Academic literature on the topic 'Work injury causing death'
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Journal articles on the topic "Work injury causing death"
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Li, Leilei, Deyong Guo, Yi Wang, Ke Wang, and Runan Lian. "Anatomy of Mine Rescue Teams’ Casualty Incidents: A Basis for Medical Emergency Preparedness and Injury Prevention." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 4 (March 5, 2019): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.140.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveMine rescue teams bear a high risk of injury. To improve medical emergency preparedness and injury prevention, this work analyzed the causes and severity of mine rescue teams’ casualty incidents, the primary injuries, and the link between the causes and the occurrences of the casualty incidents.MethodsA total of 81 cases from 1953 to 2013 were used to analyze the casualty incidents of mine rescue teams based on the frequency of accidents. A panel with 4 rescue experts was set up to ensure the accuracy of the analysis.ResultsThe 81 casualty incidents occurred in 7 types of rescue work and were due to 6 causes. Organizational and personal factors were the leading cause, followed by rescue skill and equipment factors. Problems with decision-making and command have gradually become the primary inducement of casualty incidents in recent years, with an average death toll reaching up to 6 to 7 people. The main injuries causing death to team members were blast injury, burns, poisoning, suffocation, blunt trauma, and overwork injury. Some of the injured died because of medical emergency response failure.ConclusionThe construction of emergency medical teams and the preparedness of disaster medicine need to be improved to reduce the mortality of the injured team members. Actions according to the causes of casualty incidents should be adopted for injury prevention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:695–699)
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Bittle, Steven, and Laureen Snider. "Law, Regulation, and Safety Crime: Exploring the Boundaries of Criminalizing Powerful Corporate Actors." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 30, no. 03 (June 11, 2015): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2015.16.
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AbstractThis article interrogates the laws that govern safety crimes, harmful but typically unintentional acts of negligence that occur in the production of goods and services. Acts that injure employees at work are commonly depicted in legal discourses as accidents and penalized through administrative laws, although other negligent acts such as driving offences causing injury or death are treated as potentially criminal events. Through a discourse analysis of legal and regulatory texts and documents, the authors argue that the constitution of workplace safety crime is rooted in complex historical factors that shape state responses to corporate wrongdoing. This article documents the roots of this “common sense” view of workplace crime, empirically focusing on Canadian corporate negligence law, and concludes with tentative strategies of resistance and change.
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Henshall, David C., and Roger P. Simon. "Epilepsy and Apoptosis Pathways." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25, no. 12 (May 11, 2005): 1557–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600149.
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Epilepsy is a common, chronic neurologic disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Experimental modeling and clinical neuroimaging of patients has shown that certain seizures are capable of causing neuronal death. Such brain injury may contribute to epileptogenesis, impairments in cognitive function or the epilepsy phenotype. Research into cell death after seizures has identified the induction of the molecular machinery of apoptosis. Here, the authors review the clinical and experimental evidence for apoptotic cell death pathway function in the wake of seizure activity. We summarize work showing intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) apoptotic pathway function after seizures, activation of the caspase and Bcl-2 families of cell death modulators and the acute and chronic neuropathologic impact of intervening in these molecular cascades. Finally, we describe evolving data on nonlethal roles for these proteins in neuronal restructuring and cell excitability that have implications for shaping the epilepsy phenotype. This review highlights the work to date on apoptosis pathway signaling during seizure-induced neuronal death and epileptogenesis, and speculates on how emerging roles in brain remodeling and excitability have enriched the number of therapeutic strategies for protection against seizure-damage and epileptogenesis.
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Bezborodov, D. A., and R. M. Kravchenko. "Criminal Liability of Athletes for Damage Caused as a Result of Violation of the Rules of Sports Events." Rossijskoe pravosudie 12 (November 13, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2020.12.100-105.
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The article deals with issues related to the characteristics of the qualification of causing injury or death to an athlete during sports events. The article analyzes the possibility of applying the provisions of certain circumstances that exclude the criminality of the act. Take into account that the relationship between the participants of sports competitions and sports training, while relationships at the same time are not regulated by the law and sports regulations sports, and the internal rules of sports organizations, defining the organization of the training process. Therefore, the issues related to the influence of special rules regulating the procedure for conducting sports competitions and other sporting events on the features of criminal liability (in particular, guilt), both athletes and other persons who ensure the conduct of sports events, are studied specifically. It is taken into account that modern legislation and law enforcement often ignores this requirement, which, in particular, is expressed in the failure to include the facts of sports injuries in the list of crimes in the field of sports. First of all, the article analyzes the issues of criminal-legal assessment of an athlete's act in the event of injury to health or death to another athlete, given that in sports, harm is usually caused unintentionally, by negligence. Therefore, the work analyzes the risks, harm to health, as well as measures that should have been taken by the organizers of the competition to avoid causing harm, taking into account that all these issues are evaluative. The characteristic of harming an athlete while observing the rules of events by his opponent is given. The question of how the rules relating to a particular sport can exempt a person from liability for causing harm is being investigated.
