Journal articles: 'Worked bone'

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Gál, Erika. "Late Medieval Bone and Antler Working at the Residence of the Archbishop of Esztergom (Northern Hungary)." Archaeologia Lituana 21 (December 28, 2020): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/archlit.2019.21.5.

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A relatively small worked bone and antler assemblage including 28 finished objects and 104 remains representing blanks and waste material was identified during the zooarchaeological analysis of the bone material found at the recently excavated site of Esztergom-Várhegy-Kőbánya (Esztergom-Castle Hill-Quarry). According to archaeological investigations, the complete animal bone assemblage deposited in several successive layers on the Castle Hill of Esztergom represents the kitchen refuse of the bishopric residence. Despite the religious context of the settlement, rosary beads or other artefacts usually produced in greater numbers are missing in our material. Common objects such as pins, handles and toys as well as the fine worked decorative items were poorly represented. Contrary, the details for crossbow and the antler debris dominated the assemblage linked to manufacturing. All these would suggest the presence of a workshop in the archbishop’s palace specialised for the quick production and reparation of details for crossbow. Although the small quantity of both the finished objects and production waste point to a small – maybe only seasonally operating – workshop, the involvement of a skilled bone-worker and possibly a lathe is suggested.

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Bejenaru, Luminiţa. "Worked Bone and Archaeology: Proceedings of the 11th Meeting of the ICAZ Worked Bone Research Group in Iasi 2016." Quaternary International 472 (April 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.007.

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Guimarães, Márica B. "Fishing strategies among prehistoric populations at Saquarema Lagoonal Complex, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 85, no. 1 (March 2013): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652013005000005.

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Two distinct fishing technologies were identified among the shellmound builders of the Saquarema Lagoonal Complex, in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro: bone point technology and worked fish spines. These technologies were related to the acquisition of specific fish resources; Worked fish spines were used in the capture of Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), and bone points used for fishing specimens of the Ariidae family. Worked spines technology was predominant between 6,726 cal. years BP and 3,699 cal. years BP, while the bone point technology was dominant after 3,699 cal. years BP. It is believed these different strategies for obtaining fishing resources before 3,699 years cal. BP was related to environmental. Notably the gradual regression of relative sea level occurred during the mid- and late Holocene.

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Browne, Sue. "The Bone." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, S2 (1985): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00078300.

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In all, 1065 fragments of bone were recovered from trench B. The bulk of the bone (868 fragments: 81%) came from the ditch; 121 fragments came from pits and scoops, 74 fragments from post holes and 1 fragment from a layer in the ‘working area’. Four of the pits and three of the post holes are in the ‘working area’ and they contained a total of 104 fragments of bone; the five post holes interpreted as a four-post structure contained 40 fragments of bone. With the exception of post holes 96 and 117, which contained one and two fragments of bone respectively, no bone was recovered from contexts east of the ditch running north-south at the eastern side of the site (39 and 78), nor from those contexts lying between its terminals. Two fragments of worked bone were recovered, one from context 5 in the ditch and one from post hole 75, which also contained one of the bird bones; the other bird bone came from context 41 in the ditch. The human remains and the dog bones were recovered exclusively from the ditch. The distribution of the bones of the larger domesticates and pig indicates consistency and continuity in disposal practices: 95.6% of the identified horse bones, 92.5% of the identified cattle bones and 80.5% of the identified pig bones w*re recovered from the ditch. Only the caprovid bones were spread more evenly over the site: 66.7% came from the ditch, 26.1% from the pits and scoops and 7.2% from post holes. Fragments of burnt bone were recovered from contexts 3 (ditch), 16 (post hole) and 107 (pit). Butchered and gnawed bones were distributed without any particular pattern in all three types of bone-bearing context.

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Paul, Jarrad W., and Burçin Erdoğu. "An examination of the worked bone and antler assemblage at Uğurlu (Gökçeada, Turkey)." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.23.

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Worked bone and antler tools were regularly used by prehistoric societies in northwest and western Anatolia to create and maintain everyday items. Uğurlu, one of the most important prehistoric sites in the north east Aegean, shows extensive evidence of bone and antler tool manufacture. This article examines the Uğurlu osseous assemblage from its inception during the Early Neolithic (6800 cal BC) to the middle Chalcolithic (4300 cal BC). A typology is established which labels the 534 items uncovered thus far, supported by contextual information. A comparison with other bone tool assemblages in the region is also presented, highlighting group similarities and type differences. The results show that few bone tools were found in the Early Neolithic Phase VI (6800– 6600 cal BC), while pointed tools dominate Phase V (6600–5900 cal BC). The established Neolithic Phase IV (5900–5600 cal BC) witnesses a dramatic growth in the number of bone tools produced, which is steadily adapted with the advent of the Chalcolithic Phase III (5500–4900 cal BC). During this transition between the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, certain tool types decline in number and manufacturing style changes. In the middle Chalcolithic Phase II (4500–4300 cal BC), bone objects seem to be crudely made, possibly reflecting the emergence of local traditions.

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Paul, Jarrad W., and Burçin Erdoğu. "An examination of the worked bone and antler assemblage at Uğurlu (Gökçeada, Turkey)." Documenta Praehistorica 44 (January 4, 2018): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.44.23.

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Worked bone and antler tools were regularly used by prehistoric societies in northwest and western Anatolia to create and maintain everyday items. Uğurlu, one of the most important prehistoric sites in the north east Aegean, shows extensive evidence of bone and antler tool manufacture. This article examines the Uğurlu osseous assemblage from its inception during the Early Neolithic (6800 cal BC) to the middle Chalcolithic (4300 cal BC). A typology is established which labels the 534 items uncovered thus far, supported by contextual information. A comparison with other bone tool assemblages in the region is also presented, highlighting group similarities and type differences. The results show that few bone tools were found in the Early Neolithic Phase VI (6800– 6600 cal BC), while pointed tools dominate Phase V (6600–5900 cal BC). The established Neolithic Phase IV (5900–5600 cal BC) witnesses a dramatic growth in the number of bone tools produced, which is steadily adapted with the advent of the Chalcolithic Phase III (5500–4900 cal BC). During this transition between the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, certain tool types decline in number and manufacturing style changes. In the middle Chalcolithic Phase II (4500–4300 cal BC), bone objects seem to be crudely made, possibly reflecting the emergence of local traditions.

