Journal articles: 'Work Simplification'

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Beemsterboer, Sjouke, Henrikke Baumann, and Holger Wallbaum. "Ways to get work done: a review and systematisation of simplification practices in the LCA literature." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 25, no. 11 (September 19, 2020): 2154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-020-01821-w.

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Abstract Purpose Within the field of life cycle assessment (LCA), simplifications are a response to the practical restrictions in the context of a study. In the 1990s, simplifications were part of a debate on streamlining within LCA. Since then, many studies have been published on simplifying LCA but with little attention to systematise the approaches available. Also, despite being pervasive during the making of LCA studies, simplifications remain often invisible in the final results. This paper therefore reviews the literature on simplification in LCA in order to systematise the approaches found today. Methods A review of the LCA simplification literature was conducted. The systematic search and selection process led to a sample of 166 publications. During the review phase, the conceptual contributions to the simplification discourse were evaluated. A dataset of 163 entries was created, listing the conceptual contributions to the simplification debate. An empirically grounded analysis led to the generative development of a systematisation of simplifications according to their underlying simplifying logic. Results and discussion Five simplifying logics were identified: exclusion, inventory data substitution, qualitative expert judgment, standardisation and automation. Together, these simplifying logics inform 13 simplification strategies. The identified logics represent approaches to handle the complexities of product systems and expectations of the users of LCA results with the resources available to the analyst. Each simplification strategy is discussed with regard to its main applications and challenges. Conclusions This paper provides a first systematisation of the different simplification logics frequently applied in LCA since the original streamlining discussion. The presented terminology can help making communication about simplification more explicit and transparent, thus important for the credibility of LCA. Despite the pervasiveness of simplification in LCA, there is a relative lack of research on simplification per se, making further research describing simplification as a practice and analysing simplifications methodologically desirable.

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Xu, Wei, Courtney Napoles, Ellie Pavlick, Quanze Chen, and Chris Callison-Burch. "Optimizing Statistical Machine Translation for Text Simplification." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 4 (December 2016): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00107.

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Most recent sentence simplification systems use basic machine translation models to learn lexical and syntactic paraphrases from a manually simplified parallel corpus. These methods are limited by the quality and quantity of manually simplified corpora, which are expensive to build. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth adaptation of statistical machine translation to perform text simplification, taking advantage of large-scale paraphrases learned from bilingual texts and a small amount of manual simplifications with multiple references. Our work is the first to design automatic metrics that are effective for tuning and evaluating simplification systems, which will facilitate iterative development for this task.

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Kaphungkui, N. K., and Keishing Somishon. "Work simplification for home through technology." i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems 11, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcs.11.1.18870.

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This work will present one of the applications of infra-red technology for home automation. The objective of this paper is to control independent home electrical appliances through Infrared (IR) based remote control system. The controlling circuit is built around NodeMCU-ESP32, a compact relay module and an IR sensor. Any four General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins are selected from the NodeMCU to control four specific applications such as room lighting, automated door locking system, running the water pump and fan. Women specially have a hectic and busy schedule for maintaining all the domestic household activities and they want almost all activities at the click of a button. If they could control those appliances with remote control button from a remote place, life would be at ease and simpler. With the above facts in mind, the present work is carried out to develop a device to simplify the operations of selected household activities to save time, energy and stress free life.

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Morton, Paul. "Tax simplification: a work in progress." Nursing and Residential Care 21, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2019.21.4.223.

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Ahmed, Sabina. "Simplification of foreign names is practical at work." Nursing Standard 20, no. 6 (October 19, 2005): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.20.6.39.s51.

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Harrison, Alan. "Investigating business processes: does process simplification always work?" Business Process Management Journal 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637159810212316.

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Patterson, Peter P. "Automation and Work-Simplification in the Urinalysis Laboratory." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 8, no. 3 (September 1988): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30677-2.

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Coufal, O. "Thermodynamic properties for Ar-Al, Ar-Cu and Ar-Fe mixtures from 0.3 kK up to 4 kK for 1 atm." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 125630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac2d7d.

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Abstract The subject of the article is the thermodynamic properties (tdp) of mixtures of Ar-Al, Ar-Cu and Ar-Fe in thermodynamic equilibrium state. In current published works the metals in the mixture are assumed to be in the gaseous state. In the present work, the metals are at a temperature of 0.3 kK crystalline substances which with increasing temperature change to liquid and gaseous substances. The proportion of metal in the mixture is in the interval from 0 to 100 mass%. The calculation results are presented in the figures and in detailed tables in the TDPtables.txt in the Supplementary material. The physical model of the calculation of tdp is a simplification of reality. The results of tdp calculation are affected not only by this simplification but also by the inaccuracy of input data. Attention is devoted to these simplifications and inaccuracies. The discontinuities of thermodynamic properties caused by phase transitions are analysed.

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Caminiti, Marco, and Eddie Reinish. "S313: Simplification of Orthognathic Surgical Work-Up and Surgery." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 67, no. 9 (September 2009): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.05.239.

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Wall, Toby D., Chris W. Clegg, Robert T. Davies, Nigel J. Kemp, and Wally S. Mueller. "Advanced manufacturing technology and work simplification: An empirical study." Journal of Organizational Behavior 8, no. 3 (July 1987): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030080305.

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Salazar, Jorge Hernán, and Valentina Zuluaga. "Optimizing thermal monitoring: Field work simplification in tropical architecture." Building and Environment 177 (June 2020): 106913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106913.

