Academic literature on the topic 'Word semantics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Word semantics"
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Antoniová, Vesna Kalafus. "An onomasiological approach to nominal compound semantics." Word Structure 13, no. 3 (November 2020): 316–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0174.
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This paper addresses the semantics of compounding from an onomasiological point of view. It reports on the results of a corpus-based study of 500 English N+N compounds, the primary goal of which is to delimit a set of onomasiological structure rules on the basis of the admissible and inadmissible combinations of cognitive categories at the onomasiological level. The question of the semantics of nominal compounds has been considered in a number of theoretical frameworks; nevertheless, the difficulties related to the interpretation of N+N compounds have not been satisfactorily clarified. The application of the onomasiological approach to nominal compound semantics proves powerful as it sheds more light on the meaning relationships between constituents of these units. At the same time, it allows for the identification of the tendencies for the coinage of N+N compounds based on their internal semantic structure and narrows down the number of possible combinations of semantic categories thereby increasing the meaning predictability of this compound type.
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Karttunen, Lauri. "Word Play." Computational Linguistics 33, no. 4 (December 2007): 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.2007.33.4.443.
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This article is a perspective on some important developments in semantics and in computational linguistics over the past forty years. It reviews two lines of research that lie at opposite ends of the field: semantics and morphology. The semantic part deals with issues from the 1970s such as discourse referents, implicative verbs, presuppositions, and questions. The second part presents a brief history of the application of finite-state transducers to linguistic analysis starting with the advent of two-level morphology in the early 1980s and culminating in successful commercial applications in the 1990s. It offers some commentary on the relationship, or the lack thereof, between computational and paper-and-pencil linguistics. The final section returns to the semantic issues and their application to currently popular tasks such as textual inference and question answering.
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Rosenberg, Maria. "Semantic structure and meaning within agentive nominal compounds: Evidence from French and Swedish." Word Structure 3, no. 2 (October 2010): 181–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2010.0004.
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This study addresses agentive nominal compounds in French and Swedish containing N and V constituents. French has only one such compound, VN, whereas Swedish has at least four, NV-are, NV-a, NV and VN. The study explores the semantic characteristics of their constituents and their semantic structures. Formal aspects are also considered within a lexeme-based morphology. The analysis shows that, although French and Swedish compounds differ formally, they share more or less the same semantics. Their V constituent takes one or more arguments, and their N constituents display several semantic roles. Semantically, the compounds generally denote an Actor of verbs taking two arguments, and the N constituents denote an Undergoer, except in Swedish VN compounds, which denote an entity which fills the same role as that of the N constituent, generally an Actor. Non argumental interpretations, such as Place or Event, are less frequent. In conclusion, the study can have typological value for the semantics of agentive nominal compounds.1
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O. Anokhina, Tetiana, Olena M. Mashkina, Khrystyna B. Melko, Yuliia I. Poznikhirenko, and Natalia O. Teslenko. "Peripheral Semantics of the Word as a Marker of the National Picture of the World." Asian Journal of University Education 17, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.12692.
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Previous studies emphasized that there is a close connection between speech and thinking. The paper analyses the peripheral semantics of the German language's active vocabulary units to define how they represent the features of the national, linguistic picture of the world, namely, the mental traits of the German ethnos. Semantic methods and the extrapolation methods of typical secondary values on non-nonmental characteristics are used mainly; the comparative method was partially used. The contextual method was used as an auxiliary method for illustrating common ethical, aesthetic, and pragmatic guidelines (presuppositions) and stereotypes. The paper carried out: a) semantic analysis of peripheral lexical-semantic variants of arbitrarily and expediently selected notional parts of speech; b) comparison of peripheral semantics of similar words of German and Russian languages against the background of the Russian language; c) clarification of ethnoculturological connotation of individual Germanisms found in the Russian language. The article proves that peripheral semantics in its lexico-semantic, semasiological, and lexicographical understanding expresses key symptom complexes of German mentality, which can be expressed by concepts order, accuracy, family, wealth, quality, practicism and etc. It is found that the German linguistic picture of the world in comparison with the Russian one the material is marked by the minimalism of estimated values, practical orientation and is alluded to bookish style.
