Relevant bibliographies by topics / Work incentive programs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Work incentive programs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Work incentive programs"

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Robert, Sarah A. "Incentives, Teachers, and Gender at Work." education policy analysis archives 21 (April 1, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n31.2013.

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Incentive pay programs have become panacea for a multitude of educational challenges. When aimed at teachers the assumption is that rewards entice them to work in particular ways or particular schools. However, the assumption is based on an economic formula that does not take into consideration the gendered nature of policy processes. This study examined ethnographically 10 teachers’ decision-making processes regarding whether to take up The Rural Program [La Ruralidad] in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, which rewarded qualified educators with bonus pay to work in hard-to-staff schools, to address the question: How does gender mediate teachers’ decision-making process to take up an incentive reward? I isolate three conditions: safety, transportation, and community, to show how gendered relations, identities, and roles incentivize teachers. I argue that masculinities and femininities mediated teachers’ approach to taking up incentives. Rather than a simplistic, one-time-only decision, the study shows an on-going policy process that involves women and men in “rational economic decision making” mired by gender.
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Gershon, Rachel, Cynthia Cryder, and Leslie K. John. "Why Prosocial Referral Incentives Work: The Interplay of Reputational Benefits and Action Costs." Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243719888440.

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Selfish incentives typically outperform prosocial incentives, and customer referral programs frequently use such “selfish” (i.e., sender-benefiting) incentives to incentivize current customers to recruit new customers. However, in two field experiments and a fully incentivized lab experiment, this research finds that “prosocial” (i.e., recipient-benefiting) referral incentives recruit more new customers. Five subsequent experiments test a process account for this effect, identifying two key psychological mechanisms: reputational benefits and action costs. First, at the referral stage, senders (existing customers) anticipate reputational benefits for referring recipients (potential new customers), who receive a reward for signing up. These reputational benefits render recipient-benefiting referrals just as effective as sender-benefiting referrals at the relatively low-cost referral stage. Second, at the uptake stage, recipient-benefiting referrals are more effective than sender-benefiting referrals: recipient-benefiting referrals directly incentivize recipients to sign up, providing a clear reward for an otherwise costly uptake decision. The preponderance of selfish, or sender-benefiting, referral incentives in the marketplace suggests these effects are unanticipated by marketers who design incentive schemes.
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Breen, Rachel J., Stuart G. Ferguson, and Matthew A. Palmer. "Smokers’ Perceptions of Incentivized Smoking Cessation Programs: Examining How Payment Thresholds Change With Income." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, no. 9 (February 23, 2021): 1567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab031.

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Abstract Introduction Studies demonstrate that financial incentive programs increase smoking cessation. However, there is little guidance on which incentive magnitudes will ensure optimal enrollment and motivation levels. This study investigates current smokers’ perceptions of varying incentive magnitudes to identify whether there is evidence for optimal amount(s) and whether perceptions differ by income group. Methods Studies 1 (N = 56) and 2 (N = 147) were conducted online via Prolific.co. Current smokers were randomly shown multiple hypothetical incentive programs that differed only in the incentive amount offered. For each program, smokers rated its appeal and their likelihood of enrolling and predicted their motivation to quit if enrolled. Growth models were used to investigate the relationship between perspectives and the incentive amount. Results An increasing quadratic trend in smokers’ perceptions of programs as the incentive amount increased was identified. Incentive amounts beyond approximately £50–75 per week (£500–£750 total) did not significantly alter perceptions of programs. In Study 2, high-income smokers found programs significantly less appealing and motivating than low-income smokers, although no significant between-group differences were observed in the likelihood of enrollment. No significant differences were observed between low- and middle-income smokers. Conclusions Increasing the incentive amount increased smoker’s perceptions of programs. This relationship was curvilinear, meaning there may be a point beyond which further increasing the amount will not improve enrollment or motivation levels. Incentives appear equally appealing to low- and middle-income smokers; the population among whom smoking is most prevalent. Future research could explore other elements of program design and whether findings hold under real-world conditions. Implications While acknowledging that they work, policymakers frequently request information about the monetary amount needed for incentive programs to be effective, and if this differs by income level. We investigated these questions using smokers’ perceptions of hypothetical cessation programs that differed in the amount offered. An increasing quadratic trend in perceptions of programs by the amount and potential cut points was observed, suggesting a point may exist beyond which increasing the incentive will not improve perceptions of programs or enrollment levels. High-income smokers may not perceive incentives to be as appealing as other income groups, but appear equally willing to enroll.
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Lubarsky, David A., Michael T. French, Howard S. Gitlow, Lisa F. Rosen, and Steven G. Ullmann. "Why Money Alone Can’t (Always) “Nudge” Physicians." Anesthesiology 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002373.

