Relevant bibliographies by topics / Work environment offence

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Work environment offence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Work environment offence"

1

Cross, Cassandra. "Is online fraud just fraud? Examining the efficacy of the digital divide." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2019-0008.

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Purpose Fraud is not a new offence. However, the recent evolution and proliferation of technologies (predominantly the internet) has seen offenders increasingly use virtual environments to target and defraud victims worldwide. Several studies have examined the ways that fraud is perpetrated with a clear demarcation between terrestrial and cyber offences. However, with moves towards the notion of a “digital society” and recognition that technology is increasingly embedded across all aspects of our lives, it is important to consider if there is any advantage in categorising fraud against the type of environment it is perpetrated in. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the perceived utility of differentiating online and offline fraud offences. It is based upon the insights of thirty-one professionals who work within the “fraud justice network” across London, UK and Toronto, Canada. Findings It highlights both the realities faced by professionals in seeking to ether maintain or collapse such a differentiation in their everyday jobs and the potential benefits and challenges that result. Practical implications Overall, the paper argues that the majority of professionals did not feel a distinction was necessary and instead felt that an arbitrary divide was instead a hindrance to their activities. However, while not useful on a practical front, there was perceived benefit regarding government, funding and the media. The implications of this moving forward are considered. Originality/value This paper provides new insights into how fraud justice network professionals understand the distinction between fraud offences perpetrated across both online and offline environments.
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Akerman, Geraldine. "Providing Treatment in a Prison-Based Therapeutic Community for Those Who Have Committed Sexual Offences." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 65, no. 12 (August 4, 2021): 1267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17752275.

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This article explores some of the difficulties inherent in managing risk in those who have committed sexual or other violent offences and how this may impact on their ability to re-integrate into the community. It discusses the work undertaken at HMP Grendon, a prison-based therapeutic community (TC), to address these difficulties and help residents develop a pro-social lifestyle starting in custody and continuing on release. The article aims to describe how the TC model offers a containing and adaptive environment, and how this can provide opportunities to address offence-related behaviour, which is not always possible in other prison settings. Furthermore, it describes some of the difficulties inherent in undertaking work of this nature, in the need for an accurate understanding of the relevant areas of risk, and the tensions developing a therapeutic relationship with individuals with complex needs. Methods of assessment of risk and need are discussed, and how they are used in a collaborative manner to have the most accurate picture of what will help residents to maintain their pro-social lifestyle on release.
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Yoshimasu, Shufu, and Sadakata Kogi. "Études criminologiques et psychiatriques au Japon." Acta Criminologica 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017008ar.