Keywords: Additional denotative meanings, Linguoculturology, Semantics, Stereotypes, Symptomatic complexes of mentality
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Koreneva, Yulia V. "Semantic volume of the word Conviction in the Words and Homilies of the Russian saints of the 20th century." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 10, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-3-665-672.
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For the first time the article analyzes the semantics of the word conviction in the words and teachings of Russian saints of the twentieth century. The material is extracted from symphonies in the works of saints and from collections of sayings of Russian elders of the twentieth century. The article analyzes the semantics of the use of this word in religious texts as the implementation of religious discourse in comparison with the codified meaning of modern dictionaries. It is shown that the lexeme conviction is included in the etymological-word formative nest of semantics of different words in the modern Russian language ( court, judge, condemn, reason, judgment, fate, judicial , etc.) of the Indo-European root *dhe- (: *-dh-o: *dh-i-) with the semantics of establishment, action, and in addition with the prefix su- , which means combining or mixing, has negative appraisal and is Church Slavism in the Russian language not only by phonetic and orthographic signs, but primarily by semantic signs. The semantic difference in the religious and non-religious use of this word in the Russian and Church Slavonic language element is in the significative side, since in the Orthodox concept-sphere and the Russian religious discourse, conviction is associated with a number of conceptual ideas about the inner life of a person. Conviction is semantized as a destructive state of a person, violating the integrity of his personality and alienating him from God (the article identifies at least three semantic-cognitive features). Such semantic content clearly differs from lexicographical data in modern language, therefore the meaning of a word in Church Slavonic text space is understood as basic, and modern usage is understood as a narrowing of the original semantics.
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Averina, A. "The Syntactic and Semantiс Properties of Modal Words in German." Philology at MGIMO 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-1-25-5-14.
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The aim of the article is to examine the semantic and syntactic properties of modal words in German. The paper analyzes the types of modal semantics which are encoded in modal words; the peculiarities of the syntactic use of modal words are shown; the relationship between the type of modal semantics and their syntactic use is revealed, and the question which words with evaluative semantics can be classified as modal is considered. The relevance of this kind of work is determined by the following circumstances: firstly, it is necessary to describe the syntax and the semantics of modal words and their grammar features; secondly, it is important to reveal the relationship between modality and evaluativity and, thirdly, to define the conditions under which modal words can encode not one but several modal meanings. By using the transformation method and the method of component analysis the following groups of modal words were identified: modal words with alethic semantics; modal words with epistemic semantics; modal words with evidential semantics. Some modal words build separate groups: The modal word angeblich has evidential semantics, because it indicates the third person as a source of information; the modal word wahrscheinlich can have epistemic or evidential or alethic and evidential semantics; the modal word leider is able to express an emotional attitude of the speaker. The identification of different types of modal words is possible through the research of their syntactic properties, namely: the usage in dependent object clauses with the epistemic and factive predicate in the matrix clause; in conditional sentences as well as the ability to have independent usage as an answer to a question without a question word.
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Bär, Jochen A. "Methoden historischer Semantik am Beispiel Max Webers – Teil 2." Glottotheory 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glot-2015-0001.
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AbstractThe paper discusses methods of historical semantics (word semantics and conceptual semantics). The example of the concept ‹Geist› of Max Weber will show means by which the linguistic description of complex semantic phenomena (transcending the level of single words) can be captured and described. Based on the original works of Max Weber, the concept ‹Geist› will be approached in three steps: investigation of the single word (the lexeme)
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Lapesa, Gabriella, Lea Kawaletz, Ingo Plag, Marios Andreou, Max Kisselew, and Sebastian Padó. "Disambiguation of newly derived nominalizations in context: A Distributional Semantics approach." Word Structure 11, no. 3 (November 2018): 277–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0131.
