Academic literature on the topic 'Words associated with Christmas'
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Journal articles on the topic "Words associated with Christmas"
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Tulloch, Alexander. "Christmas." English Today 25, no. 4 (2009): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990514.
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ABSTRACTSome seasonal etymologies.The origins of many of the words associated with Christmas are as fascinating as they are illuminating. But at this time of year those who celebrate Christmas throughout the world are usually too preoccupied with buying presents, preparing traditional fare, organising parties etc. to bother about the derivations of the words unwrapped along with the presents, only to be used for a couple of weeks before being put away again till next year.
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Kovalenko, A. N. "THE TALE OF APHRODITIAN IN THE SLAVONIC HOMILIES AT CHRISTMAS OF THE XV–XVIII CENTURIES." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-1-7-11.
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The apocryphal “Tale of Aphrodithian” is one of the most popular apocrypha of Ancient Russia; it narrates about the Magi’s worship to newborn Christ. The article is devoted to a brief review of Slavic homilies at Christmas, based on an apocryphal text. In total, four works of the XVXVIII centuries were identified, containing the apocrypha: “The Word about the star Irania”, “The Word about the Coming of the Magi”, “The Word at Christmas of the former Archbishop Spiridon” and “Tale for the Nativity of Christ”. The article records the number of lists preserved and the degree of elaboration of each work in the scientific literature. In all homilies, the Tale becomes a source of additional information about the worship of the Magi, but the authors of these homilies use the apocryphal details of the Tale in different ways.In the “The Word about the star Irania” the foggy and obscure language of prophecy in the idol temple is corrected, every detail is included in the context and explained. “Tale for the Nativity of Christ”, in our opinion, is a Western Russian revision of “The Word about the star Irania” and both texts are primarily aimed at revealing all the details associated with the appearance of the star – from the first prophecy by Balaam to the final journey of the Magi. The “Word about the Coming of the Magi”, on the other hand, combines most of the popular Old-Russian narrative texts related to Christmas into one plot: this is how the tale of the Magi, The Legend of Aphrodithian and the Word of John Chrysostom, noted only in Russian lists, (first words: “Today is my nature to the promise of renewal comes”) are combined. In the “Word for the Nativity of the Archbishop ex-Spyridon”, the apocrypha become just an occasion for discussion on the theme of Christmas and the worship of the Magi, the main idea of the author is to follow the spiritual Sun - Christ.The legend of Aphrodithian in this case becomes one of many sources, far from been paramount, in the text intended for public sermon, not for private reading.
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Whissell, Cynthia. "The Distinct Emotional Flavor of Gnostic Writings from the Early Christian Era." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (2008): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.213-234.
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More than 500,000 scored words in 83 documents were used to conclude that it is possible to identify the source of documents (proto-orthodox Christian versus early Gnostic) on the basis of the emotions underlying the words. Twenty-seven New Testament works and seven Gnostic documents (including the gospels of Thomas, Judas, and Mary [Magdalene]) were scored with the Dictionary of Affect in Language. Patterns of emotional word use focusing on eight types of extreme emotional words were employed in a discriminant function analysis to predict source. Prediction was highly successful (canonical r = .81, 97% correct identification of source). When the discriminant function was tested with more than 30 additional Gnostic and Christian works including a variety of translations and some wisdom books, it correctly classified all of them. The majority of the predictive power of the function (97% of all correct categorizations, 70% of the canonical r2) was associated with the preferential presence of passive and passive/pleasant words in Gnostic documents.
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Prokopeva, P. E. "Yukaghir language vocabulary associated with the word Qojl “God”: semantics and formation." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2020): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/72/15.
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The relevance of the theme under consideration is determined by the need to study the traditional worldview of the people, the formation and development of their spiritual knowledge. The paper analyzes the semantic content and the formation of the vocabulary of the Yukaghir language, originating from the word Qojl (qojl), identifies the original semantics of this word, examines the evolution of the religious beliefs of the Yukaghir. The word Qojl (qojl) is associated originally with shamanistic beliefs and was representing the image of the shamanpatron of the family in the traditional culture of the Yukaghir. Later, it came to be referred to the name of the Christian God and to designate icons and saints. In the modern Yukaghir language, the word concerned is used only in the meanings of “God,” “divinity,” “icon,” “saint.” The prevalence of Qojl (qojl)-derived words in the languages of two local Yukaghir groups, the similarity of the structure and meanings of many of the lexemes indicate the archaicity of the word and the presence of a semantic relationship between the original and late sememes. An assumption has been made that the etymology of the ancient root of the word is associated with the concepts of “supernatural,” “sacred,” “divine,” “supreme,” “powerful.” The fact that the word originally comprised the concept of the supernatural and divine determined the expansion of the semantics of the word. Under the influence of Christianity, new words derived from Qojl (qojl), with the semantic content “referring to God,” appear in the Yukaghir language.
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Dmitrieva, Maria N., Sophia A. Rassadina, and Daria A. Shchukina. "Linguoculturological potential of the lexeme Rozhdestvo (‘Christmas’) in the contemporary youth’s linguistic consciousness (based on findings of an associative verbal experiment)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6 (November 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-20.046.
