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1

Liu, Junxiang. "Microfinance Risk Management with Work Breakdown Structure." Journal of Financial Risk Management 01, no. 03 (2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jfrm.2012.13007.

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Katz, Barry, and Naftali Lerman. "Building a three dimensional work breakdown structure." ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 16, no. 4 (July 1985): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2147774.2147777.

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3

Lee, Jonathan, Whan-Yo Deng, Wen-Tin Lee, Shin-Jie Lee, Kuo-Hsun Hsu, and Shang-Pin Ma. "Integrating Process and Work Breakdown Structure with Design Structure Matrix." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, no. 5 (July 20, 2010): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0512.

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In software development, project plans document scope, cost, effort, and schedule, guide project managers, and control project execution. Developing a project plan without incorporating how an organization doing things - i.e., organizational culture - may lead to project failure. To ensure stable process performance and to benefit from organizational culture, it is crucial that organizational processes be taken into account in project planning. Organizational processes enable stable process performance across an organization and provide a basis for cumulative, long term benefits to the organization. In proposing a systematic approach that supports bi-directional transformation between processes and the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), we propose Process2WBS and WBS2Process to assist project managers in project planning with an organization’s set of standard processes. Process2WBS consumes processes and transforms them into a WBS with Design Structure Matrix (DSM) analysis, and WBS2Process transforms the WBS with project-specific information into executable processes expressed in XPDL.
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Supriadi, L. S. R., B. Wisesatama, and Y. Latief. "Development of work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary for road construction works." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 195 (December 14, 2018): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/195/1/012007.

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5

Tausworthe, Robert C. "The Work Breakdown Structure in Software Project Management." Journal of Parametrics 6, no. 2 (June 1986): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10157891.1986.10462686.

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6

Siami-Irdemoosa, Elnaz, Saeid R. Dindarloo, and Mostafa Sharifzadeh. "Work breakdown structure (WBS) development for underground construction." Automation in Construction 58 (October 2015): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.07.016.

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7

Darongke, Chyntia Christina, and Yusuf Latief. "Development of Safety Cost on Upper Structure Building Based on Work Breakdown Structure." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8733.

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Construction as one of the most influencing industry to the country’s economy on the other hand also have the highest number of workplace accidents. Based on the data, 32% of accidental cases in Indonesia happened on constructional sectors. Hazard combine with work environments, workers behavior, organizational factor are the few reasons on the high number of workplace accident. In order to controlling the accidents, the safety risks in the construction industry need to be addressed. This paper aims to developing the standardized work breakdown structure for upper structure in building as a series of task in the form activities and to identify the safety risks in construction project based on work breakdown structure in order to effectively listing the workplace safety risk to maximizing the prevention. The risks listed also following by the prevention needed for controlling the risks, and the prevention would help to develop the component needed for cost of safety. In the end, the component of the cost of safety based on the prevention on the risk for each work breakdown structure will be more detailed and accurate.
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8

Chirillo, L. D. "Product Work Breakdown: An Essential Approach for Ship Overhauls." Journal of Ship Production 5, no. 03 (August 1, 1989): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1989.5.3.167.

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Some North American shipyard managers have successfully adopted a product work breakdown structure for ship construction. Adoption by those who would compete is inevitable. But, none have applied the same product-oriented approach for ship overhauls. Yet, significant progress is being made by a naval shipyard. In yards which accept both challenges, continuing to employ a system work breakdown structure for overhauls while applying a product work breakdown structure for construction doesn't make sense. Two different management information systems are required. Thus, this paper identifies how the same product-oriented logic successfully applied to improve construction productivity, also applies for overhauls.2
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9

Garvey, Paul R. "Modeling Cost and Schedule UncertaintiesA Work Breakdown Structure Perspective." Military Operations Research 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5711/morj.2.1.37.

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10

Wang, Kun Fei, Guang Rong Yan, and Wei Wang. "Research of WBS Construction Technology for Large Aircraft Based on Artificial Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.812.

