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Cross, Cassandra. "Is online fraud just fraud? Examining the efficacy of the digital divide." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2019-0008.
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Purpose Fraud is not a new offence. However, the recent evolution and proliferation of technologies (predominantly the internet) has seen offenders increasingly use virtual environments to target and defraud victims worldwide. Several studies have examined the ways that fraud is perpetrated with a clear demarcation between terrestrial and cyber offences. However, with moves towards the notion of a “digital society” and recognition that technology is increasingly embedded across all aspects of our lives, it is important to consider if there is any advantage in categorising fraud against the type of environment it is perpetrated in. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the perceived utility of differentiating online and offline fraud offences. It is based upon the insights of thirty-one professionals who work within the “fraud justice network” across London, UK and Toronto, Canada. Findings It highlights both the realities faced by professionals in seeking to ether maintain or collapse such a differentiation in their everyday jobs and the potential benefits and challenges that result. Practical implications Overall, the paper argues that the majority of professionals did not feel a distinction was necessary and instead felt that an arbitrary divide was instead a hindrance to their activities. However, while not useful on a practical front, there was perceived benefit regarding government, funding and the media. The implications of this moving forward are considered. Originality/value This paper provides new insights into how fraud justice network professionals understand the distinction between fraud offences perpetrated across both online and offline environments.
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Akerman, Geraldine. "Providing Treatment in a Prison-Based Therapeutic Community for Those Who Have Committed Sexual Offences." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 65, no. 12 (August 4, 2021): 1267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17752275.
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This article explores some of the difficulties inherent in managing risk in those who have committed sexual or other violent offences and how this may impact on their ability to re-integrate into the community. It discusses the work undertaken at HMP Grendon, a prison-based therapeutic community (TC), to address these difficulties and help residents develop a pro-social lifestyle starting in custody and continuing on release. The article aims to describe how the TC model offers a containing and adaptive environment, and how this can provide opportunities to address offence-related behaviour, which is not always possible in other prison settings. Furthermore, it describes some of the difficulties inherent in undertaking work of this nature, in the need for an accurate understanding of the relevant areas of risk, and the tensions developing a therapeutic relationship with individuals with complex needs. Methods of assessment of risk and need are discussed, and how they are used in a collaborative manner to have the most accurate picture of what will help residents to maintain their pro-social lifestyle on release.
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Yoshimasu, Shufu, and Sadakata Kogi. "Études criminologiques et psychiatriques au Japon." Acta Criminologica 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017008ar.
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Abstract CRIMINOLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC STUDIES IN JAPAN Criminological development in Japan is largely the work of the Japanese Association of Criminology, founded in Tokyo in 1913. The year 1935 saw the debut of the publication Acta criminologia?: et medicinee legalis japonica. After an interruption of several years caused by the second world war, society made great strides, and important research could then be undertaken. There are now three State institutes of criminology in Japan: the General Research Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Tokyo University of Medicine and Dentistry, the Institute of Research, Practical and Clinical Training at the Ministry of Justice, and the Institute of Encephalographie Research of the University of Tokyo. Among the most important criminological and psychiatric research projects are: 1) Study of twins: Led by Yoshimasu, this could be considered as one of the most brilliant contributions of Japanese criminology to science. It is based on the rate of concordance between homozygotic and heterozygotic twins. For a clearer understanding of the phenomenon of concordance between the two partners, Yoshimasu used the following factors: age at first offence, age at the time of research, and number of relapses. The results of his analysis show a lesser rate of agreement than that of foreign studies, nevertheless this rate increased perceptibly after the second world war, which is explained by the influence of environment. 2) Research on recidivism by means of analysis of the life curve: In 1951, Yoshimasu discovered a new method for analyzing the criminal careers of recidivists (this method is defined in English as «the criminal life curve» and in German, die kriminelle Lebenskurve). It comprises three indices: a) age at the time of first offence: before or after 25 years; b) the type of offence: classified in accordance with the kind of crime, the sequence of crime and the kinds of crimes committed during any one episode, i.e. one, the same or different; c) interval between the offences: sequence, remission, intermission, suspension. Later on, various studies were added to this research. 3) Characteristics of various crimes: The studies undertaken dealt with homicidal women, homicidal girls, mass murderers (Massenmo'rder). These studies showed interesting results, because there is an intimate relationship between patricide and the family environment in the traditional Japanese atmosphere. Other researchers were interested in arsonists, sex criminals, persistent embezzlers, recidivists in crimes of violence. 4) Research on juvenile delinquency: In this field, Japan may well be proud of having several pioneers. We stressed the importance of the psychopathic personality, as much as the sheer asymmetry of psychic and physical maturity. 5) Criminality of the mentally disturbed with encephalitis due to anti-rabies vaccination: Studies undertaken after the massacre of 12 employees of the Teikoku Bank of Tokyo revealed that subjects suffering from this malady have a deviated personality of a mythomanie type with Korsakov's syndrome. Other studies show a seat of demyelinized fibres. Treatment could thus be applied to effectively fight this illness. 6) Amphetamine drug addiction and criminality: This problem took on the dimensions of a national crisis after the second world war, when amphetamine drug addiction rose to 200 000. The work undertaken on this problem revealed psychopathic personalities characterized by hyperthymic tendencies, hysterics, explosiveness or instability, as explained by Kurt Schneider. 7) Reactions to penal institutions and disciplinary infractions: With regard to these, a new method called infractiologie was used. It is concerned with the actual relationship which exists between crimes committed in society and infractions committed within the penal institution.
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Shablystyi, Volodymyr, and Vitaliy Prymachenko. "RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ECONOMIC FACTORS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VICTIMOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF SECURITY OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-5-204-212.
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One of the criminological science dogmas is that prophylaxis and prevention of offenses are made at three levels: general social (in society as a whole), special (in relation to certain types (groups) of offenses) and individual (with a specific offender). Some scientists allocate the fourth level of prophylaxis and prevention of an offense into regional or sectoral ones. Some scholars call these levels somewhat differently, but their content is approximately the same, and, most importantly, they all aim to create a sense of security of each of us from violations of norms of laws, morals, traditions, etc. Of course, the scientific provision of crime prevention is impossible without a proper economic basis. The complexity of such studies is that since the end of 2013 and till now the development of Ukraine was marked by the acute problem of ensuring security in the full sense of the word and the leveling of the single person’s safety. We hope that making a sociological study of the economic factors of the effectiveness of victimological prevention of the living environment from a human position may be a part of the general return to the state development vector of a person with its rights, freedoms and responsibilities.
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Castledine, George. "Nurses committing offences outside the work environment." British Journal of Nursing 8, no. 9 (May 13, 1999): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.1999.8.9.6614.
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Craglia, Massimo, Robert Haining, and Paola Signoretta. "Modelling High-Intensity Crime Areas: Comparing Police Perceptions with Offence/Offender Data in Sheffield." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 3 (March 2005): 503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36143.
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High-intensity crime areas are areas where high levels of violent crime coexist with large numbers of offenders, thereby creating an area that may present significant policing problems. In an earlier paper, the authors analysed police perceptions of high-intensity crime areas, and now extend that earlier work by comparing the police's perception of where such areas are located with offence/offender data. They also report on the construction of predictive models that identify the area-specific attributes that explain the distribution of such areas. By focusing on the city of Sheffield, the authors draw on a wider range of local area data than was possible in the original paper, and also question how widespread such areas may be in Sheffield.
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Zenelaga, Dr Brunilda, and Blerina Hamzallari. "The Role of the Family in the Education of Children in Conflict with the Law: Empirical Evidence from Albanian Context." European Journal of Education 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejed.v1i3.p116-124.
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A child is considered in conflict with the law when he/she has committed or has been accused of committing an offence (UNICEF, 2006). According to local context, a child can also be in conflict with the law, when it is taken up by the justice system for minors or for adults, due to the alleged dangers faced by the child in view, or behavior or environment (IDE, 2016:2). The family is a primary agency that influences the child socio-psychological formation. In the case of children in conflict with the law, on one hand family can contribute on creating causes of antisocial and deviant behaviors of children, but on the other hand, it can be an important factor for rehabilitation and correction of the children attitudes.Recently, in Albania, children in conflict with the law have been in center of the attention of policymakers and researchers, but very few of them have explored in depth the role that the family plays on the education of children in contact with the law. This paper aims to fulfill that gap of researches in Albanian context.The methods used to gather data are based on: (a) the use of the secondary data such as international and national literature about the topic, researches with the focus on children in conflict with the law, statistics and other data from different Albanian institutions; (b) the use of the primary data taken from the interviews with experts who work in Probation Service in Albania, school psychologist, experts and professionals in prisons etc. The study revealed that the role of the family is crucial, especially for the children in conflict with the law. Empirical evidence from Albanian context shows that children in conflict with the law came mainly from families with socio - economical problems and/or lack of the attention to the education of the children. The collaboration of the family with other socialization agencies such as schools etc., can be an effective way for the correction of the attitudes of this category of children.