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The paper focuses on associative verbal potential of the lexeme Rozhdestvo (‘Christmas’) in contemporary Russian youth’s linguistic worldview. The research is based on findings of an associative linguistic experiment. The experiment allowed explicating culture codes unconsciously reproduced by respondents, and produced easily calculable results. Each of the respondents had to write down five linguistic units associated with the stimulus word Rozhdestvo (‘Christmas’). Linguoculturological approach is used to interpret the obtained data as it allows analysing how cultural phenomena are represented in linguistic consciousness. The authors discover certain mobility of the linguistic means that verbalise Christmas semantics, as well as certain heterogeneity of people’s conceptions of the feast. The study reveals contemporary cultural context and discourses significant for the youth environment. The experiment’s primary result can be considered our visualisation of the cultural syncretism reflected in the perception of the lexeme Rozhdestvo. The findings can help when developing projects in education, communications, advertising that exploit cultural images and/or elements of cultural context, and serve as basis for further studies.
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Garrett, H. E., J. E. Jones, W. B. Kurtz, and J. P. Slusher. "Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) Agroforestry – Its Design and Potential as a Land-use Alternative." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (1991): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67213-3.
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Integrated forestry-farming (agroforestry) management typically involves the planting of trees at a wide spacing with intercrops grown in alleys between trees. A program initiated in Missouri, USA in 1965 establishes eastern black walnut on a 40- × 10-foot spacing with row intercrops (wheat, milo, soybeans etc.) for the first 10-to-12 years followed by cover crops of cool-season forages thereafter. Specialty crops of Christmas trees, balled and burlapped landscaping species, small berry crops and vegetables are also grown during the early years of plantation establishment. Contrary to conventional management of black walnut, short, clear boles (8 to 16 feet in length) with large full crowns for nut production are developed for maximization of profits. Economic analyses show the highest investment returns associated with management practices combining nut and wood production within an agroforestry regime. Key words: Forestry-farming, agroforestry, eastern black walnut, economics
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Sinyakova, Lyudmila N. "НОME Topos and Associated Motifs in A. P. Chekhov’s Prose of 1890s: Humility, Escape, Departure". Philology 19, № 9 (2020): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-102-113.
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Purpose: The article examines the topos of HOME and following motifs A. P. Chekhov’s late prose. Results: The 1st story, A Woman’s Kingdom, portrays a rich young woman who is bored with her eventless everyday life. Being clever and open-hearted, Anna Akimovna searches for human values, such as empathetic communication, loving family, etc. The fictive time is Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, so genre tradition of Christmas narratives involves miracles connected with status changes (marriage, family reunification, poor relative gets award or gift from their rich uncle, an orphan finds their parents, and so on). Ritual temporality suggests some fate changes, and it makes Anna Akimovna dream about her matrimony matters with the worker Pimenov. At last she realizes that Pimenov is below her socially, and social instinct leads her closer to vapid and stupid such as Lysevich or important administrative official Krylin. Dull days she spends at home compel her to leave her dreams for humility. Thus, home-associated motifs in the story are boredom, weariness, and humility. The second narrative, At Home, is based on a return plot. Vera Kardina, who has received her education courses in Moscow, suffers from primitive customs of her home estate. Eventually, she realizes that she is becoming as rude and narrow-minded as the others inhabitants. Therefore, she decides to escape into an unhappy marriage. Corresponding motifs are the same: boredom and weariness, but the main character’s escape reveals the higher degree of disagreement with her current lifestyle. In the third short story, A Doctor’s Visit, the female character’s disease is explained by her inner anxiety related to her social role. Liza Lyalikova is the heir of a huge factory, but she worries that it makes her unhappy and lonely. Doctor Korolev is sure that the best way for Liza’s recovery is to quit the business. When the characters meet next morning, doctor believes that Liza would leave home. Both characters compare the factory with the devil, the absolute evil force, that forms the main motif of the short story. Here, the HOME topos is reconstructed in symbolic way. Conclusion: We conclude that the topos of home in Chekhov’s late works produces destructive emotions. Main characters of narratives don’t feel safe and calm in their homes. Motif dynamics show the development of characters’ positions from humility to deliverance.
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Sinyakova, Lyudmila N. "НОME Topos and Associated Motifs in A. P. Chekhov’s Prose of 1890s: Humility, Escape, Departure". Philology 19, № 9 (2020): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-102-113.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The article examines the topos of HOME and following motifs A. P. Chekhov’s late prose. Results: The 1st story, A Woman’s Kingdom, portrays a rich young woman who is bored with her eventless everyday life. Being clever and open-hearted, Anna Akimovna searches for human values, such as empathetic communication, loving family, etc. The fictive time is Christmas Eve and Christmas Day, so genre tradition of Christmas narratives involves miracles connected with status changes (marriage, family reunification, poor relative gets award or gift from their rich uncle, an orphan finds their parents, and so on). Ritual temporality suggests some fate changes, and it makes Anna Akimovna dream about her matrimony matters with the worker Pimenov. At last she realizes that Pimenov is below her socially, and social instinct leads her closer to vapid and stupid such as Lysevich or important administrative official Krylin. Dull days she spends at home compel her to leave her dreams for humility. Thus, home-associated motifs in the story are boredom, weariness, and humility. The second narrative, At Home, is based on a return plot. Vera Kardina, who has received her education courses in Moscow, suffers from primitive customs of her home estate. Eventually, she realizes that she is becoming as rude and narrow-minded as the others inhabitants. Therefore, she decides to escape into an unhappy marriage. Corresponding motifs are the same: boredom and weariness, but the main character’s escape reveals the higher degree of disagreement with her current lifestyle. In the third short story, A Doctor’s Visit, the female character’s disease is explained by her inner anxiety related to her social role. Liza Lyalikova is the heir of a huge factory, but she worries that it makes her unhappy and lonely. Doctor Korolev is sure that the best way for Liza’s recovery is to quit the business. When the characters meet next morning, doctor believes that Liza would leave home. Both characters compare the factory with the devil, the absolute evil force, that forms the main motif of the short story. Here, the HOME topos is reconstructed in symbolic way. Conclusion: We conclude that the topos of home in Chekhov’s late works produces destructive emotions. Main characters of narratives don’t feel safe and calm in their homes. Motif dynamics show the development of characters’ positions from humility to deliverance.