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Abstract Behavioral economics seeks to define how humans respond to incentives, how to maximize desired behavioral change, and how to avoid perverse negative impacts on work effort. Relatively new in their application to physician behavior, behavioral economic principles have primarily been used to construct optimized financial incentives. This review introduces and evaluates the essential components of building successful financial incentive programs for physicians, adhering to the principles of behavioral economics. Referencing conceptual publications, observational studies, and the relatively sparse controlled studies, the authors offer physician leaders, healthcare administrators, and practicing anesthesiologists the issues to consider when designing physician incentive programs to maximize effectiveness and minimize unintended consequences.
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Bergolo, Marcelo, and Guillermo Cruces. "Work and tax evasion incentive effects of social insurance programs." Journal of Public Economics 117 (September 2014): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.015.

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Soherwardy, Aalia, and Elizabeth Crouch. "Assessing Initiatives for Rural Health Practices in South Carolina." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/jur.2020.028.

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The purpose of this study was to determine which incentives are most effective in motivating medical students to practice in rural areas of South Carolina, which can be informative for the medical practitioner rural recruitment process. Medical students attending the University of South Carolina School of Medicine located in Columbia, South Carolina were surveyed about demographic information, motivations for rural practice, and considerations for choosing a practice location (n=109). Chi-square tests and bivariate analyses were used to test for significant differences. A significant relationship was found between previous residence in a rural area and personal motivation to practice in a rural area (p<0.001). It was also found that 86.2% of students who had previously lived, worked, or served in rural areas had a personal motivation to practice medicine in a rural area, confirming previous research. Loan forgiveness options were the most appealing personal incentive for the students in this study, closely followed by guaranteed minimum incomes and tax incentives; financial incentives were more preferred than non-financial incentives like reduced on-call work and accelerated residencies. The results of this study can be utilized to craft future state-supported incentive programs or to tailor current programs to more effectively recruit students to rural practice. KEYWORDS: Rural; Recruitment; Healthcare Provider; Shortage; Incentive Programs; Medical Student; Southern United States; Loan Forgiveness
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Soherwardy, Aalia, and Elizabeth Crouch. "Assessing Initiatives for Rural Health Practices in South Carolina." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2020.028.

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The purpose of this study was to determine which incentives are most effective in motivating medical students to practice in rural areas of South Carolina, which can be informative for the medical practitioner rural recruitment process. Medical students attending the University of South Carolina School of Medicine located in Columbia, South Carolina were surveyed about demographic information, motivations for rural practice, and considerations for choosing a practice location (n=109). Chi-square tests and bivariate analyses were used to test for significant differences. A significant relationship was found between previous residence in a rural area and personal motivation to practice in a rural area (p<0.001). It was also found that 86.2% of students who had previously lived, worked, or served in rural areas had a personal motivation to practice medicine in a rural area, confirming previous research. Loan forgiveness options were the most appealing personal incentive for the students in this study, closely followed by guaranteed minimum incomes and tax incentives; financial incentives were more preferred than non-financial incentives like reduced on-call work and accelerated residencies. The results of this study can be utilized to craft future state-supported incentive programs or to tailor current programs to more effectively recruit students to rural practice. KEYWORDS: Rural; Recruitment; Healthcare Provider; Shortage; Incentive Programs; Medical Student; Southern United States; Loan Forgiveness
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Агальцова, Ирина, and Irina Agaltsova. "INCENTIVE TOURISM AS A WAY OF PERSONNEL MOTIVATION." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 5 (August 29, 2016): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21194.

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The article investigates the incentive tourism as one of the effective ways of non-monetary encouragement of staff. The author defines the incentive tourism as one of the components of business tourism and the considers the basic features of the organization of incentive tour. The article presents the statements of well-known motivation theories and based on them analyzes incentive tourism as a way of motivation. The author proves that incentive programs can meet the specific needs of an employee, encouraging to a more qualitative and productive work. The article also notes the high valence of incentive tourism, and explains why this type of tourism is not well developed in Russia in comparison with the US and European countries. The author concludes that the using by companies incentive tourism programs not only can positively affect the indoor climate in the team, but also have a positive impact on strengthening the company&#180;s commitment, improving the quality of work, professional-level rise, and this, in turn, necessarily affect on the favorable development and prosperity of the organization. Thus, the use by organizations of incentive programs is regarded as an effective investment, bringing positive results over the long term.
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Williamson, Stephen D. "Low Real Interest Rates, Collateral Misrepresentation, and Monetary Policy." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 202–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20150035.