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Müller, Adeline, Isabelle Clerc, and Thomas François. "Plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec." Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie 31 (May 6, 2021): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31468/dwr.849.

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This article investigates the plain language practices of professional writers in Quebec, using a survey. We contacted 55 professional writers and asked them to complete an online survey about how they apply plain language in their work, and the type of writing assistance they would find useful. We also asked 40 of those writers to carry out a simplification task to see what kind of simplifications they were actually making. If the feelings about the reality of the writers’ work is in line with the literature, opinions on plain language guidelines are not. Most writers in our survey find them useful and precise enough, and this contrasts with reported criticisms of such guides. In the simplification task, we noticed that writers focus on the overall understanding of the text, and not only on some linguistic characteristics (as shown in plain language guidelines). The more experienced the writer, the more changes they will make to visual/structural aspects or relational efficiency. Putting the focus on the reader’s needs is their main concern.

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T.Ayyappan, T. Ayyappan, and Dr S. Ramachandran Dr.S. Ramachandran. "A Study on Work Simplification with Job Satisfaction to Improve the Productivity in Indian Automobile Industries." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 11 (October 1, 2011): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/95.

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Li, Zheng Jun, Yu Zhou, Ting Yun, Zhe Feng, and Shuo Zhang. "A Short Review on Mesh Simplification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.628.

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Mesh simplification plays an important role in the process of 3D models, such as storage, transmission and real-time rendering. By analyzing the basic techniques and algorithms of mesh simplification, the paper describes the the typical methods in detail and analyzes the major characters of these methods. The future work of mesh simplification is discussed in the end.

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Siddharthan, Advaith. "A survey of research on text simplification." Recent Advances in Automatic Readability Assessment and Text Simplification 165, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 259–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.165.2.06sid.

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Text simplification, defined narrowly, is the process of reducing the linguistic complexity of a text, while still retaining the original information and meaning. More broadly, text simplification encompasses other operations; for example, conceptual simplification to simplify content as well as form, elaborative modification, where redundancy and explicitness are used to emphasise key points, and text summarisation to omit peripheral or inappropriate information. There is substantial evidence that manual text simplification is an effective intervention for many readers, but automatic simplification has only recently become an established research field. There have been several recent papers on the topic, however, which bring to the table a multitude of methodologies, each with their strengths and weaknesses. The goal of this paper is to summarise the large interdisciplinary body of work on text simplification and highlight the most promising research directions to move the field forward.

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Kwon, Woobin, Hyeonmin Kim, Heejae Ahn, U.-Yeol Park, Chee Kyeong Kim, and Hunhee Cho. "Analysis of BIM-Based Quantity Take-Off in Simplification of the Length of Processed Rebar." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042468.

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It is important to apply the Length types of Processed Rebar Simplification (LPRS) to rebar work for improving work efficiency and reducing labor in construction fields. However, when used excessively, LPRS can also bring about adverse results, as the increase in the amount of wasted rebars can scale with the cutting process, leading to an increase in material cost. Therefore, it is crucial to find a proper level of simplification for considering labor and material cost together. In this study, various simplification tests were conducted based on BIM software to quantitatively validate the variation of the amount of rebar and LPRS according to the simplification. These tests were conducted for each member and the shape of the building, using the data of five projects, by dividing the unit of simplified rebar length into three cases. The research analysis showed that simplifying the unit of rebar lengths to 500 mm and 1000 mm increased the amounts of materials at a greater rate, making them undesirable. Further, it was recognized that irregular slabs, compared to regular slabs, more efficiently reduced the number of LPRS when adopting simplification methods. This study is expected to contribute to preventing material costs from increasing excessively by quantitatively analyzing the impact level of simplification on the amount of rebar materials and LPRS.

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Xiang, Hanyu, Xianfeng Huang, Feng Lan, Chong Yang, Yunlong Gao, Wenyu Wu, and Fan Zhang. "A Shape-Preserving Simplification Method for Urban Building Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11110562.

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With the expansion of model scale and the improvement of model accuracy, the real-time rendering and displaying of 3D mesh models remain infeasible. To relieve such pressure, mesh simplification methods have been proposed to reduce the structural complexity while preserving the appearance. This work introduces a shape-preserving simplification method for urban building models. Compared to traditional simplification methods that only consider preserving local geometric features, we also consider the overall shapes of building models to avoid collapse with an increased simplification rate. The proposed method works in four steps. First, we filter mesh models to yield planar structures while preserving sharp features. Second, we detect the shapes of planar regions. Third, we simplify the planar and non-planar regions constrained by the overall shapes and local geometric features. Finally, we remap the texture. Experiments show the effectiveness of this method by evaluating it on various building models and comparing its performance with the original QEM algorithms. Furthermore, we maintain better spatial consistency in building models with different levels of detail (LOD) than traditional methods.

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François, Thomas, and Marie-Aude Lefer. "Revisiting simplification in corpus-based translation studies: Insights from readability research." Meta 67, no. 1 (September 7, 2022): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1092190ar.