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Nowak, Weronika. "Sfera sacrum w Cronaca del Luogo Luciana Beria." Res Facta Nova. Teksty o muzyce współczesnej, no. 20 (29) (December 15, 2019): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rfn.2019.20.4.
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One can point to numerous manifestations of the sphere of sacrum in Luciano Berio’s stage works. It is created in the works of the Italian artist through the use of Christian symbolism, or that associated with the Judeo-Christian tradition, as in the case of Cronaca del Luogo (1999). The sphere of sacrum in Berio’s last stage work is created through such means as intertextual references to the Holy Writ, rabbinic and apocryphal literature and, linked to the creation of specific locations of the action – the space of sacred place, the palace and a Jewish cemetery. Even the title of the work points to the link between the work and the sphere of sacrum, and between the sphere of sacrum and the symbolism of space. This article will present an interpretation of these „imagined worlds” linked to the sphere of sacrum, created by the relationship between words, sounds and images, on the boundary between the space of the „wall” of Salzburg’s Felsen-reitschule, where the work had its premiere, and the imagination of its creators and audiences.
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Vivcharyk, Nataliia. "Landscape and its Functions in the Stories of “Christmas Tree” by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi and “Pine Tree” by Olena Pchilka." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 8, no. 1 (2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.8.1.148-154.
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The article proves that the implementation of a comprehensive approach to the aesthetic education of students in NUS involves, along with the traditional teaching of subjects, their integration, in particular in the humanitarian, artistic cycle. “The concept of artistic and aesthetic education of students in secondary schools” indicates the need to take into account interdisciplinary, intersectoral links within modern school education because educational processes provide rational, aesthetic, and emotional understanding of the phenomena of the surrounding reality. The article points out that the concept of landscape is interdisciplinary and is used in various fields of art, including literature, which influences the formation of personality, helps gain some knowledge about the environment, the relationship between people and nature. The article analyzes the functions of landscapes in children's stories “Christmas Tree” by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi and “Pine Tree” by Olena Pchilka in detail. Attention is paid to the consonance of the names of works of art. It is proved that titles implicitly outline the time of action and are projected on the plot. The creative style of Olena Pchilka and Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi is characterized by the “revival” of nature. On the background of winter landscapes, the writers depict the lives of different segments of the population, customs and traditions associated with Christmas. It is indicated that landscapes perform both pictorial and characterological functions. Describing the preparation for Christmas, the writers appeal to the use of contrasts, which helps reveal social issues. In both works, the symbolic marker of wealth/poverty is a Christmas tree/pine tree. Descriptions of the winter elements evoke tragic premonitions. The emotionality of the story emphasizes the rupture of phrases, the accumulation of exclamatory and interrogative constructions. It is shown that landscapes convey the inner experiences of the characters, who successfully overcome all the difficulties and return home. By resorting to the synthesis of arts, using visual materials and musical accompaniment, teachers can develop students' associative thinking and teach to comprehensively analyze information. Analyzing the stories “Christmas Tree” by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi and “Pine Tree” by Olena Pchilka, students consider not only the topics and issues, but also comprehend the processes of human interaction with nature, which serves to form a humane attitude to the environment and develops aesthetic feelings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Words associated with Christmas"
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McNicholas, Aine. "Dickens by Numbers : the 'Christmas Numbers' of 'Household Words' and 'All the Year Round'." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10391/.
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This thesis examines the short fiction that makes up the annual Christmas Numbers of Dickens’s journals, Household Words and All the Year Round. Through close reading and with reference to Dickens’s letters, contemporary reviews, and the work of his contributors, this thesis contends that the Christmas Numbers are one of the most remarkable and overlooked bodies of work of the second half of the nineteenth century. Dickens’s short fictions rarely receive sustained or close attention, despite the continuing commitment by critics to bring the whole range of Dickens’s career into focus, from his sketches and journalism, to his late public readings. Through readings of selected texts, this thesis will show that Dickens’s Christmas Number stories are particularly powerful and experimental examples of some of the deepest and most recurrent concerns of his work. They include, for example, three of his four uses of a child narrator and one of his few female narrators, and are concerned with childhood, memory, and the socially marginal figures and distinctive voices that are so characteristic of his longer work. But, crucially, they also go further than his longer work to thematise the very questions raised by their production, including anonymity, authorship, collaboration, and annual return. This thesis takes Dickens’s works as its primary focus, but it will also draw throughout on the work of his contributors, which appeared alongside Dickens’s stories in these Christmas issues. In doing so this thesis aims to acknowledge the original conditions under which these stories were produced and published, but more importantly to underline the rich plurality of the Victorian periodical, which these Numbers demonstrate.
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Mole, Richard. "Julmust, Must or Christmas Cola? : Translation Strategies for Words for Culture Specific Items in Two Translations of Liza Marklund’s 'Sprängaren." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165223.