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To ensure development work breakdown comprehensive and thorough for large aircraft product, this paper put forward a WBS decomposition technique based on artificial neural network. On the basis of analysis of the neural network model and work breakdown structure (WBS), project control work breakdown structure (PCWBS), functional work breakdown structure (FWBS), relational work breakdown structure (RWBS), I set up a model which could get PCWBS, FWBS, RWBS and then get WBS according to the knowledge of the similar aircraft development WBS decomposition, so as to realize the automatic acquisition of WBS by input the general project attribute, which replaced the traditional state of depends on the personnel’s experience, and improve efficiency. Based on this, a prototype system is developed, and has been validated by a large aircraft WBS’s generation.
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11

Latief, Y., G. R. Kusumaningtyas, and L. S. R. Supriadi. "Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary development for the construction works of flyover projects." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 195 (December 14, 2018): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/195/1/012003.

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12

Latief, Yusuf, Dina Nurdiani, and Leni Sagita Riantini Supriadi. "Development of work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary for the construction works of lower structure steel bridge." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925802003.

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The lower structure of a steel bridge is one of the essential elements of a whole steel bridge structure. The construction works of this structure are complex and extensive. In the process of planning the construction works for this element, thorough and well-designed plan is vital in order to avoid construction failures or defects that could lead to project failure. Therefore, in the construction planning process for the lower structure steel bridge, a detailed construction process and activities, including its resources are needed for guiding the process effectively and comply with the project requirements. The decomposition of the construction works into work packages is important to minimize mistakes, which is by using a definitive work breakdown structure (WBS) and its detailed dictionary for each work packages. The objective of this study is to develop the WBS dictionary based on the defined WBS, for each construction work elements in the lower structure steel bridge. The study used Delphi method and expert validation as its methodology. The result provides the WBS dictionary that specifies the construction works of lower structure steel bridge into four (4) levels of WBS and two (2) supplementary levels of detailed activities and resources.
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Putro, A., Y. Latief, A. Nursin, and B. S. Soepandji. "Development of Work Breakdown Structure for Stadium Work as Project Guideline and Standard." International Journal of Engineering 35, no. 7 (2022): 1291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/ije.2022.35.07a.08.

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14

Shi, L. "Knowledge push system based on work breakdown structure and ontology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1812, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1812/1/012028.

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15

T. Hans, Robert. "Work Breakdown Structure: A Tool for Software Project Scope Verification." International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications 4, no. 4 (July 31, 2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijsea.2013.4402.

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16

Ayu Herzanita. "PENGGUNAAN STANDARD WBS (WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE) PADA PROYEK BANGUNAN GEDUNG." Jurnal Infrastruktur 5, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v5i1.613.

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WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) plays an important role in every construction project. WBS is a hierarchy of decreasing scope of work to become the smallest level called a work package, making it easier in the process of project management and control. The current problem is that many contractors in Indonesia, both large and small contractors, do not understand the importance of using WBS in a construction project. This causes project performance to be less than optimal, especially on cost and time performance. Currently, WBS standards have been developed for building projects. In this study will look at the cost and time performance of the project from the use of WBS standard building. The sample used in this study are projects that have applied the use of project standards. The projects include Building X, Lecture Building Y, and Sports Facility Building Z. The method used in this study is the EVM (Earn Value Method) approach, collecting data using questionnaires. The results showed that using the WBS standard had an effect on cost and time performance. Good cost and time performance is shown in the Building X and Lecture Y buildings. While the cost and time performance of the Z Sports Facility Building tends to be unstable. This is because the work items that exist in the WBS standard are not in accordance with the project conditions, so it is necessary to adjust work items.
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Sutrisna, Monty, Chamila D. D. Ramanayaka, and Jack S. Goulding. "Developing work breakdown structure matrix for managing offsite construction projects." Architectural Engineering and Design Management 14, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2018.1477728.

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18

Makarfi Ibrahim, Yahaya, Ammar Kaka, Ghassan Aouad, and Mike Kagioglou. "Framework for a generic work breakdown structure for building projects." Construction Innovation 9, no. 4 (October 9, 2009): 388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14714170910995930.

