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Journal articles on the topic 'Work and income generation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ferguson, Kristin M. "Responding to children’s street work with alternative income-generation strategies." International Social Work 49, no. 6 (2006): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872806069076.

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English Empirical precedents indicate the positive impact of income-generating initiatives on the lives of vulnerable populations around the world. However, there is limited research on such interventions with street-working children. A social development model is proposed for street-working children and their parents as a means to curb child street migration. French L'expérience confirme l'impact positif des initiatives de production de revenus sur la vie des populations vulnérables dans le monde. Toutefois, il existe peu de recherche concernant de telles initiatives auprès des enfants qui tr

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Takeda, Sachiko, Marta Disegna, and Yumei Yang. "Changes in Chinese work values." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 7, no. 1 (2019): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-06-2018-0040.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes in Chinese workers’ values by comparing the work-related values of the One-Child Generation (OCG), the Social Reform Generation and the Cultural Revolution Generation.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with 918 Chinese employees, the vast majority of them working for Chinese domestic firms in Guangzhou, Shaoguan and Harbin. The collected data were analysed mainly using ANOVA, Tukey’s pairwise comparison and Kruskall–Wallis tests.FindingsThe OCG was found to place less importance on income and job security, while poss

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Sommers, Ira, Deborah Baskin, and Jeffrey Fagan. "The Structural Relationship between Drug Use, Drug Dealing, and other Income Support Activities among Women Drug Sellers." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 4 (1996): 975–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600414.

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Interviews were conducted with 156 women drug sellers from two New York City neighborhoods with high concentrations of drug selling, neighborhoods that had active heroin markets in the 1970s and were sites for the growth of cocaine and crack markets a decade later. Structural equations models were estimated to test the relationships over two time periods between drug use and income generation activities including drug dealing, crime, legal work, and public transfers. Dependent variables included self-reports of income and expenses together with criminal career parameters. Results showed that t

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Tsai, Laura Cordisco, Susan S. Witte, Toivgoo Aira, Marion Riedel, Reid Offringa, and Mingway Chang. "Efficacy of a microsavings intervention in increasing income and reducing economic dependence upon sex work among women in Mongolia." International Social Work 61, no. 1 (2015): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815594866.

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Diversifying options for income generation and employment may enhance health outcomes for women engaged in sex work. This randomized trial tested the efficacy of a microsavings intervention on reductions in economic dependence upon sex work and changes in income among women in Mongolia. Women who attended microfinance plus HIV prevention sessions reported a significantly lower percentage of income from sex work, increased odds of reporting no income from sex work, and increased odds that sex work was not their main source of income compared to women who received HIV prevention sessions alone.

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Fan, C. Cindy, and Chen Chen. "Left Behind? Migration Stories of Two Women in Rural China." Social Inclusion 8, no. 2 (2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2673.

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Women being left behind in the countryside by husbands who migrate to work has been a common phenomenon in China. On the other hand, over time, rural women’s participation in migration has increased precipitously, many doing so after their children are older, and those of a younger generation tend to start migrant work soon after finishing school. Although these women may no longer be left behind physically, their work, mobility, circularity, and frequency of return continue to be governed by deep-rooted gender ideology that defines their role primarily as caregivers. Through the biographical

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Ayvar-Campos, Francisco Javier, José César Lenin Navarro-Chávez, and Víctor Giménez. "Generation and distribution of income in Mexico, 1990-2015." Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science 25, no. 49 (2019): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jefas-04-2018-0040.

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Purpose This paper aims to review the efficient use of economic and social resources to generate income and, at the same time, reduce the concentration of wealth in the 32 states of the Mexican Republic during the period 1990-2015. Design/methodology/approach Data envelopment analysis with the inclusion of a bad output was used to diagnose the efficiency of Mexican entities, and the Malmquist–Luenberger index was applied to understand how this efficiency evolves. Findings The results clearly show that only 3 of the 32 units studied generated and distributed wealth efficiently, while the other

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Ferguson, Kristin M., Kimberly Bender, and Sanna J. Thompson. "Risk and Resilience Factors Associated With Formal and Informal Income Generation Among Homeless Young Adults in Three U.S. Cities." Youth & Society 50, no. 3 (2015): 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x15600722.