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Research within translation characterises cultural references as being problematic for translators, meaning they must choose between different translation strategies as to how to transfer these references into the translated text. These strategies are often described in general terms according to how closely oriented they are to the target-culture or source-culture, known as domestication or foreignisation. Translation of literature into English is minimal in world terms and there is seemingly a lack of statistically comparable data concerning the translation of cultural references. This study investigates and compares translation strategies of words denoting cultural references in two translations of the 1998 Swedish Nordic Noir novel Sprängaren by Liza Marklund. The methodology in the study is based on descriptive translation studies, and a categorisation model for types of cultural references is used, as well as an adapted taxonomy model for evaluating translation strategies. Issues addressed are: what types of strategies are used; whether strategies change between translations; how the second translation stands in relation to the retranslation hypothesis and whether any general translation norms are apparent. Results show that a wide variety of translation strategies are used for different types of cultural references, with subtle differences in strategies used in each translation. However, both translations appear to be more domestication-oriented with little overall movement towards to the source culture, as the retranslation hypothesis suggests.
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DeSouza, Kara D. "Reducing false recall of semantically-associated words with a pegword mnemonic." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339106.
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Resch, Eric. "The impact of picture cue emotionality on metamemory and cued recall of associated words." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77649.
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Judgments of learning (JOL) are subjective predictions about how well information will be remembered in the future. Emotional stimuli have shown to be better remembered in free recall experiments, but not in cued recall experiments, even though JOLs have shown to be higher for emotional stimuli. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that emotional cues lead to higher JOLs but worse recollection performance than neutral counterparts. Twenty-eight undergraduate students participated in the study to rate and memorize neutral words paired with pictures that varied in emotionality (negative, neutral) and composition (high-complex, low-complex). The results showed that participants remembered negative-paired words reliably worse than neutral-paired words, but rated negative- paired words as more memorable than neutral-paired words. An underconfidence was observed for neutral-paired words and, to some extent, overconfidence for negative-paired words. The results are discussed in terms of relevance to witnesses’ memories.
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Kidanemariam, Awoke. "Identification and characterization of the primary infectious agents associated with ovine ulcerative balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23034.
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Ulcerative balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis is a disease characterized by erosion and ulceration of the glans penis and muco-cutaneous junction of the vulval lips of sheep. The disease was first recognized in South Africa in 1979 in the Calvinia district, Northern Cape province, and its distribution has since extended to all major Dorper sheep farming areas of the country with serious economic consequences. It is now a major concern for Dorper sheep breeders and farmers due to the fact that the disease has a detrimental effect on conception and subsequent lambing percentages. The aetiology and epidemiology of the disease are not well established. During this study the microbial flora in the genital tract of both clinically healthy and infected sheep were compared. The aim was to isolate and identify the pathogenic microorganism/s that contribute to the disease in sheep and to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Flocks of sheep in the Northern Cape province showing clinical signs of ulcerative balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis were examined. The microbiological flora of 116 clinically unaffected sheep and 104 affected sheep from 15 different farms, and with characteristic ulcerative lesions were examined. Swabs from rams and ewes were collected aseptically, and put into cryovials consisting of transport medium for bacterial, mycoplasmal and viral maintenance. Swabs for Chlamydophila species antigen detection were placed into tubes without transport medium. All specimens were processed for virus isolation in cell culture, Chlamydophila antigen detection with ELISA, and bacteria and mycoplasmas were isolated on standard culture media. The latter were further identified with biochemical tests and indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test. The IFA test was found to be useful when contamination with other microorganisms was prevalent, especially in genital tract specimens. This procedure had reduced the necessity for sub-culturing and cloning. The IFAT was found to be effective for the identification of Mycoplasma spp. growing on primary growth media in mixed cultures. The technique also helped to confirm the presence of mycoplasmas that did not produce typical colonies, and it was possible to identify mycoplasma colonies overgrown by bacterial contaminants. Bacteriological examination of materials from affected and unaffected ewes and rams resulted in the isolation of a sizeable number of Arcanobacterium pyogenes. It was isolated from 44.2 % affected sheep and 17.2 % healthy ones. This isolation difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Seventy four per cent of the isolates came from severe clinical cases. There were no significant differences in isolations of Corynebacterium species and streptococcus species between normal and clinically affected sheep. The mollicutes isolated from the genito-urinary tract of the sampled sheep included Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides large colony, Mycoplasma species Group 7, Mycoplasma capricolum, Mycoplasma capri, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma arginini, and unidentified Mycoplasma spp. and Acholepalsma laidlawii and Ureaplasma species. Mycoplasma was isolated from 49.3 % of 116 clinically normal sheep and 78.2 % of 104 affected sheep. There were significant differences in rates of isolation among clinical groups (p<0.05). Of all the mycoplasma isolates, Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides LC was isolated from 61.5 % of clinically diseased sheep while 6.0 % of the isolates were from apparently healthy animals (p<0.05). There was a significant association between the degree of the severity of the lesion and the rate of isolation of M mm LC (p<0.05). The extent of the isolation of M mm LC suggests a causal relationship with ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa. The present findings, together with those of Trichard et al, (1993), showed that M mm LC is the major pathogenic mycoplasma incriminated in ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa. However, results also point towards other pathogens such as A. pyogenes playing a role in the pathogenesis of the disease and predisposing the genital tract to infection with mycoplasma. A number of other identified and unidentified strains of mycolasma were isolated from both clinically affected and healthy sheep. However, in genital tract infection is uncertain. Virus isolation efforts in cell culture and Chlamydophila antigen capture ELISA yielded negative results in affected rams and ewes, and healthy sheep. Current clinical observations during this project have shown that the typical ulceration appears to be confined to the glans penis and lips of the vulva and no ulceration has been observed on the shaft of the penis and vaginal vestibule. In uncomplicated cases inflammation of the prepuce and vaginal vestibule is not a regular feature of the disease. Therefore, the name ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis most accurately describe the clinical signs of the disease in South Africa. Age-related susceptibility to the disease was observed. Young sheep are 2.5 times more likely to have the lesion than adult sheep (p<0.05). It was also observed that male sheep acquire severe lesions more often than female sheep. Since, infection in both male and female sheep can spread by coitus, it may valuable to attempt detection of infected animals and follow a strict isolation policy. In addition, further studies to elucidate predisposing factors related to management and environment are required. The in vitro activities of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were determined against field isolates of MmmLC by means of the broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these antimicrobial drugs were determined for a representative number of 10 isolates and one type strain. The susceptibility of A. pyogenes to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin was determined by means of agar disk diffusion test. The MICs of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin were within the ranges of 0.125-0.5, 1.0-2.0, 2.0-4.0 and 4.0-8.0 µg mℓ-1, respectively. This study has shown that resistance of MmmLC against enrofloxacin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and spiramycin was negligible. All tested field strains of A. pyogenes were susceptible to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and tilmicosin with mean inhibition zones of 30.6, 42.3&35.8 mm, respectively. Although, there is a lack of data on in vivo efficacy and in vitro MIC breakpoints of these antimicrobial drugs for MmmLC, the MIC results indicate that these 4 classes of antimicrobial drugs should be effective in the treatment of ulcerative balanitis and vulvitis in sheep in South Africa.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2003.<br>Veterinary Tropical Diseases<br>unrestricted
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Tonnesen, Mirjam Hauke. "Distribution of boophilus microplus and boophilus decoloratus and associated occurrence of babesia species in cattle in the Soutpansberg region, Northern Province, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23366.