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Романова, Надежда Владимировна, and Дмитрий Викторович Кияйкин. "PREVENTIVE ENVIRONMENT OF CORRUPTION-RELATED OFFENCES IN THE PENAL SYSTEM." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 5(41) (December 25, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2020.41.5.012.
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В статье раскрываются особенности профилактики коррупции в учреждениях и органах уголовно-исполнительной системы (далее - УИС). Акцентируется внимание на необходимости усиления профилактической работы в процессе формирования среды предупреждения коррупционных правонарушений в УИС. Авторами предпринята попытка конкретизации и систематизации состояния профилактической работы на различных уровнях служебной деятельности и предложена система принципов профилактики коррупционных правонарушений. Антикоррупционная среда рассматривается в качестве основы профилактической работы. Делается вывод о том, что по параметрам своего развития пенитенциарное общество в России уже пришло к потребности ключевой и системной работы по предупреждению и профилактике коррупции в УИС. В указанном направлении очень важно использование всех имеющихся возможностей как социальных, так и технических наук. Профилактика должна базироваться на специальных знаниях в области государственной службы и управления, социального развития и психологии. В результате исследования предложены эффективные меры оперативно-организационной работы по профилактике рассматриваемых правонарушений, такие как: регулярный анализ практики применения судами антикоррупционного законодательства (в рамках служебной подготовки); ознакомление личного состава с обзорами; духовно-нравственное воспитание сотрудников, основанное на преемственности добропорядочных основ и традиций; повышение уровня профессионального правосознания. The article reveals the features of corruption prevention in institutions and bodies of the Penal system (hereinafter referred to as the PS). Attention is focused on the need to strengthen preventive work in the process of creating an environment for preventing corruption-related offenses in the Penal system. The authors attempt to specify and systematize the state of preventive work at various levels of official activity and propose a system of principles for the prevention of corruption-related offenses. The anti-corruption environment is considered as the basis of preventive work. It is concluded that according to the parameters of its development, the penitentiary society in Russia has already come to the need for key and systematic work on the prevention and precaution of corruption in the penitentiary system. In this direction, it is very important to use all the available opportunities of both social and technical sciences. Prevention should be based on specialized knowledge in public service and management, social development, and psychology. The study suggested effective measures operational and organizational work for prevention of considered offences, such as regular analysis of practice of application by courts of anti-corruption legislation (within the framework of service training); introduction of personnel reviews; spiritual and moral education, based on continuity, the good foundations and traditions; raising the level of professional sense of justice.
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Frolov, A. N., and D. V. Sokolov. "TACTICAL ASPECTS OF ACTIVITIES OF DISTRICT POLICE OFFICERS ON THE PREVENTION OF WRONGS IN THE SPHERE OF FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 2 (2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2021-2-51-58.
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Currently, the prevention of family and domestic offenses is one of the priority areas of activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Poor-quality and untimely response of police officers to this type of offense, as well as heinous crimes, garnered media coverage, preceded by family conflicts, create a negative public opinion about the activities of the police and the state as a whole. This work deals with the improvement of the effectiveness of the work carried out by the internal affairs bodies to prevent and suppress the facts of family and domestic conflicts, including those accompanied by the violence against children and women. Within the framework of the research, the authors pay special attention to the concept of family and domestic offenses, the analysis of the causes and conditions of the occurrence of family and domestic offenses, legal foundations of regulating the liability in the sphere of family and domestic conflicts according to the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The authors analyzed the main directions of prevention of domestic crimes and administrative violations by district police officers, identified tactical aspects of work with people registered with law enforcement agencies when executing preventive patrolling in an administrative area. The paper proposes a mechanism of involvement of the public and specific categories of citizens in the assistance to law enforcement agencies to timely domestic violations detection and suppression. Following the analysis, the authors conclude that the insurance of effective work on the eradication of considered negative social phenomenon is the patrolling in an administrative area, preventive conversations based on the study of a psychological maker of persons, their past, and basic personality characteristics, as well as on the awareness of their immediate environment and relations carrying both positive and negative connotation. The study shows that the issues of protection of family members’ life and health against offenses should be solved holistically, in cooperation with other agencies and institutes of civil society.
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Simon, Leonore M. J. "Does criminal offender treatment work?" Applied and Preventive Psychology 7, no. 3 (June 1998): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80018-6.
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DEMBO, RICHARD, and MAX DERTKE. "Work Environment Correlates of Staff Stress in a Youth Detention Facility." Criminal Justice and Behavior 13, no. 3 (September 1986): 328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854886013003006.
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We intensively interviewed 53 staff members of a state-operated regional children's detention center, located in a large, metropolitan, southern city. The center houses both delinquent and status offender youths, incarcerated on a variety of charges ranging from truancy to homicide. Staff stress was related to key features of their work environment. Concern about detainee acting out behavior, the perceived frequency of detainee “problem” behavior while in the facility, and the felt need for substance abuse services for detainees and better educational/recreational programs related positively to staff stress. Implications of these findings for developing a more realistic view of the nature and impact of the detention center experience for both detainees and staff are drawn.
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Yufina, Liliya, and Nikita Sobolev. "Topical issues of improving the prosecutor in the field of administrative offenses in the field of social and social protection of disabled people." Advances in Law Studies 9, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2021-9-2-51-55.
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Introduction: the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities is one of the priority directions of the modern social policy of any democratic state. Considerable attention is paid to this direction by the state. At an expanded meeting of the board of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin summed up the results of the department's work for 2020 and gave instructions to continue to keep the social protection of disabled people under control. The President of the Russian Federation noted that in 2020 the number of identified, and most importantly, eliminated violations in the field of protecting the rights of persons with disabilities increased.Purpose: to improve the participation of the prosecutor in proceedings on cases of administrative offenses in the field of social protection and social services for disabled people. Results: the author's position on adding to the exclusive competence of the prosecutor the initiation of cases of administrative offenses under Art. 5.41 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, it is proposed to introduce into the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation a norm providing for the notification of the prosecutor about the time and place of consideration of a case on an administrative offense in relation to persons with disabilities of I and II groups.Conclusions: the article raises the problem of bringing officials of public authorities to administrative responsibility. The necessity of amending the Code of the Russian Federation on cases of administrative offenses in order to improve the participation of the prosecutor in proceedings on cases of administrative offenses in the field of social protection and social services for disabled people is substantiated.
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Sousa, Ricardo J. Alves de, and Mariusz Ptak. "Special Issue: Accident Analysis and Prevention: Experimental and Numerical Approaches." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020508.
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Nesterov, Artyom Y. "ESSENCE AND FEATURES OF THE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY OF THE MARGINAL ADOLESCENT: MODERN CONDITION AND TRENDS." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.149.
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. The article presents the main problems of the theory and practice of criminal activity in the modern teenage environment. The statistical data of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation of criminal offenses committed from 2003 to the present period by juvenile offenders are given [as of June 1, 2020]. The author analyzes the features of the criminal youth subculture. Typologization is carried out according to the types of youth informal groups. The main causes of juvenile delinquency are identified and justified. Spectral analysis is carried out for these reasons (motives). The factors provoking crime in a teenage environment are determined. The author revealed that one of the negative conditions for the formation of delinquent and deviant behavior of adolescents is the early start of work. At present, adolescents from 14 years old are going through a process of socialization and familiarization with work in the conditions of transformation of socio-economic, political, sanctions relations. The transformation in Russia led to the use of various illegal forms, in particular related to the involvement of street children (10-15 years old and 16-18 years old) in the criminal business. The author determines that juvenile delinquency is primarily determined by the characteristics of the personality of the offender. The main thing in its consideration was the minority of the offender. Certain biological, psychological and mental changes in the structure of the personality are associated with it. Age determines a certain level of development of forces, intelligence, drives, and even the “physical” ability to commit certain crimes. Also, the author of the article determined that the process of socialization of an individual begins at an early age, when he begins to assimilate the roles that form his personal qualities. It is in childhood that any person is formed as a social being, he develops intelligence, the ability to analyze and generalize the surrounding phenomena, the ability to anticipate the possible consequences of his actions; such volitional qualities as perseverance, determination, self-control, activity, initiative are developed; self-awareness, self-esteem, desire for independence are formed. All this is closely related to the subsequent behavior of the personality of a minor offender. The author interprets such a basic concept as “criminal youth subculture”. The regional statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on offenses as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia is given. All materials presented in the article do not contain information (information) related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.