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Ever since the publication of Laviosa’s (1998a; 1998b) pioneering work, the study of lexico-syntactic simplification has held centre stage in corpus translation research concerned with the typical features of translated texts. The simplification hypothesis states that translated texts are simpler than non-translated texts. The convergence hypothesis, also discussed by Laviosa (1998a; 1998b), but less so in follow-up studies, is that translated texts are more homogeneous than original texts, that is they display less variance. To date, simplification has mostly been operationalised in CBTS as type-token ratio, lexical density, core vocabulary coverage, list head coverage and average sentence length. Relying on these parameters, previous research has produced mixed results, with simplification varying across translation modalities, language pairs and registers. The present article sets out to revisit the simplification and convergence hypotheses through the lens of NLP-informed readability research. In particular, we rely on a larger set of simplification indicators and make use of multivariate statistical techniques. We present a simplification study of Europarl corpus data in French translated from English and in non-translated French. The results show that translated French is simpler than original French, lexically and syntactically. We also find evidence of convergence that shows that translators smooth out cross-speaker lexical heterogeneity in translated parliamentary proceedings.

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Wu, Fan, Emmanuel Agu, Clifford Lindsay, and Chung-han Chen. "Imperceptible Simplification on Mobile Displays." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcr.2012010103.

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Graphics on mobile devices is becoming popular because untethered computing is convenient and makes workers more productive. Mobile displays have a wide range of resolutions that affect the scene Level-of-Detail (LoD) that users can perceive: smaller displays show less detail, therefore lower resolution meshes and textures are acceptable. Mobile devices frequently have limited battery energy, low memory and disk space. To minimize wasting limited system resources, the authors render mobile graphics scenes at the lowest LoD at which users do not perceive distortion due to simplification. This is called LoD the Point of Imperceptibility (PoI). Increasing the mesh or texture resolution beyond the PoI wastes valuable system resources without increasing perceivable visual realism. The authors propose a perceptual metric that can easily be evaluated to identify the LoD corresponding to a target mobile display’s PoI and accounts for object geometry, lighting and shading. Previous work did not directly compute changes in the PoI due to target screen resolution. The perceptual metric generates a screen-dependent Pareto distribution with a knee point that corresponds to the PoI. We employ wavelets for simplification, which gives direct access to the mesh undulation frequency that we then use to parameterize the CSF curve.

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Dreiling, Diann. "Energy Conservation." Home Health Care Management & Practice 22, no. 1 (December 2009): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822309340301.

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Managing fatigue can be supported by incorporating energy conservation and work simplification strategies into daily routines. Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by people with various chronic diseases, such as, but not exclusively, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or fibromyalgia. This type fatigue is not linked to activity level or rest patterns. It can have an effect on a person’s ability to complete the various daily tasks to maintain their lifestyle. This article addresses approaches and tips for integrating energy conservation and work simplification into daily activities.

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Foley, William. "Universal constraints and local conditions in Pidginization." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 21, no. 1 (May 5, 2006): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.21.1.01fol.

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This paper looks at the processes involved in the genesis of three pidgins of New Guinea. I will argue that the main principle at work in the formation of the morphosyntax of pidgins is a general human capacity for language simplification, but that these processes of simplification are subject both to the effects of specific linguistic features in the local multilingual contact situation that gives rise to the pidgin and to constraints resulting from a universal linguistic endowment. By a comparative look across a range of morphosyntactic features at the processes of simplification that produced three unrelated pidgins of New Guinea, Yimas Pidgin, Hiri Motu and Tok Pisin, the article exemplifies some of the types of structures that can result in pidgins from this general human capacity for language simplification, sifted through both local conditions and universal constraints.

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Tamilmani, Rajesh, and Emmanuel Stefanakis. "Semantically Enriched Simplification of Trajectories." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-128-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Moving objects that are equipped with GPS devices generate huge volumes of spatio-temporal data. This spatial and temporal information is used in tracing the path travelled by the object, so called trajectory. It is often difficult to handle this massive data as it contains millions of raw data points. The number of points in a trajectory is reduced by trajectory simplification techniques. While most of the simplification algorithms use the distance offset as a criterion to eliminate the redundant points, temporal dimension in trajectories should also be considered in retaining the points which convey both the spatial and temporal characteristics of the trajectory. In addition to that the simplification process may result in losing the semantics associated with the intermediate points on the original trajectories. These intermediate points can contain attributes or characteristics depending on the application domain. For example, a trajectory of a moving vessel can contain information about distance travelled, bearing, and current speed. This paper involves implementing the Synchronized Euclidean Distance (SED) based simplification to consider the temporal dimension and building the Semantically Enriched Line simpliFication(SELF) data structure to preserve the semantic attributes associated to individual points on actual trajectories. The SED based simplification technique and the SELF data structure have been implemented in PostgreSQL 9.4 with PostGIS extension using PL/pgSQL to support dynamic lines. Extended experimental work has been carried out to better understand the impact of SED based simplification over conventional Douglas-Peucker algorithm to both synthetic and real trajectories. The efficiency of SELF structure in regard to semantic preservation has been tested at different levels of simplification.</p>

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Hanke, Andreas, Riccardo Ziraldo, and Stephen D. Levene. "DNA-Topology Simplification by Topoisomerases." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113375.