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19

Khera, Rajiv, Pat Ransom, and Thomas F. Speth. "Using work breakdown structure models to develop unit treatment costs." Journal - American Water Works Association 105, no. 11 (November 2013): E628—E641. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0129.

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20

Sequeira, Sérgio, and Eurico Lopes. "Simple Method Proposal for Cost Estimation from Work Breakdown Structure." Procedia Computer Science 64 (2015): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.559.

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21

Jung, Youngsoo, and Sungkwon Woo. "Flexible Work Breakdown Structure for Integrated Cost and Schedule Control." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 130, no. 5 (October 2004): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2004)130:5(616).

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22

Maravas, Alexander, John-Paris Pantouvakis, and Sergios Lambropoulos. "An Integrated Information System for Monitoring Construction Works." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.2014010104.

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There is a global tendency towards implementing centralized project monitoring with the use of advanced information systems in large projects. This trend is mandated by issues such as the geographical dispersion of projects, the number of contractors and the total amount of works. In this respect, the integrated information system that has been utilized to monitor the construction works of the Egnatia Motorway project in Greece is presented. Reference is made to the software, hardware, information technology architecture, quality procedures and personnel training for the successful implementation of the system. Special mention is made to the data structures that are utilised (enterprise project structure, organizational breakdown structure, resource breakdown structure, and work breakdown structure). In addition, comments are made from the experiences drawn from the implementation of the system. Overall, it is concluded that the integrated system constitutes a central focal point for corporate scheduling and cost control.
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23

de la Fuente, Ramon, and Ernesto Manzanares. "A Production Control System Based on Earned Value Concepts." Journal of Ship Production 12, no. 03 (August 1, 1996): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1996.12.3.153.

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In the past four years, Astilleros Espafioles S.A. (AESA) has completed the implementation of its shipbuilding industrial model, based on the use of a product work breakdown structure (PWBS) for each new construction shipyard. As a logical development of this model, a new production control system has been built using earned value techniques. This paper describes the state of the implementation of this production control system. First, the basic structures of the shipbuilding model are defined as the product work breakdown structure of each ship under construction, the process breakdown structure of the shipyard, and the organizational breakdown structure. Also described is how these structures are reflected in the basic logical concepts of the production control system: product, process, organization, control accounts and control points (by product, process or organization), work packages and work orders. The functional description of the production control system is explained. Some examples of outputs are presented, stressing the method of result analysis prepared for each responsibility level of the shipyard general manager, production manager, and shop and production unit managers. Next, the development of the implementation phase in one test corporate shipyard is described, as well as the main problems found and the way in which they have been solved. Finally, some conclusions about the production control system are presented, together with several future planned developments for the system.
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24

Nazarkova, E. A., and V. D. Sekerin. "Cost management in foreign enterprises." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 3-5 (October 10, 2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66987.

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The paper discusses approaches to cost management through cost elements grouping and work breakdown structure. The example of calculation Formula SAE race car is given to prove the con-venience of work breakdown structure application.
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Ren, Nan, Jing Xue, and Yin Wang. "The Task Decoupling Study on Work Breakdown Structure of Complex Product." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2486.

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The coupled tasks of complex product may lead to iterations and iterative process and it would influence the quality and schedule of the complex product development. To achieve a reasonable planning about tasks, this paper works on the information transfer between measurable tasks to calculate the dependency degree on the basis of the variability and sensitivity, then construct a fuzzy dependency structure matrix to reflect the dependency of the coupled tasks. Then utilize matrix power to identify coupled task set, and decouple the coupled tasks. At last, this paper verifies this theory with instance.
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Beghini, Giorgio. "Work Breakdown Structure, lo strumento cardine della gestione di un progetto." PROJECT MANAGER (IL), no. 14 (July 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pm2013-014008.

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27

Al-Kasasbeh, Maha, Osama Abudayyeh, and Hexu Liu. "A unified work breakdown structure-based framework for building asset management." Journal of Facilities Management 18, no. 4 (August 17, 2020): 437–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-06-2020-0035.