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Gupta, Mona, Divya Srivastava, and Arvind Singh Kushwah. "Bioethics and Patent Law: USA, UK and India. A Bibliometric Analysis." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 4, no. 2 (September 9, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i2.16371.
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This article discusses the view of bioethics in terms of need of research and gives more weight to various cultural traditions and their respective moral beliefs. It is argued that this view is implausible for the following three reasons: it renders the disciplinary boundaries of bioethics too flexible and inconsistent with metaphysical commitments of biomedical sciences, it is normatively useless because it approaches cultural phenomena in a predominantly descriptive and selective way, and it tends to justify certain types of discrimination. Compromise on moral matters attracts ambivalent reactions, since it seems at once laudable and deplorable. When a hotly-contested phenomenon like assisted dying is debated, all-or-nothing positions tend to be advanced, with little thought given to the desirability of, or prospects for, compromise. In order to qualify as appropriately principled, the ensuing negotiations require disputants to observe three constraints: they should be suitably reflective, reliable and respectful in their dealings with one another. The product that will result from such a process will also need to split the difference between the warring parties. In assisted dying, I argue that a reduced offence of 'compassionate killing' can achieve this. Clinical research is revolutionizing the practice of medicine in an unprecedented way. Some current legal and ethical concerns evolving from this revolution are addressed, pointing to the emerging concepts in jurisprudence, which regards medical research as an important contribution to patient empowerment, to medical risk management and in managing the resources of a national health system. While bioethics as a field has concerned itself with methodological issues since the early years, there has been no systematic examination of how ethics is incorporated into research on the ethical, legal and social implications. We aim of better understanding the methods, aims, and approaches to ethics that its researchers employ. We found that the aims of ethics are largely prescriptive and address multiple groups. This is a life concern issue. It is an important issue for researchers, teachers as well as for student. This articles main aim is to provide systematic outline of the complex relationship between bioethics and patent between India, USA and UK. This study suggests that trusting relationships may be more conducive than any particular discussion strategy to facilitating doctor-patient discussions of health care costs. Better public understanding of how medical decisions affect insurer costs and how such costs ultimately affect patients personally will be necessary if discussions about insurer costs are to occur in the clinical encounter. It will give an overview of the bioethics and Patent. The literature survey has indicated that there is no comprehensive work has been done by any researcher on this topic. Therefore the present study would concentrate on the work being carried out by Indian, USA and UK R & D scientists vis-a-vis Global researchers. Studies aims to map basic human needs such as human health, food and a safe environment, touches on fundamental values, such as human dignity and the genetic integrity of humanity, can raise human rights issues such as access to health and benefits from scientific progress, raises concerns over equitable access to the fruits of new technologies, the consent of those involved in research, and protection of the environment and compare these among India, USA and UK. The research map out many issues and policy communities, but main aspect is the ethical implications of protecting biotechnological inventions through the intellectual property (IP) system. A Bioethicist assists the health care and research community in examining moral issues involved in our understanding of life and death, and resolving ethical dilemmas in medicine and science. This research provides a systematic outline of the complex relationship between bioethics and IP. It will give an overview of bioethics. It sketches core principles in the interaction of IP and bioethics among these three countries. The basic data for the bibliometric analysis has been collected from SCI and for mapping different parameters suitable analytical software eg. SPSS, BibTech Mon is used. The analysis arises questions such as: Does India do enough work in this field. Which country is fastest growth among these? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v4i2.16371Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2013; 4(2) 1-8
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Ryan, Sue, Nick Benefield, and Vikki Baker. "Socially creative activities in Psychologically Informed Planned Environments: engaging and relating in the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway." Journal of Forensic Practice 20, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-12-2017-0052.
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Purpose Major developments in the management of and intervention for people with significant personality difficulties who have offended are continuing, most recently with the implementation of the Offender Personality Disorder (Department of Health/National Offender Management Service (DoH/NOMS), 2011) Pathway. Included in this, is the Psychologically Informed Planned Environment model, currently being implemented in Prisons and Probation Approved Premises. This model includes the provision of “socially creative activities” (Benefield et al., 2018), opportunities for social learning and relationship building. The purpose of this paper is to explore the rationale for and examples of the implementation of these. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a narrative review of research around child development, personality, social learning and the policy context around the OPD Pathway. An overview of the socially creative sessions and a rationale for them is provided. Findings A conceptual understanding of the rationale for socially creative sessions is provided with a description of the sessions that focussed upon development of imagination, narrative/story making, social expression and relational experiences, i.e. singing, drama and reading with others. It is argued that the activities offered opportunities to engage in a different medium for expression, learning and relating, that may provide a catalyst for change in individuals with entrenched motivational and interpersonal difficulties. Research limitations/implications This is a conceptual paper that provides a rationale for socially creative sessions and describes the sessions. This paper does not feature outcome data which are outside the remit of this paper; however, future research into the impact of this approach to aid relational development and assist in emotional and behavioural stability is essential. Practical implications The complex needs of this client group emphasise the need for services to offer holistic ways to engage people who can have a positive impact upon relationships. Originality/value The work presented in this paper is valuable for professionals working within the personality disorder and criminal justice field, also for policy makers and commissioners.
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Shelenina, K. G. "Traces of murders committed by convicts in prison." Legal horizons, no. 18 (2019): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i18.p104.
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The concept of “forensic characteristics of crimes” has long been among the basic concepts of forensic theory and practice. The content of this concept is a systematic set of data about the crime, elements of its composition that are relevant for the identification and exposure of the perpetrator – the location, time, method, traces of the crime, and other circumstances of the subject of evidence, as well as related facts. Particularly serious criminal offenses represent one of the most difficult categories of crimes in terms of their detection and investigation. Often this is due to miscalculations and mistakes in the conduct of primary investigative and search operations, the lack of adaptation of existing private forensic techniques to the realities of modern crime in this field. Most often, the primary measures to identify the perpetrators of the murder of a person are haphazard in nature, conducted without involving the entire arsenal of tactical and criminalistic tools. Sometimes this leads to the loss of the necessary evidence and the lack of efficiency of the enormous amount of work. Detection of certain traces at the scene of the murder, their subsequent fixation, and seizure contribute to the emergence of possible forensic versions, as well as with their help it is possible to distinguish the key signs of the murders committed and consider the evidenced evidence in a specific context. The traces allow us to draw conclusions about the nature, motives, and mechanism of the criminal offense, the identity of the offender, his characteristic physical and psychological characteristics, which are extremely important in the investigation of the killings. Murders committed by convicts in prisons, like any other, cannot be committed without a trace, ie they leave behind in the environment as traces. Which is direct evidence when investigating such a category of crimes. Analyzing the scientific literature and taking into account the practice of law enforcement agencies, the concepts of traces, bases of classification, differentiation of concepts “trace picture”, “typical trace picture”, “typical traces”, division of trace pictures into groups of traces were investigated and revealed. Keywords: trace picture, crime, murder, places of imprisonment, traces.
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BOCHELIUK, Vitalii I., Tetiana M. SHVETS, Iryna V. SHAPOSHNYKOVA, Kostiantyn S. SHAPOSHNYKOV, and Nikita S. PANOV. "Specificity of the School-Students’ Illegal Behavior Prevention in the Work of Social Teacher." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.3(41).06.
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The research analyzes and systematizes the social and pedagogical principles of adolescent delinquent behavior prevention in the social teacher work in the school-student environment at the present stage of society development. Leading approach to the study of this problem is the descriptive method that has afforded revealing peculiarities of the primary areas of work with adolescents with delinquent behavior which are primary and secondary prevention of offenses, social rehabilitation of juveniles, who had experience of illegal behavior and psychological and corrective work with them. The materials of the paper imply the practical significance for the university teachers of the pedagogical specializations.
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Schuster, Beate. "Rejection, Exclusion, and Harassment at Work and in Schools." European Psychologist 1, no. 4 (January 1996): 293–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.1.4.293.
