Way») and literary, artistic and scientific collection «Steering Wheel», which were publ
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7

Pritchett, Lant, Kirsty Newman, and Jason Silberstein. Focus to Flourish: Five Actions to Accelerate Progress in Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2022/07.

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There is a severe global learning crisis. While nearly all children start school, far too many do not learn even the most foundational skills of reading, writing, and basic mathematics during the years they spend there. The urgent need to address this crisis requires no elaborate reasoning. If one starts with love for a child, a human universal, it is easy to see that in the modern world a child’s dignity, self-worth, and freedom to define their own destiny require an adequate education. An adequate education is what will then enable that child to lead a full adult life as a parent, community
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8

Thy, Savrin, Tong Ly, and Sokunthy Ean. Cambodian Upper Secondary School Education amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2023. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.137.202305.

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The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Its presence has created significant disturbances across society and particularly within education. On 16 March 2020, as a preventative measure against the spread of COVID-19, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) decided to close all educational institutions. However, in an effort to continue providing education services to students, the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS) alongside relevant stakeholders made significant efforts to adopt distance
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