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Shrot, Shai, Andrea Poretti, Elizabeth W. Tucker, Bruno P. Soares, and Thierry AGM Huisman. "Acute brain injury following illicit drug abuse in adolescent and young adult patients: spectrum of neuroimaging findings." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917691994.
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The use of illicit drugs is currently a major medical problem among adolescents. Several illicit drugs have a high abuse potential and can be neurotoxic causing high morbidity and mortality. The clinical manifestation of adolescents with acute drug-induced neurotoxicity is often characterized by non-specific symptoms and findings. Early diagnosis is important to prevent death and permanent long-term neurological impairments. We report on clinical and neuroimaging findings in five adolescents with acute brain imaging following illicit drug intoxication to highlight the role of neuroimaging findings in the diagnostic work-up of pediatric acute drug-induced neurotoxicity. Our patients reveal two main neuroimaging patterns of brain injury: diffuse symmetric subcortical white matter injury with preferential cerebellar involvement (leukoencephalopathy pattern) or multiple foci of ischemic infarctions in a non-arterial territory distribution (ischemic pattern). Familiarity with these two neuroimaging patterns of findings in the evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging studies in adolescents with acutely altered mental status may suggest the correct diagnosis, narrow the differential diagnosis, and consequently allow early initiation of targeted laboratory investigations and treatment, potentially improving outcome.
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Jaswal, Priya, Priyanka ., and Jhilli Basu. "Climatological Nephropathy: An Overview." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210913.
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Globally hike in temperature provokes the heat waves, results in heat stress and becomes a silent health peril to the existing population. Today, heat stress or climatological stress is one of the dominant pathological conditions which comes in focus when the body means of handling its thermoregulatory function starts to fail, show its associated symptoms followed by eventual loss of consciousness and finally death. The condition of heat stress along with intermittent dehydration worsens the renal damage and enhances the risk of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), results in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, CKD comes up as a leading cause of death, specifically in those patients having long-lasting medical conditions like heart problem, hypertension, diabetes and obesity etc. High temperature, work rate, humidity and working time wearing accessories, all become mitigating factors for causing heat stress. Distinguish molecular ups and downs specifically decrease production of uric acid (polyol-fructokinase pathway), increase ROS (oxidative stress), intracellular Ca2+ overload (mitochondrial dysfunctioning) and decrease NO (vascular endothelial dysfunctioning) has been responsible for the severe outcomes of Climatological Nephropathy (CN) or Heat Stress Nephropathy (HSN). However, prevention is the best approach to dealing with heat-related illness, therefore, the Government established some valuable policies as a preventive measures. This review epitomizes the alarming outcomes of the heat stress followed by recurrent dehydration and also enlightened the global talk of HSN, pathogenicity, molecular level peculiarities and recommended measures for HSN. Key words: Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease, Nephropathy, Mitochondrial Dysfunctioning.
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Rasineni, Karuna, Serene M. L. Lee, Benita L. McVicker, Natalia A. Osna, Carol A. Casey, and Kusum K. Kharbanda. "Susceptibility of Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice to Lps/Galactosamine Liver Injury and Protection by Betaine Administration." Biology 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010019.
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Background: Work from our laboratory has shown that the ethanol-induced increase in apoptotic hepatocellular death is closely related to the impairment in the ability of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) to remove neighboring apoptotic cells. In this study, we assessed the role of ASGP-R in fulminant liver failure and investigated whether prior treatment with betaine (a naturally occurring tertiary amine) is protective. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg BW) and galactosamine (GalN; 350 mg/kg BW) were injected together to wild-type and ASGP-R-deficient mice that were treated for two weeks prior with or without 2% betaine in drinking water. The mice were sacrificed 1.5, 3, or 4.5 h post-injection, and tissue samples were collected. Results: LPS/GalN injection generate distinct molecular processes, which includes increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus causing apoptosis as evident by increased caspase-3 activity. ASGP-R deficient animals showed increased liver caspase activities, serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, as well as more pronounced liver damage compared with the wild-type control animals after intraperitoneal injection of LPS/GalN. In addition, prior administration of betaine was found to significantly attenuate the LPS/GalN-induced increases in liver injury parameters. Conclusion: Our work underscores the importance of normal functioning of ASGP-R in preventing severe liver damage and signifies a therapeutic role of betaine in prevention of liver injuries from toxin-induced fulminant liver failure.
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Ribeiro, Juliana O., Marília G. P. A. Ferreira, Isabela C. S. Marques, Carolina Alvarenga, Andrigo B. Nardi, Sérgio B. Garcia, Gabriel Luiz Montanhim, and Paola C. Moraes. "A new experimental model of intrinsic denervation in ileum from wistar rats through intramural microinjections of benzalkonium chloride." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 4 (April 2019): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5861.