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In recent years, the phenomenon of social exclusion and harassment has been studied with increasing intensity in two different literatures, referred to as “mobbing at the worksite” or “bullying at school,” respectively. This paper reviews research in each field and integrates the separate literatures. A comparison of definitions and operationalizations as well as empirical data on prevalence and moderating conditions demonstrates far-reaching parallels in the two phenomena. However, the predominantly descriptive research on bullying focuses on the offender (bully), whereas the mobbing discussion stresses the work environment. An integration reveals that a more comprehensive picture of harassment requires both perspectives to be taken into account. More elaborated evidence on mediating mechanisms can be found in a further field of research, i.e., on social status among peers, which has received little attention in either mobbing or bullying research. These studies demonstrate the strong impact of features of the victim (e.g., certain social cognitive styles and social competence) and the group (in particular, individual-group misfit) on an individual's social status. Finally, conceptual considerations with regard to definitions and processes of bullying/mobbing are discussed.
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Berlanda, Fraizzoli, Cordova, and Pedrazza. "Psychosocial Risks and Violence Against Teachers. Is It Possible to Promote Well-Being at Work?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224439.
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Teaching has been reported to be one of the most stressful occupations, with heavy psychological demands, including the need to develop positive relationships with students and their parents; relationships that, in turn, play a significant role in teachers’ well-being. It follows that the impact of any violence perpetrated by a student or parent against a teacher is particularly significant and represents a major occupational health concern. The present study examines for the first time the influence of the Job Demands-Control-Support Model on violence directed against teachers. Six hundred and eighty-six teachers working in elementary and high schools in north-east Italy completed an online, self-report questionnaire. Our findings reveal the role played by working conditions in determining teachers’ experience of violence: greater job demands are associated with most offense types, whereas the availability of diffused social support at school is associated with lower rates of harassment. Workload should be equally distributed and kept under control, and violence should gain its place in the shared daily monitoring of practices and experiences at school in order to provide a socially supportive work environment for all teachers.
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Bennett, Jamie, and Richard Shuker. "The potential of prison-based democratic therapeutic communities." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2016-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the work of HMP Grendon, the only prison in the UK to operate entirely as a series of democratic therapeutic communities and to summarise the research of its effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach The paper is both descriptive, providing an overview of the work of a prison-based therapeutic community, and offers a literature review regarding evidence of effectiveness. Findings The work of HMP Grendon has a wide range of positive benefits including reduced levels of disruption in prison, reduced self-harm, improved well-being, an environment that is experienced as more humane and reduced levels of reoffending. Originality/value The work of HMP Grendon offers a well established and evidenced approach to managing men who have committed serious violent and sexually violent offences. It also promotes and embodies a progressive approach to managing prisons rooted in the welfare tradition.
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Egger, Garry, and John Dixon. "Obesity and chronic disease: always offender or often just accomplice?" British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 8 (May 18, 2009): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509371676.
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Over a decade ago, the finding of a form of low-grade systemic inflammation (‘metaflammation’) associated with obesity, insulin resistance and chronic disease proffered a causal explanation for the latter. However, recent work has shown that metaflammation is also associated with several modern lifestyle-related and environmental inducers, with or without obesity. Here, we present accumulating data to show a link between metaflammation and a number of non-microbial environmental and lifestyle stimulants, both with and without obesity. This implies that obesity may often be an accomplice to, as much as an offender in, major metabolic disease. The real (albeit distal) cause of such a disease appears to lie in aspects of the modern techno-industrial environment driving unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. If true, this suggests that while individual weight loss may be a component of chronic disease management, it may be neither ‘necessary’ nor ‘sufficient’ to reduce the problem at a population level. Greater multidisciplinary and policy input is needed to modify the economic and political drivers of the modern, obesogenic environment.
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Orel, Vasily I., Andrey V. Kim, Vasiliy M. Sereda, Sergey I. Bezhenar, Zinaida A. Roslova, Aleksandr L. Rubezhov, Tatyana I. Buldakova, et al. "The organization of medical-social work among children." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped9154-60.
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At the heart of modern conceptual approaches to the development of children’s health, especially the primary care, along with the other is the principle of the evaluation and analysis of environmental factors influencing the health of the child population, and as a consequence, organizational search technologies, having a maximum socialization and effectively integrated into such an environment. It is a complex medical-social approach to monitoring the lives and health of every child allows to achieve the most positive results. In everyday practice a direct part of the pediatric service in addressing social issues arise most often in cases of a clear threat to the life or health of the child. Early diagnosis of adverse society, medical support, social adaptation of the child or are not conducted or are conducted in a very limited extent. However, according to the number of researchers in recent years, the proportion of children, which they can and should be attributed to the categories of social risk, increases and amounts according to various sources 10-25% [5, 8]. First of all, the children in difficult life situations, children from large and dysfunctional families, children with disabilities, children in care, young mothers, children and adolescents are prone to a variety of offences, vagrancy. In modern conditions improvement of the system of medical support of the child population should be provided not only on ways to improve the efficiency and quality of diagnostic and therapeutic aid, but also intensive development of health and social care. So in the decree of the President of the Russian Federation from June 1, 2012 No 761 “On the National strategy of actions in interests of children for 2012-2017” include the need for the development and implementation of modern and efficient technologies of medical and social support children and adolescents.
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Jervis, Robert. "Realism, Game Theory, and Cooperation." World Politics 40, no. 3 (April 1988): 317–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2010216.
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AbstractRecent work has focused on the problem of how states cooperate in the environment of anarchy. Linked to the ideas of the Prisoners' Dilemma and public goods, that work has provided important insights and lines of research. But it also has problems and limitations, which are explored in the paper. The anarchy approach stresses individual actors' choices and slights questions of how issues are posed and constrained. It takes preferences as given without exploring either the frequency of PD situations or the ways in which preferences are formed and can change. Many of the concepts the framework uses—e.g., cooperation and defection, the distinction between offense and defense, and the nature of power—are problematical. Issues of beliefs, perceptions, norms, and values also lead to a different perspective on cooperation.
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Talikowski, Luke, and Sue Gillieatt. "Female sex work in Yangon, Myanmar." Sexual Health 2, no. 3 (2005): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04043.
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Background: Myanmar (Burma), with an upper estimate of 400 000 people living with HIV/AIDS, faces a dangerous and potentially devastating epidemic. Female sex workers in the country are one of the most affected populations, with high prevalence rates of both HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken in Yangon at the end of 2002 to investigate the social and demographic features contributing to the transmission of HIV among female sex workers in urban Myanmar. Twenty-seven key informants from the government, non-government organisations (NGOs), international non-government organisations (INGOs), private sector and the United Nations system agencies and 25 women currently working in the sex trade were interviewed. Results: The sex trade in Yangon is rapidly growing and is characterised by a high degree of complexity. The number of female sex workers is estimated to be between 5000 and 10 000 and there are ~100 brothels operating in various townships around the city. Nearly one-third of the women in the study reported previous imprisonment for offences related to sex work as well as fear of harassment, sexual exploitation, violence and gang rape. Almost half reported using condoms with clients at all times. Contradicting views exist as to the level of awareness about STIs and HIV among Yangon sex workers, with the majority never having been tested for HIV. Only one-quarter of women were regular patients of the limited number of STI clinics operated by INGOs. Conclusions: Female sex workers in Myanmar remain a highly marginalised group almost inaccessible due to a variety of legal, political, cultural and social factors and are particularly vulnerable to HIV and STIs. It is important to encourage partnerships between INGOs by promoting service coordination and information sharing to increase the availability of services for sex workers and to build political support for an unpopular cause.
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Timofeieva, Liliia. "Legal Aspects of Environmental Safety in Ukraine and Their Provisions in European Integration Framework)." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.4.
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The article deals with the issues of environmental safety and its provision in the context of European integration. It is emphasized that environmental problems do not know borders and are geopolitical in nature. Failure to comply with environmental safety conditions can have grave consequences, including those that are known to history. Specifically, sustainable development issues related to overcoming the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. The issues of environmental safety, the relationship between the economy, business and the environment, as well as the issue of measures to influence environmental crimes and offenses from various angles have been addressed in the literature. However, the issue of environmental safety in the context of European integration, and in particular in the current conditions of emergency, needs further researching. It is emphasized that the problem is in particular the interaction of society, the state and human with the environment and ensuring security and harmony in such interaction in the context of European integration. The purpose of the work is to optimize the legislation in terms of measures to influence offenses against the environment. A person should take care not only of himself, but also of other people and the environment. It is justified that environmental care should not be guaranteed by the cost of living and human health. Business and financial benefits, power cannot be more important than human life and health, because such activities often lead to environmental pollution. In today’s context, it is important that human rights do not contradict the idea of social naturalism (O.M. Kostenko). Often, modern human rights violate environmental security. It has been found that it is important to strike a balance between human beings, society, the state and the environment in ensuring human rights. In addition, it is concluded that a combination of environmental, administrative, criminal and disciplinary responsibility, as well as the application of mediation and other alternative practices aimed at conflict resolve, is important in responding to environmental offenses.