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Green, Jennifer L., and Pem Davidson Buck. "Worked to the Bone: Race, Class, Power, and Privilege in Kentucky." Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 2 (March 2003): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089564.

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Prince, Cali. "Bone Poems: Listening and Speaking from the Ground." Ethnographic Edge 2, no. 1 (November 7, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/tee.v2i1.33.

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As a practice-led researcher traversing the multiple worlds that exist between artists, communities and institutions, I turned to poetry to begin to speak the unspeakable; to retrieve the metaphorical bones of a story that were taken out. The bones of this story came through the voices of four women who lived and worked at a site located in Western Sydney. Their stories opened a crack in the findings of the research. Unexpectedly their stories interconnected. In an emergent process rather than a predetermined one, the poetic became a way to bring some of the fragmented ‘bones’ of this story to light. A multilayered participatory process of hand making relationship maps and poetry as the final layer of this experimental approach to ethnographic inquiry, resulted in the creation of what I call ‘bone maps’ and ‘bone poems’. They have created ‘ethnographic places’ which allow for deeper inquiry into the human side of the story, interwoven with the complexity of official and often perceived more factual accounts as presented across multiple institutional narratives. I found that ethnographically based poetry, informed by earlier sensory mapping processes could reveal what more linear approaches did not. This paper introduces ‘Bone Poems’, to reveal how this experimental approach reaches ways of knowing, through metaphor, in ways that other methods do not.

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Ibáñez, Juan José, and Niccolò Mazzucco. "Quantitative use-wear analysis of stone tools: Measuring how the intensity of use affects the identification of the worked material." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0257266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257266.

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The identification of the use of stone tools through use-wear analysis was one the major methodological advances in Prehistoric Archaeology during the second half of the 20th century. Studies of use-wear analysis have decisively contributed to a better understanding of the cognitive capacities and the socio-economic organization of Prehistoric societies. Among use-wear traces, microwear polish is the most relevant evidence, as it allows the identification of the worked materials (i.e. wood, antler, hide, bone, stone…). This identification is currently carried out through the qualitative and visual comparison of experimental and archaeological tools. During the last decade, confocal microscopy is allowing the quantitative identification of the worked material through the texture analysis of microwear polish. Previous tests have accounted for the variability of use-wear traces as caused by different types of worked material. However, how the intensity of use, which is widely recognized as an important factor conditioning microwear polish characteristics, affects our capacity to identify the worked materials is poorly understood. This research addresses the dynamic nature of microwear polish through confocal microscopy and texture analysis. This research shows that use-wear polishing is a dynamic process and surface texture evolves continuously during the working time. The evolution fits a logarithmic function, so most texture modification takes place during the first phases of work. The way in which polish texture evolves through time differs from one contact material to the other. We demonstrate that, despite the dynamic nature of use-wear polish, different worked materials can be discriminated. However, some overlapping between used and unused surfaces and between worked materials occurs in the first stages of use. Moreover, polishes of similar characteristics (i.e. bone and antler) can show similar texture at advanced stages of use. These problems in identification can be in good measure overcome by creating dynamic models of polish texture in which not only the worked material but also the time of use is considered.

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Benco, Nancy L., Ahmed Ettahiri, and Michelle Loyet. "Worked bone tools: linking metal artisans and animal processors in medieval Islamic Morocco." Antiquity 76, no. 292 (June 2002): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00090554.

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The authors examine the spatial distribution, use-wear patterns and surface residue of bone tools from al-Basra, concluding that they were likely to be have been used by Islamic metalworkers. The presence of bone tools and butchery waste in an urban metalworking context underscores the close economic ties that existed between artisans and food producers in a pre-industrial urban centre in the western Mediterranean.

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Stauber, Leah. "Buck: Worked to the Bone: Race, Class, Power, and Privilege in Kentucky." Transforming Anthropology 13, no. 2 (October 2005): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tran.2005.13.2.170.

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Robbins, Lawrence H., Alec C. Campbell, George A. Brook, Michael L. Murphy, and Robert K. Hitchcock. "The Antiquity of the Bow and Arrow in the Kalahari Desert: Bone Points from White Paintings Rock Shelter, Botswana." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10211.

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This paper presents new information on the antiquity of the bow and arrow in the Kalahari. Excavations at White Paintings Shelter (WPS) uncovered bone point fragments that appear to have been parts of reversible arrowheads that could have been used with poison. We present a sequence of nine new, internally consistent OSL ages that date specific soil horizons at WPS. These dates/soil horizons are related to the bone point finds. The oldest bone points are estimated to date between 35–37 ka, while worked bone technology extends to at least 45 ka. Several engraved points are also discussed in relation to ethnographic evidence regarding decorated bone link-shafts collected in the 1970s. Additional information includes the first description of a reversible bone arrow point, made by a person who used such points with poison in his youth.

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Figueiredo Neto, Manoel, and Marxa L. Figueiredo. "Combination of Interleukin-27 and MicroRNA for Enhancing Expression of Anti-Inflammatory and Proosteogenic Genes." Arthritis 2017 (February 7, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6365857.

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Remission of inflammation has become an achievable goal in inflammatory or rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, bone erosion continues in many patients. Interleukin- (IL-) 27 regulates immune and bone cell balance and also suppresses activities of several inflammatory cell types in RA. Despite its promise, challenges to clinical translation of IL-27 have been its partial effects in vivo. Due to their ability to modulate plasticity of bone and immune cell differentiation, we examined the potential for several microRNA (miR) candidates in enhancing the effects of IL-27. Using differentiation, luciferase, and real time quantitative PCR assays, we show that IL-27 promotes osteoblast differentiation, reduces expression of osteoblast inhibitory genes, and reduces osteoclast differentiation, and results suggest a potential coordination with TGFβ/BMP/SMAD and JAK/STAT pathways. We selected miRNA regulators of these and related pathways to examine whether the effects of IL-27 could be augmented for therapeutic applications. miR-29b and miR-21 augmented IL-27 proosteogenic while downregulating osteoclastogenic signals and also worked to reduce inflammatory signaling in activated macrophages, while miR-21 and miR-20b worked with IL-27 to reduce inflammatory gene expression in fibroblasts and T cells. It appears that several miRNAs can be utilized to enhance IL-27’s impact on modulating osteogenesis and reducing proinflammatory signaling.