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A model is constructed in which households and banks have incentives to fake the quality of collateral. These incentive problems matter when collateral is scarce in the aggregate—when real interest rates are low. Conventional monetary easing can exacerbate these problems, in that the misrepresentation of collateral becomes more profitable, thus increasing haircuts and interest rate differentials. Central bank purchases of private mortgages may not be feasible, due to the misrepresentation of asset quality. If feasible, central bank asset purchase programs work by circumventing suboptimal fiscal policy, not by mitigating incentive problems in asset markets. (JEL E43, E52, E58, E62, G21)
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Orsingher, Chiara, and Jochen Wirtz. "Psychological drivers of referral reward program effectiveness." Journal of Services Marketing 32, no. 3 (May 14, 2018): 256–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-07-2017-0247.

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Purpose Empirical research presents conflicting findings with regards to the effectiveness of referral reward programs (RRPs) and supports two alternative and conflicting views on the effectiveness of incentivizing recommendations. They are, first, a positive effect via perceived attractiveness of the incentive, and second, a negative effect via metaperception of the recommendation. The purpose of this paper is to examine these two opposing psychological mechanisms to reconcile the conflicting findings. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted three experiments. Study 1 tests the base model. Studies 2 and 3 add moderators to test whether each mediating variable operates exclusively on its intended relationship. Findings Incentive size enhanced the attractiveness of an incentive, but reduced the metaperception favorability of the recommendation. These two opposing mechanisms operated in parallel, independently and fully mediated the effects of incentive size to likelihood of making a recommendation. Thus, the net impact of incentives on recommendation behavior depended on the relative strengths of these two opposing forces. Practical implications The study recommends managers to design RRPs with incentives that recommenders perceive as highly useful (i.e. to increase attractiveness) but have a low face value (i.e. to reduce metaperception concerns) and to target RRPs to strong rather than weak ties. Originality/value Our work offers an integrated theoretical account of consumers’ responses to incentivized recommendations and provides managerially relevant guidelines for the design of effective RRPs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Work incentive programs"

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Zelenski, Lynne. "A group pay incentive program in academe impact on faculty work and attitudes /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 8, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-116). Also issued in print.
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Nolan, Renee H. "Uncovering the Keys of Success In The Utah Medicaid Work Incentive Program: A Grounded Theory Study." DigitalCommons@USU, 2006. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6236.

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The purpose of this grounded theory research was to determine what differentiates people with disabilities who leave Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits due to increased income from those who cannot. Fifteen individuals, former and current participants in a Medicaid Buy-In program, were interviewed. Within the context of health and disability, four theoretical propositions were identified: education, opportunity to work, interpersonal support, and secure housing. Higher benefit levels were also found to be an effective barrier for many.
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Rusev, Emil Klaauw Wilbert van der. "The relative effectiveness of welfare programs, earnings subsidies, and child care subsidies as work incentives for single mothers." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1158.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Economics." Discipline: Economics; Department/School: Economics.
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Oh, Hyun-ah Lorber Michael A. "The effects of individualistic, cooperative task, and cooperative incentive structures on college student achievement in computer programming in BASIC." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1988. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8818720.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1988.
Title from title page screen, viewed September 13, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Michael A. Lorber (chair), Doris R. Bordeur, Larry D. Kennedy, Patricia H. Klass, Curt M. White. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-90) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Song, Chanho. "AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF THE PERFORMANCE OF REFERRAL REWARD PROGRAMS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1429129094.

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Axelsson, Emma, and Cruz Kleo Dela. "Chef och anställdas upplevelser av ett individuellt prestationsbaserat lönesystem : Identifiering av upplevelser och utmaningar vid prestationsbaserat arbete på ett rekryteringsföretag." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146229.