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Bovine babesiosis occurs worldwide and is one of the most costly tick-borne cattle diseases in the tropics. The Soutpansberg region of the Northern Province in South Africa is endemic for Babesia bigemina, but Babesia bovis was only reported from this area in the 1980s when some farmers experienced heavy losses due to Asiatic redwater. The main objectives of the study were to confirm the presence of the tick vector Boophilus microplus in the Soutpansberg region where it had not been reported previously, and to determine the seroprevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle in these areas. Other objectives were to assess the relative numbers of Boophilus microplus in relation to Boophilus decoloratus and to determine a possible displacement of Boophilus decoloratus by Boophilus microplus. It was also the intention to map the potential distribution of the Boophilus ticks in the area and to more accurately predict the further spread of Boophilus microplus. Tick collections and serological surveys were carried out during 1999 and 2000 on cattle at 30 communal dip tanks and on 5 commercial farms in the Soutpansberg, Dzanani, Mutale, Thohoyandou and Vuwani Districts. Of the 25,042 Boophilus ticks collected, 93.9 % were Boophilus microplus and 6.1 % were Boophilus decoloratus. At 8 of the dip tanks/farms both Boophilusspecies were found, and the displacement of Boophilus decoloratus by Boophilus microplus was monitored at 4 of these sites. There was a distinct displacement of Boophilus decoloratus at those dip tanks/farms where repeated tick collection was possible. Cattle at the communal dip tanks carried larger Boophilustick numbers than cattle on the commercial farms. Boophilus microplus was the most common Boophilustick collected at the dip tanks, and during the survey it also became the Boophilustick most commonly found on the commercial farms. CLIMEX was used to map the potential distribution of Boophilus microplus and Boophilus decoloratus in the survey area during years with average as well as double average rainfall. Ecoclimatic Indices were computed for each sampling location, using 30 years of climatic information. The displacement patterns of Boophilus species were also discussed. Blood samples (n = 2201) were collected for Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) testing. Serological evidence of Babesia bovis was detected in 97 % of the communal dip tank herds and in 100 % of the commercial farm herds. The overall seroprevalence of Babesia bovis in the dip tank herds during 1999 and 2000 was 63 %. The seroprevalence of Babesia bovis in the commercial herds increased significantly from 19 % in 1999 to 57.5 % in 2000. There was a slight increase in endemic stability in comparable herds from 1999 to 2000. The increase in seroprevalence and endemic stability probably came as a result of the influx of Boophilus microplus into the survey area. There was a significant correlation between the presence of Boophilus microplus in the survey area and the increasing seroprevalence of Babesia bovis, which confirms that Boophilus microplus is the main and probably the only vector of Babesia bovis in South Africa. Serological evidence of Babesia bigemina was detected in 100 % of communal dip tank and commercial farm herds. The overall seroprevalence of Babesia bigemina in the dip tank herds decreased significantly from 56.1 % in 1999 to 49.3 % in 2000. There was a marked decrease in endemic stability for Babesia bigemina in comparable dip tank herds from 1999 to 2000. The decrease in seroprevalence and endemic stability to Babesia bigemina in these herds was probably due to the substantial increase of Boophilus microplus in the survey area. This may indicate that Babesia bigeminaa was transmitted less effectively by Boophilus microplus than by Boophilus decoloratus. The seroprevalence of Babesia bovis was significantly higher than that of Babesia bigemina at those dip tanks/farms where only Boophilus microplus was present during 1999 and 2000. This may be explained by the possibility that Boophilus microplus transmits Babesia bigemina less effectively than it transmits Babesia bovis. This survey raises several questions on the ability of the African strain of Boophilus microplus to transmit African Babesiastrains. There are indications that the African Boophilus microplus is different to the Australian Boophilus microplus. More research needs to be done to investigate how the Babesia species are transmitted in Africa.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2002.<br>Veterinary Tropical Diseases<br>unrestricted
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Izetelny, Adam. "Attentional biases for negative and positive attachment words associated with individual differences in adult attachment and defensiveness : effects of stimulus content, intensity, and valence /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1212794821&sid=27&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Adivi, Anna. "Traffic-Generated Air Pollution-Exposure Mediated Expression of Factors Associated with Progression of Multiple Sclerosis in a Female Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse Model." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752378/.