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This study used the risk and resilience framework to examine predictors of formal and informal sources of income among homeless young adults. Formal sources of income generation consisted of full-time, part-time, or paid, temporary work. Informal sources included earning money from selling personal possessions, selling drugs, and theft. In all, 601 homeless young adults from three U.S. cities participated in semi-structured interviews. Structural equation modeling assessed whether demographic, homelessness history, mental health, problem behaviors, and resilience predicted income generation so

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Eroğlu, Şebnem. "Income generation, informality and poverty in urban Turkey." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 5/6 (2017): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2015-0114.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the key sources of poor urban households’ relative success (or failure) in reducing poverty by income generation activities. It specifically investigates the conditions of informal employment in order to understand how and to what extent they affect households’ chances of success. Design/methodology/approach The data were drawn from interviews with 17 low-income households randomly selected from an informal gecekondu settlement based in the capital city of Turkey. Findings The research challenges the dominant viewpoint, which attributes success t

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Tinuke, Badejo Bolaji, and Adekeye Adeshola Joseph. "The Impact of Anchor Borrower Programme on Poverty Alleviation in Argungu Local Government Area of Kebbi State." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 4 (2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i4.14049.

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This research work was designed to examine the impact of Anchor Borrower Programme (ABP) on poverty alleviation in Argungu Local Government Area of Kebbi State. The main objective of the study is to investigate the extent to which the implementation of Anchor Borrower Programme (ABP) has encouraged poverty alleviation in the area of food supply, income generation, improvement in standard of living and income generation in the study area. Relevant data for this research work were collected from secondary sources through the content analysis of; documents, government publications, reports, quart

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Estrada, Silvia López. "Work, Gender, and Space: Women’s Home-Based Work in Tijuana, Mexico." Journal of Developing Societies 18, no. 2-3 (2002): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x0201800208.

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This article reveals the array of time-space arrangements that a group of women home-based workers deploy to accommodate paid work in their homes. Based on in-depth interviews with the workers in Tijuana, Mexico, the article emphasizes the consequences of working at home for gender relations within the family. The main argument of this article holds that the variety of women’s time-space strategies may result in a variety of situations of integration or conflict. The diversity of ways in which women organize productive and reproductive activities within the household and their consequences are

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Suleman, Dede, Hapzi Ali, Dewi Nusraningrum, and Mochammad Mukti Ali. "Consumer Factors in Choosing Shopping Place in 4.0." JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN BISNIS SRIWIJAYA 17, no. 4 (2020): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v17i4.11529.

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Research Purpsoses – With the shipment analysis tool used, the results of this study show that education and income factors determine consumers in deciding where to shop in offline, online retail, or both.Methods – This research method is quantitative, while the sample in this study was conducted with non-probability sampling with the criteria respondents are consumers who have shopped fashion products through online, Respondents are from the age of 17 years. Respondents are those who live around the City of DKI Jakarta. The technique used in this research is purposive sampling method with the

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Ingersoll, Elliott, Sophia Elliott, and Stephanie Drcar. "Spiritual and Religious Support for Underrepresented First-Generation, Low-Income (UFGLI) Students." Religions 12, no. 7 (2021): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12070548.

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UFGLI students comprise 34% of the students enrolled in four-year universities. Unlike some students, UFGLI students face internal and systemic barriers throughout their educational experience and their struggles are often dismissed and disregarded. Working and raising a family while taking courses, minimal support systems, and financial struggles require students to optimize their resources. We explore the issues of UFGLI students and the importance of their spiritual and religious supports using a literature review and a case study. Religious and spiritual identities are resources that shoul

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Heikkilä, Katriina, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Kristina Alexanderson, and Marianna Virtanen. "Work Participation among Women and Men in Sweden: A Register Study of 8.5 Million Individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (2021): 4642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094642.