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ABSTRACT: Extensive literature is available about the intrinsic denervation of segments of the digestive tube through the application of CB in the serosa of the viscera. However, this technique has some disadvantages like causing peritonitis, flanges and high mortality, limiting its use in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of benzalkonium chloride (CB) to induce intrinsic chemical denervation, through applications of CB in the intramural ileum of wistar rats, as well as deepen the knowledge about the evolution of neuronal injury caused in the process. We used 40 rats, divided into two groups (control-GC and benzalkonium-GB) of 20 animals each, divided into four sub-groups according to the time of postoperative assessment of 24, 48 hours, 30 and 90 days. The animals were submitted to intramural microinjections of sterile saline solution 0.9% (GC) or benzalkonium chloride (GB) in ileal portion, and subsequent histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for evaluation of neuronal injury. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was found of the neuronal myenteric count over time in groups, GB3, GB4 and GB2. The specific positive immunolabeling for H2AX and Caspase-3 confirmed the results obtained in the histopathological evaluation, denoting the ignition of irreversible cell injury in 24 hours, evolving into neuronal apoptosis in 48 hours after application of the CB 0.3%. Under the conditions in which this work was conducted, it can be concluded that the application of CB 0.3% by means of microinjections intramural in the ileal wall is able to induce intrinsic chemical denervation of the diverticulum of wistar rats and that the main mechanism of neuronal death is induction of apoptosis.
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Chattha, Hassan S., Kenneth W. Corscadden, and Qamar U. Zaman. "Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Improving Farm Safety on Canadian Farms." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 23, no. 3 (2017): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.11959.
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Abstract. Agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries worldwide. The number of serious accidents on farms, despite sophisticated technology, development of effective prevention methods, and high-quality training and improved skill levels of farmers, is still very high. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a generic farm safety protocol to hazards that have been identified in previously published literature and demonstrate the potential benefits of such a protocol with a view to raising awareness of farm safety. Hazards in agriculture were categorized, and literature highlighting the risks associated with hazards was collated. A protocol was developed and applied to establish the likelihood of a hazard causing injury and the consequence of that injury should adverse effects of hazards be realized. The results indicated farm ownership, farm being used as a primary residence, and missing rollover protective structures as the greatest farm risks with expected likelihood and extreme consequence such as death or permanent disablement. Other hazards that require immediate attention while developing mitigation strategies include accident history and existing medical conditions of the farmer, working environment (i.e., alone and isolated), water bodies in the proximity of the farm, lack of periodic machine maintenance, uncovered power take-off and other rotating parts of the tractor, missing safety decals, auger entanglements, and unprotected use of pesticides. Intervention strategies may be guided by considering the results presented in this study. Moreover, farm safety specialists should increase their efforts to promote effective injury prevention methods and enforce safe work environments. The developed protocol addresses almost all common aspects of farming hazards and can be used to mitigate risks associated with hazards in any farm setting. Keywords: Agriculture, Farm safety, Generic protocol, Hazards, Likelihood.
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Tarlinskaja, Marina. "Rhythm and meaning: "Rhythmical deviations" as italics." Sign Systems Studies 40, no. 1/2 (September 1, 2012): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2012.1-2.04.
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English iambic pentameter allows rhythmical deviations that occupy three (seldom four, more often two) adjacent metrical positions. These deviations, though metrical, are noticed by the listener or reader. Starting from the first quarter of the 16th century, poets (Surrey) have used rhythmical deviations to emphasize ("italicize") semantically important segments in the line. Such rhythmical deviations have become part of the English poetic traditions. It has turned out that rhythmical deviations used to italicize meaning are filled with recurring rhythmical and grammatical structures and repeated lexicon. M. L. Gasparov used a special term to denote the recurring rhythmicalgrammatical structures: "clichés"; while calling clichés incorporating recurrent lexicon "formulas". I have discovered that formulas are part of the English poetic tradition: the same formulas recur in poetic texts of the 16th–20th cc. They are not plagiarisms, allusions or reminiscences; they are a common basket of goods that belong to all English poets, used by all and owned by none. The recurrent deviations usually occur on metrical positions "weak-strong-weak-strong" and as a rule contain a monosyllabic (rarely – disyllabic) verbpredicate followed by a monosyllabic grammatical word (e.g. an article), an adjectiveattribute and a noun – a direct object to the verb. The recurring lexicon includes verbs of motion, particularly verbs of fast, aggressive motion, an action directed downwards or causing an injury or death, and recurring nouns referring to moving objects or agents (hands, arms, wings; spear, sword). I term such recurring formulas "rhythmical italics".
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Work injury causing death"
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Kratina, Zdeněk. "Zhodnocení účinnosti managementu BOZP ve stavebnictví v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233192.