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Abstract CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES IN JAPAN Criminological development in Japan is largely the work of the Japanese Association of Criminology, founded in Tokyo in 1913. The year 1935 saw the debut of the publication Acta criminologia?: et medicinee legalis japonica. After an interruption of several years caused by the second world war, society made great strides, and important research could then be undertaken. There are now three State institutes of criminology in Japan: the General Research Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Tokyo University of Medicine and Dentistry, the Institute of Research, Practical and Clinical Training at the Ministry of Justice, and the Institute of Encephalographie Research of the University of Tokyo. Among the most important criminological and psychiatric research projects are: 1) Study of twins: Led by Yoshimasu, this could be considered as one of the most brilliant contributions of Japanese criminology to science. It is based on the rate of concordance between homozygotic and heterozygotic twins. For a clearer understanding of the phenomenon of concordance between the two partners, Yoshimasu used the following factors: age at first offence, age at the time of research, and number of relapses. The results of his analysis show a lesser rate of agreement than that of foreign studies, nevertheless this rate increased perceptibly after the second world war, which is explained by the influence of environment. 2) Research on recidivism by means of analysis of the life curve: In 1951, Yoshimasu discovered a new method for analyzing the criminal careers of recidivists (this method is defined in English as «the criminal life curve» and in German, die kriminelle Lebenskurve). It comprises three indices: a) age at the time of first offence: before or after 25 years; b) the type of offence: classified in accordance with the kind of crime, the sequence of crime and the kinds of crimes committed during any one episode, i.e. one, the same or different; c) interval between the offences: sequence, remission, intermission, suspension. Later on, various studies were added to this research. 3) Characteristics of various crimes: The studies undertaken dealt with homicidal women, homicidal girls, mass murderers (Massenmo'rder). These studies showed interesting results, because there is an intimate relationship between patricide and the family environment in the traditional Japanese atmosphere. Other researchers were interested in arsonists, sex criminals, persistent embezzlers, recidivists in crimes of violence. 4) Research on juvenile delinquency: In this field, Japan may well be proud of having several pioneers. We stressed the importance of the psychopathic personality, as much as the sheer asymmetry of psychic and physical maturity. 5) Criminality of the mentally disturbed with encephalitis due to anti-rabies vaccination: Studies undertaken after the massacre of 12 employees of the Teikoku Bank of Tokyo revealed that subjects suffering from this malady have a deviated personality of a mythomanie type with Korsakov's syndrome. Other studies show a seat of demyelinized fibres. Treatment could thus be applied to effectively fight this illness. 6) Amphetamine drug addiction and criminality: This problem took on the dimensions of a national crisis after the second world war, when amphetamine drug addiction rose to 200 000. The work undertaken on this problem revealed psychopathic personalities characterized by hyperthymic tendencies, hysterics, explosiveness or instability, as explained by Kurt Schneider. 7) Reactions to penal institutions and disciplinary infractions: With regard to these, a new method called infractiologie was used. It is concerned with the actual relationship which exists between crimes committed in society and infractions committed within the penal institution.
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Shablystyi, Volodymyr, and Vitaliy Prymachenko. "RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECONOMIC FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF SECURITY OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-204-212.

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One of the criminological science dogmas is that prophylaxis and prevention of offenses are made at three levels: general social (in society as a whole), special (in relation to certain types (groups) of offenses) and individual (with a specific offender). Some scientists allocate the fourth level of prophylaxis and prevention of an offense into regional or sectoral ones. Some scholars call these levels somewhat differently, but their content is approximately the same, and, most importantly, they all aim to create a sense of security of each of us from violations of norms of laws, morals, traditions, etc. Of course, the scientific provision of crime prevention is impossible without a proper economic basis. The complexity of such studies is that since the end of 2013 and till now the development of Ukraine was marked by the acute problem of ensuring security in the full sense of the word and the leveling of the single person’s safety. We hope that making a sociological study of the economic factors of the effectiveness of victimological prevention of the living environment from a human position may be a part of the general return to the state development vector of a person with its rights, freedoms and responsibilities.
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Castledine, George. "Nurses committing offences outside the work environment." British Journal of Nursing 8, no. 9 (May 13, 1999): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1999.8.9.6614.

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Craglia, Massimo, Robert Haining, and Paola Signoretta. "Modelling High-Intensity Crime Areas: Comparing Police Perceptions with Offence/Offender Data in Sheffield." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 3 (March 2005): 503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36143.

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High-intensity crime areas are areas where high levels of violent crime coexist with large numbers of offenders, thereby creating an area that may present significant policing problems. In an earlier paper, the authors analysed police perceptions of high-intensity crime areas, and now extend that earlier work by comparing the police's perception of where such areas are located with offence/offender data. They also report on the construction of predictive models that identify the area-specific attributes that explain the distribution of such areas. By focusing on the city of Sheffield, the authors draw on a wider range of local area data than was possible in the original paper, and also question how widespread such areas may be in Sheffield.
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Zenelaga, Dr Brunilda, and Blerina Hamzallari. "The Role of the Family in the Education of Children in Conflict with the Law: Empirical Evidence from Albanian Context." European Journal of Education 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejed.v1i3.p116-124.