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Purpose Asset inventory is an essential part of any building asset management system and is needed by such functions as condition assessment and deterioration prediction. Previous studies in asset management systems have suggested the use of one of the many standard construction classification systems, such as UniFormat or MasterFormat, in achieving the goals of asset management. However, each classification system has its unique features, and it has been developed for different purposes and may not necessarily be directly adaptable to asset management. A proper classification system is thus needed to achieve the goals of building asset management effectively. Such a system must take into consideration the objectives and functions of asset management. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish a unified work breakdown structure (WBS)-based framework for building asset inventory. Design/methodology/approach The WBS-based framework aims to cover the entire lifecycle of an asset so as to provide the unified classification system for asset inventory. The proposed framework is developed based on appropriate building standards. Also, comprehensive levels of details are included for space functions and locations for all assets in any type of building. Furthermore, this framework takes into consideration utilities in any kind of building project. As such, the WBS-based framework proposed in this research endeavor provides the basis for effective asset management. An educational building case study is presented and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework for asset management. Findings The unified WBS-based framework for building asset management effectively classifies asset inventories and facilitates decision-making in asset management during the lifecycle of an asset. Originality/value This research synthesizes a unified WBS-based framework for building asset management, which allows for a more effective lifecycle building asset management.
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Ren, Nan, John R. Drake, Yixin Li, and April H. Reed. "Review and outlook of work breakdown structure for complex product manufacturing." International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management 28, no. 4/5/6 (2014): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmtm.2014.066698.

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Rianty, Mirradewi, Yusuf Latief, and Leni Sagita Riantini. "Development of risk-based standardized WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) for quality planning of high rise building architectural works." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901019.

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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a breakdown of project work into smaller components so it can be better managed. Although each project is unique, most buildings can be standardized in their activities to enable the provision of a stronger forecast for project management. Quality performance is also important to be controlled and risk consideration approach is now required for overall quality management process in the updated ISO 9001. Therefore, the development of risk-based WBS for quality planning is proposed. The objective of the study was to develop risk-based WBS for high-quality building architectural works. The research consisted of several stages with qualitative risk analysis method. The result indicates that standardized WBS consists of 5 primary levels and 2 complementary levels, with 14 dominant risk variables on quality performance, and recommended risk responses as the development.
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Kim, Chae-Yong, Jong-Gyu Lee, Jae-Yong Lee, and Soo-Yong Lee. "Analysis of the Work Breakdown Structure and Cost-Rate for Small Interior Works in Apartment." Journal of the Korean Institute of Building Construction 10, no. 1 (February 20, 2010): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5345/jkic.2010.10.1.213.

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Riantini Supriadi, Leni Sagita, Raihan Biruni, and Yusuf Latief. "Development of work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary for the construction works of precast concrete bridge." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (October 1, 2018): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/420/1/012004.

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Putra Lim, Anrio Wira, and Yusuf Latief. "The Development of Safety Plan Using Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Based Building Structure Work." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 1402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8818.

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One of the most influential factors on the project success in the construction industry is the safety management system. The rate of the occupational accidents in the construction sector is still very high according to the report of the Institution of Social Security Employment in Indonesia. One of the causes of the high rate of the occupational accidents that occur is due to the unnoticed work activities which is caused by the lack of control on the risks of the work activities. To discovered all of the activities on a work package, we can use a tool called WBS or Work Breakdown Structure. Besides that, by using the advancement of technology, it is expected to be used to improve safety performance on the construction projects effectively and efficiently. One of the advancements of technology which is already been used in the construction sector on this era is the BIM (Building Information Modeling). With using the BIM system on the construction projects, the quality of the work during the planning and construction phase will be increasing. Therefore, the development of a safety plan using WBS for BIM-based building structure work will be carried out in this study. The research method in this paper is a qualitative method and a case study will be presented on this paper to find out the effectiveness with using BIM in the safety management process. The results of this research are the occupational accident risks that are dominantly using the WBS and the development of the safety plan using WBS for BIM-based building structures work. The case study results the integrating of safety building information with the 4D model is very effective and efficient method to use on the safety management process. With the BIM system in the safety management process, the budget and the duration for safety inspection can be reduced because the hazardous of the occupational accidents can be identified faster according to the construction schedule. This research is expected to create a safety management strategy and can improve the safety performance on building construction projects in Indonesia.
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Abujudeh, Said. "Improving the Work Breakdown Structure of the Plant Installation - Case: Asphalt Plant." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 3, no. 5 (December 10, 2018): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2018.5.20.