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Thesis deals with the development of risk management in the construction industry in Czech republic in time of the economic crisis since 2007. There is in detail described the present and paste state of the construction industry in this thesis, thanks to construction output index, the volume of construction output, etc. There is overview of accidents and deaths in costuction industry, history of risk management in the construction industry and the main reasones of injuries and deaths in the construction industry described in this thesis. The aim of this thesis is to inform about development and efectiveness of risk management and evaluate work injuries in construction industry with the assumption further development.
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Monteiro, Althea M. "Role collapse : the struggle to live dutifully in karmic death (the experiences of six south Asian men coping with a work-related injury) /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR39040.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-190). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR39040
Books on the topic "Work injury causing death"
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Wolswijk, H. D., and A. A. van Dijk. Criminal liability for serious traffic offences: Essays on causing death, injury and danger in traffic. The Hague, The Netherlands: Eleven International Publishing, 2015.
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Office, General Accounting. Child labor: Work permit and death and injury reporting systems in selected states : fact sheet for congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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Posner, Jerome B., Clifford B. Saper, Nicholas D. Schiff, and Jan Claassen. Plum and Posner's Diagnosis and Treatment of Stupor and Coma. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190208875.001.0001.
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This text is an update of a classic work on diagnosing the cause of coma, with the addition of new sections on the treatment of comatose patients. The first chapter provides an up-to-date review on the brain mechanisms that maintain a conscious state in humans and how lesions that damage these mechanisms cause loss of consciousness or coma. The second chapter reviews the neurological examination of the comatose patient, which provides the basis for determining whether the patient is suffering from a structural brain injury causing the coma or from a metabolic disorder of consciousness. The third and fourth chapters review the pathophysiology of structural lesions causing coma and the specific disease states that result in coma. Chapter 5 is a comprehensive treatment of the many causes of metabolic coma. Chapter 6 review psychiatric causes of unresponsiveness and how to identify and treat them. Chapters 7 and 8 review the overall emergency treatment of comatose patients, followed by the treatment of specific causes of coma. Chapter 9 examines the long-term outcomes of coma, including the minimally conscious state and the persistent vegetative state, how they can be distinguished, and their implications for eventual useful recovery. Chapter 10 reviews the topic of brain death, the standards for examination of a patient that are required to make the determination of brain death, and the ethics of diagnosis and treatment of patients who, by definition, have no way to approve of or communicate about their wishes.
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Karmel, Jonathan D. Dying to Work: Death and Injury in the American Workplace. Cornell University Press, 2017.
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Karmel, Jonathan D. Dying to Work: Death and Injury in the American Workplace. Cornell University Press, 2019.
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Dying to Work: Death and Injury in the American Workplace. Cornell University Press, 2017.
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(Firm), Frederick Place Chambers, ed. Death and injury at work: The statutory framework : Frederick Place Chambers' guide to leading cases on the statutes dealing with death, disease and injury at work. Birmingham: CLT Professional Publishing, 1995.
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Wald, Ron, and Ziv Harel. The Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0015.
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Recent research has provided important insights on the long-term outcomes of patients who develop acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of critical illness. Large epidemiologic studies have demonstrated compelling associations between episodes of AKI and progressive kidney disease and death, respectively, although such studies do not establish causality due to the potential for confounding. Whether AKI is intrinsically toxic or a mere by-product of serious comorbidities (e.g. prior chronic kidney disease, heart failure, diabetes), there is no doubt that AKI survivors are a high-risk group who would likely benefit from close post-discharge follow-up. Recent studies have shown that a minority of patients with AKI receive specialized nephrology follow-up after discharge, suggesting an opportunity for quality improvement. Emerging research is evaluating factors that predict chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and death among AKI survivors. This work will, it is hoped, suggest new targets for prevention and treatment, with the goal of enhancing the likelihood of recovery following AKI.
Book chapters on the topic "Work injury causing death"
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Nichols, Theo. "Death and Injury at Work: A Sociological Approach." In Health and Work, 86–106. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27625-7_6.
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Russell-Buckland, Joshua, P. Kaynezhad, S. Mitra, G. Bale, C. Bauer, I. Lingam, C. Meehan, et al. "Systems Biology Model of Cerebral Oxygen Delivery and Metabolism During Therapeutic Hypothermia: Application to the Piglet Model." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 31–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_5.
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AbstractHypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of death and disability. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only available standard of treatment, but 45–55% of cases still result in death or neurodevelopmental disability following TH. This work has focussed on developing a new brain tissue physiology and biochemistry systems biology model that includes temperature effects, as well as a Bayesian framework for analysis of model parameter estimation. Through this, we can simulate the effects of temperature on brain tissue oxygen delivery and metabolism, as well as analyse clinical and experimental data to identify mechanisms to explain differing behaviour and outcome. Presented here is an application of the model to data from two piglets treated with TH following hypoxic-ischaemic injury showing different responses and outcome following treatment. We identify the main mechanism for this difference as the Q10 temperature coefficient for metabolic reactions, with the severely injured piglet having a median posterior value of 0.133 as opposed to the mild injury value of 5.48. This work demonstrates the use of systems biology models to investigate underlying mechanisms behind the varying response to hypothermic treatment.