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Environmental air pollution is one risk factor associated with the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this project, we investigated the effects of ubiquitous traffic-generated pollutants, namely a mixture of gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust (MVE), on signaling pathways associated with the pathophysiology of MS in the central nervous system (CNS) of either ovary intact (ov+) or ovariectomized (ov-) female Apolipoprotein (Apo) E-/-. Specifically, we investigated whether a subchronic inhalation exposure to MVE (200 PM μg/m3; 6 hr/d, 7d/wk, 30d) vs. filtered air (FA) controls altered myelination, T cell infiltration, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, or production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expression of neuroinflammation markers in the CNS ov+ and ov- Apo E-/- mice. Our results revealed that inhalation exposure to MVE resulted in increased demyelination and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, associated with alterations in BBB integrity. Disruption of the BBB was evidenced by decreased tight junction (TJ) protein expression, increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) activity, and increased permeability of immunoglobin (Ig) G, which were more pronounced in the MVE ov- group. Moreover, MVE-exposure also promoted ROS and neuroinflammatory signaling in the CNS of ov+ and ov- mice, compared to FA groups. To analyze mechanisms that may contribute to MVE-exposure mediated inflammatory signaling in the CNS, we examined the NF-κB signaling pathway components, namely IKK subunits, IKKα, and IKKβ, as well as RelA. MVE -exposure did not alter the expression of either IKKα and IKKβ or RelA. However, increased expression of IKKα and IKKβ mRNA was observed in both FA ov- and MVE ov- groups, indicating female sex steroid hormone signaling involvement. Investigation of hormone receptors expression revealed a reduction in cerebral ERα mRNA expression, compared to ov+ mice; however, MVE-exposure resulted in an even further decrease in expression of ERα mRNA, while ERβ and PRO A/B transcript expressions were unchanged across groups. Collectively, these study findings revealed that subchronic inhalation exposure to MVE mediates alterations in ER expression in the CNS of ApoE-/- female mice, associated with altered cerebrovascular integrity and increased ROS production and inflammatory signaling. These detrimental outcomes in the CNS, resulting from MVE-exposure, are further associated with increased CD4+/CD8+ infiltration and local demyelination in the CNS of female ApoE-/-mice, which are hallmarks of MS. Such findings suggest that exposure to ubiquitous traffic-generated air pollutants may contribute to pathologies that exacerbate demyelinating diseases in the CNS of females.
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Koudelková, Kateřina. "Znají děti význam slov spojených s Vánoci?" Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337484.
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of thesis children's knowledges of words accociated with Christmas The thesis is concerned with Christmas traditions, particularly from the point of view of children. The thesis presents the evolution of Christmas celebrations, some of the traditions, and it also compares certain Christmas songs and carols, and thus demonstrates the evolution of Christmas related vocabulary. Furthermore, the thesis also presents a brief overview of the evolution of children's vocabulary. In the practical part, the thesis attempts to answer the question of which Christmas related words children aged 9 - 12 years are familiar with. For the purpose of this practical research, the author of the thesis created a questionnaire containing 10 specific Christmas related words that children were asked to explain. The research results show that children seem to have a relatively good passive knowledge of commonly used words associated with Christmas, but in many cases they find it difficult to actively demonstrate this knowledge, i.e. to define, explain those words. In general, the girls describe the meaning of words better than boys. Children attending religious schools have apparently greater knowledge of words associated with religious meaning of Christmas than children from state schools. Comparison of age do not show...
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Brady, Carrie Louise. "Taxonomic of Pantoea associated with bacterial blight of Eucalyptus." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27539.
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The genus Pantoea has seven species and two sub-species, isolated from diverse geographical and ecological sources. The majority of Pantoea species are plant-associated and cause a wide variety of diseases on a range of hosts. P. ananatis causes disease on many agricultural crops including onion, maize, sudangrass, honeydew melon and pineapple. P. ananatis has been identified as the causal agent of a serious bacterial blight and dieback of Eucalyptus in South Africa. Bacterial isolates have also been recovered from Eucalypts in South America and Uganda exhibiting Pantoea ananatis-like symptoms. These isolates have not been identified. Identification of P. ananatis, based on phenotypic analysis, is difficult due to similarities in phenotypic characteristics between Pantoea species and related Enterobacteriaceae. Regular isolations of P. ananatis have highlighted the need for a rapid, molecular-based identification technique for the pathogen. A PCR assay, based on amplification of a partial region of the 16S-23S ITS gene with species-specific primers, was evaluated for the rapid identification of P. ananatis. Authentic strains of P. ananatis were included in the study, along with the unidentified isolates from South America and Uganda, and authentic strains of all species of the genus Pantoea. All authentic strains of P. ananatis produced a single PCR product of 398 bp following amplification. Only one unidentified isolate from South America produced the 398 bp PCR product. The only other species to be detected by the primers was P. stewartii subsp. indologenes. For the 16S-23S ITS-PCR assay to successfully detect only P. ananatis, the species-specific primers will have to be modified to increase their specificity. Little is known concerning the genetic relatedness between species and strains of Pantoea, and no standardised molecular typing system exists for the genus. The entire 16S-23S ITS gene was evaluated for a genetic relatedness study for the genus Pantoea. Universal primers were used to amplify the entire spacer region. Multiple amplification products were visible for all Pantoea strains and the unidentified isolates. This indicated that the Pantoea genome contains multiple copies of the rRNA operon and a high degree of similarity exists among the rRNA operons of species of the genus Pantoea. Therefore it is not possible to determine the genetic relatedness of Pantoea species based on a typing technique targeting the 16S-23S ITS region. The entire genome was then screened by AFLP analysis to examine the genetic relatedness of the genus Pantoea. The AFLP technique was found to be successful and distinct clusters were visible for each Pantoea species in the dendrogram. The majority of the South American and Ugandan isolates formed three separate clusters from P. ananatis. Representative strains were chosen from among the unidentified isolates for 16S rRNA sequencing. Based on the resulting phylogram, it is clear that at least two new Pantoea species or subspecies exist among the South American and Ugandan isolates, and more than one Pantoea species may be associated with bacterial blight and dieback of Eucalyptus. DNA-DNA hybridisations will be performed on these isolates to determine their correct taxonomic position within the genus Pantoea.<br>Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Microbiology and Plant Pathology<br>unrestricted
Books on the topic "Words associated with Christmas"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "Words associated with Christmas"
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Andrews, George E., Carla D. Savage, and Herbert S. Wilf. "Hypergeometric Identities Associated with Statistics on Words." In Advances in Combinatorics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30979-3_4.