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Shulha, A., V. Pavlykivskyi, S. Vambol, and V. Vambol. "STUDY OF UKRAINIAN AND WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF WATER BODIES' CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.36-3.2020.19-27.
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The this work purpose is to study present Ukrainian and world experience in the criminal law protection field of water bodies in order to develop recommendations for improving the ways of their protection and rational use. For the analysis of Ukrainian and world norms and laws, an overview and analytical approach was used. The databases Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate were searched for relevant keywords. Methods of mathematical statistical data processing are used to study criminal offenses against water resources on the example of Ukraine and to forecasting them. The rules for collecting wastewater into sewerage systems operating in Ukraine are not strict enough and do not establish clear restrictions for the discharge of wastewater containing active pharmaceutical ingredients. To achieve the result specified in the rules, it is enough to use ineffective cleaning methods. Along with the classical methods of protecting water bodies from contamination by toxic substances, such as environmental engineering, legal mechanisms should be applied to prevent offenses related to water resources. A special place is occupied by the criminal-legal impact on persons guilty of causing harm to environmental objects. However, in Ukraine there is a persistent negative trend regarding the protection of natural waters. The forecast showed that the number of recorded crimes against the environment continues to grow (by at least 4.3 %), and against water resources – by almost a quarter a year (21.8 %). So in Ukraine, legal protection in general and criminal law, in particular, is weak protection against the commission of criminal offenses against the country's water resources by potential offenders. The study of criminal offenses against water resources and their forecasting was carried out on the example of Ukraine, therefore it is recommended to study these issues for other countries of different levels of development. The originality and significance of the study lies in the generalization and analysis of statistical data on criminal offenses against the environment in general, and water bodies in particular, as well as in predicting criminal offenses for the next three years. The study made it possible to identify weaknesses in the legislative and criminal law protection of water bodies in Ukraine, which should become the beginning for improving the ways of their protection and rational use.
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Samoshchuk, Oksana. "THE WORLD OF DIANE ARBUS: A MODEL OF THE OUTSTANDING ARTIST’S PSYCHOLOGICAL PORTRAIT." PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 6, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2020.6.11.7.
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The article author analyzes the factors not only related to Diane Arbus’ formation as an outstanding personality, but also determining the originality of her works. To create Diane Arbus’ psychological characteristics, her biography, autobiographical notes, interviews and other sources were analyzed. The following methods were used: comparison, to compare various data and thoughts about Diane’s personality traits; generalization, to determine the general trend in the artist’s psychological characteristics; and synthesis, to create a model of the photographer’s psychological porter. Diane Arbus’ works can be described by the following qualities: singularity, originality and extremely strong emotionality. The question was also raised whether Diane’s works offended people depicted on them, and whether her photographs were socially correct. Among the leading social factors that influenced Diana’s personality and work, it is necessary examine her close social environment, family, traumatic childhood events and the determining influence of Diane’s teacher - Lisette Model, who revealed Arbus’s creative potential. The article author also investigated the influence of wider social environment, namely, socially significant events: world wars, protests, high-profile political murders, cultural movements, and so on. However, our study has showed that socio-economic or political events had minimal influence on Diane’s personality. Thus, the photographer had such personal trait as resistance to social unrest. The artist’s psychological portrait includes two distinct groups of traits: general, having an impact on Diane’s life, and special, directly related to the specifics of the photographer’s work. Her general features were, in particular: deep introversion, increased emotional sensitivity and anxiety. The article concludes that the choice by Diane Arbus of themes for her works was significantly influenced by traumatic experience of her childhood, as well as empathy, as her permanent personal trait.
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Bjork, Adam, William T. Starmer, Dawn M. Higginson, Christopher J. Rhodes, and Scott Pitnick. "Complex interactions with females and rival males limit the evolution of sperm offence and defence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1619 (May 16, 2007): 1779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0293.
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Postcopulatory sexual selection favours males which are strong offensive and defensive sperm competitors. As a means of identifying component traits comprising each strategy, we used an experimental evolution approach. Separate populations of Drosophila melanogaster were selected for enhanced sperm offence and defence. Despite using a large outbred population and evidence of substantive genetic variation for each strategy, neither trait responded to selection in the two replicates of this experiment. Recent work with fixed chromosome lines of D. melanogaster suggests that complex genotypic interactions between females and competing males contribute to the maintenance of this variation. To determine whether such interactions could explain our lack of response to selection on sperm offence and defence, we quantified sperm precedence across multiple sperm competition bouts using an outbred D. melanogaster population exhibiting continuous genetic variation. Both offensive and defensive sperm competitive abilities were found to be significantly repeatable only across matings involving ejaculates of the same pair of males competing within the same female. These repeatabilities decreased when the rival male stayed the same but the female changed, and they disappeared when both the rival male and the female changed. Our results are discussed with a focus on the complex nature of sperm precedence and the maintenance of genetic variation in ejaculate characteristics.
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Tsvetkov, V. L., and T. A. Khrustaleva. "Psychological reasons and conditions of deviant behavior of juveniles in the temporary detention centers for minor delinquents." Penitentiary Science 14, no. 3 (2020): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-400-406.
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The article analyzes the causes of deviations in the behavior of juveniles and the conditions for their elimination, considers forms of deviant behavior, it formulates recommendations for organizing psychological work with minors held in temporary detention centers for minor offenders. It was revealed that an important role play defects of legal and moral education, neglect, lack of parental control over how the child spends free time, imperfection of the personality formation process, the negative influence of the family and immediate environment and their value orientations, the conflict situation in the origin of the deviant behavior of the minor family, personal characteristics of minors, which arose to a greater extent due to omissions in family education. It is shown that identifying the causes and motives that caused the juvenile to commit an offense, providing counseling to parents or legal representatives of minors to normalize family relationships, an individual approach to organizing preventive work taking into account the personality characteristics of juveniles, help optimize the psychological work with minors held in the temporary detention center for minor offenders. The authors believe that the main emphasis in the organization of psychological work with children and juveniles hold in the temporary detention centers for minor offenders should be made on the correction of the personal value system, since crimes are committed by minors due to the growth of consumer orientation against the background of the loss of moral values, as well as because of the needs of juveniles in inclusion in isolated groups on the background of a violation of relations with the environment.
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Suratman, Yosua Praditya. "The Effectiveness of De-Radicalization Program in Southeast Asia: Does It Work? The Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 5, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v5i2.4302.
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The counterterrorism approach is still harnessed to tackle the spread of radical movement and it is deemed to be a soft strategy for a long term purpose. In the several past years, the government has been conducting de-radicalization program in attempt to bring the terrorist inmates safely to social life after the prison release. This program commonly conducted in the prison while the inmates serving the jail time for terrorism-related offences. Nevertheless, debates rise due to the fail of the program result which prove some recidivists appear to execute another terror attack. An opinion of prison environment which is considered as a potential breeding ground for radicalization aggravates the government effort to reintegrate the prisoners into normal society. This worsened by the activities like recruiting other prisoners and supporting extremist groups from prison which still often occur in Indonesia. Taking two examples from international scope, France has announced to close its de-radicalization program, meanwhile United States under Trump’s leadership prefer to heightened the sentences related to terrorism and to ban Muslim migrants excessively. Meanwhile, Indonesia still convinces that de-radicalization program is one of the most strategic approaches in fighting terrorism, and it is deemed as a soft power with a long term oriented. Therefore, this paper will analyze the effectiveness of the program through theories, facts, and phenomenon. Thus it will yield some recommendations for Indonesian government in strengthening and reshaping its policies.
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Roth, Jeffrey J., and Mari B. Pierce. "Improving responses to juvenile burglary offenders." Safer Communities 18, no. 3/4 (October 14, 2019): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-09-2018-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make evidence-based recommendations for improving the responses of criminal justice agencies to juvenile burglary offenders. Design/methodology/approach The paper first analyzes what is known about factors relevant to young offenders’ initiation into burglary and subsequent persistence in that offense. It then evaluates research regarding juvenile justice interventions that can mitigate those factors in order to prevent youth from becoming involved in burglary or to encourage desistance in juvenile burglars. Findings Effective early intervention with juvenile burglars is vital, as burglars often begin committing this crime in their early teens and quickly develop expertise in the offense. Evidence supports the importance of positive mentoring, substance abuse programs, some forms of restorative justice and multi-modal interventions with education and employment components, while waiving these youth to adult court appears to offer little benefit over less punitive approaches. Originality/value This work delivers an original contribution by providing an analysis of existing burglary and juvenile justice research that may be useful to policymakers, law enforcement and other justice practitioners.