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One of the central problems in the semantics of derived words is polysemy (see, for example, the recent contributions by Lieber 2016 and Plag et al. 2018 ). In this paper, we tackle the problem of disambiguating newly derived words in context by applying Distributional Semantics ( Firth 1957 ) to deverbal -ment nominalizations (e.g. bedragglement, emplacement).We collected a dataset containing contexts of low frequency deverbal -ment nominalizations (55 types, 406 tokens, see Appendix B) extracted from large corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. We chose low frequency derivatives because high frequency formations are often lexicalized and thus tend to not exhibit the kind of polysemous readings we are interested in. Furthermore, disambiguating low-frequency words presents an especially difficult task because there is little to no prior knowledge about these words from which their semantic properties can be extrapolated.The data was manually annotated according to eventive vs. non-eventive interpretations, allowing also an ambiguous label in those cases where the context did not disambiguate. Our question then was to what extent, and under which conditions, context-derived representations such as those of Distributional Semantics can be successfully employed in the disambiguation of low-frequency derivatives.Our results show that, first, our models are able to distinguish between eventive and non-eventive readings with some success. Second, very small context windows are sufficient to find the intended interpretation in the majority of cases. Third, ambiguous instances tend to be classified as events. Fourth, the performance of the classifier differed for different subcategories of nouns, with non-eventive derivatives being harder to classify correctly. We present indirect evidence that this is due to the semantic similarity of abstract non-eventive nouns to eventive nouns. Overall, this paper demonstrates that distributional semantic models can be fruitfully employed for the disambiguation of low frequency words in spite of the scarcity of available contextual information.1
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Shajalal, Md, and Masaki Aono. "Semantic textual similarity between sentences using bilingual word semantics." Progress in Artificial Intelligence 8, no. 2 (March 9, 2019): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13748-019-00180-4.
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Relander, Kristiina, Pia Rämä, and Teija Kujala. "Word Semantics Is Processed Even without Attentional Effort." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 8 (August 2009): 1511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21127.
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We examined the attentional modulation of semantic priming and the N400 effect for spoken words. The aim was to find out how the semantics of spoken language is processed when attention is directed to another modality (passive task), to the phonetics of spoken words (phonological task), or to the semantics of spoken words (word task). Equally strong behavioral priming effects were obtained in the phonological and the word tasks. A significant N400 effect was found in all tasks. The effect was stronger in the word and the phonological tasks than in the passive task, but there was no difference in the magnitude of the effect between the phonological and the word tasks. The latency of the N400 effect did not differ between the tasks. Although the N400 effect had a centroparietal maximum in the phonological and the word tasks, it was largest at the parietal recording sites in the passive task. The effect was more pronounced at the left than right recording sites in the phonological task, but there was no laterality effect in the other tasks. The N400 effect in the passive task indicates that semantic priming occurs even when spoken words are not actively attended. However, stronger N400 effect in the phonological and the word tasks than in the passive task suggests that controlled processes modulate the N400 effect. The finding that there were no differences in the N400 effect between the phonological and the word tasks indicates that the semantics of attended spoken words is processed regardless of whether semantic processing is relevant for task performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Word semantics"
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Dolena, Alexis Lynn. "Uncovering the "slow mapping" process of word learning through word definition and word association tasks." Click here for download, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1212794661&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Shebani, Zubaida Soliman. "Semantic word category processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610751.
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Lau, Ka-po Natalie, and 劉家寶. "Semantic interference of Chinese words in the picture-word interference task." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007597.
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Grover, Ishaan. "A semantics based computational model for word learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120694.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-77).
Studies have shown that children's early literacy skills can impact their ability to achieve academic success, attain higher education and secure employment later in life. However, lack of resources and limited access to educational content causes a "knowledge gap" between children that come from different socio-economic backgrounds. To solve this problem, there has been a recent surge in the development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) to provide learning benefits to children. However, before providing new content, an ITS must assess a child's existing knowledge. Several studies have shown that children learn new words by forming semantic relationships with words they already know. Human tutors often implicitly use semantics to assess a tutee's word knowledge from partial and noisy data. In this thesis, I present a cognitively inspired model that uses word semantics (semantics-based model) to make inferences about a child's vocabulary from partial information about their existing vocabulary. Using data from a one-to-one learning intervention between a robotic tutor and 59 children, I show that the proposed semantics-based model outperforms (on average) models that do not use word semantics (semantics-free models). A subject level analysis of results reveals that different models perform well for different children, thus motivating the need to combine predictions. To this end, I present two methods to combine predictions from semantics-based and semantics-free models and show that these methods yield better predictions of a child's vocabulary knowledge. Finally, I present an application of the semantics-based model to evaluate if a learning intervention was successful in teaching children new words while enhancing their semantic understanding. More concretely, I show that a personalized word learning intervention with a robotic tutor is better suited to enhance children's vocabulary when compared to a non-personalized intervention. These results motivate the use of semantics-based models to assess children's knowledge and build ITS that maximize children's semantic understanding of words.