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The aim of this study is to investigate and identify perceptions, problems and challenges that may arise for wage-setting managers as well as individual employees when working with a performance-based payroll system. A letter of formal notice was sent to a recruitment company inviting them to participate in the study, which also included an explanation of the study’s purpose, approach and procedure. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with nine participants, including the wage-setting manager. The study has given insight into how these participants perform in relation to the performance-based payroll system and the results of the study imply that their experiences vary to a great extent. The wage-setting manager believes that the payroll system is well-functioning. However, he finds challenges in creating a common interpretation of the salary criterias with his employees, as well as communicating the basis of his wage-setting decisions. For employees, results show that the payroll system contributes to experiences of increased motivation and development, as well as stress. Additionally, the study indicates that the results reflect a gender perspective as the women in the study are more prone to stress caused by the performance-based payroll system than men.
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Hottmar, Jiří. "Motivace zaměstnanců skladové logistiky v mrazírenském zařízení ve společnosti HOPI s. r. o." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264282.

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The thesis focuses on an evaluation of an employee motivation scheme in a cold storage at HOPI s.r.o. The main objective is to propose recommendations in order to improve the employee motivation scheme. The thesis predominantly focuses on the ordinary warehouse workers (picker, handler, truck drivers, etc.). The scheme has set objectives that are met in the context of the logistics environment, which itself, is characterised by certain specifics. To reach the objective, I conducted a survey of employee satisfaction, surveys within recruitment agencies and interviews with the HOPI warehouse workers. The practical part of the work is based on the internal documentation of HOPI, as well as the information provided by the representatives of the recruitment agencies.
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Books on the topic "Work incentive programs"

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Berlin, Gordon L. Encouraging work reducing poverty: The impact of work incentive programs. New York, NY: Manpower Demonstration Research Corp., 2000.

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Besley, Timothy. Workfare vs. welfare: Incentive arguments for work requirements in poverty alleviation programs. Coventry: University of Warwick Department of Economics, 1989.

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Friedlander, Daniel. A study of performance measures and subgroup impacts in three welfare employment programs. Washington, D.C: National Commission for Employment Policy, 1987.

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Wider Opportunities for Women, Inc. [National projects on Family Economic Self-Sufficiency, Work4Women and Workplace Solutions Project, Matching Welfare REcipients in the Washington Region to Well-Paid Work, Job Connections 2000, Women's College Assistance Project, Constructing Avenues for Self-sufficiency, Work-Skills Program, Women at Work Awards]. Washington, D.C: Wider Opportunities for Women, Inc., 1999.

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Ontario. Working Group on the 1987 Work Force Survey. Report to the public hospitals in Ontario on the 1987 Hospital Work Force Survey and the Employment Equity Incentive Fund Program. [Toronto: Ministry of Health], 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation. President's AFDC work proposals and the White House Domestic Policy Council evaluation of federal welfare programs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, February 27, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation. President's AFDC work proposals and the White House Domestic Policy Council evaluation of federal welfare programs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, February 27, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation. President's AFDC work proposals and the White House Domestic Policy Council evaluation of federal welfare programs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, February 27, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Lightman, Ernie S. Work incentives and disincentives in Ontario. Toronto, Ont: Social Assistance Review Committee, 1987.

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Hoynes, Hilary Williamson. Work incentives and the food stamp program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Work incentive programs"

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Mohamed, Bahaaeldin, and Thomas Köhler. "The Fish Model: When Do Researchers Collaborate Online?" In Progress in IS, 29–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66262-2_3.

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AbstractThe questions of whether and how doctoral students are motivated for enhanced research collaboration deserve thorough consideration. Even though collaboration in general and its mediated forms, such as computer-supported cooperative work and collaborative learning (CSCW and CSCL), are prominent research topics, only a little is known about the methods necessary to design various activities to support research collaboration. With the upcoming generation of tools such as Mendeley, Conference Chair, ResearchGate, or Communote, scholars suspect that web 2.0 services play a decisive role in enabling and enhancing research collaboration. However, there is almost no data available on the extent to which researchers adopt these technologies, and how they do so. Therefore, the authors first present an overview of the current usage of web 2.0 among doctoral researchers in their daily academic routines, based on a survey (n = 140) conducted in the German Federal State of Saxony. It confirms a wide and often specified usage of web 2.0 services for research collaboration. For theoretical analysis, the authors propose a conceptual framework that reflects the requirements of scientific participation and scholarly collaboration within an average international doctoral programme adopting current digital technologies. The aim of this framework is to understand, support, and enhance research collaboration among doctoral researchers. Our fish model highlights the mutual relationship between the following dichotomous factors: (a) tasks/time factors; (b) beliefs/activities; (c) support/context; and (d) incentives/ethical issues. Our results indicate a significant relationship in terms of research collaboration. This relationship has particularly been identified between two dichotomous factors: beliefs/activities and incentives/ethics.
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Waiczies, Sonia, Christian Prinz, Ludger Starke, Jason M. Millward, Paula Ramos Delgado, Jens Rosenberg, Marc Nazaré, Helmar Waiczies, Andreas Pohlmann, and Thoralf Niendorf. "Functional Imaging Using Fluorine (19F) MR Methods: Basic Concepts." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 279–99. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_17.