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Yellen, J., A. Brooks, E. Cornelissen, M. Mehlman, and K. Stewart. "A middle stone age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire." Science 268, no. 5210 (April 28, 1995): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7725100.

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Christidou, Rozalia. "An application of micro-wear analysis to bone experimentally worked using bronze tools." Journal of Archaeological Science 35, no. 3 (March 2008): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.05.017.

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Antonites, Annie R., Justin Bradfield, and Tim Forssman. "Technological, Functional and Contextual Aspects of the K2 and Mapungubwe Worked Bone Industries." African Archaeological Review 33, no. 4 (October 29, 2016): 437–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-016-9233-z.

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George, John Titus, Asisha M. Janeela, Elanthenral Sigamani, and Alice Joan Mathuram. "A fatal case of levamisole induced bone marrow failure." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 9 (September 2019): e231167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-231167.

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A 20-year-old college student presented with high grade, intermittent fever for 10 days associated with blood stained loose stools after taking tablet levamisole for 17 days for vitiligo vulgaris. He was febrile, had a toxic appearance and appeared pale. Investigations showed neutropaenia with thrombocytopaenia. Blood cultures were sterile and stool cultures did not grow any enteric pathogens. His bone marrow examination was suggestive of an aplastic anaemia. He was administered empirical antibiotics, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and platelet transfusions. However, his fever and blood stained stools persisted. A repeat bone marrow examination after 2 weeks still revealed a hypoplastic marrow. Hence, a diagnosis of a levamisole induced bone marrow failure was made. While being worked up for an allogeneic stem cell transplantation, he developed neutropaenic enterocolitis and refractory septic shock with carbapenem resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeand succumbed to his illness.

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Marquet, Jean-Claude, and Michel Lorblanchet. "A Neanderthal face? The proto-figurine from La Roche-Cotard, Langeais (Indreet-Loire, France)." Antiquity 77, no. 298 (December 2003): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061627.

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A worked stone from a secure Mousterian context has a bone splinter driven through it and appears to modern eyes like an attempt to represent a face. The authors argue that a face was indeed intended, and that the Roche-Cotard “proto-figurine” can be counted among the earliest art objects. At this place and date it should refer to a Neanderthal people.

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Pedergnana, Antonella, Ivan Calandra, Adrian A. Evans, Konstantin Bob, Andreas Hildebrandt, and Andreu Ollé. "Polish is quantitatively different on quartzite flakes used on different worked materials." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243295.

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Metrology has been successfully used in the last decade to quantify use-wear on stone tools. Such techniques have been mostly applied to fine-grained rocks (chert), while studies on coarse-grained raw materials have been relatively infrequent. In this study, confocal microscopy was employed to investigate polished surfaces on a coarse-grained lithology, quartzite. Wear originating from contact with five different worked materials were classified in a data-driven approach using machine learning. Two different classifiers, a decision tree and a support-vector machine, were used to assign the different textures to a worked material based on a selected number of parameters (Mean density of furrows, Mean depth of furrows, Core material volume-Vmc). The method proved successful, presenting high scores for bone and hide (100%). The obtained classification rates are satisfactory for the other worked materials, with the only exception of cane, which shows overlaps with other materials. Although the results presented here are preliminary, they can be used to develop future studies on quartzite including enlarged sample sizes.

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Basiaco, Adriana, Chris Urwin, and Tiina Manne. "Worked bone and teeth from Orokolo Bay in the Papuan Gulf (Papua New Guinea)." Australian Archaeology 86, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2020.1808560.

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Jagodziński, Marek, and Maria Kasprzycka. "The early medieval craft and commercial centre at Janów Pomorski near Elbląg on the South Baltic Coast." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 696–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080327.

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The settlement of Janów Pomorski was discovered in the spring of 1982 during the AZP field survey (cf Introduction) 7 km southeast of the town of Elbląg in fields adjacent to the village of Janów Pomorski (FIGURES 1,2). An area of over 10 ha produced a wealth of animal bone, raw and worked amber and pottery that indicated a date between the late 8th and loth centuries.

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Teeter, Wendy Giddens. "CERRO PORTEZUELO FAUNAL REMAINS AND WORKED BONE: WHAT CAN BE LEARNED FROM EARLY EXCAVATED COLLECTIONS." Ancient Mesoamerica 24, no. 1 (2013): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536113000114.

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AbstractAnalyses of the faunal remains from Cerro Portezuelo indicate that the site's pre-Hispanic residents made use of both wild and domesticated animals commonly found near lakeshores and agricultural fields. Most of the faunal assemblage examined comes from a Postclassic period residential structure, providing information regarding the animal species utilized by the early inhabitants of the area and the types of household activities they engaged in using tools made from worked bone. Examination of the collections from another part of the site shows intriguing similarities to the animal selection practices previously identified in the Epiclassic period collections from Oztoyahualco, Teotihuacan.

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Meadows, John, Berit V. Eriksen, Ilga Zagorska, Alexander Dreves, and Joanna Simpson. "Dating Late Paleolithic Harpoons from Lake Lubāns, Latvia." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.16957.

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Over 3000 prehistoric bone and antler artifacts, collected in the late 1930s from the former lakebed of Lake Lubāns, are held by the National History Museum of Latvia. This collection is remarkable not only as one of the largest known assemblages of bone implements in northern Europe, but also in terms of diversity of forms. The most elaborately worked objects include harpoons, often with two rows of barbs and spade-shaped bases, which are believed to date to the Late Paleolithic, and to be among the oldest organic artifacts ever found in Latvia. Four broken specimens were sampled in 2011 for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating, stable isotope analysis, and taxonomic attribution by ZooMS. The results support the interpretation that these artifacts were made from large cervid bones, and date all four objects to the early Preboreal (mid-10th millennium cal BC). The Lake Lubāns harpoons therefore fall in the same period as similar harpoons from Denmark, northern Germany, and Poland, although only a handful of these have been dated directly.