"This research was supported by NSF IIP-1717362 and NSF IIS-1523118"--Page 10.
by Ishaan Grover.
S.M.
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Taylor, Maureen Deirdre. "Word grammar and the semantics of compound nouns." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28840/.
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This investigation is a mentalistic inquiry into the study of semantic structure for compound nouns in English. The phenomenon of compounding entails competence in both semantic and pragmatic aspects of knowledge. These two aspects of language are generally described by separate grammatical models with the result that traditional analyses have been unable to provide a descriptively adequate account of the meanings of English compound nouns. This inquiry adopts the grammatical model of Word Grammar which incorporates a systematic representation of grammatical competence within a model of performance. The underlying hypothesis of this model is that all prepositional content of language is organised in relation to the word. Therefore, no unit larger than the word itself is required to describe the production and comprehension of compound constituency. The inclusion of pragmatic competence into the framework introduces an indeterminate feature in terms of experiential knowledge but this is offset by knowledge of the word as a common denominator with which all knowledge is projected. It is shown that Word Grammar's mentalistic framework provides an observationally adequate description of speaker competence for the meanings of compound nouns and an alternative approach that offers a credible description of the interrelation between semantic and pragmatic knowledge exploited in the comprehension of compound noun meaning.
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Burton, Marilyn Elizabeth. "Semantics of glory : a cognitive, corpus-based approach to Hebrew word meaning." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9573.
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The concept of ‘glory’ is one of the most significant themes in the Hebrew Bible, lying at the heart of God’s self-disclosure in biblical revelation. Yet, while the concept has received theological treatment, and while various relevant Hebrew roots have individually benefited from linguistic survey, the group of lexemes surrounding this concept is as yet untouched by a comprehensive semantic study. Through indepth semantic study this thesis offers a clearer understanding of the interrelations and differences between the Classical Hebrew lexemes centring around the concept of ‘glory’. The first chapter opens with a critical examination of both structuralist and cognitivist approaches to semantic research, focussing particularly on their historical use and current applicability to the study of ancient languages. It outlines the superior claims of cognitive semantics accurately to model patterns of language usage, addressing the challenges inherent in the application of such an approach to ancient language. The proposed methodology is characterised as cognitive in nature, focussed on both lexical interrelations (relational) and the internal composition of lexemes (decompositional), exhaustive in relating lexemes to each other point by point, and based on the entirety of the Classical Hebrew corpus. Finally, this chapter discusses issues relating to the limited, diachronic and fragmentary nature of the Classical Hebrew corpus. The second chapter delineates the boundaries of the semantic domain of כבוד . It opens with a methodological discussion introducing parallel terms and word pairs as valuable tools in the objective identification of semantically related terms. Proposing the theory that members of a semantic domain will regularly co-occur, it systematically analyses firstly the extant word associations of כבוד itself and secondly of those lexemes recurring in association with it, accepting or rejecting each as a member of its semantic domain on the basis of word associations. This process results in the identification of eleven lexemes as members of the semantic domain of The concept of ‘glory’ is one of the most significant themes in the Hebrew Bible, lying at the heart of God’s self-disclosure in biblical revelation. Yet, while the concept has received theological treatment, and while various relevant Hebrew roots have individually benefited from linguistic survey, the group of lexemes surrounding this concept is as yet untouched by a comprehensive semantic study. Through indepth semantic study this thesis offers a clearer understanding of the interrelations and differences between the Classical Hebrew lexemes centring around the concept of ‘glory’. The first chapter opens with a critical examination of both structuralist and cognitivist approaches to semantic research, focussing particularly on their historical use and current applicability to the study of ancient languages. It outlines the superior claims of cognitive semantics accurately to model patterns of language usage, addressing the challenges inherent in the application of such an approach to ancient language. The proposed methodology is characterised as cognitive in nature, focussed on both