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A child is considered in conflict with the law when he/she has committed or has been accused of committing an offence (UNICEF, 2006). According to local context, a child can also be in conflict with the law, when it is taken up by the justice system for minors or for adults, due to the alleged dangers faced by the child in view, or behavior or environment (IDE, 2016:2). The family is a primary agency that influences the child socio-psychological formation. In the case of children in conflict with the law, on one hand family can contribute on creating causes of antisocial and deviant behaviors of children, but on the other hand, it can be an important factor for rehabilitation and correction of the children attitudes.Recently, in Albania, children in conflict with the law have been in center of the attention of policymakers and researchers, but very few of them have explored in depth the role that the family plays on the education of children in contact with the law. This paper aims to fulfill that gap of researches in Albanian context.The methods used to gather data are based on: (a) the use of the secondary data such as international and national literature about the topic, researches with the focus on children in conflict with the law, statistics and other data from different Albanian institutions; (b) the use of the primary data taken from the interviews with experts who work in Probation Service in Albania, school psychologist, experts and professionals in prisons etc. The study revealed that the role of the family is crucial, especially for the children in conflict with the law. Empirical evidence from Albanian context shows that children in conflict with the law came mainly from families with socio - economical problems and/or lack of the attention to the education of the children. The collaboration of the family with other socialization agencies such as schools etc., can be an effective way for the correction of the attitudes of this category of children.
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Романова, Надежда Владимировна, and Дмитрий Викторович Кияйкин. "PREVENTIVE ENVIRONMENT OF CORRUPTION-RELATED OFFENCES IN THE PENAL SYSTEM." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 5(41) (December 25, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2020.41.5.012.

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В статье раскрываются особенности профилактики коррупции в учреждениях и органах уголовно-исполнительной системы (далее - УИС). Акцентируется внимание на необходимости усиления профилактической работы в процессе формирования среды предупреждения коррупционных правонарушений в УИС. Авторами предпринята попытка конкретизации и систематизации состояния профилактической работы на различных уровнях служебной деятельности и предложена система принципов профилактики коррупционных правонарушений. Антикоррупционная среда рассматривается в качестве основы профилактической работы. Делается вывод о том, что по параметрам своего развития пенитенциарное общество в России уже пришло к потребности ключевой и системной работы по предупреждению и профилактике коррупции в УИС. В указанном направлении очень важно использование всех имеющихся возможностей как социальных, так и технических наук. Профилактика должна базироваться на специальных знаниях в области государственной службы и управления, социального развития и психологии. В результате исследования предложены эффективные меры оперативно-организационной работы по профилактике рассматриваемых правонарушений, такие как: регулярный анализ практики применения судами антикоррупционного законодательства (в рамках служебной подготовки); ознакомление личного состава с обзорами; духовно-нравственное воспитание сотрудников, основанное на преемственности добропорядочных основ и традиций; повышение уровня профессионального правосознания. The article reveals the features of corruption prevention in institutions and bodies of the Penal system (hereinafter referred to as the PS). Attention is focused on the need to strengthen preventive work in the process of creating an environment for preventing corruption-related offenses in the Penal system. The authors attempt to specify and systematize the state of preventive work at various levels of official activity and propose a system of principles for the prevention of corruption-related offenses. The anti-corruption environment is considered as the basis of preventive work. It is concluded that according to the parameters of its development, the penitentiary society in Russia has already come to the need for key and systematic work on the prevention and precaution of corruption in the penitentiary system. In this direction, it is very important to use all the available opportunities of both social and technical sciences. Prevention should be based on specialized knowledge in public service and management, social development, and psychology. The study suggested effective measures operational and organizational work for prevention of considered offences, such as regular analysis of practice of application by courts of anti-corruption legislation (within the framework of service training); introduction of personnel reviews; spiritual and moral education, based on continuity, the good foundations and traditions; raising the level of professional sense of justice.
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Frolov, A. N., and D. V. Sokolov. "TACTICAL ASPECTS OF ACTIVITIES OF DISTRICT POLICE OFFICERS ON THE PREVENTION OF WRONGS IN THE SPHERE OF FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 2 (2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2021-2-51-58.