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The improvement of the project management forced the industrial organizations to focus on using the project management techniques in their industry, to plan and control the workflow to achieve their targets, further to increase the satisfaction of their customers. One of the most common project management tools are used is the work breakdown structure (WBS), which provide a framework for the implementation of the project scope including project planning, scheduling, monitoring, control, and estimation. Depending on the top-down approach the project activities will be broken into smaller parts that can be measured and controlled during the project implementation. The well-defined construction of the structure contributes to making the project more realistic and visual. However, the misunderstanding of the project WBS among the project team creates deflection and misinterpretation of the project scope. The main issue of this research is to improve the WBS of the installation plan and develop a standard WBS for plant installation. The research was limited to Asphalt plant installation WBS as a case study to identify the weaknesses of the current WBS at the case company which leads to extra installation time and cost. The research is offering a template WBS based on the company logic, defining the frequent risks that affect the plant installation based on the WBS and suggesting a suitable response strategy by recommending a control framework to monitor and control the WBS schedule throughout all installation phases.
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García-Fornieles, J. M., I. S. Fan, A. Perez, C. Wainwright, and K. Sehdev. "A Work Breakdown Structure that Integrates Different Views in Aircraft Modification Projects." Concurrent Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 2003): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x03011001005.

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Basten, V., Y. Latief, M. A. Berawi, Riswanto, and H. Muliarto. "Green Building Premium Cost Analysis in Indonesia Using Work Breakdown Structure Method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 124 (March 2018): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/124/1/012004.

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Anggraini, Amelia, and Yusuf Latief. "Development of work breakdown structure standard for safety planning on stadium construction work based on risk." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012073.

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Nugroho, Danang Budi, and Yusuf Latife. "Development of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for Safety Planning on Tunneling Work Projects Based on Risk." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1858, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012076.

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Hidayah, Defi Nurul, Yusuf Latief, and Leni Sagita Riantini. "Development of work breakdown structure standard based on risk for safety planning on dam construction work." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (October 1, 2018): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/420/1/012003.

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Zhang, Nian Mu, Fu Lai Luo, Lei Bi, and Lian Xing Hu. "Cost Risk Assessment for Large Hydropower Project Based on the Probability Distribution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 1015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.1015.

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Probability distribution is adopted to evaluate the cost risk of large hydropower project. Risk factors are firstly identified through Work Breakdown Structure(WBS), Cost Breakdown Structure(CBS) and Risk Breakdown Structure(RBS), and then individual risk factor probability distribution is measured by method combined Monte Carlo simulation model and the controlled interval memory (CIM) model. By superimposing individual ones, probability distribution of cost under the influence of a number of risk factors is achieved, which provides effective information for investment decision and cost control.
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Brandić, Vanda, and Ddamir Kolić. "PWBS Best Practice Analysis of Two Shipyards." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 2, Special edition 2 (April 2018): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2018-00.47.

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The product work breakdown structure (PWBS) of a shipyard defines both the interim product breakdown and the work breakdown. Shipyards that have a well defined PWBS can effectively reduce man-hours by applying techniques of group technology and hull block construction method (HBCM). In this paper, a case study of typical double-bottom blocks of both a car carrier and a self-unloading bulker vessel designed in different shipyards, are analyzed. Since each shipyard applies a different interim product breakdown structure (PBS), a best practice tabular comparision demonstrates which PBS is better. The conclusion is that different shipyards under the same corporation should objectively apply best practice methods which recognize and apply what is best from one yard to the other yard and vice-versa. This will raise the competitiveness level of both shipyards.
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Ikarwitaza, Pandu Anugerah, Leni Sagita Riantini, and Yusuf Latief. "Development of Dictionary and Checklist based on WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) of Structure Works in Stadium Construction for Safety Planning." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 794, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012045.