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The topological properties of DNA molecules, supercoiling, knotting, and catenation, are intimately connected with essential biological processes, such as gene expression, replication, recombination, and chromosome segregation. Non-trivial DNA topologies present challenges to the molecular machines that process and maintain genomic information, for example, by creating unwanted DNA entanglements. At the same time, topological distortion can facilitate DNA-sequence recognition through localized duplex unwinding and longer-range loop-mediated interactions between the DNA sequences. Topoisomerases are a special class of essential enzymes that homeostatically manage DNA topology through the passage of DNA strands. The activities of these enzymes are generally investigated using circular DNA as a model system, in which case it is possible to directly assay the formation and relaxation of DNA supercoils and the formation/resolution of knots and catenanes. Some topoisomerases use ATP as an energy cofactor, whereas others act in an ATP-independent manner. The free energy of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive negative and positive supercoiling or to specifically relax DNA topologies to levels below those that are expected at thermodynamic equilibrium. The latter activity, which is known as topology simplification, is thus far exclusively associated with type-II topoisomerases and it can be understood through insight into the detailed non-equilibrium behavior of type-II enzymes. We use a non-equilibrium topological-network approach, which stands in contrast to the equilibrium models that are conventionally used in the DNA-topology field, to gain insights into the rates that govern individual transitions between topological states. We anticipate that our quantitative approach will stimulate experimental work and the theoretical/computational modeling of topoisomerases and similar enzyme systems.

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Balestrin, Evandro, Rodrigo Koerich Decker, Jaci Carlo Schranmm Câmara Bastos, and Henry França Meier. "Effects of the simplification in the geometry of a cyclone test facility on the swirling flow: a CFD study." Angolan Mineral, Oil & Gas Journal 2, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47444/amogj.v2i2.18.

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A study about the influence of geometry simplification on the swirling flow of a cyclone was performed by comparing CFD results with experimental data. The numerical results were obtained by solving the mass and momentum equations with the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for the turbulence closure. On other hand, the experimental data were obtained in the literature, the authors used the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to measure the velocity fields and a differential manometer to measure the pressure drop. In this work, different test facility geometries configurations were simulated: the complete test facility; and others with some simplifications downstream and upstream of the cyclone. The boundary condition for both numerical and experimental analysis was performed with inlet velocity in 10.5 and 12.25 m/s. Results showed a decrease in the gas vortex velocity in the cyclone center when simplifications in the test facility geometry are made. These bring significant consequences in the performance parameters, like almost 20% in the pressure drop values.

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Balestrin, Evandro, Rodrigo Koerich Decker, Jaci Carlo Schranmm Câmara Bastos, and Henry França Meier. "Effects of the Simplification in the Geometry of a Cyclone Test Facility on the Swirling Flow: a CFD Study." Angolan Mineral, Oil & Gas Journal 2, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47444/amogj.v2i2.2.

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A study about the influence of geometry simplification on the swirling flow of a cyclone was performed by comparing CFD results with experimental data. The numerical results were obtained by solving the mass and momentum equations with the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) for the turbulence closure. On other hand, the experimental data were obtained in the literature, the authors used the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique to measure the velocity fields and a differential manometer to measure the pressure drop. In this work, different test facility geometries configurations were simulated: the complete test facility; and others with some simplifications downstream and upstream of the cyclone. The boundary condition for both numerical and experimental analysis was performed with inlet velocity in 10.5 and 12.25 m/s. Results showed a decrease in the gas vortex velocity in the cyclone center when simplifications in the test facility geometry are made. These bring significant consequences in the performance parameters, like almost 20% in the pressure drop values.

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Sverdrup, C. F. "Considerations Regarding Improved Productivity Based upon Experience for Series Production of Merchant Ships." Journal of Ship Production 1, no. 03 (August 1, 1985): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1985.1.3.149.

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The paper reports on the measures taken over two decades by a major European shipbuilder at improving productivity in order to cope with both stiff foreign competition and depressed market conditions. For the series production of a standard merchant ship, the actual labor productivity improvements that can be achieved are demonstrated by shipbuilding methods standardization, work simplification, production bottleneck elimination, wage incentives, design simplification, improved planning, and prudent subcontracting.

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Tamilmani, Rajesh, and Emmanuel Stefanakis. "Enriched geometric simplification of linear features." GEOMATICA 71, no. 1 (March 2017): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2017-101.

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Polyline geometries are used to represent linear features, such as roads, rivers and pipelines on maps. The generalization process results in a polyline that represents the feature either at a different resolution or different scale from the original geometries. In addition, the simplification process may result in losing the geometric properties associated with the intermediate points on the original geometries. These intermediate points can contain attributes or characteristics depending on the application domain. For example, points on the road network can contain information about accumulated length of the road, positional velocity, speed limit or accumulated gas consumption. This paper involves implementing the SELF (Semantically Enriched Line simpliFication) data structure to preserve the length attributes associated with individual points on actual linear features [Stefanakis 2015]. The number of points to be stored in the SELF structure is optimized by applying alternative compression techniques. The data structure has been implemented in PostgreSQL 9.4 [2014] with PostGIS [2016] extension using PL/pgSQL to support static and non-functional polylines. Extended experimental work has been carried out to better understand the impact of simplification on both synthetic and real (natural and artificial) linear features such as rivers and pipelines. The efficiency of SELF structure with regard to geo metric property preservation has been tested at various levels of simplification.

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Puszkarz, A. K., R. Korycki, and I. Krucinska. "Simulations of Heat Transport Phenomena in a Three-Dimensional Model of Knitted Fabric." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0042.

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Abstract The main goal of the current work is to analyse the three-dimensional approach for modelling knitted fabric structures for future analysis of physical properties and thermal phenomena. The introduced model assumes some simplification of morphology. First, fibres in knitted fabrics are described as monofilaments characterized by isotropic thermal properties. The current form of the considered knitted fabric is determined by morphological properties of the used monofilament and simplification of the stitch shape. This simplification was based on a particular technology for the knitting process that introduces both geometric parameters and physical material properties. Detailed descriptions of heat transfer phenomena can also be considered. A sensitivity analysis of the temperature field with respect to selected structural parameters was also performed.