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Currently, the prevention of family and domestic offenses is one of the priority areas of activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Poor-quality and untimely response of police officers to this type of offense, as well as heinous crimes, garnered media coverage, preceded by family conflicts, create a negative public opinion about the activities of the police and the state as a whole. This work deals with the improvement of the effectiveness of the work carried out by the internal affairs bodies to prevent and suppress the facts of family and domestic conflicts, including those accompanied by the violence against children and women. Within the framework of the research, the authors pay special attention to the concept of family and domestic offenses, the analysis of the causes and conditions of the occurrence of family and domestic offenses, legal foundations of regulating the liability in the sphere of family and domestic conflicts according to the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed the main directions of prevention of domestic crimes and administrative violations by district police officers, identified tactical aspects of work with people registered with law enforcement agencies when executing preventive patrolling in an administrative area. The paper proposes a mechanism of involvement of the public and specific categories of citizens in the assistance to law enforcement agencies to timely domestic violations detection and suppression. Following the analysis, the authors conclude that the insurance of effective work on the eradication of considered negative social phenomenon is the patrolling in an administrative area, preventive conversations based on the study of a psychological maker of persons, their past, and basic personality characteristics, as well as on the awareness of their immediate environment and relations carrying both positive and negative connotation. The study shows that the issues of protection of family members’ life and health against offenses should be solved holistically, in cooperation with other agencies and institutes of civil society.
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Simon, Leonore M. J. "Does criminal offender treatment work?" Applied and Preventive Psychology 7, no. 3 (June 1998): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80018-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Work environment offence"

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Sandberg, Jessica. "Arbetsmiljöbrott : En rättsvetenskaplig studie om arbetsmiljöbrott som gemondrivandefunktion för organisatoriskt och socialt arbetsmiljöansvar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-62862.

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The mental ill-health is a growing social problem and the cause to a third of the sick leaves. Organizational and social motives is the primary reason to occupational disease among women. Notwithstanding, work environment offense due to lacks in organizational and social work environment have never lead to conviction. The aim of the essay is to find an explanation to this matter, by examine the legal framework of work environment offense. To further contextualize the problem, a perspective of equality makes it possible to emphasize the differences of how men and women will be affected by the regulation. The subject is highly current, since binding regulations, AFS 2015:4, has been imposed since shortly one year ago. Therefore, an analysis of the value of this regulation in future prosecution has been done. The method of jurisprudence has been used to fulfil the aim of the essay. The results of the essay indicates that the review of work environment offense due to lacks in organizational and social work environment mainly causes problems when finding adequate causality. The primary reasons to this is related to the nature of stress and the legality principle. Stress can hardly be related to a separate variable, which makes it hard to prove it is strictly work related. This reason also makes it hard to legislate regulations that live up to the principle of legal certainly. In my power of judge, despite clearer regulation in AFS 2015:4, reviews of work environment offense will continue being problematic. The perspective of equality clearly shows that problems reviewing work environment offense due to lacks in organizational and social work environment to a great extent affects women in a negative matter.
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Schaefer, Lacey. "Environmental Corrections: Making Offender Supervision Work." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377875062.

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Chao, An-an, and 趙安安. "When a colleague offends you: the antecedentsand consequences of forgiveness at work." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45148545.

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Books on the topic "Work environment offence"

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Handbook of unethical work behavior and individual well-being. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2013.

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Enforcement of environmental laws: Hearing before the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session ... June 10, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Superfund: Interim assessment of EPA's enforcement program : briefing report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Superfund and Environmental Oversight, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Labor. Uniform Health and Safety Whistleblowers Protection Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on S. 2095 ... July 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Labor. Uniform Health and Safety Whistleblowers Protection Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on S. 2095 ... July 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Labor. Uniform Health and Safety Whistleblowers Protection Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Labor of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on S. 2095 ... July 26, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Office, General Accounting. Superfund: Problems with the completeness and consistency of site cleanup plans : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Superfund, Ocean and Water Protection, Committee on the Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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Bonta, James, and J. S. Wormith. Adult Offender Assessment and Classification in Custodial Settings. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.19.

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This chapter describes the developments that have occurred over the past three decades in the area of offender assessment and classification, including discussion of why offender classification is so vital to correctional agencies. The importance of using actuarial approaches to predicting the risk of reoffending and danger to others is discussed, as well as the inclusion of static and dynamic factors on composite measures of offender risk and need. Particular attention is paid to the application of the principles of Risk, Need, and Responsivity (RNR) to offender assessment, classification, and subsequent work with the offender, often described as “offender case management.” How prison environments (including inmate and officer subcultures) can potentially interfere with the accuracy of risk and needs assessments is also debated.
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World on Fire. Grove Press, Open City Books, 2002.