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Observational research studies from various countries suggest that women’s working patterns across the life course are often fragmented compared to men’s. The aim of our investigation was to use nationwide register data from Sweden to examine the extent to which generation and time of entry to the work force explain the sex differences in work participation across the life course. Our analyses were based on individual-level data on 4,182,581 women and 4,279,571 men, who were 19–69 years old and resident in Sweden in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015. Data on income and number of net days on disa

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Noveria, Mita, and Meirina Ayumi Malamassam. "PENCIPTAAN MATA PENCAHARIAN ALTERNATIF: STRATEGI PENGURANGAN KEMISKINAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN SUMBER DAYA LAUT (STUDI KASUS KOTA BATAM DAN KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE DAN KEPULAUAN)." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 10, no. 2 (2015): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v10i2.73.

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One attempt to alleviate poverty of fishermen is, among others, by creating alternative income generating activities to facilitate additional income. The activities are implemented through diversification of household incomes sources. This enables fishermen to carry out jobs other than fisheries, which is also an effective effort to conserve marine resources. The reason is because alternative income generating activities could reduce the high dependency of fishery households on marine resources. This paper aims to assess alternative income-generating activities implemented through the Coral Re

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Papp, Imola Cseh, Erika Varga, Zoltán Szira, and László Hajós. "The controversial nature of workfare programmes." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 15, no. 1 (2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aree-2018-0003.

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Abstract According to the OECD, active employment policies include all social expenditure that are directed at improving the chances of finding a job and income generation (except education). Active labour market policies are around to assist in enhancing labour market flexibility at the times of economic changes. Their key components are the so-called activation strategies that act as typical prerequisites of benefitting from unemployment security/support systems in every EU country. The workfare concept lies behind the public work programmes. There are serious professional debates whether pu

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Iqbal, Muhammad Amjed, Muhammad Rizwan, Azhar Abbas, et al. "A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169084.

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Many farmers worldwide resort to choosing various income-earning options for diversifying their income sources as a means of risk-avoidance, social protection, and, above all, to finance agricultural operations. Non-farm income generation among farm families has become an imperative part of livelihood earning strategies in recent years amid fast-evolving climatic and sociodemographic changes. In this regard, this study seeks to identify the patterns and socioeconomic factors responsible for the uptake of various non-farm income diversification sources among agricultural households in southern

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Copena, Damián, David Pérez-Neira, and Xavier Simón. "Local Economic Impact of Wind Energy Development: Analysis of the Regulatory Framework, Taxation, and Income for Galician Municipalities." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (2019): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082403.

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Wind energy has rapidly developed in the last decades, generating economic impacts at different territorial scales and contributing to rural development. However, few research works have analysed its economic impact at a local scale, especially in rural areas. Galicia is a Spanish region in which 3300 MW of wind energy have been installed in rural municipalities with low levels of socioeconomic activity and important socio-environmental problems. In this sense, the objective of this work is to analyse the local revenues directly derived from wind power activity in relation to changes in the re

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Nguyen, Ha Hong, and Trung Thanh Nguyen. "Factors Affecting the Incomes of Peasant Households Affected by Climate Change in Tra Vinh Province, Viet Nam." Research in World Economy 11, no. 1 (2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n1p130.

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The results of this study aim to propose implicational policies for the People's Committee of Tra Vinh province, Viet Nam; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Tra Vinh province and related departments in Tra Vinh province. Thanks to these results, they may have effective solutions to support peasants who can have new circumstances in the areas of climate change due to adaptive salinization. It can also be stated that it is very necessary to find solutions to raise their incomes, improve better lives in the future. Studying factors on incomes of peasants’ households affected by c

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Robak, Elżbieta. "Expectations of generation Y connected with shaping the work-life balance. The case of Poland." Oeconomia Copernicana 8, no. 4 (2017): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.v8i4.35.