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AbstractKidney-associated pathologies would greatly benefit from noninvasive and robust methods that can objectively quantify changes in renal function. In the past years there has been a growing incentive to develop new applications for fluorine (19F) MRI in biomedical research to study functional changes during disease states. 19F MRI represents an instrumental tool for the quantification of exogenous 19F substances in vivo. One of the major benefits of 19F MRI is that fluorine in its organic form is absent in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the introduction of exogenous 19F signals in vivo will yield background-free images, thus providing highly selective detection with absolute specificity in vivo. Here we introduce the concept of 19F MRI, describe existing challenges, especially those pertaining to signal sensitivity, and give an overview of preclinical applications to illustrate the utility and applicability of this technique for measuring renal function in animal models.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Ramirez Salazar, Carlos Fernando. "Happiness at Work Through Recognition and Reward Programs." In Handbook of Research on International Business and Models for Global Purpose-Driven Companies, 310–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4909-4.ch017.

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Happiness has been explored from different perspectives—moods, attitudes, emotions, and/or feelings of wellness—and its study has been extended to work experiences. This chapter is framed within the theoretical review of happiness, and happiness at work and its management, by means of recognition and reward programs that are proposed by the theorists to increase happiness, which influence greater company productivity. This chapter shows cases of Colombian and American companies, whose recognition and rewarding practices are aligned with the researcher´s postulates. Among research findings, recognition programs in Colombian companies are more oriented towards a friendly laboral environment and time incentives; whereas American companies focus on incentives based on of money and working from home.
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"2 Public programs create private incentives and disincentives toward work." In Ethics and Social Security Reform, 217–56. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315191898-18.

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Park, Yoosun. "Resettlement." In Facilitating Injustice, 315–62. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765058.003.0009.

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While the War Relocation Authority (WRA) camp administrators had in-depth and often sympathetic knowledge of the losses suffered by the Nikkei as well as the difficulties they would encounter in resettlement, such knowledge was profoundly at odds with the organization’s primary mandate for clearing out the camps. The plight of the Nikkei was identified, therefore, not as displacement and poverty produced by forced removal and incarceration, but as a problematic rise in dependency and the erosion of self-sufficiency. To combat this culture of dependency, the WRA created the Family Counseling Program, a “massive persuasion program” in which social work departments at each camp were tasked to interview and counsel the reluctant. Various financial aid programs were created to incentivize resettlement, but they were as problematic and inadequate as all other social work program the WRA had devised and run in the camps.
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Sorrentino, Maddalena, Alessandro Spano, and Benedetta Bellò. "Evaluating Local Partnership Incentive Policies." In E-Government Services Design, Adoption, and Evaluation, 313–28. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2458-0.ch018.

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Current research tells little about how to assess the public incentive policies designed to persuade local governments to set up partnerships. This first paper of ongoing research illustrates an evaluation method based on the ‘realist approach’, the tenets of which assign a key role to the context in which the mechanisms of a public programme work (or not). The evaluation framework is intended to be a tool to assist and inform future policymaking and practice. The paper provides a picture of the current scientific debate by exploring the relevant literature; outlines a research path aimed at building an empirically-based model for assessing public policies to promote and support local partnerships in the Italian Region of Sardinia; and indicates a possible context of use for the theory through an illustrative example.
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Hairston, Kimetta R., Yvonne M. Crawford, and Jennifer M. Johnson. "A Historically Black College's Approach to Integrating Culturally Diverse Teaching and Learning Strategies in an Online Classroom Platform." In Cultivating Diverse Online Classrooms Through Effective Instructional Design, 163–76. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3120-3.ch008.