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Karmel, Jonathan D. "Stories." In Dying to Work. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709982.003.0006.
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Chapter Five is comprised of fifteen stories of real life workers who died or were seriously injured at work. The injured workers or their surviving family members tell intimate stories about their lives, aspirations, hopes and dreams that were unalterably changed due to a preventable workplace injury or death. To give context to their injury or death, each story is preceded by a brief overview of their particular industry and its workplace death and injury rates.
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Skoog, Gary R., and James E. Ciecka. "Markov work life table research in the United States." In Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Damages Calculations: Transatlantic Dialogue, 135–58. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1569-3759(2009)0000091009.
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Karmel, Jonathan D. "Introduction." In Dying to Work. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709982.003.0001.
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The Introduction presents an overview of the main themes of the book. All workers at all workplaces are at risk for injury and death. Statistics alone prevent the nearness and proximity to understanding the risk of injury and death. Through the workers' stories, the reader is provided intimate access to their risk. In turn, awareness is raised and meaningful change is possible that makes workers safer and employers more accountable.
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Butt, Zoltan, Steven Haberman, Richard Verrall, and Victoria Wass. "Estimating and using work life expectancy in the United Kingdom." In Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Damages Calculations: Transatlantic Dialogue, 103–34. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1569-3759(2009)0000091008.
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Karmel, Jonathan D. "Just the Facts." In Dying to Work. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709982.003.0005.
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Chapter Four presents up-to-date workplace injury and death statistics from the Bureau of Labor Standards and discusses the inability of OSHA to meaningfully investigate American worksites and enforce the OSHAct due to the deliberate under resourcing of the agency orchestrated by the Chamber and its allies in Congress.
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Shalgunova, Svetlana, and Alexandra Skok. "ANALYSIS OF COURT PRACTICE OF DELIMITATION OF CAUSING SERIOUS INJURY WHICH HAS CAUSED DEATH AND PREMEDITATED MURDER." In Theoretical and practical aspects of the development of the European Research Area. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-53-2-41.
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Mong, Sherry N. "The Work Caregivers Do." In Taking Care of Our Own, 19–37. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751448.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the type of work caregivers do. Among the medical procedures that caregivers do that are mentioned in the chapter are: intravenous therapies (IVs), total parenteral nutrition (TPN), gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) and nasogastric tubes (NG-tubes), urinary catheters, external catheters, intermittent catheters, wound care, ostomy, bowel management programs, respiratory procedures, tracheostomy, and positive-pressure ventilators. The chapter discusses caregiver insights and the dilemmas they face in having to provide skilled care. In general, many of the medical procedures are not only difficult to master but also cause trepidation because of the possible complications that can result if the caregiver makes a mistake. Several caregivers who gave IVs said they worried about contaminating the IV site or shooting air in the line. In hospitals, problems with medication administration are a leading cause of death, and so are infections that occur when a wound is not correctly dressed or an IV carefully accessed. Yet family caregivers are asked to do these activities on a routine basis — over a period of months or even years. The worry about complications is well founded, as they can have deleterious consequences. Coupled with issues of anxiety and fear of causing harm to the care recipient are issues of manual dexterity and “getting the feel” of the procedures. Not only do caregivers have to overcome fear, get the feel of procedures, and make sure they are done correctly, but they also have to get past the personal discomfort they may have regarding the intimate nature of the work they are asked to do.
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DeTora, Lisa. "Death and Pickles: Thinking through Gondry’s Neighborhood." In ReFocus: The Films of Michel Gondry, 213–20. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456012.003.0014.
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In this chapter Lisa DeTora analyses the first season of Dave Holstein’s Showtime series, Kidding (2018–2020), for which Michel Gondry served as an executive producer and directed eight episodes. The series stars Jim Carrey, who had previously starred in Michel Gondry’s acclaimed film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004). In Kidding, Carrey plays Jeff Piccirillo, aka Mr. Pickles, the host of a successful children’s puppet television show, which he has developed with his father, who produces the show, and his sister, who designs the puppets. DeTora argues that the series returns Gondry to his perennial themes of the instability of identity and the difficulty of separating real life from imagination. Jeff articulates his thoughts and processes his emotions through the gleefully surreal puppet show and even imagines people in his life as puppets. His world is thrown into disarray when his father threatens to replace him because he is consistently trying to smuggle adult themes into the show, thus causing Jeff to question the relationship between his own identity and that of Mr. Pickles. The chapter analyzes the first season of the show and its exploration of identity crisis, acknowledging its links with Gondry’s wider body of work.