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Research background: Entering of generation Y into the job market causes many interesting insights for both researchers, who analyze the specifics of this generation, as well as practitioners of modern organizations' management. Despite some differences in the charac-teristics of generation Y, the authors involved in this issue agree that generation Y is focused on education and development with simultaneous desire to maintain a balance between work and personal life. More often than older generations, they are willing to use the various programs, offered by their company, supporting reconcili

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Sheikh, Shazia Shahab, Abida Hafeez, and Abdul Hameed Mallah. "Women’s Role In Informal Sector In Hyderabad." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 14, no. 1 (2017): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v14i1.148.

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The aim of the study is to find out how much women are contributing in the household’s budget in slum areas of Hyderabad district. A sample comprised of 200 women workers. They were randomly selected in four slum areas in Hyderabad district including: Parytabad, Ghera coloni (Latifabaf unit 9), Haliroad and Qasmabad. A close ended questionnaire technique was used and data was analyzed through SPSS (version 18). The findings show that about 48% of single status women have more than an average contribution in income generation. It has revealed that women earn less than Rs.5000 per month in the s

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Harun, Nurfarahin, Noraliza Mohamad Ali, and Nur Layali Mohd Ali Khan. "An experimental measure of Malaysia’s gig workers using labour force survey1." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 4 (2020): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200749.

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With the increase in the labour supply and the labour market imbalances globally, a notable increase is witnessed in the number of temporary employments as well as flexible arrangement in employment. This new development coupled with technological advancement create opportunity for flexible work through digital platforms, and the emergence of a new term in employment – the “gig” employment. Examples of gig workers are ‘independent contractors’, ‘consultants’, or ‘contract professor’, which are working only to complete a task for specific time and specific payment, with no work connection with

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Kalleberg, Arne L., and Peter V. Marsden. "Work Values in the United States: Age, Period, and Generational Differences." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 682, no. 1 (2019): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218822291.

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This article examines how processes of aging, generational shifts, and changes over historical time periods shape differences in work values in the United States. Our analyses of data from the General Social Survey and the International Social Survey Program show that changes over historical time periods are most consistently responsible for differences in work values. In particular, during recent periods, Americans tend to place greater importance on jobs that provide security, high income, and opportunities for advancement; this is consistent with a narrative that these job rewards have beco

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Rebello, Eldrich, David Watson, and Marianne Rodgers. "Ancillary services from wind turbines: automatic generation control (AGC) from a single Type 4 turbine." Wind Energy Science 5, no. 1 (2020): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-225-2020.

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Abstract. Wind turbines possess the technical ability to provide various ancillary services to the electrical grid. Despite this, renewable generators such as wind and solar have traditionally not been allowed to provide significant amounts of ancillary services, in part due to the variable and uncertain nature of their electricity generation. Increasing levels of renewable generation, however, continue to displace existing synchronous generation and thus necessitate new sources of ancillary or system services. This work is part of an ongoing project that seeks to provide empirical evidence an

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Kirpik, Gulsen. "Entrepreneurship, Professionalism and Leadership Intention of Generation Z." SEISENSE Journal of Management 3, no. 2 (2020): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v3i2.319.

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Aim - This study aims to measure the level of entrepreneurship, professionalism, and leadership intention of the Z generation. This effort is to investigate whether the socio-demographic characteristics of the Z generation, such as gender, education level, work experience, family income level, the presence of entrepreneurs in the family, or the immediate vicinity, leading to significant differences on the levels of entrepreneurship, professionalism and leadership intention. Methodology – The simple random sampling method was used to collect data. A total of 563 questionnaires was collect

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Bekirov, E. A., S. N. Voskresenskaya, and V. V. Potenko. "ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF OPERATION OF THE WIND POWER PLANTS IN CRIMEA." Construction and industrial safety, no. 20(72) (2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1873-2021-20-31-41.