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Meadows, John, Berit V. Eriksen, Ilga Zagorska, Alexander Dreves, and Joanna Simpson. "Dating Late Paleolithic Harpoons from Lake Lubāns, Latvia." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049638.

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Over 3000 prehistoric bone and antler artifacts, collected in the late 1930s from the former lakebed of Lake Lubāns, are held by the National History Museum of Latvia. This collection is remarkable not only as one of the largest known assemblages of bone implements in northern Europe, but also in terms of diversity of forms. The most elaborately worked objects include harpoons, often with two rows of barbs and spade-shaped bases, which are believed to date to the Late Paleolithic, and to be among the oldest organic artifacts ever found in Latvia. Four broken specimens were sampled in 2011 for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating, stable isotope analysis, and taxonomic attribution by ZooMS. The results support the interpretation that these artifacts were made from large cervid bones, and date all four objects to the early Preboreal (mid-10th millennium cal BC). The Lake Lubāns harpoons therefore fall in the same period as similar harpoons from Denmark, northern Germany, and Poland, although only a handful of these have been dated directly.

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Susanto, Tantut, Retno Purwandari, and Emi Wuri Wuryaningsih. "MODEL PERAWATAN KESEHATAN KESELAMATAN KERJA BERBASIS AGRICULTURAL NURSING: STUDI ANALISIS MASALAH KESEHATAN PETANI." Jurnal NERS 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v11i12016.45-50.

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Introduction:The majority of Indonesian labor force at rural area works in the agricultural sector that risk for health problems related to the interaction of farmer and environment. It is necessary to approach health care safety based on primary health care for to prevent and reduce the risks of accidents or illness. This study identifies farmer’s health problem and their factors for developing occupational health nursing model-based agricultural nursing at rural area of Jember.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 169 farmers was done to investigate sociodemographic, lifestyles, environment of living and worked, health status and health problem. Data collected by the self-administered the questionnaire, physical assessment, and blood test. The descriptive and comparative analyses include chi-square tests and logistic and multinomial regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between factors to the presence of health problems. Results: There was differences between sociodemographic, environment of living and worked and the health problems of farmers (p<0.05). Almost 37.9% of farmers is an illness. Among 28.5% of underweight and 9.5% of overweight that related to age, drink of coffee, and excess day of work. 62.6% of anemia that related to gender and smoking habit. Meanwhile, 45.2% of systolic hypertension and 35.8% diastolic hypertension that caused by worked of overload. Furthermore, 50.3% of pain on joint and bone related to age and recess of worked.Discussion: The health problems of farmers were characterized by the nutritional problem, anemia, hypertension, and pain that related to the sociodemographic environment of biologic, psychologic, and worked. An agricultural nursing model could be developed for assessment of related factors that formulated diagnoses of health problems on farmers at rural area. Introduction:The majority of Indonesian labor force at rural area works in the agricultural sector that risk for health problems related to interaction of farmer and environment. It is necessary to approach health care safety based on primary health care for to prevent and reduce the risks of accidents or illness. This study identifies farmer’s health problem and their factors for developing occupational health nursing model-based agricultural nursing at rural area of Jember.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 169 farmers was done to investigate sociodemographic, lifestyles, environment of living and worked, health status and health problem. Data collected by the self administered questionnaire, physical assessment, and blood test. The descriptive and comparative analyses include chi-square tests and ogistic and multinomial regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between factors to the presence of health problems. Results: There was differences between sociodemographic, environment of living and worked and the health problems of farmers (p<0.05). Almost 37.9% of farmers is illness. Among 28.5% of underweight and 9.5% of overweight that related to age, drink of coffe, and excess day of work. 62.6% of anemia that related to gender and smoking habit. Meanwhile, 45.2% of sistolic hypertension and 35.8% diastolic hypertension that caused by worked of overload. Furthermore, 50.3% of pain on join and bone related to age and recess of worked. Discussion: The health problems of farmers was characterized of nutritional problem, anemia, hypertension, and pain that related to sociodemographic environment of biologic, psychologic, and worked. Agricultural nursing model could be develop for assessesment of related factors that formulated diagnoses of health problems on farmers at rural area.

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Fewlass, Helen, Sahra Talamo, Thibaut Tuna, Yoann Fagault, Bernd Kromer, Helene Hoffmann, Caterina Pangrazzi, Jean-Jacques Hublin, and Edouard Bard. "Size Matters: Radiocarbon Dates of <200 µg Ancient Collagen Samples with AixMICADAS and Its Gas Ion Source." Radiocarbon 60, no. 2 (April 2017): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2017.98.

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AbstractFor many of archaeology’s rarest and most enigmatic bone artifacts (e.g. human remains, bone ornaments, worked bone), the destruction of the 500 mg material necessary for direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating on graphite targets would cause irreparable damage; therefore many have not been directly dated. The recently improved gas ion source of the MICADAS (MIni CArbon DAting System) offers a solution to this problem by measuring gaseous samples of 5–100 µg carbon at a level of precision not previously achieved with an AMS gas ion source. We present the results of the first comparison between “routine” graphite dates of ca. 1000 µg C (2–3 mg bone collagen) and dates from aliquots of gaseous samples of <100 µg C (<0.2 mg bone collagen), undertaken with the highest possible precision in mind. The experiment demonstrates the performance of the AixMICADAS in achieving reliable radiocarbon measurements from <0.2 mg collagen samples back to 40,000 14C BP. The technique has great implications for resolving chronological questions for key archaeological artifacts.

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Kuril'chik, A. A., V. A. Bizer, M. A. Perekhrest, G. T. Kudryavtseva, A. A. Kuril'chik, V. A. Bizer, M. A. Perekhrest, and G. T. Kudryavtseva. "Radionuclid Scintigraphy for the Control Reparative Processes in Bone Irradiated Replants." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2003): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200310271-73.