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Rajagukguk, Steven Anderson T. M., and Yusuf Latief. "Development of Safety Plan Based on Work Breakdown Structure to Determine Safety Costs for Building Construction Projects. Case Study: Lower Structure Building." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 934–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8745.

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The construction industry has an important role in the economic development of the country, especially developing countries. However, along with the increase in the construction sector, work accidents in the construction sector also increased. This accident has a negative impact on the project, such as loss of life, material, time, and others. The risk of workplace accidents can be prevented through a well-designed safety management system. The prevention of the workplace accidents can be done by identifying potential hazards that occur in each activity contained in the work breakdown structure (WBS). Identification of potential hazards is needed to be planned well so that the construction companies can take the best preventive action against any potential hazards that exist in each activity of the construction projects, so the safety performance can be improved. After the potential hazards have been identified, then the preventive actions are taken to control the hazards to minimize the safety risk rate. The implementation of safety programs requires costs. But there is no separate budget in this sector that make the implementation of the safety management is still not optimal. Thus, the financing of the safety management system was taken from the project budget, which led to a reduction in the profits of construction companies. This study aims to develop the cost of safety management system based on work breakdown structure on the building lower structure work. The results of this study are the standardized WBS of the lower structure of buildings, potential hazard sources in the lower structure of the building construction projects, the preventive action to each potential hazards in each activity, and finding the safety cost components based on work breakdown structure with the aim of improving the quality of the occupational health and safety management system and reducing work accidents in the building construction projects.
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43

Fatia, Salma, Annisa Heparyanti Safitri, Yayang Galuh Nur Khamidatullailiyah, Muhammad Ainul Yaqin, and Abd Charis Fauzan. "Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Organisasi Sekolah Berbasis Work Breakdown Structure berdasarkan Standar Nasional Pendidikan." ILKOMNIKA: Journal of Computer Science and Applied Informatics 4, no. 2 (August 26, 2022): 216–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/ilkomnika.v4i2.147.

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Permasalahan yang seringkali dihadapi oleh organisasi sekolah di Indonesia adalah rendahnya mutu pendidikan. Organisasi sekolah memiliki tujuan untuk menciptakan lulusan berkualitas. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk merincikan aktivitas-aktivitas dalam organisasi sekolah berdasarkan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP). SNP terdiri dari delapan standar yaitu, standar isi, standar proses, standar kompetensi lulusan, standar pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, standar sarana dan prasarana, standar pengelolaan, standar pembiayaan, serta standar penilaian pendidikan. Agar dapat memenuhi SNP tersebut, sekolah harus melakukan serangkaian proses bisnis yang didapatkan dari deskripsi kerja menggunakan Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). Hasil penelitian menggunakan notasi Business Process Model Notation (BPMN), didapatkan 10 model proses untuk standar isi, 4 model proses untuk standar proses pendidikan 4, 1 model proses untuk standar kompetensi lulusan, 6 model proses untuk standar pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, 6 untuk standar sarana dan prasarana, 4 model proses untuk standar pengelolaan, 6 model proses untuk standar pembiayaan, serta 4 model proses untuk standar penilaian.
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44

Połoński, M. "Application Of The Work Breakdown Structure In Determining Cost Buffers In Construction Schedules." Archives of Civil Engineering 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0010.