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The article provides data on the generation and consumption of electricity by a wind farm. To maintain the operability of the wind farm, it is connected to the general grid of the power system, not only for the output of generated electricity, but also for the consumption of the necessary electricity to start the operation of wind turbines. Electricity generation, payback and net profit of a wind power plant of 12 wind turbines were estimated. Subject of study. Wind power plants and their efficiency. Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis is the works of domestic and f

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Wani, Rayees Ahmad, Ishrat Khan, and Rubeenah Akhter. "Impact Of Tourism Industry In Relation To Employment And Income Generation: Evidence From Srinagar District Of Jammu And Kashmir." Think India 22, no. 3 (2019): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8315.

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Tourism is a major economic and social activity of the present time. It is the temporary movement of people from their normal place of residence or work, mainly for pleasure. Due to the economic activities involved in the process of tourism, now it is emerged as an industry which is rapidly growing around the World. Tourism is the major source of foreign exchange earnings for many regions of the world. Tourism need to be addressed at the earliest as tourism has positive as well as negative impact on the cultural diversity, social standards, society and environment. The present study aimed to i

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Gaudel, Yadav Sharma. "Remittance Income in Nepal: Need for Economic Development." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 3, no. 1 (2007): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v3i1.491.

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ABSTRACT Remittance as a major source of foreign currency to the developing nation has become a substantial component of making current account surplus in the balance of payments. It is argued that many workers from Nepal going abroad for employment are no doubt young, energetic, laborious and enthusiastic. They do hard work for earning large remittance income to support their families. However, the downside of remittances reflects the view that remaining young generation for long time outside without family may increase their vulnerability and ultimately they will have a tendency to lea

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Kezar, Adrianna, and Joseph A. Kitchen. "Concluding Thoughts." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 3 (2019): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219869416.

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This issue has explored the efficacy of two comprehensive college transition programs: CSU STEM Collaboratives and the Thompson Scholars Learning Community. Both studies identify similar issues that merit further exploration and point to key findings that practitioners should consider to guide their future work with first-generation, low-income, and underrepresented students.

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Kwalamthan, Wattanachai, Dusadee Ayuwat, and Wanichcha Narongchai. "Skipped-Generation Families: Economic Happiness in Rural North-Eastern Thailand." JKMP (Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik) 6, no. 2 (2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jkmp.v6i2.3002.

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This paper investigates economic happiness of skipped-generation families in rural north-eastern Thailand. The qualitative methodological approach was implemented in the study. Data collection was conducted in April - May 2018 and in-depth interview was used as a research instrument to collect data from two groups of key informants, including 1) community leaders, community seniors, and community commitees, In total eight persons, and 2) skipped-generation families living in a rural north-eastern region of Thailand, in total twenty families. Data analysis was done by the content analysis metho

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Shahzad, Umer, Magdalena Radulescu, Syed Rahim, Cem Isik, Zahid Yousaf, and Stefan Alexandru Ionescu. "Do Environment-Related Policy Instruments and Technologies Facilitate Renewable Energy Generation? Exploring the Contextual Evidence from Developed Economies." Energies 14, no. 3 (2021): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030690.

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Attaining sustainable development and cleaner production is a major challenge both for developed and developing economies; income, institutional regulations, institutional quality and international trade are the key determinants of environmental externalities. The current work attempts to study the role of environmental taxes and regulations on renewable energy generation for developed economies. For that, the authors have used the annual dataset for the period 1994 to 2018. More specifically, the study investigates the impacts of environmental taxes, environment-related technologies and the e

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Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk, Mohammed A. Quddus, Robert B. Noland, and Michael G. H. Bell. "Estimating Trip Generation of Elderly and Disabled People." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, no. 1 (2005): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400102.