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The remodeling of irradiated bone re-implant placed into simultaneously irradiated bed was studied by scintigraphy method using 99Tc-labeled drug (TcLD) (perfoteh). The data obtained were compared with data of radiologic control. The study included 11 patients with osteogenic sarcoma who were operated on after chemo -radiotherapy course. The peculiarities of operation were as follows. Resected bone with tumor was irradiated by single 60 G dose, after that the bone was re-implanted. It was revealed that 1 month postoperatively TcLD retention in contact zone of bone fragments was 2-2.5 times higher as compared with the symmetric zone of healthy bone. Remodeling peak was observed 1.5-2 months after operation. Over that interval TcLD retention decreased gradually and by 18 months the contact zone was not detected on scintigrams. According to the data of radiologic control the peak of remodeling took place at 6-8 months after operation. The study showed that irradiated re-implant preserved mechanical stiffness and worked as a biologic prosthesis while substituting the newly formed bone. Scintigraphy is an additional method the earlier assessment of reparative processes in extracorporal irradiated reimplant as compared to the assessment of radiologic control.

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Kume, Kazuhiro, Mitsuaki Furui, Susumu Ikeno, Yusuke Ishisaka, and Masayuki Yamamoto. "Screw Form Rolling of Beta Type Titanium Alloy Preliminary Worked by Torsion." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 906–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.906.

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Beta type titanium alloys in a cold processability are light, have high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and the same level as Young's modulus of human bone. Therefore, beta type titanium alloys are used for plant facilities such as nuclear plants, architectural materials, aircraft, car, biomaterial, medical equipment, glasses and golf club head, etc. Microstructure and mechanical properties of beta type titanium alloys processed by rolling and heat treatment have been reported [1]. Additionally, screw form rolling using beta type titanium alloys has also been reported [2]. However, the development in those characteristics after the preliminary working by torsion has been unknown.

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Clarkson, Chris, Michael Petraglia, Ravi Korisettar, Michael Haslam, Nicole Boivin, Alison Crowther, Peter Ditchfıeld, et al. "The oldest and longest enduring microlithic sequence in India: 35 000 years of modern human occupation and change at the Jwalapuram Locality 9 rockshelter." Antiquity 83, no. 320 (June 1, 2009): 326–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0009846x.

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AbstractThe Jwalapuram Locality 9 rockshelter in southern India dates back to 35 000 years ago and it is emerging as one of the key sites for documenting human activity and behaviour in South Asia. The excavated assemblage includes a proliferation of lithic artefacts, beads, worked bone and fragments of a human cranium. The industry is microlithic in character, establishing Jwalapuram 9 as one of the oldest and most important sites of its kind in South Asia.

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Oh, Robert C., and Jeremy D. Johnson. "Chest Pain and Costochondritis Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Report of Two Cases." Case Reports in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/375730.

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Vitamin D is integral for bone health, and severe deficiency can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Although osteomalacia can cause severe generalized bone pain, there are only a few case reports of chest pain associated with vitamin D deficiency. We describe 2 patients with chest pain that were initially worked up for cardiac etiologies but were eventually diagnosed with costochondritis and vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is known to cause hypertrophic costochondral junctions in children (“rachitic rosaries”) and sternal pain with adults diagnosed with osteomalacia. We propose that vitamin D deficiency may be related to the chest pain associated with costochondritis. In patients diagnosed with costochondritis, physicians should consider testing and treating for vitamin D deficiency.

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Akhmetgaleeva, Natalia B. "Hide polish of worked bone tools from East European Late Upper Paleolithic sites of Byki (Russia)." Quaternary International 427 (January 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.022.

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Suntornsaratoon, Panan, Nateetip Krishnamra, and Narattaphol Charoenphandhu. "Positive long-term outcomes from presuckling calcium supplementation in lactating rats and the offspring." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 308, no. 11 (June 1, 2015): E1010—E1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00049.2015.

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Adequate dietary calcium intake and the enhanced intestinal calcium absorption in lactating mothers have long been postulated to prevent maternal bone loss and benefit neonatal bone growth. We recently showed that calcium supplementation just before breastfeeding efficiently alleviated lactation-induced bone loss in dams as well as increased milk calcium concentration, which led to higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the newborns. Herein, we further elaborated in detail how presuckling calcium supplements worked in lactating rats and how they benefited bone growth in the offspring. As revealed by bone histomorphometry, presuckling supplement with calcium alone reduced the osteoclast surface and active erosion surface, leading to an increase in trabecular thickness without changes in trabecular separation or number in dams. The beneficial effects of presuckling calcium supplements, particularly the regimen containing glucose and galactose that enhanced intestinal calcium absorption, were found to last for 3 mo postweaning, although it could not restore estrogen-deficient osteopenia induced by ovariectomy. Regarding the neonatal benefits, pups nursed by calcium-supplemented dams exhibited increases in trabecular BMD, which could be observed even at the age of 27 wk. Bone elongation was also greater in pups of calcium-supplemented dams, which was due possibly to accelerated growth plate chondrocyte turnover. It could be concluded that calcium supplements markedly diminished the lactation-induced osteopenia in dams and positively affected BMD and bone elongation in growing rats. Therefore, presuckling calcium supplementation in lactating mothers is an effective strategy for promoting a long-lasting high bone density for both mother and the offspring.

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De Mulder, Guy, Mark van Strydonck, Mathieu Boudin, Walter Leclercq, Nicolas Paridaens, and Eugène Warmenbol. "Re-Evaluation of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Chronology of the Western Belgian Urnfields Based on 14C Dating of Cremated Bones." Radiocarbon 49, no. 2 (2007): 499–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200042429.