lexical interrelations (relational) and the internal composition of lexemes (decompositional), exhaustive in relating lexemes to each other point by point, and based on the entirety of the Classical Hebrew corpus. Finally, this chapter discusses issues relating to the limited, diachronic and fragmentary nature of the Classical Hebrew corpus. The second chapter delineates the boundaries of the semantic domain of כבוד . It opens with a methodological discussion introducing parallel terms and word pairs as valuable tools in the objective identification of semantically related terms. Proposing the theory that members of a semantic domain will regularly co-occur, it systematically analyses firstly the extant word associations of כבוד itself and secondly of those lexemes recurring in association with it, accepting or rejecting each as a member of its semantic domain on the basis of word associations. This process results in the identification of eleven lexemes as members of the semantic domain of The concept of ‘glory’ is one of the most significant themes in the Hebrew Bible, lying at the heart of God’s self-disclosure in biblical revelation. Yet, while the concept has received theological treatment, and while various relevant Hebrew roots have individually benefited from linguistic survey, the group of lexemes surrounding this concept is as yet untouched by a comprehensive semantic study. Through indepth semantic study this thesis offers a clearer understanding of the interrelations and differences between the Classical Hebrew lexemes centring around the concept of ‘glory’. The first chapter opens with a critical examination of both structuralist and cognitivist approaches to semantic research, focussing particularly on their historical use and current applicability to the study of ancient languages. It outlines the superior claims of cognitive semantics accurately to model patterns of language usage, addressing the challenges inherent in the application of such an approach to ancient language. The proposed methodology is characterised as cognitive in nature, focussed on both lexical interrelations (relational) and the internal composition of lexemes (decompositional), exhaustive in relating lexemes to each other point by point, and based on the entirety of the Classical Hebrew corpus. Finally, this chapter discusses issues relating to the limited, diachronic and fragmentary nature of the Classical Hebrew corpus. The second chapter delineates the boundaries of the semantic domain of כבוד . It opens with a methodological discussion introducing parallel terms and word pairs as valuable tools in the objective identification of semantically related terms. Proposing the theory that members of a semantic domain will regularly co-occur, it systematically analyses firstly the extant word associations of כבוד itself and secondly of those lexemes recurring in association with it, accepting or rejecting each as a member of its semantic domain on the basis of word associations. This process results in the identification of eleven lexemes as members of the semantic domain of כבוד.
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Bose, Sougata. "On decision problems on word transducers with origin semantics." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0073.
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La sémantique d'origine pour les transducteurs de mots a été introduite par Bojańczyk en 2014 afin d'obtenir une caractérisation indépendante de la machine pour les fonctions mot à mot définies par les transducteurs. Notre objectif principal était d'étudier certains problèmes de décision classiques pour les transducteurs dans la sémantique d'origine, tels que le problème d'inclusion et d'équivalence. Nous avons montré que ces problèmes deviennent décidables dans la sémantique d'origine, même si la version classique est indécidable.Motivé par l'observation que la sémantique d'origine est plus fine que la sémantique classique, nous avons défini les resynchroniseurs comme un moyen de décrire les distorsions d'origine et d'étudier les problèmes ci-dessus de manière relaxée. Nous avons étendu le modèle des resynchroniseurs rationnels, introduit par Filiot et al. pour les transducteurs unidirectionnels, aux resynchroniseurs réguliers, qui fonctionnent pour des classes de transducteurs plus grandes.Nous avons étudié les deux variantes du problème d’inclusion relative à une resynchronisation, qui demande si un transducteur est contenu dans un autre jusqu'à une distorsion spécifiée par un resynchroniseur. Nous avons montré que le problème peut être résolu lorsque le resynchroniseur fait partie de l'entrée. Lorsque le resynchroniseur n'est pas spécifié dans l'entrée, nous avons cherché à synthétiser un tel resynchroniseur, chaque fois que cela était possible. Nous appelons cela le problème de synthèse pour les resynchroniseurs et nous montrons qu'il est indécidable en général. Nous avons identifié quelques cas restreints où le problème devient décidable. Nous avons également étudié le problème de resynchronisabilité unidirectionnelle, qui demande si un transducteur bidirectionnel donné est resynchronisable dans un transducteur unidirectionnel, et nous avons montré que ce problème