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Research on the state of online courses and degree programs have been described as ways for students to have more flexibility in meeting their educational goals while maintaining their other life responsibilities. In recent years, administrators at HBCUs have increased their investment in technological tools and learning management systems to make online teaching and learning a reality, while offering incentives and rewards to encourage faculty to move toward redesigning courses to an online platform and bolstering the campus' online presence. Yet at the same time, some faculty worry that online educational programs are the antithesis to the traditional models of teaching and learning heralded by HBCUs with an emphasis on student-faculty interactions and close-knit academic environments for students. Moreover, advocates of traditional instructional models warn that students less prepared for college-level work may require significant academic support to successfully navigate an online program of study.
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Hairston, Kimetta R., Yvonne M. Crawford, and Jennifer M. Johnson. "A Historically Black College's Approach to Integrating Culturally Diverse Teaching and Learning Strategies in an Online Classroom Platform." In Research Anthology on Culturally Responsive Teaching and Learning, 390–400. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9026-3.ch022.

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Research on the state of online courses and degree programs have been described as ways for students to have more flexibility in meeting their educational goals while maintaining their other life responsibilities. In recent years, administrators at HBCUs have increased their investment in technological tools and learning management systems to make online teaching and learning a reality, while offering incentives and rewards to encourage faculty to move toward redesigning courses to an online platform and bolstering the campus' online presence. Yet at the same time, some faculty worry that online educational programs are the antithesis to the traditional models of teaching and learning heralded by HBCUs with an emphasis on student-faculty interactions and close-knit academic environments for students. Moreover, advocates of traditional instructional models warn that students less prepared for college-level work may require significant academic support to successfully navigate an online program of study.
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Nielsen, Mathias H., Sophie Danneris, and Niklas A. Andersen. "The silent expansion of welfare to work policies: how policies are enhanced through the use of categorizations, evidence-based knowledge and self-governance." In Welfare to Work in Contemporary European Welfare States, 163–88. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340010.003.0008.

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The chapter explores how Danish WTW policies have recently been implemented and extended while to a large degree avoiding the hazards of public justification. The chapter investigates three cases, which exemplify three different ways to expand the scope of WTW polices, without them having to be publicly justified. The first case digs into classification processes where the work capability of Danish social assistance claimants is assessed. It shows how incremental changes of such processes have formed a system where more and more claimants are deemed capable of working – and therefore legitimate targets of harsher demands and sanctions. The second case explores how the political quest for evidence-based employment policies comes with an inherent bias: ‘Evidence’ is constructed in ways that clearly favour work first policies. The third case investigates how the municipal welfare offices’ autonomy to try out new and innovative activation programs, is currently being restructured by subtle changes that increase the incentives to take up activations programs that support WTW strategies.
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Williamson Hoynes, Hillary, and Robert Moffitt. "The Effectiveness of Financial Work Incentives in Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income: Lessons from Other Transfer Programs." In Disability, Work, and Cash Benefits, 189–222. W.E. Upjohn Institute, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/9780585301563.ch7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Work incentive programs"

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Platner, J. "244. Positive Incentives for Implementation of Work-Site Programs." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764912.

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Yin, Steven, Shatian Wang, Lingyi Zhang, and Christian Kroer. "Dominant Resource Fairness with Meta-Types." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/68.

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Inspired by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, we study a generalization of the multi-resource allocation problem with heterogeneous demands and Leontief utilities. Unlike existing settings, we allow each agent to specify requirements to only accept allocations from a subset of the total supply for each resource. These requirements can take form in location constraints (e.g. A hospital can only accept volunteers who live nearby due to commute limitations). This can also model a type of substitution effect where some agents need 1 unit of resource A \emph{or} B, both belonging to the same meta-type. But some agents specifically want A, and others specifically want B. We propose a new mechanism called Dominant Resource Fairness with Meta Types which determines the allocations by solving a small number of linear programs. The proposed method satisfies Pareto optimality, envy-freeness, strategy-proofness, and a notion of sharing incentive for our setting. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study this problem formulation, which improved upon existing work by capturing more constraints that often arise in real life situations. Finally, we show numerically that our method scales better to large problems than alternative approaches.
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Afman, Juan-Pablo, J. V. R. Prasad, and Stephen Antolovich. "Real-Time Virtual Sensing of Component Damage Variables in a Gas Turbine Engine." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4706.