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The urnfields in western Belgium have been studied since the second half of the 20th century. Most of these studies, as well as the excavations themselves, date from before the last quarter of the 20th century, except for the urnfields at Velzeke and Blicquy, which were excavated recently. The chronology of these cemeteries was largely based on typochronological studies of pottery. Other funeral gifts, like bronze objects in the graves, are rather exceptional. The typochronology was worked out in a comparison with the framework of neighboring regions and central Europe. There was a need, then, for a chronology based on absolute dates. This was only possible by radiocarbon dating of the cremated bones. Tests on duplicate samples, like cremated bone in context with charcoal or 2 depositions of cremated bones within 1 urn, have shown that the results are reproducible and that there is no discrepancy between the charcoal and the cremated bone dates.The results of the 14C dating project on the cremated bones of the 2 urnfields at Velzeke and the one at Blicquy are promising. The interpretation of the occupational history of both sites at Velzeke can be revised, and the currently accepted ceramic sequence for this period needs reworking. In addition, the chronological framework of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age is open for discussion. It seems plausible that the urnfield phenomenon starts earlier in western Belgium than previously expected. These dates can also contribute to the discussion about the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age.

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Philippsen, Bente, Livija Ivanovaitė, Kirill Makhotka, Florian Sauer, Felix Riede, and Jesper Olsen. "Eight New Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene AMS Dates from the Southeastern Baltic." Radiocarbon 61, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2018.153.

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ABSTRACTOnly a limited number of radiometric dates for the Final Palaeolithic and the first half of the Mesolithic are available from the southeastern Baltic. This paper presents eight new Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) ages of osseous artifacts housed at the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art. These artifacts include one piece of worked reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler, three axes of the so-called Lyngby type, one bone point, one uniserial harpoon, one so-called bâton percé antler shaft, and one slotted bone. All the samples were successfully dated and yielded five Late Pleistocene and three Early Holocene ages, including the hitherto earliest age for human occupation in the Eastern Baltic. The dates include not only a surprisingly early date for a bone point (for this region), but also some dates that contradict expected ages based on traditional typological assessment. Our study significantly adds to the still small number of existing absolutely dated artifacts from the region and proposes new ways of viewing the Final Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic chronology in the southeastern Baltic.

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Escada, A. L. A., João Paulo Barros Machado, Roberto Zenhei Nakazato, and Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro. "Obtaining of Nanoapatite in Ti-7.5Mo Surface after Nanotube Growth." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1199.

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Titanium and their alloys have been used for biomedical applications due their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, they are considered bioinerts materials because when they are inserted into the human body they are cannot form a chemical bond with bone. In several studies, the authors have attempted to modify their characteristic with treatments that changes the material surface. The purpose of this work was to evaluate obtaining of nanoapatite after growing of the nanotubes in surface of Ti-7.5Mo alloy. Alloy was obtained from c.p. titanium and molibdenium by using an arc-melting furnace. Ingots were submitted to heat treatment and they were cold worked by swaging. Nanotubes were processed using anodic oxidation of alloy in electrolyte solution. Surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), FEG-SEM and thin-film x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that nanoapatite coating could form on surface of Ti-7.5Mo experimental alloy after nanotubes growth.

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Rozhinskaya, L. Ya, Ye I. Marova, B. M. Rassokhin, G. S. Purtova, A. I. Bukhman, V. S. Oganov, A. S. Rakhmanov, et al. "Osteopenic syndrome in liquidators of the Chernobyl power plant accident consequences." Problems of Endocrinology 40, no. 4 (August 15, 1994): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12137.

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Bone system was examined in 112 liquidators; in 71 of these osseous tissue density was studied by osseous densitometer using bienergetic x-ray absorptiometry and in 45 x-ray examinations, analyses of biochemical and hormonal parameters were carried out. Spinal painful syndrome was detected in 61 to 82 % of the examinees. For analysis of densitometric and x-ray parameters the liquidators were divided into 2 groups: group I included those who worked at the power plant in 1986 (55 %) and group 2 were those who worked there in 1987-1989. Radiation doses in group 1 reliably surpassed those in group 2 (p0.001). Bone mineral density in the lumbar vertebrae was significantly lower in group 1 as against group 2 and lower in both groups us. controls. More than 5 % osseous mineral loss was revealed in 73 % of group 1 liquidators and in 43 % of group 2 ones. Analysis of spinal roentgenograms in 45 liquidators showed a high incidence of negligible and moderately expressed osteoporosis without compression fractures of vertebral bodies: osteopenia signs were found in 87 % of group 1 examinees complaining of pain in the spine and in 73 % of group 2 examinees; signs of osteochondrosis and spondylosis were detected in 40 % of group 1 and in 47 % of group 2 subjects. Hence, a higher incidence of osteopenia in liquidators, more manifest condition and its higher detection rate in subjects exposed to higher radiation doses indicate a certain contribution of radiation factor to the development of the osteopenia syndrome in liquidators.

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Coinman, Nancy R. "Worked bone in the Levantine Upper Paleolithic : rare examples from the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan." Paléorient 22, no. 2 (1996): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1996.4638.

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Rafailă-Stan, Simina, and George Nuţu. "Worked bone and antler from Halmyris: An insight on everyday life of a frontier post of Scythia." Quaternary International 472 (April 2018): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.040.

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Cora, Michelle C., Kyathanahalli S. Janardhan, Heather Jensen, Natasha Clayton, and Gregory S. Travlos. "Previously Diagnosed Reticulum Cell Hyperplasia in Decalcified Rat Bone Marrow Stain Positive for Ionized Calcium Binding Adapter Molecule 1 (Iba1): A Monocytic/Macrophage Cell Marker." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319890610.

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Reticulum cell hyperplasia (RCH) was a term used for many years by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to describe a certain non-neoplastic bone marrow lesion of rats. Retrospective microscopic evaluation of RCH lesions and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to reassess and further characterize these lesions. The NTP database was searched to identify femoral bone marrow specimens diagnosed with RCH from 1981 to 2014 (n = 254). The diagnosis last occurred in 2003, after which the term “cellular infiltration” was used. Eighty-three RCH slides, spanning 22 years, representing 34 different chemicals, were selected for microscopic review, and a subset (23) was chosen for ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemical staining; initial investigations revealed Iba1 worked as a macrophage marker on decalcified tissue. The following diagnoses were made upon reevaluation: 36 were consistent with cellularity increased, macrophage, 22 with histiocytic sarcoma, 8 with increased myeloid cells, 4 with autolysis, and 13 were normal appearance. All 23 RCH lesions stained positive for Iba1. Fifty-eight of 83 bone marrows previously diagnosed with RCH are consistent morphologically and immunohistochemically with cells of histiocytic origin. These results will help with interpretation of historical data and demonstrates that Iba1 can be used in decalcified bone marrow sections.