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The aging of populations has implications for trip-making behavior and the demand for special transport services. The London Area Travel Survey 2001 is analyzed to establish the trip-making characteristics of elderly and disabled people. Ordinal probit models are fitted for all trips and for trips by four purposes (work, shopping, personal business, and recreational), with daily trip frequency as the latent variable. A log-linear model is used to analyze trip length. A distinction must be made between young disabled, younger elderly, and older elderly people. Retired people initially tend to m

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Harish, N. "Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act on Rural Households: A Case Study in Davanagere District of Karnataka." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 3 (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i3.1137.

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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has been playing an important role in employment generation and poverty alleviation in rural India. It was “an Act to provide for the enhancement of livelihood security of the households in rural areas of the country by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to every household whose adult members’ volunteer to do unskilled manual work and for matters connected or incidental thereto”. In this paper, an effort has been made to evaluate the changes in terms of employment level,

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Kezar, Adrianna, Rosemary J. Perez, Joseph A. Kitchen, and Ronald E. Hallett. "Learning How to Tailor Programmatic Offerings to Support Low-income, First-generation, and Racially Minoritized Student Success." Journal of Postsecondary Student Success 1, no. 1 (2021): 25–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsop_jpss127933.

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This study focused on the process of how the staff at the Thompson Scholars Learning Community (TSLC), a comprehensive college transition program, tailored the programmatic offerings to meet the needs of low-income, first generation and racialized minority students. Because college students are complex individuals, each of whom faces a unique set of challenges and opportunities, it is reasonable to hypothesize that tailoring support services to the multiple needs of each student may make them more effective. The research identifies a four-part iterative and cyclical process to tailor the progr

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Poudel, Bhumidatta, and Balaram Devkota. "Elderly's Contribution in Employment Generation A Study of Mandandeupur Municipality, Kavreplanchowk." Patan Pragya 7, no. 1 (2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v7i1.35042.

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The study primarily looks upon the areas of skills and expertise of elderly and their ability to generate employment based on their own experiences. The study was done in Mandandeupur Municipality of Kavre, where 106 elderly were interviewed regarding their knowledge and experiences, skill transfer and its benefits for younger generation. The study also examines the current status of elderly in the society as well as their economic contribution in their families. Conducted in a rural location; almost all of the elderly were involved in agriculture as their main profession and had started their

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Usanga, I. N., R. K. Etim, and V. Umoren. "Estimation of trip generation rates for residential land use in Uyo, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (2021): 972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.2.

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Change in trip rates affects a transportation system and could lead to the redesign of the transport infrastructure in order to satisfy the new demand. This study estimates trip generation rates for residential land use in Uyo using cross classification method. Five (5) residential estates were considered and household survey carried out to collect trip data from 500 households on purpose and mode of travel through household interview and their response recorded in questionnaire. Four independent variables (household size, household income, car ownership, number of employed persons) were used

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LÓPEZ-FELDMAN, ALEJANDRO, and JAMES E. WILEN. "Poverty and spatial dimensions of non-timber forest extraction." Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 5 (2008): 621–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x08004518.

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ABSTRACTConservationists promote non-timber forest products (NTFP) to simultaneously alleviate poverty and conserve ecosystems. Unfortunately, little is known about how such products actually contribute to poverty alleviation, or how various complementary policies such as green marketing campaigns or cooperative management might impact resource health and users' welfare. This paper develops a simple NTFP extraction model that focuses on spatial and labor market dimensions of use in both managed and unmanaged settings. The model contrasts patterns of spatial use, resource health, and income gen

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Marinheski, Vanderlei. "A produção da erva mate (ilex paraguariensis) no contexto da agricultura familiar no município de Cruz Machado-PR." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 3, no. 1 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2017.v3.207.