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Siegel, Joseph. "Notetaking in ELT: A Focus on Simplification." Language Teacher 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt43.3-4.

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In order to take efficient notes during English for academic purposes (EAP) lectures, students might need to be challenged to move beyond verbatim recording of information. This article describes an innovative approach to notetaking in EAP courses, the Teaching Cycle for Simplification, with a specific focus on simplification strategies used in Swedish high school second language EAP courses. The specific strategies introduced and practiced included word substitution, abbreviation, and the use of symbols and pictures. The article describes the pedagogic steps used in the classroom and shares samples of student work as well as student reactions to the approach. アカデミック英語(EAP)講義中に効率的なノートをとるために生徒は情報の逐語的な記録以外のことをしなければならなくなる。そこで本稿は EAPコースにおけるノートテーキングに関する革新的指導、特にスウェーデンの高等学校の第二言語EAPコースにおいて使用された簡略化ストラテジーについて論じる。教室内で指導、練習を行なった具体的なストラテジーとして、単語の置換、略語、記号、および絵の使用があげられる。本稿では教室で行われた指導の手順、生徒のノート例、および生徒の反応について述べる。

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Campos, Ricard, Josep Quintana, Rafael Garcia, Thierry Schmitt, George Spoelstra, and Dick M. A. Schaap. "3D Simplification Methods and Large Scale Terrain Tiling." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030437.

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This paper tackles the problem of generating world-scale multi-resolution triangulated irregular networks optimized for web-based visualization. Starting with a large-scale high-resolution regularly gridded terrain, we create a pyramid of triangulated irregular networks representing distinct levels of detail, where each level of detail is composed of small tiles of a fixed size. The main contribution of this paper is to redefine three different state-of-the-art 3D simplification methods to efficiently work at the tile level, thus rendering the process highly parallelizable. These modifications focus on the restriction of maintaining the vertices on the border edges of a tile that is coincident with its neighbors, at the same level of detail. We define these restrictions on the three different types of simplification algorithms (greedy insertion, edge-collapse simplification, and point set simplification); each of which imposes different assumptions on the input data. We implement at least one representative method of each type and compare both qualitatively and quantitatively on a large-scale dataset covering the European area at a resolution of 1/16 of an arc minute in the context of the European Marine Observations Data network (EMODnet) Bathymetry project. The results show that, although the simplification method designed for elevation data attains the best results in terms of mean error with respect to the original terrain, the other, more generic state-of-the-art 3D simplification techniques create a comparable error while providing different complexities for the triangle meshes.

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Sipayung, Naptalina, I. Nyoman Sumaryadi, Dahyar Daraba, and Sampara Lukman. "The Policy Implementation of Simplification Bureaucracy For Performance Improvement In The Ministry of Administrative And Bureaucratic Reform." Devotion Journal of Community Service 3, no. 13 (November 20, 2022): 2433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i13.295.

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The bureaucratic simplification policy is a direct direction from the President and that policy was the first policy which changed structure massively form structure to functional. Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform as a pilot project for that policy implementation. This research aims to know The Policy Implementation of Simplification Bureaucracy For Performance Improvement in The Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform and whats is the problems that opportunities and challenges the policy implementation of Simplification bureaucracy for Performance Improvement and what is the ideal model for Bureaucratic Simplification and then find what is the ideal models for optimize policy implementation. This research focuses on functional officers who were transferred from structural officers to functional) and locus in the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform. Research design uses qualitative with description approach. The object of this research is a number of 141 officer structure which transferred to functional (52 from echelon 3 and 89 echelon from 4). Data is obtained by using interview, observation and documentation study from 35 informants . Primary data that was obtained by interview and processed with analyzes on theory Policy Implementation by Edwards George III 1980, Theory and Simplification Bureaucracy with Guollart & Kelly with Development Organization Theory and for increasing performance using Cascio Theory 1992. All primary data especially from interview put in to coding with each informant as formulation regulator (Echelon I), implementor (echelon II) and target group (functional from echelon 3 and 4), but cause of the covid situation, part of officers work from home, I do less observation but do in deep interview via zoom. The result finds that the implementation policy of simplification bureaucracy has not optimize yet in accordance with the goals and objectives or has not brought significant changes especially in increasing performance. To do implementation for this policy needs another policy (lack of policy) especially for reward and punishment, performance appraisal, work mechanism) and changed culture organization (mindset and culture set).

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Pérez-Gámez, Francisco, Domingo López-Rodríguez, Pablo Cordero, Ángel Mora , and Manuel Ojeda-Aciego. "Simplifying Implications with Positive and Negative Attributes: A Logic-Based Approach." Mathematics 10, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10040607.

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Concepts and implications are two facets of the knowledge contained within a binary relation between objects and attributes. Simplification logic (SL) has proved to be valuable for the study of attribute implications in a concept lattice, a topic of interest in the more general framework of formal concept analysis (FCA). Specifically, SL has become the kernel of automated methods to remove redundancy or obtain different types of bases of implications. Although originally FCA used only the positive information contained in the dataset, negative information (explicitly stating that an attribute does not hold) has been proposed by several authors, but without an adequate set of equivalence-preserving rules for simplification. In this work, we propose a mixed simplification logic and a method to automatically remove redundancy in implications, which will serve as a foundational standpoint for the automated reasoning methods for this extended framework.