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Chen, Yuanjin, Rui Bai, Wenhui Chen, Shuanglei Li, and Yunxia Jiang. "Zhuang-Gu-Fang Treats Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats by Increasing the Osteogenesis-Related Factors Leptin, Ghrelin, and PYY." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8164064.

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Zhuang-Gu-Fang is a Chinese medicinal compound mixture, which is mainly composed of traditional remedies like the Epimedium Herb, Astragalus, and Eucommia among many others. The study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of Zhuang-Gu-Fang in ovariectomized rats. Fifty six-month-old Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups (n = 10), namely, model group, positive group, low-dose Chinese medicine group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group. Another 10 sham operation Wistar rats were taken as a negative control group. After 3 months of intervention, the bone mineral density (BMD), procollagen type I N-peptide (PINP), beta C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide (β-CTX), Leptin, Ghrelin, and Peptide YY (PYY) of each group were measured. Besides, the ultrastructure of bone structure and osteoblasts was also observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels of Leptin and Ghrelin in bone tissue, and RT-PCR detected the mRNA expression levels of Leptin and Ghrelin. BMD test indicated that Zhuang-Gu-Fang could effectively prevent the loss of tibia bone in ovariectomized rats. Histomorphology analysis showed that Zhuang-Gu-Fang could preserve trabecular bone structure integrity and improve osteoblast ultrastructure. Notably, the study found out that Zhuang-Gu-Fang worked through balancing the bone metabolism via increasing bone formation/resorption ratio. Additionally, Zhuang-Gu-Fang highlighted the recovery effects in multiple levels of osteogenesis- and osteanagenesis-related factors Leptin, Ghrelin, and PYY. Conclusively, the study proved the therapeutic potential of the Zhuang-Gu-Fang for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and further revealed that its therapeutic effect was related to the balance of bone metabolism and the recovery effects of bone-related factors Leptin, Ghrelin, and PYY.

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Donovan-Rodriguez, Tansy, Anthony H. Dickenson, and Catherine E. Urch. "Gabapentin Normalizes Spinal Neuronal Responses That Correlate with Behavior in a Rat Model of Cancer-induced Bone Pain." Anesthesiology 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200501000-00022.

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Background Cancer-induced bone pain is a major clinical problem for which current treatments lack full efficacy. Gabapentin is licensed for use in neuropathic pain yet is also effective against inflammatory stimuli in animals. Methods A rat model of cancer-induced bone pain using the MRMT-1 cell line injected into the tibia was established to investigate the efficacy of acute (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) and chronic (30 mg/kg) systemic gabapentin on electrophysiological superficial dorsal horn neuronal responses to natural and noxious electrical stimuli, as well as on pain-related behavior. Results In electrophysiological studies gabapentin worked both acutely (100 mg/kg) and chronically (30 mg/kg) to normalize the hyperexcitable superficial dorsal horn neuronal response, significantly reducing electrical-evoked and mechanical-evoked but not thermal-evoked responses. The behavioral study showed that chronic gabapentin (30 mg/kg) significantly attenuated pain behavior in MRMT-1 rats, restoring responses to preoperative baseline degrees, and that this attenuation was accompanied by a reversion to normal (non-MRMT-1) wide-dynamic-range: nociceptive specific superficial dorsal horn neuronal profiles. Conclusions Pain-related behavior in this rat model of cancer-induced bone pain is strongly linked to hyperexcitability of a population of superficial dorsal horn neurones. Gabapentin normalizes the cancer-induced bone pain induced dorsal horn neuronal changes and attenuates pain behavior. It may therefore provide a novel clinical treatment for cancer-induced bone pain.

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Shintani, Kosuke, Kenichi Kazuki, Masahiro Yoneda, Takuya Uemura, Mitsuhiro Okada, Kiyohito Takamatsu, and Hiroaki Nakamura. "Computer-Assisted Three-Dimensional Corrective Osteotomy for Malunited Fractures of the Distal Radius Using Prefabricated Bone Graft Substitute." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 23, no. 04 (November 15, 2018): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835518500467.

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Background: Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) imaging has enabled more accurate preoperative planning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of a novel, computer-assisted, 3D corrective osteotomy using prefabricated bone graft substitute to treat malunited fractures of the distal radius. Methods: We investigated 19 patients who underwent the computer-assisted 3D corrective osteotomy for a malunited fracture of the distal radius after the operation was stimulated with CT data. A prefabricated bone graft substitute corresponding to the patient’s bone defect was implanted and internal fixation was performed using a plate and screws. We compared postoperative radiographic parameters of the patient’s operated side with their sound side and analyzed clinical outcomes using Mayo wrist score. Results: All patients achieved bone union on X-ray imaging at final follow-up. The mean differences of palmar tilt, radial inclination and ulnar variance between the operation side and the sound side were 4.3°, 2.3° and 1.2 mm, respectively. The Mayo wrist score was fair in 4 patients and poor in 15 patients before surgery. At the final follow-up after surgery, the scores improved to excellent in 3 patients, good in 11 patients and fair in 5 patients. There were two patients with correction loss at the final follow-up, but no patient complained of hand joint pain. Conclusions: We believe that computer-assisted 3D corrective osteotomy using prefabricated bone graft substitute achieved good results because it worked as a guide to the accurate angle.

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Kaya, Burçak, Secil Cubuk, Sıdıka Akdeniz, and Burak Bayram. "Maxillary distraction osteogenesis for correction of maxillary retrognathia in cleft lip and palate patients: a case series." International Journal of Scientific Reports 5, no. 6 (May 28, 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20192404.