Conference papers on the topic "Work injury causing death"
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Abraham, Adam C., Megan L. Killian, Roger C. Haut, and Tammy L. Haut Donahue. "Long Term Effect of P188 on Meniscus Preservation Following Blunt Trauma." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80775.
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Acute knee joint injury has been associated with the development and progression of secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Previous work implicates that acute damage to tissue matrix and cells of the meniscus and articular cartilage may play important roles in early-stage OA [1]. Additionally, it has been shown that articular cartilage matrix repair hinges on chondrocyte preservation [2]. Therefore, inhibition of cell death may halt tissue degeneration. Recently, the FDA-approved surfactant Poloxamer 188 (P-188) has been shown to decrease acute cell death by repair of its plasma membrane, as well as mediate p38 signaling and subsequent inflammatory and apoptotic signaling leading to a reduction in degeneration of impacted cartilage [3, 4]. Therefore, it was hypothesized that matrix glycosaminoglycans of the meniscus will be preserved in the long-term following traumatic impaction and subsequent treatment with P-188.
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Mattison, Lars M., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "Physiological Assessment of Cardiac Muscle Post-Irreversible Electroporation Therapy." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3542.
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Ablations have become the gold clinical standard of drug resistant atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is projected to affect 50 million people by the year 20501. Today, two primary methods of ablation are used clinically: radio frequency and cryoablation. These ablation technologies are equally effective1 but still cause complications. A majority of these complications arise from the fact that both technologies require a thermal change in the tissue to cause cell death. Thermal change of the tissue while effective, can be subject to many different variables that may result in collateral damage. These include levels of focal blood flow, location of vessels near the ablation site, and/or adjacent tissue damage causing clinical issues such as esophageal fistulas or phrenic nerve injury. Irreversible Electroporation serves as a possible non-thermal alternative. This therapy is a train of high voltage (>500V/cm) short DC pulses that cause pores to form in the cell membrane. If a large enough electric field is applied, then the pores in the cell membrane can cause permanent damage resulting in cell death. To date, the majority of irreversible electroporation research that has been done has examined the use of this approach for treating cancerous tumors in the skin, prostate, and liver. Very little study of this potential treatment relating to the heart has been done other than synchronizing delivery of the therapy with the heartbeat to not induce ventricular fibrillation. The appeal of a potentially more predictable lesion would be highly desired in this clinical realm. Here we present initial investigations as to the functional response of cardiac tissue to electroporative energy via the NanoKnife.
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Martufi, Giampaolo, Jose F. Rodriguez, and Ender A. Finol. "Anisotropic Wall Mechanics of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192265.
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The prevalence of AAA is growing along with population age and according to different studies AAA rupture is the 13th most common cause of death in the U.S., causing an estimated 15,000 deaths per year. In biomechanical terms, AAA rupture is a phenomenon that occurs when the developing mechanical stresses within the aneurysm inner wall, as a result of the exerted intraluminal pressure, exceed the failure strength of the aortic tissue. To obtain a reliable estimation of wall stress, it is necessary to perform an accurate three-dimensional reconstruction of the AAA geometry and model an appropriate constitutive law for the aneurysmal tissue material characterization. In this regard, a recent study on the biaxial mechanical behavior of human AAA tissue specimens [1] demonstrates that aneurysmal arterial tissue behaves mechanically anisotropic. The objectives of the present work are to determine the effect of material anisotropy of the aneurysmal abdominal aorta on wall stress distribution and to establish a comparison of wall mechanics between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms.
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Mick, T., K. Means, J. Etherton, J. Powers, and E. A. McKenzie. "Design Recommendations for Controlling the Jam-Clearing Hazard on Recycling Industry Balers." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79699.
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Between 1986 and 2002, there were 43 fatalities in the United States to operators of recycling industry balers. Of these fatalities, 29 involved horizontal balers that were baling paper and cardboard (Taylor, 2002). Balers often become jammed while the baling process is occurring, and the only way to remove the jam is manually. This requires an employee to place a limb of their body into the jamming area and remove the material that is causing the jam. While lockout and tagout procedures reduce the risk of hazardous energy being released, they can still be easily bypassed, ignored, or forgotten. Recent efforts to reduce machine-related injury and death involve the development of a control system for these machines that automatically detects hazardous operating conditions and responds accordingly. The system is being developed at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). This system, JamAlert, automatically terminates the power to the machine when a jam is detected. JamAlert detects a jam by observing both the strain that is experienced by the shear bar of the baler and the hydraulic pressure at which the ram is operating. The strain that is experienced by the baler shear bar when a jam is initiated was calculated in this study through laboratory testing and finite element modeling. Design recommendations are presented on how best to tune the JamAlert’s operating program to most effectively control the jam-clearing hazard.