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The general objective of the research was to evaluate the participation of mate herb (Ilex paraguariensis) in the economic context of the Municipality of Cruz Machado in the state of Paraná, their perspectives of local development and income generation in the family farming system. The methodology used was the bibliographical research and consultation on line in the main organ and secretaries, plus the field work with the investigation of some rural properties of the municipality of Cruz Machado. In family agriculture systems, the logistic of relief occupations is associated with the geomorpho

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Valtonen, Kathleen. "Bread and Tea: A Study of the Integration of Low-Income Immigrants from Other Caribbean Territories into Trinidad." International Migration Review 30, no. 4 (1996): 995–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839603000406.

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This study examines immigrant integration in the low socioeconomic stratum in Trinidad. Integration is operationalized as participation in overlapping societal spheres. The study also focuses on corollary aspects of access and goals. While several factors facilitated participation in the social sphere, labor market participation was inhibited by conditions of open unemployment and underemployment. These exigencies had elicited strategies of subsistence from first generation immigrants whose work-related attitudes, ethics, and wage expectation levels functioned to their advantage and led to the

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Reier Forradellas, Ricardo, Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso, Javier Jorge-Vazquez, Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández, and Nicolas Vidal Miró. "Entrepreneurship, Sport, Sustainability and Integration: A Business Model in the Low-Season Tourism Sector." Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10040117.

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The global tourism reality is changing, and not only because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reality is especially representative in countries such as Spain, which are highly dependent on the income generated by the tourism sector. In these destinations, it is necessary to seek innovation and specialization in the sector in order to achieve new business models. This need is even more pressing in destinations overcrowded by the sun and beach effect, as is the case of Mallorca. The proposed work combines the concepts of sports tourism with the development of a wealth-generating business model tha

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Kluth, Sebastian, and Martin Gasche. "Ersatzraten in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung / Replacement Rates in the German Statutory Pension System." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 235, no. 6 (2015): 553–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2015-0604.

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Summary This paper aims to find an adequate concept to evaluate the replacement rate of the latest retiree generation of 2010. Classic replacement rates fail to provide meaningful conclusions because they can only be calculated for around half the retirees. This paper proposes an alternative figure, the so-called life cycle replacement rate, which relates individuals’ pension payments to the average real income over their whole working history. In sum, work history related characteristics like marital status, income or retirement age strongly influence individuals’ replacement rates. Furthermo

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Shah, Nasreen Aslam, Muhammad Nadeemullah, Muhammad Faisal Zia, and Shamim Soomro. "The Self Employed Women, Women Entrepreneurs And Work." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 8, no. 1 (2014): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v8i1.340.

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This study highlights foundation that women encompass – inside their houses as unpaid family work, as wage-earners to be found at the lowest position of income generating work and as care-givers. Here few questions could come to one’s mind that what is the extent of women’s responsiveness regarding work, of everyday jobs, of class and role? How do they differentiate themselves being dominated under weight of various roles? Or are they doubly demoralized by the patriarchal system? How this amalgamation of professions is made possible? The study illustrates field research seeking answers to thes

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D’AMATO, Maurizio. "INCOME APPROACH AND PROPERTY MARKET CYCLE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 19, no. 3 (2015): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1048762.

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This paper is focused on a proposed valuation method including real estate market cycle analysis in real estate valuation process. Starting from early works on this field (d'Amato 2003) the work highlight the dangerous gap between academic research on property market cycles and professional practice of property valuation. The danger of this gap comes from the fact that in spite it is well documented that the property market has a “natural” cyclical behaviour, the opinions of value based on income approaches still relies on assumption of a stable or perpetually growing (or decreasing) income. T

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Vourdoubas, John. "Application of Distributed Electricity Generation Systems in Agricultural Greenhouses." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 71 (December 5, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.71.20.26.

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Use of distributed electricity generation systems is currently increasing due to their economic and environmental benefits. Agricultural greenhouses require heat and electricity for covering their energy needs while their annual energy requirements vary significantly. Aim of the current work is the investigation of applying various distributed electricity generation systems in greenhouses. A review of different distributed generation systems currently used in various sectors as well as in greenhouses has been implemented. Various technologies are examined utilizing either renewable energies or

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Ghayur, Sabur. "Labour Market Issues in Pakistan: Unemployment, Working Conditions, and Child Labour." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (1996): 789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.789-803.