est également décidableThe origin semantics for word transducers was introduced by Bojańczyk in 2014 in order to obtain a machine-independent characterization for word-to-word functions defined by transducers. Our primary goal was to study some classical decision problems for transducers in the origin semantics, such as the containment and the equivalence problem. We showed that these problems become decidable in the origin semantics, even though the classical version is undecidable.Motivated by the observation that the origin semantics is more fine-grained than classical semantics, we defined resynchronizers as a way to describe distortions of origins, and to study the above problems in a more relaxed way. We extended the model of rational resynchronizers, introduced by Filiot et al. for one-way transducers, to regular resynchronizers, which work for larger classes of transducers.We studied the two variants of the containment up to resynchronizer problem, which asks if a transducer is contained in another up to a distortion specified by a resynchronizer. We showed that the problem is decidable when the resynchronizer is given as part of the input. When the resynchronizer is not specified in the input, we aimed to synthesize such a resynchronizer, whenever possible. We call this the synthesis problem for resynchronizers and show that it is undecidable in general. We identified some restricted cases when the problem becomes decidable. We also studied the one-way resynchronizability problem, which asks whether a given two-way transducer is resynchronizable in a one-way transducer, and showed that this problem is decidable as well
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Forse, Jessica Amy. "The conceptual semantics of word formation : a romance perspective." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678457.
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Neff, Kathryn Joan Eggers. "Neural net models of word representation : a connectionist approach to word meaning and lexical relations." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/832999.
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This study examines the use of the neural net paradigm as a modeling tool to represent word meanings. The neural net paradigm, also called "connectionism" and "parallel distributed processing," provides a new metaphor and vocabulary for representing the structure of the mental lexicon. As a research method applied to the componential analysis of word meanings, the neural net approach has one primary advantage over the traditional introspective method: freedom from the investigator's personal biases.The connectionist method is illustrated in this thesis with an extensive examination of the meanings of the words "cup" and "mug." These words have been studied previously by Labov (1973), Wierzbicka (1985), Andersen (1975), and Kempton (1978), using very different methods.The neural net models developed in this study are based on empirical data acquired through interviews with nine informants who classified 37 objects, 37 photographs, and 37 line drawings as "cups," "mugs," or "neither." These responses were combined with a data file representing the coded attributes of each object, to construct neural net models which reflect each informant's classification process.In the neural net models, the "cup" and "mug" features are interconnected with positive and negative weights that represent the association strengths of the features. When the connection weights are set so that they reflect the informants' responses, the neural net models can account for the extreme discrepancies in object-naming among informants, and the models can also account for the inconsistent classifications of each individual informant with respect to the mode of presentation (drawing, photograph, or actual object). Further, the neural net modelscan predict classifications for novel objects with an accuracy varying from 82% to 100%.By examining the connection weight patterns within the neural net model, it is possible to discover the "cup" and "mug" features which are most salient for each informant, and for the informants collectively. This analysis shows that each informant has acquired internal meanings for the words "cup" and "mug" which are unique to the individual, although there is considerable overlap with respect to the most salient features.Department of English
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Sinha, Ravi Som Mihalcea Rada F. "Graph-based centrality algorithms for unsupervised word sense disambiguation." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9736.
Full textBooks on the topic "Word semantics"
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Fisiak, Jacek, ed. Historical Semantics - Historical Word-Formation. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110850178.
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Papegaaij, Bart C. Word expert semantics: An interlingual knowledge-based approach. Dordrecht: Foris, 1986.
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Lipka, Leonhard. An outline of English lexicology: Lexical structure, word semantics, and word-formation. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1990.