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Houdré, Christian, and Hua Xu. "On the Limiting Shape of Young Diagrams Associated with Inhomogeneous Random Words." In High Dimensional Probability VI. Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0490-5_18.
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Arimura, Hiroki, and Shinichi Shimozono. "Maximizing Agreement with a Classification by Bounded or Unbounded number of Associated Words." In Algorithms and Computation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49381-6_6.
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Suga, Shinsuke, Ko Oi, and Sadaaki Miyamoto. "Cluster Analysis of Associated Words Obtained from a Free Response Test on Tokyo Bay." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65950-1_80.
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Ludlow, Morwenna. "Christian Literary Identity and Rhetoric about Style." In Rhetoric and Religious Identity in Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813194.003.0015.
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How was Christian identity related to literary style? Ancient authors wanting to establish their discourse as morally serious would lay claim to plain (or sublime) speech, whilst depicting their rivals’ words as over-elaborate. Questions of style thus became associated with moral qualities, especially in philosophers’ ‘rhetoric about rhetoric’. Then Christians laid claim to the plainest of all styles: that (supposedly) of the gospel. This chapter argues that all such claims about style are rhetorical, because they are based on the slippery notion of the ‘appropriate’ and are not absolute but comparative. In fact, Christians used all three stylistic modes (‘plain’/‘slender’, ‘pleasant’, and ‘majestic’/‘sublime’) and identified them in the Bible. Their claims about their own and their opponents’ styles thus need to be read with an awareness of how they are being used rhetorically in attempts to establish claims about true Christian discourse and morally superior speakers.
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"“Christmas trees are everywhere”." In With Your Words in My Hands. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1m0khk2.10.
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"The Spirit of Christmas." In In Your Eyes I See My Words. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11991jg.61.
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"Christmas: 1924." In The Complete Poetical Works of Thomas Hardy, Vol. 3: Human Shows; Winter Words; Uncollected Poems. Oxford University Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00226551.
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"Words Associated with Exit." In exit. Bloomsbury Academic, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501358173.0005.
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Joseph, Morris. "Christmas and War." In Jewish Preaching in Times of War, 1800 - 2001. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764401.003.0017.
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This chapter contains the reflections of Morris Joseph on war. He was one of the founders of the Jewish Peace Society, established in early 1914, and served as its chairman for many years. One can imagine the psychological toll exacted on a man of such convictions by the outbreak of the First World War. He did not question the decision by the British government to enter the war — ‘To have remained passive would have been a crime’, both against national honour and against the principles of justice and freedom — or the need for British Jews to ‘rally to the help of our beloved country in her hour of need’. But the chapter finds in these words feelings not of exhilaration but of profound distress.
Conference papers on the topic "Words associated with Christmas"
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Hong, Hyun-Ki, Kyung-Wook Park, and Dong-Ho Lee. "A Novel Semantic Tagging Technique Exploiting Wikipedia-Based Associated Words." In 2015 IEEE 39th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac.2015.87.
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Han, Hong-qi, Dong-hua Zhu, and Xue-feng Wang. "Semi-supervised text classification from unlabeled documents using class associated words." In 2009 International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering (CIE39). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2009.5223918.
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Okada, Shogo, and Kazuhiro Otsuka. "Recognizing Words from Gestures: Discovering Gesture Descriptors Associated with Spoken Utterances." In 2017 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2017). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg.2017.60.
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Balema, Wintana, Diane Liu, Yu Shen, et al. "Abstract PS14-04: A picture worth a thousand words - “classic” inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) appearance associated with overall survival." In Abstracts: 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; December 8-11, 2020; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps14-04.
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Smith, Shana, and Shih-Hang Fu. "Factor Analysis of Head-Up Display Presentation Images." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87174.
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This study explored the relationships between drivers and HUD presentation image designs using Kansei engineering. Kansei words were associated with physical design elements. Initially, existing HUD presentation images were collected. Next, major design elements were extracted from the images. Then, new images were generated, based upon the major design elements. A questionnaire and user experiment was conducted. Finally, the results were analyzed using factor analysis. Thirty-six pairs of Kansei words were reduced and grouped into 5 groups of Kansei words. The final 5 groups of Kansei words can be used to clearly describe the HUD presentation images. The method can be used as a reference for future HUD image design tasks.
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Yadrintsev, V. V., А. A. Ryzhova, and I. V. Sochenkov. "DISTRIBUTIONAL MODELS AND AUXILIARY METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE HYPERNYMS OF WORDS IN RUSSIAN." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-762-772.