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Pakistan’s labour market is showing its inability to continue the past trend of labour absorption. Generation of additional work opportunities commensurate with labour supplies, increasing by over 3 percent annually, has emerged as the most formidable challenge of the nineties. The labour market is presently confronted with the twin menace of unemployment and underemployment. Although, the rate of unemployment has not as yet assumed serious proportions, the worrying aspect of this 5 percent unemployment is its concentration amongst the youth, and educated and trained. The under-utilisation of

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Yang, Won-Sik, and Soo-Myung Choi. "Performance Analysis on Income Generation Works in Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project by Their Implementation." Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning 19, no. 1 (2013): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7851/ksrp.2013.19.1.055.

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Smith-Kayode, Oluwatimilehin (Timi). "Gender Resource Utilization in Integrated Postharvest System for Citrus Fruits." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 891F—891. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.891f.

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Integrated postharvest system comprising the fresh-market and juice processing from citrus fruits was the model system selected to evaluate gender participation in fruit agribusiness in Nigeria. This was in realization of the role of women in family support and food security. Results showed 60% of the labor force engaged in citrus processing and fresh fruit marketing are women. Fruit retailing involves partial processing through peeling and short-term modified-atmosphere packaging, while key unit operations of processing cover juice production, handling, and quality control. Retail activities

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Odubiyi, Tawakalitu Bisola. "Nigerian Professional Female Construction Workers in Vocational Occupations: Diversification or Deviation?" Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 10, no. 1 (2018): 1696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2018-0001.

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Abstract The construction industry did not just evolve on its own. It is a product of the conscious efforts of several individuals called construction workers. In Nigeria, it is a large employer of the population, skilled, unskilled, and professional. However, the Nigerian construction industry, similar to other industries, is currently in a phase of economic reform. This is largely attributed to the present economic situation. The current recession condition of the Nigerian economy has an adverse effect on the income of the citizenry. This implies that other sources of income alongside the ba

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Dorofeeva, Zlata. "Work Trajectories of High-Resource Multi-Child Mothers." Sociological Journal 26, no. 4 (2020): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2020.26.4.7644.

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The period of maternity leave for multi-child mothers is generally longer than for mothers with a smaller number of children, and securing a job after taking a break, in conjunction with an increased volume of family responsibilities, is more difficult. When high-resource multi-child mothers return to the labor market, they expect not only a “motherhood penalty”, but also with a high probability a “penalty” for being overeducated. Their solution for the conflict between “motherhood” and “work” most often involves either a complete refusal to be employed, or finding more flexible options in the

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Adriaenssens, Stef, Giulia Garofalo Geymonat, Laura Oso, and KU Leuven. "Quality of Work in Prostitution and Sex Work. Introduction to the Special Section." Sociological Research Online 21, no. 4 (2016): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4165.

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Increasingly, prostitution and other activities in the sex industries have been conceptualised as forms of labour, or at least as income-generating activities. As labour, these activities are exposed to particular risks with respect to health, working conditions, exploitation and stigmatisation. However, research on the actual conditions and circumstances existing in these markets, remains limited. The present article introduces some of the main issues researchers may face when studying quality of work in the sex industry, and it does so by introducing and discussing the six pieces of research

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Wilson, Gail. "Women's Work: The Role of Grandparents in Inter-Generational Transfers." Sociological Review 35, no. 4 (1987): 703–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1987.tb00562.x.

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This article surveys the role of grandparents in providing a continuing level of material support in 61 households with dependent children in an inner city area. It concludes that assistance is structured by gender, income level, household financial organisation, residential proximity, need and ideology. In terms of the provision of continuing support to households with young children, grandparents are important but grandmothers give more assistance than grandfathers and they direct it where it is most needed. It is important for grandmothers to have access to paid work. The ideology of assist

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