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Belingardi, Giovanni, Giorgio Chiandussi, and Ivan Gaviglio. "Traumatic Events in Human Head: Biomechanical Insight by Means of a Finite Element Model." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95139.
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Head injuries due to traumatic events in case of head impact are one of the main causes of death or permanent invalidity in vehicle crash. The main purpose of the present work is to evaluate pressure and stress distributions in bones and brain tissues of a human head due to an impact by means of numerical simulations. Pressures and stresses in the different zones of the head can be related to the main brain injuries as verified by head traumatology doctors. The availability of a numerical model of head allows to quantify the relationship between type and intensity of the impact and the possible head injury. This capability represents a relevant step torward an effective traumatic injury prevention. The proposed numerical model is quite complex although some simplifications have been introduced like modeling all the inner organs as a continuum without sliding interfaces or fluid elements. Geometrical characteristics for the finite element model have been extracted from CT (Computer Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) scanner images, while material mechanical characteristics have been taken from literature. The model has been validated by comparing the numerical results and the experimental results from literature. The protecting action of the ventricles and of several membranes (dura mater, tentorium and falx) has been evaluated.
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Sullivan, Daniel J., Paul A. Taylor, and Assimina A. Pelegri. "A Micromechanical Model for Shear-Induced Platelet Damage in Capillaries Within Gray Matter." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66794.
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In order to expand on potential injury mechanisms to the brain, a micromechanical structural representation of the gray matter must be developed. The gray matter contains a high volume of capillary vasculature that supplies the necessary oxygen required for maintaining healthy cell and brain function. Even short disruptions in this blood supply and the accompanying dissolved oxygen can lead to neuronal cell damage and death. It has been shown that increased shearing forces within the blood, such as those found near stents and artificial heart valves, can lead to platelet activation and aggregation, causing clots to form and potential disruptions in blood flow and oxygen distribution. Current macro-scale computational brain modeling can incorporate the larger main vasculature of the brain, but it becomes too computationally expensive to incorporate the smaller vessels. These larger scale models can be used to reveal how forces to the head are transmitted down to a scale slightly larger than the smallest capillaries within the gray matter. In order to investigate the response and potential damage to capillaries and platelets within the brain, a micromechanical computational model is developed incorporating the gray matter, capillaries, and blood, which is composed of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets. The red blood cells are a necessary component for the model for damage as it comprises almost half of the volume of blood and is the major contributor to the non-Newtonian behavior. The model combines both fluids and viscoelastic solid materials (the gray matter and the vascular wall). The deviatoric stress, strain and strain rate of the platelets in response to an externally applied load is measured and will determine the potential for platelet aggregation and clot formation. The micromechanical model is also used to provide verification and refinement for existing constitutive models for the gray matter used in meso- and macro-scale computational models.
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Voycheck, Carrie A., Patrick J. McMahon, and Richard E. Debski. "Collagen Fiber Alignment and Maximum Principle Strain in the Axillary Pouch Predict Location of Failure During Uniaxial Extension." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19044.
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The glenohumeral joint is frequently dislocated in the anterior direction causing injury to the anteroinferior (axillary pouch, anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (AB-IGHL)) capsule. [1, 2] When unloaded, the axillary pouch consists of randomly oriented collagen fibers. These fibers play a pertinent role in its function to resist loading in multiple directions during dislocation at the extreme ranges of motion. [3] Maximum principle strain directions in the anteroinferior capsule have been shown to align with the AB-IGHL during increasing external rotation, suggesting that the collagen fibers may become more aligned with loading as well. [4] In addition, at positions of increased external rotation, the peak maximum principle strains in the capsule correspond to the location of a common capsular failure known as the Bankart lesion. [4] Further, an increase in collagen fiber alignment with load in the supraspinatus tendon has been shown in the toe region of the load-elongation curve. [5] Therefore, it was hypothesized that increases in the collagen fiber alignment and maximum principle strain would correlate with the location of tissue failure. The objective of this work was to determine the collagen fiber alignment and maximum principle strain in the axillary pouch during uniaxial extension to failure and to determine if these parameters could predict the location of tissue failure.
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McDermott, Vanessa, and Jan Hayes. "‘We’re Still Hitting Things’: The Effectiveness of Third Party Processes for Pipeline Strike Prevention." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64070.