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Homich, Dmitro. "A study and systematization of methods of thefts of natural gas are by interference with work of device of account." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.67.
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The results of the study of different ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance are considered in the article. A special attention is paid to the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The study has revealed that these ways include training actions, committing and hiding of criminological traces of such crimes. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas depend on the following factors: professional skills of the offender, construction of gas network, methods of direct impact on gas meters and their components. Results of studying given problem make it possible to systematize the actions of criminals aimed at direct abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter: by exposure time (regular and one-off), by form of influence (mechanic and magnetic methods). A way of committing a crime manifested itself in committing certain actions and left certain trace picture changing the environment. These changes reflected the ways of committing the crime, disclosed the professional and criminal skills of the offender. The techniques of committing crimes that were investigated were repeated. This pattern is objective in the investigation technique of the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The key finding of the study shows that the repetitive nature of such crimes is explained by the repetition of objective and subjective factors. It gives us reason to talk about similarity in the commission of crimes caused by a coincidence of species traits. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance includes acts that are naturally associated with the commission of a crime and aimed at preparing and hiding them.
Therefore, to prevent the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter the study focused on revealing the ways of committing such crimes because they are of great use in their investigation. A list of ways to steal natural gas is not complete, new ways of abduction of natural gas will appear that will be characterized by greater level of concealment.
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Adib, Muhammad, Sri Kusriyah Kusriyah, and Siti Rodhiyah Dwi Istinah. "The Giving Of Disciplinary Penalty of Civil Servants Based On Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 in Governments of Demak Regency." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8239.
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Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 regarding the discipline of the Civil Servant loading obligations, prohibitions, and disciplinary action which could be taken to the Civil Servant who has been convicted of the offense, is intended to foster a Civil Servant who has committed an offense, the form of disciplinary punishment is mild, moderate, and weight. Disciplinary punishment for the Civil Servant under Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 Concerning the Discipline of Civil Servants. The formulation of this journal issue contains about how the process of disciplinary punishment, and constraints and efforts to overcome the impact of the Civil Servant disciplinary punishment in Government of Demak regency. The approach used in this study is a sociological juridical approach or juridical empirical, that is an approach that examines secondary data first and then proceed to conduct research in the field of primary data normative. The process of giving disciplinary sanctions for State Civil Apparatus in Government of Demak regency begins with the examination conducted by the immediate supervisor referred to in the legislation governing the authority of appointment, transfer and dismissal of civil servants. The results showed that in general the process of sanctioning / disciplinary punishment of civil servants in the Government of Demak be said to be good and there have been compliance with the existing regulations / applied in Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010, although it encountered the competent authorities judge still apply tolerance against the employee, but also a positive impact among their deterrent good not to repeat the same offense or one level higher than before either the Civil Servant concerned or the other. Obstacles in carrying out disciplinary punishment in Government of Demak regency environment is still low awareness of employees to do and be disciplined in performing the tasks for instance delays incoming work, lack of regulatory discipline, lack of supervision system and any violations of employee discipline. There must be constraints to overcome need for cooperation with other stakeholders comprising Inspectorate, BKPP, and the immediate superior civil servants in this way can be mutually reinforcing mutual communication, consultation, coordination so that if later there is a problem in the future could be accounted for.Keywords: Delivery of Disciplinary Sanctions; Civil Servant; Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010.
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Lutnick, Dr Alexandra. "The ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’: A sex worker rights and anti-trafficking initiative." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 12 (April 29, 2019): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201219129.
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This article presents a case study of how sex worker and anti-trafficking organisations and activists in San Francisco, California, worked together to develop and pass the ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’. This policy, as enacted by the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office and the San Francisco Police Department, creates a legal environment where people can come forward and report to law enforcement when they are a victim of or witness to an array of violent crimes while engaged in sex work, and not be arrested or prosecuted for their involvement in that criminalised behaviour or for any misdemeanour drug offences. The article details how the groups came together and the challenges they faced while developing the policy. The work was fuelled by the recognition that no one wants people in the sex industry to experience violence. That is true whether selling sex is their choice, influenced by their life circumstances, or something they are being forced or coerced to do. The Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy is a unique example of the way in which sex workers, people who have experienced trafficking, service providers, activists, women’s rights policymakers, the police department, and the District Attorney’s office came together around a common goal.
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Guy, Roger. "Cleaning up after the Mess: The Individual-Community Nexus in Correctional Rehabilitation." Journal of Applied Social Science 3, no. 2 (September 2009): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193672440900300202.
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The population of America's local, state, and federal prisons increased by nearly 340 percent between 1980 and 2005 (Paparozzi and Demichele 2008). Much of this increase reflects policy intended to get tough on criminals by locking them up longer and removing discretionary power of judges. Therefore, community corrections (i.e., probation and parole) have assumed increased attention recently as more prisoners are diverted and placed on probation and others are released through mandatory parole. One of the most measurable goals of community corrections is a reduction in recidivism. Much of what works today has its origins in symbolic interaction theory. Most social learning occurs through what Albert Bandura referred to as “observational learning.” One component of this approach as applied to community corrections involves parole officers modeling behavior for the offender. Research has shown us that successful modeling requires skill on the part of parole officers in order for the process of observational learning to occur. The second component in therapeutic intervention in corrections is that the client/offender must have the opportunity to reinforce the new behavior. Research suggests that this “role playing” should occur in a nonthreatening environment, with the offender receiving reinforcement for positive prosocial/noncriminal behavior and immediate disapproval for antisocial behavior. Finally, this paper will propose an integrative approach for prisoner reentry that extends this process of resocialization to include broader involvement of social institutions and the community.
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Aniskina, N. V. "Classification of administrative enforcement measures applied by officers of the Federal Penal Service of Russia." Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction 13, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-2-200-206.
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Much of the research is devoted to administrative enforcement as one of the leading methods of state management. However the generally accepted version of the classification of administrative enforcement measures has not yet been formed in the theory of administrative law. Moreover unlike the police officers (militia), only a fraction of the work is devoted to the study of the system of administrative enforcement measures used by the Federal Penal Service of Russia in the implementation of jurisdictional powers. In the scientific community there is no unity in the perception of this complex sociolegal phenomenon, which is due to a number of reasons: the diversity of public relations regulated by administrative law arising in the field of public administration; lack of unity in the choice of criteria for classification; the different types of enforcement measures used, etc. The analysis of the main classification models of administrative enforcement measures presented in the scientific environment made it possible to develop an author’s classification that takes into account the characteristic features of social relations taking shape in the functioning of institutions and bodies of the penal system. Depending on the objective purpose the measures of administrative enforcement applied by employees of the Federal Penal Service of Russia are divided into measures of administrative enforcement not related to committing an administrative offense (administrative preventive measures) and measures of administrative enforcement related to committing an administrative offense (administrative suppressive measures, measures of administrative and procedural security, measures of administrative responsibility). The proposed classification allows us to comprehensively analyze the external impact of administrative enforcement measures on public relations in the penal system to understand the purpose of these measures and also to see the final result of their use which contributes to solving many problems of a theoretical and practice-oriented nature.
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Ch, Rupa, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu, Mustufa Haider Abidi, and Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari. "Computational System to Classify Cyber Crime Offenses using Machine Learning." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 4087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104087.
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Particularly in the last decade, Internet usage has been growing rapidly. However, as the Internet becomes a part of the day to day activities, cybercrime is also on the rise. Cybercrime will cost nearly $6 trillion per annum by 2021 as per the cybersecurity ventures report in 2020. For illegal activities, cybercriminals utilize any network computing devices as a primary means of communication with a victims’ devices, so attackers get profit in terms of finance, publicity and others by exploiting the vulnerabilities over the system. Cybercrimes are steadily increasing daily. Evaluating cybercrime attacks and providing protective measures by manual methods using existing technical approaches and also investigations has often failed to control cybercrime attacks. Existing literature in the area of cybercrime offenses suffers from a lack of a computation methods to predict cybercrime, especially on unstructured data. Therefore, this study proposes a flexible computational tool using machine learning techniques to analyze cybercrimes rate at a state wise in a country that helps to classify cybercrimes. Security analytics with the association of data analytic approaches help us for analyzing and classifying offenses from India-based integrated data that may be either structured or unstructured. The main strength of this work is testing analysis reports, which classify the offenses accurately with 99 percent accuracy.
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Frinaldi, Aldri, and Muhamad Ali Embi. "BUDAYA KERJA EWUH PAKEWUH DI KALANGAN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL ETNIK JAWA (STUDI PADA KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT)." Humanus 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v13i1.4099.