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Office, General Accounting. Superfund: Missed statutory deadlines slow progress in environmental programs : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Superfund and Environmental Oversight, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Work environment offence"

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Simeone, Maurizio, Marco Solano, Paola Masucci, Silvia Mecca, and Eliana Barra. "5 anni di monitoraggio, controllo e prevenzione della pesca illegale nel Parco Sommerso di Gaiola (Golfo di Napoli)." In Proceedings e report, 610–19. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.61.

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The Gaiola Underwater Park is a small Marine Protected Area located in Naples (Italy), funded in 2002 to preserve the biological and archaeological heritage. In fact, because of the metropolitan context in which it is integrated, the area is subject to constant anthropic pressure, which often results in illegal activities, especially in the fishing sector. In this work, the results of 5 years of monitoring and control of illegal fishing inside the MPA are presented. This research had an important impulse in 2015, thanks to the collected data and to the methodology developed within the Gaiola MedPAN Project. The experience acquired in these years resulted in the funding of the StAMM Project, a permanent station for the monitoring, control and prevention of environmental offences in the MPA.
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"Making Offender Supervision Work." In Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community, 154–64. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801260.n7.

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"Why Offender Supervision Does Not Work." In Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community, 1–20. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071801260.n1.

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Brisman, Avi, and Nigel South. "14. Green criminology." In The Oxford Handbook of Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198719441.003.0015.

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Criminology must maintain relevance in a changing world and engage with new challenges. Perhaps pre-eminent among those facing the planet today are threats to the natural environment and, by extension, to human health and rights and to other species. A green criminology has emerged as a (now well established) criminological perspective that addresses a wide range of harms, offences, and crimes related to the environment and environmental victims. This chapter provides a review of green criminological work on climate change, consumption and waste, state-corporate and organized crimes, animal abuse, and wildlife trafficking. It also considers the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches to regulation and control.
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Sarna, Geetika, and M. P. S. Bhatia. "Entropy Based Identification of Fake Profiles in Social Network." In Developing Safer Online Environments for Children, 385–401. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1684-3.ch015.

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Cyberbullying is a felonious act carried out against the victim by sending harassing/ embarrassing/ abusing information online. Normally offenders create fake profiles in order to hide their identity for unscrupulous activities. Assuming a fake identity is very harmful as the real picture of the offender is not visible, and also it can become difficult to entrap them. Sometimes, some trustworthy friends can also take advantage of the fake identity in order to harm the victim. Culprits can reveal victim's personal information like financial details, personal history, family, etc., and along with it, he can harass, threaten or blackmail the victim using fake profiles and permeates that information on the social network. So, it is necessary to resolve this issue. In this article, the authors used the concept of entropy and cross entropy to identify fake profiles as entropy works on the degree of uncertainty. Also, this article shows the comparison of proposed method with the existing classifiers.
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Cross, Cassandra. "Denying victim status to online fraud victims: the challenges of being a ‘non-ideal victim’." In Revisiting the “Ideal Victim”, 242–62. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338765.003.0015.

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Online fraud victimisation affects millions of individuals globally. Despite its prevalence, it remains a contested area, whereby there is a strong victim blaming attitude towards those who are victims. There is a strong negative stereotype that victims are greedy, gullible, uneducated and somewhat deserving of their victimisation. This works as a barrier to silence and stigmatise individuals who are fearful to disclose their victimisation to family, friends, law enforcement and other third parties. Using Christie’s (1986) notion of the ‘ideal victim’, this chapter examines how online fraud victims are denied victim status despite the offences perpetrated against them. Through an application of the five characteristics that Christie (1986) asserts constitute an ideal victim, this chapter explores the challenges that currently exist for online fraud victims to be recognised as legitimate victims, and the factors which operate to deny them of this victimisation status. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications for online fraud victims in the current environment. It advocates the need for change to better respond to online fraud victims, rather than exacerbating or adding to the trauma they have already experienced at the hands of offenders.
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Boutros, Andrew. "Germany." In From Baksheesh to Bribery, 201–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190232399.003.0008.