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D, Stephens Laurence, ed. Latin word order: Structured meaning and information. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
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International Pragmatics Conference (7th 2000 Budapest, Hungary). Pragmatics and the flexibility of word meaning. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, Ltd., 2001.
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The semantics of German verb prefixes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Word semantics"
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Hobbs, Jerry R. "6. Word meaning and world knowledge." In Semantics - Theories, edited by Claudia Maienborn, Klaus Heusinger, and Paul Portner, 154–80. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110589245-006.
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Bauer, Laurie, and Salvador Valera. "Sense Inheritance in English Word-Formation." In Semantics of Complex Words, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14102-2_5.
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Szymanek, Bogdan. "Remarks on Tautology in Word-Formation." In Semantics of Complex Words, 143–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14102-2_8.
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Kortmann, Bernd. "Semantics: Word and sentence meaning." In English Linguistics, 143–71. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05678-8_6.
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ten Hacken, Pius. "Transposition and the Limits of Word Formation." In Semantics of Complex Words, 187–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14102-2_10.
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Macpherson, Melissa. "Redefining the “level” of the “word”." In Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation, 155–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-55801-2_33.
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Körtvélyessy, Lívia, Pavol Štekauer, and Július Zimmermann. "Word-Formation Strategies: Semantic Transparency vs. Formal Economy." In Semantics of Complex Words, 85–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14102-2_6.
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Kempen, Gerard, and Karin Harbusch. "Chapter 7. Frequential test of (S)OV as unmarked word order in Dutch and German clauses." In Crossroads Semantics, 107–23. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.210.07kem.
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Clark, Eve V. "Chapter 2. Word meanings and semantic domains in acquisition." In Semantics in Language Acquisition, 22–43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tilar.24.02cla.
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Degemmis, M., P. Lops, and G. Semeraro. "WordNet-Based Word Sense Disambiguation for Learning User Profiles." In Semantics, Web and Mining, 18–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11908678_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Word semantics"
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Helou, Mamoun Abu, and Matteo Palmonari. "Cross-lingual lexical matching with word translation and local similarity optimization." In SEMANTiCS '15: 11th International Conference on Semantic Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2814864.2814888.
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Shajalal, Md, and Masaki Aono. "Sentence-Level Semantic Textual Similarity Using Word-Level Semantics." In 2018 10th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icece.2018.8636779.
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Grover, Ishaan, Hae Won Park, and Cynthia Breazeal. "A Semantics-based Model for Predicting Children's Vocabulary." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/188.
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Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) provide educational benefits through one-on-one tutoring by assessing children's existing knowledge and providing tailored educational content. In the domain of language acquisition, several studies have shown that children often learn new words by forming semantic relationships with words they already know. In this paper, we present a model that uses word semantics (semantics-based model) to make inferences about a child's vocabulary from partial information about their existing vocabulary knowledge. We show that the proposed semantics-based model outperforms models that do not use word semantics (semantics-free models) on average. A subject-level analysis of results reveals that different models perform well for different children, thus motivating the need to combine predictions. To this end, we use two methods to combine predictions from semantics-based and semantics-free models and show that these methods yield better predictions of a child's vocabulary knowledge. Our results motivate the use of semantics-based models to assess children's vocabulary knowledge and build ITS that maximizes children's semantic understanding of words.
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Yonghe, Chu, Hongfei Lin, Liang Yang, Yufeng Diao, Shaowu Zhang, and Fan Xiaochao. "Refining Word Representations by Manifold Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/749.
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Pre-trained distributed word representations have been proven useful in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the effect of words’ geometric structure on word representations has not been carefully studied yet. The existing word representations methods underestimate the words whose distances are close in the Euclidean space, while overestimating words with a much greater distance. In this paper, we propose a word vector refinement model to correct the pre-trained word embedding, which brings the similarity of words in Euclidean space closer to word semantics by using manifold learning. This approach is theoretically founded in the metric recovery paradigm. Our word representations have been evaluated on a variety of lexical-level intrinsic tasks (semantic relatedness, semantic similarity) and the experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several popular word representations approaches.