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High-pressure gas pipelines are vulnerable to damage in the course of building or maintaining other infrastructure, such as roads, water pipelines, electricity or telecommunications cabling. Unlike other countries, there has never been a death or serious injury from a high-pressure gas pipeline strike in Australia and yet external interference continues to be the most common cause of pipeline damage despite a range of technical and legislative measures in place. This research project aims to enhance the safety strategies regarding third party pipeline strikes by giving the pipeline sector a greater understanding of the motivations and priorities of those who work around pipeline assets and so how to work with them to achieve better outcomes. Using data gathered from more than 70 in-depth interviews, we explore empirically alternate understandings of risk amongst a range of stakeholders and individuals that are responsible in some way for work near or around high-pressure gas transmission pipelines in Australia. Outside the pipeline sector, much of the work around pipelines is conducted by those at the bottom of long chains of contractors and sub-contractors. We discuss perceptions of risk held by a range of third party actors whose activities have the potential to threaten gas pipeline integrity. We compare these views with gas pipeline industry perceptions of risk, couched in terms of asset management, public safety, legal and insurance obligations, and reputation management. This paper focuses on how financial risk and so also management of the potential for pipeline strikes is shifted down the third party contractor chain. Added to this, incentives for timely project completion can unintentionally lead to situations where the potential for third party contractors to strike pipelines increases. The data shows that third party contractors feel the time and cost impact of design or project changes most immediately. Consequently, strikes or near misses may result as sub-contractors seek to avoid perceived ‘unnecessary’ time delays along with the associated financial impact. We argue that efforts to reduce the potential for pipeline strike need to be targeted at structural changes, rather than simply aimed at worker risk perception and enforcement of safety compliance strategies.
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de la Torre, Roger A., and Jaya Ghosh. "Device for Safely Closing Trocar Sites in Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3399.
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Laparoscopic and robotic surgeries of the abdomen require a trocar to facilitate entry and removal of instrumentation. Some of these trocars are 5mm or less, but some trocars for these surgeries are larger, with 8mm to 15mm trocars commonly used. One of the well-known problems seen in minimally invasive surgery to the abdomen is the resulting defect left in the abdominal wall following removal of the trocars. Occasionally, especially after removal of larger trocars, a defect is left that is large enough to allow omentum or segments of small intestine to become entrapped within the resulting space in the abdominal wall. These trocar site hernias can cause pain, but they also may lead to small bowel obstruction and bowel ischemia or even infarction, perforation and death. The likelihood of a trocar site hernia is increased when the minimally invasive procedure requires removal of an organ or a mass. This often requires dilatation of the trocar site opening.1,2,3 Re-operation to reduce and repair trocar site hernias adds significant cost to the healthcare system. Two separate studies report that incidence of trocar site hernias are in the ranges of 0.65%–2.8%4 and 1.5%–1.8%5,6. Based on a 2016 report published by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS), 196,0007 bariatric procedures were performed in 2015. Assuming an average incidence rate of 1.7%, and based on the cost analysis provided by a 2008 case study8, in bariatric surgery alone, it is estimated that the treatment and hospitalization of such hernias adds an additional $86.2M to healthcare costs. Several methods and devices exist to prevent the occurrence of trocar site hernias. However, closing superficial fascia externally is difficult, especially in obese patients, and often requires extending the skin incision significantly. Most instruments to close the potential hernia site involve introducing a hollow needle with a built-in, grasping device through tissue on one side of the defect and into the abdominal cavity. This puts internal structures at risk for potential injury. One end of suture is introduced with this needle and then using a separate instrument through a different trocar this suture is held while the needle is removed. The needle device is then re-introduced through tissue on the opposite side of the defect, and the suture is handed back to the needle device and pulled out completing a U-stitch to close the potential hernia site. If a surgeon inserts a finger into the abdomen along the trocar site to guide the needle, there is the potential for injury to the surgeon’s finger. Therefore, we set about to design a device to close trocar site defects that would work efficiently, while being safe from injury to the patient or the surgeon, and preferably without the need for a separate instrument through a different trocar to assist.
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Miladinović, Zoran. "OSIGURANjE LICA OD POSLEDICA NESREĆNOG SLUČAJA (NEZGODE)." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.255m.
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Accident insurance, together with life insurance are two basic types of individual insurance traditionally covered by insurance law. In this kind of insurance, the insurer for a certain insurance premium, assumes the obligation to pay the insured sum to the insured individual or other beneficiary if, during the insurance contract, the insured person or other beneficiary sustains injury or even death as a result of the accident covered by the insurance contract, as well as to reimburse the costs of medical treatment and income loss as a result of temporary work disability, if foreseen by the contract. The basic rule in accident insurance is that, in case of the accident covered by the contract, the insured person will receive the insured sum agreed in the contract, and not the reimbursement of the incurred expenses or losses. Only in rare cases this type of insurance has the elements of property insurance – only in cases when the insured is entitled, in addition to the insured sum, to reimbursement of medical expenses and income loss. Today, the insurance of the individuals against accidents is widely used. It is a specific type of services offered by insurance companies. From the original accident insurance contracts signed on voluntary bases, we have come long way to have a large number of mandatory accident insurances, which is mostly the result of the growing number of occupations with the risk of accidents. It is obvious that beneficiaries of this type of insurance have realized that for a relatively small amount of premium, they will receive protection if they suffer from unexpected accidents that may result in physical injuries, even fatalities.