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This paper describes our participation in the first shared task on Automatic Taxonomy Construction for the Russian language RUSSE’2020. The goal of this task is the following: input words (neologisms that are not yet included in the taxonomy) need to be associated with the appropriate hypernyms from an existing taxonomy. For example, for the input word “duck”, it is expected that participants will provide a list of its ten hypernyms-synsets to which the word can most likely be attributed, such as “animal,” “bird” and so on. An input word can refer to one, two, or more “parents” at the same time. In this article we are trying to answer the following question: what results can be achieved using only “raw” vectors from distributional models without additional training? The article presents the results for several pre-trained models that are based on fastText, Elmo, and BERT algorithms. Also, an outof-vocabulary analysis was performed for the models under consideration. Taking into account all public scores from the leaderboards, we showed the results corresponding to the following places in the ranking: the 3rd place on public nouns, the 2nd on private nouns, the 4th on public verbs, and the 4th on private verbs.
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Williams, Trefor, Christie Nelson, and John Betak. "Applying Topic Modeling to Railroad Grade Crossing Accident Report Text." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5633.
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The FRA railroad grade crossing accident database contains text comment fields that may provide additional information about grade crossing accidents. New text mining algorithms provide the potential to automatically extract information from text that can enhance traditional numeric analyses. Topic modeling algorithms are statistical methods that analyze the words of original texts to automatically discover the themes that run through them. A frequently used topic-modeling algorithm is Latent Dirichlet Analysis (LDA). In this paper we will show several examples of how labeled LDA can be applied to the FRA grade crossing data to better understand categories of words and phrases that are associated with various types of grade crossing accidents.
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Proskokova, A. V. "CONNOTATIONS OF THE WORD "NIGHTINGALE" IN THE POETRY BY BELLA AKHMADULINA." In Люди речисты - 2021. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-49-5-2021-328-334.
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The poetry by B. Akhmadulina harmoniously combines traditions with authorial distinctiveness that is associated with individual connotations, which have not received any thorough scientific attention up to now. The article offers to consider new non-traditional meanings of the words "nightingale", widely used by the poet in her poems.
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Veira, Neil, Brian Keng, Kanchana Padmanabhan, and Andreas Veneris. "Unsupervised Embedding Enhancements of Knowledge Graphs using Textual Associations." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/725.
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Knowledge graph embeddings are instrumental for representing and learning from multi-relational data, with recent embedding models showing high effectiveness for inferring new facts from existing databases. However, such precisely structured data is usually limited in quantity and in scope. Therefore, to fully optimize the embeddings it is important to also consider more widely available sources of information such as text. This paper describes an unsupervised approach to incorporate textual information by augmenting entity embeddings with embeddings of associated words. The approach does not modify the optimization objective for the knowledge graph embedding, which allows it to be integrated with existing embedding models. Two distinct forms of textual data are considered, with different embedding enhancements proposed for each case. In the first case, each entity has an associated text document that describes it. In the second case, a text document is not available, and instead entities occur as words or phrases in an unstructured corpus of text fragments. Experiments show that both methods can offer improvement on the link prediction task when applied to many different knowledge graph embedding models.
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Bataille, J., and M. Lance. "Calvin W. Rice Lecture 2002: Two-Phase Oxymoron." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45710.
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Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Colleagues: Mr. Chairman!... I am aware of the fact that this is French-speaking Canada, but this particular plenary lecture is associated with an American award. Accordingly, may I take the First Amendment and claim Freedom of Speech — within very reasonable limits, of course! In other words, may I impose a somewhat special sort of plenary lecture on the audience? Thank you, Mr. Chairman !
Reports on the topic "Words associated with Christmas"
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Church, Joshua, LaKenya Walker, and Amy Bednar. Associated Words Explorer (AWE) user manual. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41980.
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This manual is intended for new users with minimal or no experience with using the Associated Word Explorer (AWE) tool. The goal of this document is to give an overview of the main functions of AWE. The primary focus of this document is to demonstrate functionality. Every effort has been made to ensure this document is an accurate representation of the functionality of the AWE tool. For additional information about this manual, contact ERDC.JAIC@erdc.dren.mil.
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Balkova, Lubomira. Complexity for Infinite Words Associated with Quadratic Non-simple Parry Numbers. Journal of Geometry and Symmetry in Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/jgsp-7-2006-1-11.
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Stern, Jonathan M. B., and Benjamin Piper. Resetting Targets: Examining Large Effect Sizes and Disappointing Benchmark Progress. RTI Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0060.1904.
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This paper uses recent evidence from international early grade reading programs to provide guidance about how best to create appropriate targets and more effectively identify improved program outcomes. Recent results show that World Bank and US Agency for International Development–funded large-scale international education interventions in low- and middle–income countries tend to produce larger impacts than do interventions in the United States, as measured by effect sizes. However, these effect sizes rarely translate into large gains in mean oral reading fluency scores and are associated with only small increases in the proportion of students meeting country-level reading benchmarks. The limited impact of these low- and middle–income countries’ reading programs on the proportion of students meeting reading benchmarks is in large part caused by right-skewed distributions of student reading scores. In other words, modest impacts on the proportion of students meeting benchmarks are caused by low mean scores and large proportions of nonreaders at baseline. It is essential to take these factors into consideration when setting program targets for reading fluency and comprehension. We recommend that program designers in lower-performing countries use baseline assessment data to develop benchmarks based on multiple performance categories that allow for more ambitious targets focused on reducing nonreaders and increasing beginning readers, with more modest targets aimed at improving oral reading fluency scores and increasing the percentage of proficient readers.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.