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Cao, Chuqing, and Hanwei Liu. "Grasp Pose Detection Based on Shape Simplification." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 18, no. 03 (June 2021): 2150006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843621500067.

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For robots in an unstructured work environment, grasping unknown objects that have neither model data nor RGB data is very important. The key to robotic autonomous grasping is not only in the judgment of object type but also in the shape of the object. We present a new grasping approach based on the basic compositions of objects. The simplification of complex objects is conducive to the description of object shape and provides effective ideas for the selection of grasping strategies. First, the depth camera is used to obtain partial 3D data of the target object. Then the 3D data are segmented and the segmented parts are simplified to a cylinder, a sphere, an ellipsoid, and a parallelepiped according to the geometric and semantic shape characteristics. The grasp pose is constrained according to the simplified shape feature and the core part of the object is used for grasping training using deep learning. The grasping model was evaluated in a simulation experiment and robot experiment, and the experiment result shows that learned grasp score using simplified constraints is more robust to gripper pose uncertainty than without simplified constraint.

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Osipov, Arthur. "Fire exoskeleton to facilitate the work of the fireman." E3S Web of Conferences 126 (2019): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912600015.

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Classification of existing exoskeletons is given, variants of their possible application are considered. The review of fire exoskeletons is presented, their design features are given. Advantages and disadvantages of fire exoskeletons are analyzed. The stability of the robotic device is proved by calculation. The concept of fire exoskeleton-nozzleman to facilitate the work of firefighters is proposed. As a result of computational-analytical and practical researches, the concept of a fire exoskeleton-nozzleman is developed for simplification of operative work of the nozzleman during a fire. Practical application of the exoskeleton-nozzleman firefighter allows to normalize the working conditions of the nozzleman, to release three combat units of the personnel, to increase the efficiency of firefighting.

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ElNaghy, Hanan, and Leo Dorst. "Boundary Morphology for Hierarchical Simplification of Archaeological Fragments." Mathematical Morphology - Theory and Applications 4, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mathm-2020-0101.

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AbstractWhen fitting archaeological artifacts, one would like to have a representation that simplifies fragments while preserving their complementarity. In this paper, we propose to employ the scale-spaces of mathematical morphology to hierarchically simplify potentially fitting fracture surfaces. We study the masking effect when morphological operations are applied to selected subsets of objects. Since fitting locally depends on the complementarity of fractures only, we introduce ‘Boundary Morphology’ on surfaces rather than volumes. Moreover, demonstrating the Lipschitz nature of the terracotta fractures informs our novel extrusion method to compute both closing and opening operations simultaneously. We also show that in this proposed representation the effects of abrasion and uncertainty are naturally bounded, justifying the morphological approach. This work is an extension of our contribution earlier published in the proceedings of ISMM2019 [10].

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Vermeiren, Jonathan, Selwyn L. Y. Villers, Lieve Wittemans, Wendy Vanlommel, Jeroen van Roy, Herman Marien, Jonas R. Coussement, and Kathy Steppe. "Quantifying the importance of a realistic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaflet shape for 3-D light modelling." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz205.

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Abstract Background and Aims Leaflet shapes of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) have been reduced to simple geometric shapes in previous functional–structural plant models (FSPMs) in order to facilitate measurements and reduce the time required to reconstruct the plant virtually. The level of error that such simplifications introduce remains unaddressed. This study therefore aims to quantify the modelling error associated with simplifying leaflet shapes. Methods Realistic shapes were implemented in a static tomato FSPM based on leaflet scans, and simulation results were compared to simple geometric shapes used in previous tomato FSPMs in terms of light absorption and gross photosynthesis, for both a single plant and a glasshouse scenario. Key Results The effect of simplifying leaflet shapes in FSPMs leads to small but significant differences in light absorption, alterations of canopy light conditions and differences in photosynthesis. The magnitude of these differences depends on both the type of leaflet shape simplification used and the canopy shape and density. Incorporation of realistic shapes requires a small increase in initial measurement and modelling work to establish a shape database and comes at the cost of a slight increase in computation time. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the error associated with leaflet shape simplification is small, but often unpredictable, and is affected by plant structure but also lamp placement, which is often a primary optimization goal of these static models. Assessment of the cost–benefit of realistic shape inclusion shows relatively little drawbacks for a decrease in model uncertainty.

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Overholser, George M. "Pay for Success Is Quietly Undergoing a Radical Simplification." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 678, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218769036.

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Recent changes to rules that dictate the permissible use of large social spending streams are ushering in a radical simplification of pay for success (PFS). These changes greatly reduce the amount of political effort required to secure PFS-enabled sources of spending for any given project; they make it easier to avoid the complexity of social impact bond financing arrangements; and they lead to PFS structures that work systemically across many providers at once, rather than with just one or two at a time.

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Garte, Sy. "Continuity, Simplification, and Paradigm Shifting in Biological Evolution." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 74, no. 3 (September 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-22garte.

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The principle of continuity in evolution is often violated by discontinuous saltations leading to "punctuations" in evolutionary history. Highly accurate cellular replication fidelity is a requirement for biological evolution. In previous work, I have used a statistical theoretical model to demonstrate discontinuity in the evolution of high replication fidelity. Depending on the granularity of approach, both a continuous and a saltational view of evolutionary history are consistent with a scientific worldview of creation, and with the concept of simplification in biology as articulated by Emily Boring et al. The apparent contradiction between the complexity of biological systems with the idea of evolutionary simplification can be resolved by considering the globally simplifying selection of single systems and the local evolution of increasing system complexity. Explanations of thresholds and discontinuities during evolution might require the inclusion of paradigms such as teleology and agency in biological science, with theological implications.