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Accurate life prediction and monitoring for gas turbine engines has become increasingly important in recent years as commercial aircraft fleets are being offered through guaranteed engine maintenance programs, where plan rates are based on mission profiles, operating environment, operational hours and cycles accumulated. Hence, accurate monitoring and life predictions of critical engine components is associated with a tremendous financial incentive. A state of the art gas turbine engine carries up to 5000 sensors, which can be used to evaluate the performance of the engine. This data can be used to monitor engines in real-time, as well as collecting and analyzing that data after being streamed via satellite during flight, where algorithms can evaluate and prevent technical issues before they occur. The data collected provides engine manufacturers with early warnings related to failure diagnosis, and it enables airlines to schedule engine maintenance efficiently and in a cost effective manner. Due to the nature of the engine’s operational environment, sensors cannot be placed in certain areas of interest inside a gas turbine engine. Furthermore, thermo-mechanical models are often complex and computationally expensive to run in real time. Hence, in this work we describe the development of thermo-mechanical reduced models that can act as virtual sensors, in locations where real sensors cannot survive, and hence approximate damage variables at critical locations on a component of interest, which can be used for real-time diagnostics.
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McElligott, John A., Joe Delanty, and Burke Delanty. "Full Flow High Pressure Hot Taps: The New Technology and Why It’s Indispensable to Industry." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2095.

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The connection of a new pipeline lateral or loop to an existing high pressure pipeline system has always been fraught with high costs and the potential for major system impacts. Pipeline owners and operators have historically had to choose between a traditional cold connection with its high associated costs and a less expensive but more mysterious hot tap. Although the cost savings of a hot tap have always been considerable, they were not always sufficient to justify the risk of complications during the branch weld or hot tap or during the subsequent operation of the system. Despite their extraordinary costs and throughput impacts, the perceived certainties of cold connections were often sufficient to justify their regular use. The recent Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change has resulted in new commitments by the world’s governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For the North American gas industry, these initiatives could result in voluntary compliance objectives, incentive based programs or legislated reforms — any of which will have significant impacts on current practices. TransCanada PipeLines Limited (TransCanada) has successfully managed the risk/reward conundrum and completed more than 700 large diameter (NPS 12 to NPS 30) horizontal high pressure hot taps without incident since 1960. TCPL’s research and development work has enabled it to refine its procedures to the point where it can now complete branch welding and hot tapping work with minimal effects on throughput, negligible emissions and no system integrity impacts. For TransCanada, the direct advantages of a hot tap over a cold connection have resulted in the avoidance of gross revenue losses of $1 million or more per hot tap, no environmental emissions, seamless service and no impacts whatsoever to shippers. TransCanada PipeLines Services Ltd. (TPSL) has further streamlined the supporting field procedures and now provides a complete turn key service to industry.
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Keane, R., H. Fireman, J. Hough, D. Helgerson, and C. Whitcomb. "Ready to Design a Naval Ship? – Prove It!" In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2008-p19.

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Last year, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) sponsored the Navy’s Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) to establish a framework for developing ship design capability readiness levels as part of a business case to provide incentives for the naval ship enterprise to invest in developing, sustaining and improving mature naval ship design capabilities. The authors describe the accomplishments thus far and note that there is now enough documentation that new ship acquisition programs can specify design readiness requirements and have valid criteria for evaluating the design capabilities of contractors proposing to perform early stage naval ship design. They actually apply the framework to NAVSEA and assess NAVSEA’s readiness to design a naval ship. Although significant progress is being made on developing Ship Design Capability Readiness Models (SDCRM), much work remains to be done!
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Wijaya, Mahendra, and Bhisma Murti. "Application of Social Cognitive: Determinants of Job Performance in Medical Rehabilitation Health Workers at Dr. Moewardi Hospital." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.47.

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ABSTRACT Background: The management of job-related stress among health-care workers is critical for the improvement of healthcare services. This study was aimed to investigate determinants of job performance in medical rehabilitation health workers at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Central Java, using social cognitive theory. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional was carried out at Dr. Moewardi hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, May to June 2020. A sample of 200 medical rehabilitation health workers was selected by exhaustive sampling. The dependent variable was job performance. The independent variables were motivation, training, leadership style, incentive, and reinforcement. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Good job performance in medical rehabilitation health workers increased with high work motivation (b= 3.38; 95% CI= 1.67 to 6.91; p<0.001), had training (b= 1.86; 95% CI= 0.96 to 3.59; p=0.064), participative leadership (b= 2.24; 95% CI= 1.09 to 4.22; p= 0.025), high incentive (b= 3.19; 95% CI= 1.52 to 5.86; p<0.001), and strong reinforcement (b= 1.72; 95% CI= 0.91 to 4.16; p=0.086). Conclusion: Good job performance in medical rehabilitation health workers increases with high work motivation, had training, participative leadership, high incentive, and strong reinforcement. Keywords: social cognitive, job performance Correspondence: Sisybania. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: sisybania@gmail.com. Mobile: +628976804589 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.47
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DaneshFar, J., D. Nnamdi, R. G. Moghanloo, and K. Ochie. "Economic Evaluation of CO2 Capture, Transportation, and Storage Potentials in Oklahoma." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206106-ms.