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AbstractThe paper presents methods of determining the location of cost buffers and corresponding contingency costs in the CPM schedule based on its work breakdown structure. Application of correctly located cost buffers with appropriately established reserve costs is justified by the common overrunning of scheduled costs in construction projects. Interpolated cost buffers (CB) as separate tasks have been combined with relevant summary tasks by the start–to–start (SS) relationship, whereas the time of their execution has been dynamically connected with the time of accomplishment of particular summary tasks using the “paste connection” option. Besides cost buffers linked with the group of tasks assigned to summary tasks, a definition of the cost buffer for the entire project (PCB) has been proposed, i.e. as one initial task of the entire project. Contingency costs corresponding to these buffers, depending on the data that the planner has at his disposal, can be determined using different methods, but always depend on the costs of all tasks protected by each buffer. The paper presents an exemplary schedule for a facility and the method of determining locations and cost for buffers CB and PCB, as well as their influence on the course of the curve illustrating the budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS). The proposed solution has been adjusted and presented with consideration of the possibilities created by the scheduling software MS Project, though its general assumptions may be implemented with application of other similar specialist tools.
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45

Fathoni, R., Y. Latief, and R. A. Machfudiyanto. "Landscape and housekeeping government building preventive maintenance guidebook based on work breakdown structure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1516 (April 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1516/1/012014.

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46

Sitohang, Daniel, Yusuf Latief, and Leni Sagita Riantini. "Development of Risk-Based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Standard to Improve Scheduling Planning of Airport Construction Work." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 258 (May 10, 2019): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/258/1/012052.

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47

Pasaribu, Budiarto, Yusuf Latief, and Leni Sagita Riantini. "Development of Risk-Based Standardized Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to Improve Quality Planning of Drainage Construction Work." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 258 (May 10, 2019): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/258/1/012054.

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48

Muaffaq, Miftach Noorvickia, Septian Yustina Yasin, Abunawas Arifandi, and Muhammad Ainul Yaqin. "Pemodelan Proses Bisnis Organisasi Pondok Pesantren Berdasarkan Standar Sekolah Berasrama Menggunakan Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)." ILKOMNIKA: Journal of Computer Science and Applied Informatics 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 240–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/ilkomnika.v2i3.145.

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Pondok Pesantren menjadi salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang berbasis islami dengan berakar dari budaya masyarakat yang ada di Indonesia. Pada pondok pesantren, dalam melakukan suatu kegiatan yang ada di dalamnya pasti mempunyai proses bisnis yang harus dijalankan. Sebuah pondok pesantren diharapkan memiliki proses bisnis yang baik dengan memenuhi standar sekolah berasrama (SSA) yang tertuang dalam national minimum standards for boarding schools oleh welsh assembly government. WBS dianggap sebagai metode yang dapat membantu dalam pembuatan proses bisnis.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan sebuah breakdown struktur aktivitas pondok pesantren berdasarkan dengan standar minimum nasional sekolah berasrama. Dengan data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang didapatkan dari studi literatur sekolah standar asrama (SSA). Pembuatan proses bisnis Sekolah Standar Asrama dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan Work Breakdown Structure. Penelitian ini menghasilkan proses bisnis dari 52 standar Sekolah Standar Asrama yang nantinya dapat diterapkan di sekolah berasrama secara umum dan pondok pesantren secara khusus
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49

Amin, J. T., L. Sagita, and Y. Latief. "Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionary and checklist development of stadium architectural and interior works for safety planning." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 930 (November 4, 2020): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/930/1/012006.

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50

Koenig, Philip C., and Walter L. Christensen. "Development and Implementation of Modern Work Breakdown Structures in Naval Construction: A Case Study." Journal of Ship Production 15, no. 03 (August 1, 1999): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1999.15.3.136.

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U.S. Navy ship acquisitions are currently managed using the Ship Work Breakdown Structure, or SWBS, which decomposes ships by operational (functional) systems. SWBS was an effective tool in an era when the entire ship procurement program was physically accomplished using a ship system orientation. However as this is no longer the case, the right type of design and management information is not being collected and analyzed under SWBS. This paper describes a cooperative effort on the part of shipyards, the academic community, and the U.S. Navy to develop a generic production-oriented work breakdown structure for ship design and construction. Progress towards implementation of this new approach at a large U.S. shipyard is reviewed. Some implications of the new system and problems encountered as well as projected benefits are discussed from both government and industry perspectives.
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