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Aurelio Muñoz Rubio, Fernando Tejedor-Panchón, Gonzalo Tejedor-Panchón, José Manuel Mánuel, Francisco Javier Bermúdez Rodríguez, and Ricardo Hernández Molina. "Simplification of the European Model of Management Excellence." Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544) 3, no. 4 (April 30, 2017): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v3i4.59.

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The current international context requires the modernization of the naval sector towards what has been called Naval Industry 4.0, which has already been successfully implemented by some countries such as North Korea. In order to remain competitive with those countries, a deep reconsideration of the engineering of the whole value chain must be done. Thus, the optimization of each one of the naval sector elements is highly important. These changes also include the auxiliary industry needed for a dynamic dockyard. More specifically, the working and management model of such industry has to be updated and improve its efficiency by involving business models that guarantee the management excellence. In this sense, one management model that has become a reference for many organizations is the European Model of Excellence. In this work, we present a simplification of this model, which would allow implementing it in SMEs.

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Chmielecki, Przemysław. "Simplification of Internet Services in the Knowledge Society." Journal of International Business Research and Marketing 7, no. 2 (January 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.72.3004.

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For several years, observable are processes of simplifying IT systems and collectivization of network services. An example is the simplification of Linux operating system, which in first versions from clumsy, based on the command line and virtually devoid of the graphical elements evolved towards an open and user friendly operating system. The same applies to the posting of data on the Internet – work in cloud computing, building web pages. In addition, it is difficult not to agree with the fact that information is now one of the key consumer goods, and dynamic scientific and technological development in the twenty-first century civilization fosters referred to as a knowledge society. These considerations seem to indicate an increase simplification of communication systems and collective web services with the idea of the knowledge society. Undoubtedly, this issue deserves deeper consideration, and this article is a contribution to reflect on the issue of dissemination and simplify the network in the perspective of the knowledge society.

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Eynaud, Y., D. Nerini, M. Baklouti, and J. C. Poggiale. "Towards a simplification of models using regression trees." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 79 (February 6, 2013): 20120613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0613.

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Over-parametrization in modelling is a well-known issue that makes it hard to identify which part of a model is responsible for a given behaviour. In line with that ascertainment, this work presents the outline of an empirical method to simplify models by decreasing the number of parameters. By using regression trees to classify outputs according to related input parameters, the method provides the modeller with an objective tool to reduce the range of the used parameters and, under certain conditions, to establish relations between them. Thereby, the complexity of the model is reduced on the basis of mathematical arguments. As an example, a dynamic energy budget-based model of a mesopelagic bacterial ecosystem is simplified using the presented method. The main benefits of such a method are thus highlighted: (i) more robust parameter estimations; (ii) less complex formulations; and (iii) fewer modelling assumptions. To conclude, the difficulties encountered are discussed, and several solutions are proposed to deal with them.

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Al-Rousan, Thamer, and Hasan Abualese. "Simplifying the Structural Complexity of Software Systems." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2019-0026.

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Abstract Simplification of execution traces is peculiarly important in the case of software comprehension. The objective is to make execution traces in ways that are more tractable and less difficult. However, the simplification process is a difficult task, particularly, in object-oriented contexts. Due to coupling, execution traces of object-oriented systems involve the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon, which is a very complicated structure of dependencies. Therefore, the simplification process needs a well-established approach to be helpful for software comprehension. Otherwise, the simplified execution traces will be informative as their structures will involve several gaps that lead to a misunderstanding process. This research uses decoupling to guide the simplification of object-oriented execution traces. Specifically, decoupling truthfully can decrease the complexity of execution traces without eliminating the trace components and making numerous gaps in the trace structure. Then, decoupling can solve the problem of the Spaghetti Architectures phenomenon. A controlled experiment was conducted to empirically validate the usefulness and effectivity of the suggested work. There was a significant statistical added value demonstrated in the time required and the accurate solutions of the tasks being solved. More precisely, 25% less time required with a 62% more correct solutions were achieved solving the experiment’s comprehension tasks.

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Chen, Bo. "Thermal Design, Analysis and Experimental Verification of a Satellite Borne Electronic Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.611.

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Thermal design, finite element analysis and experiment verification of a satellite borne power amplifier are introduced in this paper. Some methods were adopted to help heat conduct and a simplified computing model was built. The analysis results show that the temperature scope of the main structure is from 45.3°C to50.7°C in high temperature work case and -9.7°C to -4.3°C in low temperature work case, and all of junction temperatures of components with high heat power consumption are lower than the derated maximum junction temperatures themselves and leave enough design margins. The experimental results show that the computing values are very close to experimental values and the largest error is 1.9°C, which proved that the simplification of model and the values of computing parameters are reasonable. Thermal analysis with reasonable model simplification and computing parameters would be helpful for production design.

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Smith, Michael. "Synthetic DNA and Biology." Bioscience Reports 14, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01210301.

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“Most of the significant work has been summarized in a number of reviews and articles. In these there was, of necessity, a good deal of simplification and omission of detail …. With the passage of time, even 1 find myself accepting such simplified accounts.”