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Abstract Oklahoma is known for having ample sources of CO2, pipelines and sinks where for many decades, oil and gas operators were injecting CO2 into geological formations for EOR purposes. We utilized SimCCS, an economic-engineering software tool (DOE-NETL), to integrate infrastructure related to CO2 sources, pipeline, and geological formations. The approved tax incentive program by IRS (45Q) has motivated many oil and gas operators to participate in reducing CO2 concentration and minimizing global warming effect by collecting CO2 from various sources, select the best pipeline route and the safest location to inject into geological formation for EOR purpose or deep saline aquifer for sequestration. This paper presents an economic evaluation of CO2 capture, utilization, storage (CCUS) into geological formation in the state of Oklahoma. Under this comprehensive approach, the process of capturing, transporting, and storing CO2 into geological or saline formations has been economically evaluated for different sites and routes utilizing an ad hoc simulation software (SimCCS) for integrated modeling of CCUS. The outcome of this paper determines the most optimal scenario using optimization algorithms embedded in SimCCS. This case study will mitigate the CO2 sequestration approval process when operator apply for tax credit under 45Q program. Our work will assist oil and gas operators by comparing different scenarios based on utilizing existing infrastructure, making decision in building new transportation system or new injection well to benefit the approved tax incentive program at its maximum capacity. Moreover, the outcome of this work will shed lights into future legislation demands (locally and nation-wide) to maintain CCUS momentum after its initial implementation phase is concluded.
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Serebryanaya, D. S. "ANALYSIS OF THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.111-113.

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Scientific and technological progress in general and its manifestation: digitalization, automation and robotization can completely destroy labor as a factor of production in the very near future. This threatens the process of social reproduction with colossal deformations, which, in turn, are capable of pushing the global economy into an endless depression. Overcoming these threats creates new incentives for the development of the mechanisms of the "knowledge economy" and, in particular, for the formation, within the framework of the latter, of an effective functional alternative to work in the traditional sense.
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Gardner, Bruce E., and John M. Bartlett. "Automated Laser Welding of Turbine Airfoil Details." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-327.

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This presentation reviews the technical aspects of the Air Force-funded Turbine Airfoil Laser Welding Work Center at the Pratt & Whitney division of United Technologies Corporation. The center features automated tacking, welding, and visual inspection of covers, seals, and metering plates on turbine blades and vanes. In this integrated work center, productivity has increased by approximately 45 percent at a reduced cost compared to conventional methods. The types of automation/integration are described and the benefits are highlighted. The center was developed with U.S. Air Force funding under the Industrial Modernization Incentives Program (IMIP).
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Ramboarisata, Lovasoa, and Linda Ben Fekih Aissi. "Perceptions of organizational injustice in French business schools." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11277.

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Whereas the institutional drivers of the accountability discourse and the apparatus of performance evaluation accompanying such a discourse in the neoliberal university are well documented, their implications at the individual level have received lesser interest. Our paper suggests that more attention be paid to the voices and the experiences of the “governed”. It accounts of the unfairness of the accountability regime in higher education, and more specifically in business schools, as it is perceived by scholars in France. Using insights from the institutional complexity (IC) and organizational justice (OJ) literatures, as well as an empirical analysis of the French business scholars’take on their changing work context and the metrics against which their performance is assessed, our study extends the understanding of the implications of organizations’ rewards, incentives, performance control and evaluation practices for OJ. Moreover, it deconstructs the narrative of the accountability regime by reminding that institutional complexity leaves very little room for many scholars to be star researchers, excellent program managers, innovative and inclusive pedagogues as well as impactful public servants at the same time without hindering other academic missions they value (disinterested collegiality, care, social inclusion), their quality of life, family, and or health.
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Reports on the topic "Work incentive programs"

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Hoynes, Hilary Williamson, and Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach. Work Incentives and the Food Stamp Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16198.

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Hoynes, Hilary Williamson, and Robert Moffitt. Tax Rates and Work Incentives in the Social Security Disability Insurance Program: Current Law and Alternative Reforms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6058.

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Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.

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Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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