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This research aims to analyze the influence of ethnic work culture ‘ewuh pakewuh’ of civil servant working in the West Pasaman regency. Ethnic work culture ‘ewuh pakewuh’ is someone’s behavior of worrying his/her attitude or remark wiil offend other people. This research used qualitative approach. Informants are selected using purposive sampling of civil servants from Javanese ethnic group who work in West Pasaman administration. The sample are also selected using snowball and convenience/accidental method. The research is conducted in local inspectorate, plantation agency, civil servant agencies, education and training agency, and local secretariat. Informants consist of 2 echelon III officials, 2 echelon IV and 8 staff. Data is interpreted using thick description method; so that the cultural significance of this work ethic can be explored more intensely in order to elaborate deeply the ewuh pakewuh work culture beyond what is visible. The results obtained indicate that the ethnic work culture ewuh pakewuh have positive and negative sides. The positive side shows high appreciation for higher authority, and an effort to respect and implement sincerely the policies made by the authority. However the ewuh pakewuh ethnic work culture discourages the staff to give suggestions and opinions, causing uncritical (nrimo) work culture. A change is needed to encourage them implement less the ewuh pakewuh that leads to ethnic work culture in order to create creative and innovative work culture. This change has to be started by the leaders and staff to establish an egalitarian culture in the working environment of the local goverment agencies.Key words: Ethnic Work Culture, Ewuh Pakewuh, Civil Servants
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Pramadityas, Ainsya Rakhmidianty, Idah Hamidah, and Hartati Hartati. "An Analysis of The Image of Woman Based on Yukiguni Novel by Kawabata Yasunari." J-Litera: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya Jepang 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jlitera.2021.3.1.2397.
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This study is entitled with “An Analysis of the Image of Woman Based on Yukiguni Novel by Kawabata Yasunari” which purposes are to describe the characterization and the image of woman reflected on the main character, Komako. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data are based on one of Kawabata Yasunari works, Yukiguni, 1971, which presented in narration and dialog to reflect the characterization and describe the image of woman from Komako. The data collecting method chosen is close reading technique (repeat reading). To analyse the finding, the method used in this study is narrative analysis. The findings of this study shown that the main woman character, Komako is described as a person who is easily offended, a drunkard, careless, yet neat. Her profession as Geisha displays a neat and beautiful physical image. Komako, either as a Geisha or Japanese woman, has a physic image who is easily offended, disliking liars, feeling guilty and careless. Other than that, she has a famous social image, as being well know by others, having a high sense of empathy, yet a rule breaker in which resulting her relationship between the environment she is living and herself as a person is inharmonious. To sum up, the physical images possessed by Komako is contrary with her psychic image and social.
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Kirin, Roman S., Petro M. Baranov, and Volodymyr L. Khomenko. "The State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine (Geonadra) as a legal subject exercising the right of geological control." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112007.
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The article analyzes the scientific and legislative provisions related to the legal status of the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine as a subject of geological control. The external and internal structural peculiarities and normative bases of exercising the control and supervisory functions of the State Geonadra are investigated. The external aspect is the subordination of the organization to the Ministry of the Environment, which determines the priority areas of work of the State Geonadra, approves its work plans and harmonizes the structure of the apparatus. The internal aspect is that it exercises its powers directly both through established territorial bodies (Department of State Geological Control, inter-regional territorial departments and through territorial inspectorates, which are within the sphere of management of the State Geonadra) created within the established order. The normative grounds for exercising control and supervisory functions by the State Geonadra at the present stage are analyzed: the law on state surveillance; government regulations; orders of the State Regulatory Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Environment and the State Geonadra; annual and monthly inspection plans; document forms and reporting forms. The authors propose a classification of subjects of geological control rights, which includes the following types: general, generic and direct (primary and secondary). The classification of scheduled and unscheduled inspections as measures of state supervision (control) was made according to the following criteria: patrimonial subject of control; the object of control over the use of mineral resources; the subject of the initiation and the reason for unscheduled inspections; the object of control over the destination of minerals; the object of control over the type of natural mineral substance. The beginning of the reform of the state supervision (control) system in the field of environmental protection is characterized. Its purpose is to create an effective state system for the prevention of environmental offences and for environmental monitoring, reduce the pressure on the business environment, encourage broad involvement of the public in the supervision (control), formation of a single integrated state body of environmental monitoring and control (D) – State Environmental Protection Service.
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Misic, P. "Specifics of the implementation of the security measures of medical nature in the Republic of Serbia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.894.
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The medical security measures in the Republic of Serbia include:– mandatory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a medical institution;– mandatory psychiatric treatment at liberty;– mandatory treatment of alcoholics and;– compulsory Drug Addiction Treatment.The aim of this presentation is to explain how the medical security measures are implemented in the Republic of Serbia. The methods used in this study are analysis and synthesis of the implementation of security measures in the Republic of Serbia based on many years of practical work in forensic centre for the implementation of security measures. By duration of medical security, measures may be twofold:– of unlimited duration, when the offender is undergoing medical treatment and keeping in a medical institution, while there is a need for treatment, or until there is no threat to the environment (the length of time is difficult to determine, however, that the most common word on the permanent indefinite treatment and storage required special caution and detailed analysis of all the elements relevant for this decision).– limited duration, where the duration of treatment is determined by the court and to no longer than three years as provided in the current The Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia.The basis of every civilized society make the legal and moral norms governing the relations within the community, and thus regulate and protect their most essential element – the man – his physical and psychological integrity.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Kinoshita, Chika. "Something More Than a Seduction Story." Feminist Media Histories 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 29–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2015.1.1.29.
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In 1935, actress Shiga Akiko was arrested for an offense under the Criminal Abortion Law. From 1936 to 1937, her case generated substantial media coverage and public debate. Liberal intellectuals generally viewed Shiga as a victim of the pronatal state; her scandal provided feminists with an opportunity to analyze the relationships among working women, their work environment, and the politics of reproduction. On the pages of women's magazines, readers avidly followed Shiga's case because she was caught up in contradictory forces, as most of them were: pride in work, love for movies, fascination with celebrity culture, and normative femininity. This essay contextualizes discursive and filmic responses to the Shiga scandal within historical processes in the late 1930s Japan. The state attempted to fully incorporate women into the nation-state as subjects for the imminent war. In order to mobilize half the population—indispensable for reproduction—without granting them full rights, various forms of negotiations, persuasions, and seductions took place. The Home Ministry increased control over the film industry by tightening censorship, particularly on representations of women. This essay demonstrates the film industry's response to the scandal, which initially took shape as Shiga's unsuccessful comeback projects, resulted in the emergence of a cycle of new seduction stories in which a heroine bears an illegitimate child and yet regains personal integrity and economic independence. This example of a compromise among commercial cinema, active women, and the state's pressure offers a new perspective on wartime Japanese film culture as a field of negotiations.
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Parsons, Julie M. "‘Commensality’ as a theatre for witnessing change for criminalised individuals working at a resettlement scheme." European Journal of Probation 10, no. 3 (December 2018): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220318819239.
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This article draws on analysis of interview data from an exploratory case study at an independent ‘offender’ resettlement scheme in England, investigating the benefits or otherwise of commensality for criminalised individuals and the wider community who share a communal lunchtime meal. For prisoners released on temporary licence and others referred through probation, caught in the liminal space between criminal and civilian life, commensality enables social interaction with non-criminalised individuals in a social environment outside of the prison estate. It becomes an arena for the display of non-criminalised identities in preparation for release into the community after punishment. It is a useful tool for social integration that challenges stereotypical beliefs about criminalised individuals amongst the wider community. Moreover, commensality works as a theatre for the performance of non-criminalised identities, by promoting social inclusion and generativity, it is part of a process of desistance geared towards improving self-worth.