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Malon, Christopher. "Overcoming Poor Word Embeddings with Word Definitions." In Proceedings of *SEM 2021: The Tenth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.starsem-1.27.
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Krishnan, Praveen, and C. V. Jawahar. "Bringing Semantics in Word Image Retrieval." In 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2013.150.
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Le, Tuan M. V., and Hady W. Lauw. "Semantic Visualization for Short Texts with Word Embeddings." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/288.
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Semantic visualization integrates topic modeling and visualization, such that every document is associated with a topic distribution as well as visualization coordinates on a low-dimensional Euclidean space. We address the problem of semantic visualization for short texts. Such documents are increasingly common, including tweets, search snippets, news headlines, or status updates. Due to their short lengths, it is difficult to model semantics as the word co-occurrences in such a corpus are very sparse. Our approach is to incorporate auxiliary information, such as word embeddings from a larger corpus, to supplement the lack of co-occurrences. This requires the development of a novel semantic visualization model that seamlessly integrates visualization coordinates, topic distributions, and word vectors. We propose a model called GaussianSV, which outperforms pipelined baselines that derive topic models and visualization coordinates as disjoint steps, as well as semantic visualization baselines that do not consider word embeddings.
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de Souza, Sydelle, Alina Villalva, and Carina Pinto. "The grammar behind word association tasks." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0021/000436.
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Most word association tasks (WATs) focus on semantic representations but can also illuminate other linguistic phenomena (Van Rensbergen et al., 2015). This study reports a WAT comprising 152 Portuguese verbs and their corresponding compositional deverbal action nouns ending in -ção, that aims to test whether the morphological nature of the stimulus conditions the response. The results suggest that (i) the morphological structure of the stimuli does condition the response; (ii) associations can be constrained by grammatical factors other than semantics; and (iii) L1 Portuguese speakers are more likely to respond with a word belonging to the same word family if the stimulus is a complex word.
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Pierrejean, Benedicte, and Ludovic Tanguy. "Predicting Word Embeddings Variability." In Proceedings of the Seventh Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/s18-2019.
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Harper, M. P., L. H. Jamieson, C. B. Zoltowski, and R. A. Helzerman. "Semantics and constraint parsing of word graphs." In Proceedings of ICASSP '93. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.1993.319230.
Full textReports on the topic "Word semantics"
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McDowell, Luke K. Preparing Semantic Agents for an Unsuspecting and Unreliable World. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480180.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Tymoshyk, Mykola. LONDON MAGAZINE «LIBERATION WAY» AND ITS PLACE IN THE HISTORY OF UKRAINIAN JOURNALISM ABROAD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11057.
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One of the leading Western Ukrainian diaspora journals – London «Liberation Way», founded in January 1949, has become the subject of the study for the first time in journalism. Archival documents and materials of the Ukrainian Publishing Union in London and the British National Library (British Library) were also observed. The peculiarities of the magazine’s formation and the specifics of the editorial policy, founders and publishers are clarified. A group of OUN members who survived Hitler’s concentration camps and ended up in Great Britain after the end of World War II initiated the foundation of the magazine. Until April 1951, including issue 42, the Board of Foreign Parts of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists were the publishers of the magazine. From 1951 to the beginning of 2000 it was a socio-political monthly of the Ukrainian Publishing Union. From the mid-60’s of the twentieth century – a socio-political and scientific-literary monthly. In analyzing the programmatic principles of the magazine, the most acute issues of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, which have long separated the forces of Ukrainian emigration and from which the founders and publishers of the magazine from the beginning had clearly defined positions, namely: ideology of Ukrainian nationalism, the idea of unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, internal inter-party struggle among Ukrainian emigrants have been singled out. The review and systematization of the thematic palette of the magazine’s publications makes it possible to distinguish the following main semantic accents: the formation of the nationalist movement in exile; historical Ukrainian themes; the situation in sub-Soviet Ukraine; the problem of the unity of Ukrainians in the Western diaspora; mission and tasks of Ukrainian emigration in the context of its responsibilities to the Motherland. It also particularizes the peculiarities of the formation of the author’s assets of the magazine and its place in the history of Ukrainian national journalism.