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Germany is currently ranked among the top 12 in the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index. The country achieved this ranking through substantial efforts in the last decades in legislation, in society, and in the business sector. Today, the corporate compliance management systems of many major German corporations serve as a benchmark in the corporate world. But there is still a lot of work to do. Germany does not yet have a corporate criminal code that holds legal entities criminally liable for corruption-related offenses. German authorities still do not have a uniform and standardized procedure for acknowledging adequate compliance management systems as an affirmative defense or mitigating factor to decrease administrative fines. Although repeatedly requested by the OECD, Germany also still lacks an express and explicit law that grants specific protection to whistle-blowers from retaliation in the private sector, though many German corporations have already set up highly sophisticated whistle-blower systems. This chapter provides an overview on the most important statutory provisions and draft bills with regard to anti-corruption in Germany. Further, the chapter discusses how companies in Germany can take appropriate measures in order to navigate safely through the challenges of corruption-related liability in today’s competitive business environment.
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Dryfoos, Joy G. "Prevention of Delinquency." In Adolescents at Risk. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072686.003.0013.

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As we have seen in Chapter 3 (Prevalence of Delinquency), the phrase “juvenile delinquency” may refer to the “continuum of behavior that transgresses social norms,” ranging from socially unacceptable behavior (acting out in school) to status offenses (running away) to criminal acts (burglary). This broad definition sets wide boundaries on a discussion of prevention. Preventing disruptive behavior in the early elementary grades is quite a different task from preventing major criminal acts among high-school-age gangs. The former focuses more on altering individual and family functioning, while the latter involves alterations in the peer culture, the school experience, and the broader social environment. In any case, a review of the literature on prevention of delinquency produces few programs that can be cited as models of primary prevention at early or late stages. A very small number of programs could generate evidence that they stopped the onset of delinquent behavior. Interventions were cited, however, that have an indirect effect on later delinquency by modifying “acting out” and conduct disorders at very early ages. Many of the programs discussed in the literature focus on secondary prevention, working with adjudicated juvenile delinquents to lower the rates of recidivism (repeat offenses), and almost none of those appear to meet with great success. The dearth of successful prevention programs in the area of delinquency is not surprising in light of the complexity of the problem and its deep-seated causes. The usual difficulties with evaluation design are compounded in this field by murky definitions. Repeated reviews of literally thousands of studies have produced almost none with adequate evaluations. Leitenberg’s commentary on the “state-of-the-art” is not very encouraging: . . . My thoughts about primary prevention programs in delinquency tend to be pessimistic. Unless the larger political, organizational, economic and social issues are addressed . . . we will make small headway. . . . I think the most productive area is not within the realm of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, social work, or criminology—it is within the area of politics. . .
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Conference papers on the topic "Work environment offence"

1

Simane-Vigante, Laura. "Preliminary Adaptation of Criminal Attitudes to Violence Scale in Latvian and Russian." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.021.

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Violent offenders cause serious harm to their victims and affect the general well-being of the society. Many awareness and rehabilitation campaigns are introduced at the moment in Latvia that increases the necessity for adapted valid instruments in the native languages of the offenders. The aim of the research was to conduct a preliminary adaptation of Criminal Attitudes to Violence Scale (CAVS) in Latvian and Russian. CAVS has been designed to measure non-sexual physical violence of violent male offenders. Two groups (“Latvians” N=200 and “Russians” N=200) and four sub-groups of male offenders and non-offenders were formed. The translation of the scale in Latvian and Russian was organized separately and completed by back-translation method. Evaluation by both experts and a sample of target population was provided with the final Russian and Latvian versions of CAVS. Internal consistency of the items of the scale proved to be very good for all four sub-groups. Item analysis showed that both (Latvian and Russian) adapted CAVS versions work the best with the offender samples. There were three-factor structure reviled for both Latvian and Russian CAVS. The preliminary adaptation process has been completed and the further standardization process is intended.
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