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Grunewald, Dorit, Larisa Pilic, August-Wilhelm Bödecker, Jörg Robertz, and Astrid Althaus. "Die praktische Ausbildung des medizinischen Nachwuchses – Identifizierung von Lehrpraxen-Charakteristika in der Allgemeinmedizin." Das Gesundheitswesen 82, no. 07 (May 22, 2019): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0894-4556.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Eine flächendeckende hausärztliche Versorgung wird durch die soziodemografische Entwicklung der Bevölkerung sowie durch Nachwuchsprobleme in der Allgemeinmedizin gefährdet. Positive Erfahrungen Medizinstudierender während absolvierter Praktika in den akademischen Lehrpraxen wecken das Interesse am Beruf des allgemeinmedizinischen Hausarztes. Bislang gab es jedoch keine hinlänglichen Untersuchungen, welche Lehrpraxen-Charakteristika von Bedeutung sein können, um Medizinstudierende für den Beruf als Hausarzt zu begeistern. Methoden Es wurden vier Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt 22 Studierenden durchgeführt. Die Gruppendiskussionen wurden aufgezeichnet, anschließend transkribiert und danach mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse softwareunterstützt ausgewertet. Ergebnisse Variablen, die die wahrgenommene Attraktivität des Berufs des Hausarztes steigerten waren Anleitung und Betreuung durch den Lehrpraxen-Inhaber sowie dessen Feedback-Verhalten, eine offene und respektvolle Haltung des Lehrarztes gegenüber den Studierenden, die Möglichkeit zum selbstständigen Arbeiten, das breite Krankheitsspektrum und der abwechslungsreiche Arbeitsalltag, langjährige Arzt-Patienten-Beziehungen sowie eine ausgewogene Work-Life Balance. Variablen, die die wahrgenommene Attraktivität des Berufs Hausarztes reduzierten waren das wirtschaftliche Risiko der Praxisgründung und Selbstständigkeit, das Überweisen von Patienten zu Spezialisten bei „interessanten Befunden“ sowie eine nicht ausgewogene Work-Life Balance. Schlussfolgerung Die praktische Ausbildung Medizinstudierender in Lehrpraxen hat das Potenzial, die Attraktivität des Berufes Hausarzt zu steigern und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass Studierende sich später für den Tätigkeitsbereich „Hausarzt“ entscheiden. Dazu bedarf es motivierter Lehrpraxen-Inhaber, die Studierenden einen positiven Einblick in den Praxisalltag vermitteln.
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Wortman Jofre, Santiago. "Corporate Criminal Liability and Compliance Management Systems." Brill Research Perspectives in Transnational Crime 2, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 1–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680931-12340008.
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AbstractThe present work analyses the case of Spain in relation to Compliance Management Systems and Corporate Criminal Liability. It studies the way criminal justice understands and uses Compliance Management Systems to target corporate criminality. Moreover, it aims to deconstruct the way Compliance Management Systems are implemented in different corporations. To that end, I conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with Compliance Officers and performed content analysis on judicial documents. While not being able to generalise or give definite conclusions, the results showed a misconnection between the aim of criminal law provisions and the profit-driven objectives of corporations. Furthermore, results unveiled the powerful motivation of requirements. Companies sought to implement Compliance Management Systems to access new markets, better supplies and insurance fee discounts. Rather than the threat of punishment the analysis indicated a stronger effect through the positive stimuli of requiring a Compliance Management System for a benefit. The study also showed a fear for the reputational consequences of being subjected to a criminal procedure, thus indicating a better predisposition to solve offences through alternative conflict resolution methods. The lack of a clear message from the criminal justice reduced the deterrent effect of punishment. This lack of clear standards may have fostered social disorganisation within the environment of corporations, thus constituting fertile ground for corporate crimes.
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Dolgovykh, I. V., M. V. Maslakova, and L. I. Patrakova. "Information interaction of libraries with children at risk." Bibliosphere, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2019-1-64-70.
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The topic relevance is increasing due to the children number rise of homeless, dysfunctional, incomplete, low-income, left without parental care, from families using destructive methods, bringing to congenital disorders of the physical and psychological development, who could falling into unfavorable environment take the path of asocial behavior, disharmonious development and, as a result, getting into the «risk groups». The article objective is to determine the library involvement in preventing the children at risk neglect through multiformat forms of the work popularizing books and reading for the educational and cultural development of children. N. V. Stetsenko describes children at risk groups as exposed to biological, psychological, social influences, their tendency to offenses, violence and other types of antisocial behavior. Сhildren at risk include the following categories: gifted children; poorly educated; children with disabilities; children from problem and dysfunctional, asocial families; pedagogically neglected children; children from families in need of socio-economic and socio-psychological assistance and support. Currently, the work of a librarian with children at risk is an urgent problem related to growth of families and minors of the «special attention group», where the library task is to reach the maximum number of children attracted to the library. Difficult children is a complicated category; therefore, library and information workers need to know the characteristics of such children, effective methods and methods of educational and preventive work. Сhildren at risk need to adapt to the world around them, broaden their horizons, communicate with their peers, organize leisure activities, express themselves creatively, receive information and services, and satisfy their intellectual needs. The library has the staff, resources and means capable to form a harmoniously developed child personality , including children at risk. The library is designed to create for readers not only comfortable (it's important), but productive conditions with the point of intellectual growth, for example, the reader’s participation in organizing library activities (storytelling, makerspace, creative workshops, etc.). The modern library helps to reduce the number of «disadvantaged children», heals the social environment, makes it more friendly and safe for a child.
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Vander Laenen, Freya, and Tom Vander Beken. "The search for integrated paradigms of care for people with mental illness who offend: the enabling personality of Eric Broekaert." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 38, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-01-2017-0001.
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Purpose As a tribute to Eric Broekaert, the purpose of this paper is to look back at a 2004 paper he wrote on the integration of paradigms of care and reports on how this is reflected in an ongoing multidisciplinary study at Ghent University. Design/methodology/approach In 2014, the authors began a research project to develop multidisciplinary strengths-based strategies for a vulnerable group of people, in this case people with a mental illness who offend. The authors chose a strength-based research design for the study, in order to focus on individuals’ capabilities, qualities and assets, rather than on deficits, incapacities or problems. Findings Three elements from Eric Broekaert’s work have inspired the research project. First, it is not possible to carry out research and interact with vulnerable persons devoid of the political, social and cultural context. Second, the authors should not restrict to one discipline or one paradigm when building (academic) knowledge and in practice. Third, the central aim of any practice should be to empower vulnerable people, improve their quality of life and challenge aspects of society that alienate and exclude them. Originality/value Eric Broekaert’s belief in the power of encounter and integration, reflected in his 2004 paper, continues to influence this work. As an open-minded enabler and critical integrator, he has left very visible traces in the research environment at Ghent University and beyond. Inspired by his thoughts and personality, new generations of researchers across many disciplines follow in his footsteps, jointly searching for what unites us as human beings rather than what divides us.
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Deyneka, O. S., L. N. Dukhanina, D. V. Krylova, and A. A. Maksimenko. "Perceptions of Corruption in Higher Education among Alumni of the Leading Russian Universities." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, no. 7 (July 29, 2020): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-7-64-74.
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The article analyzes current trends in the study of corruption in the higher education system in Russia and Western countries. Classifications of corruption abuse, the structure of corruption indicators in universities, problems of studying attitudes towards corruption in the higher education system and the reflection of abuse in the media are discussed. The results of a survey of graduates of seven leading Russian universities for the period from September 2019 to January 30, 2020 are presented. Using the authors’ questionnaire, 1,468 graduates of 2013 and 2018 were interviewed. An additional task was also performed to compare anti-corruption materials on the websites of seven leading Russian universities. The results of the survey indicate the positive dynamics of students’ perceptions of corruption offenses in the direction of decreasing their frequency, which, along with site analysis data, indicates a systematic work that has been carried out in each of the universities over the past years. The authors note the need for greater awareness among university students and teachers about the various situations of corruption, as well as the creation of a feedback about the possible cases of abuse in the university environment that is safe for an applicant.
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Alam, Mohammad Ashraful, and Mahmuda Akter. "Nature of Victimization and Deviant Behavior among Homeless Adolescents: A Study in Gazipur." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v4i2.240.
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Homeless adolescents are at great risk for both victimization and perpetration. The key objectives of the study is to know the nature and causes of victimization and deviant behavior among homeless adolescents in Bangladesh, identify the pattern of victimization particularly in employment sector and in social life and the issues that encourage the homeless adolescents to be involved in deviant behavior. This study is based on descriptive research which found significant information on socio-demographic characteristics of homeless adolescents, involvement in work for earning livelihood at early age, scenery of victimization in working environment, and finally participating in deviant behavior. Homeless adolescents become socially victimized as in most of cases, they have no regular contact with their family, and many adolescent even did not complete their primary education, deprived from basic rights of medical, sports and recreational facility. Furthermore, maximum homeless adolescents are day laborers and are involved in risky employment for long time, getting negligible salary and majority of them are become victim of physical torture and sexual harassment. Besides, most of the homeless adolescents get very harsh behavior from public and large numbers of them are arrested by the police during working. Thus, underprivileged homeless adolescents are become precariously victimized in society. Consequently, most of homeless adolescents are involved in pity offences, became drug abuser and gradually involved with various criminal gangs. So the study finally finds that homeless adolescent are being victimized in different perspective and also being involved with delinquency and serious crimes.