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Hoesin, Siti Hajati, and Fitriana Fitriana. "THE DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR EMPLOYING FOREIGN WORKERS: IMPACT ON LOCAL WORKERS IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 6, no. 1 (April 17, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i1.18413.

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This research aims to describe the changes in the provisions on the employment of foreign workers in Indonesia. In order to create job opportunities, through Act No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, there is a simplification of the requirements for foreign workers. It is different from the previous one based on Act No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower, which the employment of foreign workers is an exception with certain conditions. This research used a normative juridical method with a statutory approach, it can be concluded that the provisions under Act No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation which only requires the endorsement of Foreign Workers Utilization Plan to employ foreign workers, make it easier for foreign people to work in Indonesia. As a result, there is intense competition between foreign and local workers. The government is responsible for fulfilling the rights of citizens to obtain work, lest the simplification of foreign workers requirements to work in Indonesia causing violations of the human rights of citizens. Therefore, it is necessary to strive so that local workers are not excluded from foreign workers.

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Somasekar, Hemanth, and Dr Kavya Naveen. "Semantic based neural model approach for text simplification." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (July 8, 2018): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13291.

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The machine translation systems affect by various difficulties like long-distance dependency and long sentences having complex syntax. Text Summarization (TeSu) and Text Simplification (TeSi) are the important ways of simplifying the text for users who are having the poor reading capability, including non-native speakers, functionally illiterate and children. TeSu produce a brief summary of the main ideas of the text, while TeSi aims to reduce the linguistic complexity of the text and retain the original meaning. In many text generation tasks, sequence-to-sequence model depends upon approaches of TeSu and TeSi achieves more success, recently. Text data have low Semantic Relevance (SR), but the Simplified Text (SiTs) which generate from the Source Text (SoTs) are more similar. The goal of the paper is to work for TeSu and TeSi, for improving the SR between the original texts and the modified texts. The proposed method encouraging high semantic similarity between texts and summaries by implementing SR based Neural model (SRN). The encoder represents the SoT, whereas, the decoder produced the summary representation. During training, the representation provides maximum Similarity Score (SS) and the experi-ments conducted on the approach using two benchmark datasets. The experimental results showed that SNR approach provided better per-formance compared to the existing method in terms of metrics such as readability metrics, human-sentence level evaluation, and Post Editing (PE) evaluation.

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STOECK, Tomasz. "Simplification of the procedure for testing common rail fuel injectors." Combustion Engines 180, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2020-109.

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The paper presents a simplified methodology for generating the characteristic curve of fuel doses for common rail injectors, which consists in limiting the number of measurements on the test bench and calculating missing data using predefined (array) functions of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. This allows checking the method of fuel delivery in a wide spectrum of predefined pressures and atomiser opening times, while reducing the arduousness and time-consumption of the active experiment phase. The proposed solution is particularly useful in problematic situations when standard manufacturer's tests, referred only to selected work points, make it impossible to clearly assess the technical condition of the injector.

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ANGULO, JESÚS. "MORPHOLOGICAL COLOR IMAGE SIMPLIFICATION BY SATURATION-CONTROLLED REGIONAL LEVELINGS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 20, no. 08 (December 2006): 1207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001406005204.

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This paper deals with color image simplification using levelings. This class of connected filters suppresses details but preserves the contours of the remaining structures or objects. As the notion of "color structure" is not trivial, the formulation of morphological operators for color images involves many open issues. The principle choice of a well-defined color space is crucial and it is proposed to work on a luminance/saturation/hue representation defined by the norm L1. A family of morphological color operators is then introduced using the classical formulation with total orderings by means of lexicographic cascades. In this framework, a methodology for color image simplification is introduced, which takes advantage of a saturation-controlled combination of the chromatic and the achromatic (or the spectral and the spatio-geometric) components. More precisely, it is based on the application of a color leveling to each significant region, specifically adapted to the nature (chromatic/achromatic) of the region and which needs an initial image partition into the homogenous regions. Experimental results illustrate the performance of the new developed algorithms.

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Lorenzo-Aparicio, Andrés. "The Potential of Modeling Process for Social Sciences and Social Work." Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, no. 15 (January 10, 2021): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2021.0005.

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Simplification and necessary reductionism in a model cannot lead to detailed descriptions of social phenomena with all their complexity, but we can obtain useful knowledge from their application both in specific and generic contexts. Human ecosystems, that perform as adaptative complex systems, have features which make it difficult to generate valid models. Amongst them, the emergency phenomena, that presents new characteristics that cannot be explained by the components of the system itself. But without this knowledge derived from modelling, we, as social workers, cannot suggest answers that ignore the structural causes of social problems. Faced with this challenge we propose Agent Based Modelling, as it allows us to study the social processes of human ecosystems and in turn demonstrates new challenges of knowledge and competences that social workers might have.

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Mébarek, Djebabra, Mouda Mohamed, and Bellaala Djamel. "The contribution of the BQA method to the analysis of the work procedures violation." Journal of Management Development 34, no. 6 (June 8, 2015): 704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-12-2013-0159.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assist organizations in the professional risk prevention. Design/methodology/approach – It consists of a proposal for a BQA method of the work procedures analysis. Findings – In the suggested method, the authors use the principles of BQA and propose a new formulation of parameters of a work procedures simplification. Practical implications – The suggested method constitutes an invaluable help to implementation of the work permits system. Originality/value – The suggested method facilitates the process of working safety assessment providing substantial assistance to one of the most important stages that is to decide which particular indicators will be considered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Work Simplification'

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