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<p class="abstract">The treatment protocol of patients having maxillary retrognatia is presented in this case series. Maxillary expansion, secondary alveolar bone grafting and/or oronasal fistula closure were performed in 6 cleft lip and palate patients. Preoperative simulation of Le Fort I osteotomy and adaptation of maxillary distractors were realized with stereolytographic cranium models. Intraoral maxillary distraction was applied under general anesthesia. A single unit acrylic occlusal splint was ligated to maxillary dental arch and worked as a guide during entire activation and consolidation period of distraction osteogenesis. Rigid internal fixation plates were placed in the osteotomy sites at the end of consolidation period. The amount of maxillary advancement was between 5-14 mm. Satisfying occlusal and skeletal relationships were obtained in all patients. Advancement of maxilla by distraction osteogenesis resulted in gradual formation of bone at the osteotomy line and enhanced treatment outcome in patients with cleft lip and palate.</p>

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Goffette, Quentin, Veerle Rots, Caroline Polet, Nicolas Cauwe, Richard Smith, and Thierry Smith. "The worked bone industry and intrusive fauna associated with the prehistoric cave burials of Abri des Autours (Belgium)." Anthropozoologica 52, no. 2 (December 2017): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/az2017n2a4.

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Foster, John, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Mark Gorman, Kelli Trujillo, Celina Suarez, Julia McHugh, Joseph Peterson, Jonathan Warnock, and Heidi Schoenstein. "Paleontology, taphonomy, and sedimentology of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry, a large dinosaur bonebed in the Morrison Formation, western Colorado—Implications for Upper Jurassic dinosaur preservation modes." Geology of the Intermountain West 5 (April 19, 2018): 23–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5.pp23-93.

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The Mygatt-Moore Quarry is a deposit of several thousand dinosaur bones in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in western Colorado. The site has been worked for more than 30 years and nearly 2400 mapped specimens have been collected. This study gathered data about the quarry from many sources to investigate the origin of the deposit. The Mygatt-Moore Quarry appears to be an attritional deposit of a relatively restricted diversity of dinosaurs, with few other non-dinosaurian taxa, that accumulated in a vernal pool deposit in an overbank setting. Bone modification was mostly by corrosion and breakage by trampling; scavenging was abundant. The paleofauna is dominated by Allosaurus and Apatosaurus (MNI and NIS), with the polacanthid ankylosaur Mymoorapelta less common. The matrix of the main quarry layer includes abundant carbonized fragments of plant material, and the mud during the time of deposition may have been often at least damp and occasionally acidic and dysoxic. The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is a close correlate of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry in terms of lithology and taphonomy, but demonstrates significant differences upon close inspection of matrix details and bone modification. Large quarries of fine-grained facies in the Morrison Formation possess a very different preservation mode as well as different taxon and relative abundance profiles from those in coarser sediments, which suggests that more may be learned in the future from taphofacies study of large quarries in mudstone beds.

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Foster, John R., ReBecca K. Hunt-Foster, Mark A. Gorman, Kelli C. Trujillo, Celina Suarez, Julia B. McHugh, Joseph E. Peterson, Jonathan P. Warnock, and Heidi E. Schoenstein. "Paleontology, taphonomy, and sedimentology of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry, a large dinosaur bonebed in the Morrison Formation, western Colorado—Implications for Upper Jurassic dinosaur preservation modes." Geology of the Intermountain West 5 (June 1, 2018): 23–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v5i0.19.

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The Mygatt-Moore Quarry is a deposit of several thousand dinosaur bones in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in western Colorado. The site has been worked for more than 30 years and nearly 2400 mapped specimens have been collected. This study gathered data about the quarry from many sources to investigate the origin of the deposit. The Mygatt-Moore Quarry appears to be an attritional deposit of a relatively restricted diversity of dinosaurs, with few other non-dinosaurian taxa, that accumulated in a vernal pool deposit in an overbank setting. Bone modification was mostly by corrosion and breakage by trampling; scavenging was abundant. The paleofauna is dominated by Allosaurus and Apatosaurus (MNI and NIS), with the polacanthid ankylosaur Mymoorapelta less common. The matrix of the main quarry layer includes abundant carbonized fragments of plant material, and the mud during the time of deposition may have been often at least damp and occasionally acidic and dysoxic. The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is a close correlate of the Mygatt-Moore Quarry in terms of lithology and taphonomy, but demonstrates significant differences upon close inspection of matrix details and bone modification. Large quarries of fine-grained facies in the Morrison Formation possess a very different preservation mode as well as different taxon and relative abundance profiles from those in coarser sediments, which suggests that more may be learned in the future from taphofacies study of large quarries in mudstone beds.

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Giovas, Christina M. "CONTINENTAL CONNECTIONS AND INSULAR DISTRIBUTIONS: DEER BONE ARTIFACTS OF THE PRECOLUMBIAN WEST INDIES—A REVIEW AND SYNTHESIS WITH NEW RECORDS." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.57.

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The remains of non-native deer (Cervidae) have been sparsely recorded in Amerindian archaeological sites of the West Indies, but evidence indicates the presence of at least two genera, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus) and brocket deer (Mazama), during the precolumbian era known as the Ceramic Age (ca. 500 BC–AD 1500). Due to underreporting of finds and lack of regional integration of existing records, however, the West Indian distribution of cervid remains and their cultural importance are not well understood. Here, I synthesize records for unmodified and modified deer bone from 29 archaeological sites on seven islands in the precolumbian island Caribbean with descriptions for four new records of deer bone artifacts from Carriacou and Grenada. I discuss taxonomic attribution issues, evidence for manufacturing techniques, and the utilitarian and symbolic significance of deer bone artifacts. Particular attention is given to proportions of worked and unworked bone, element diversity, and skeletal part representation as a means to distinguish the introduction of living deer from the introduction of carcass products. The evidence presented here is consistent with island Amerindians importing cervid bone as finished artifacts or raw material for tool and ornament manufacture rather than live animals. This study enhances our understanding of the ways in which Amerindians were engaged in exchange networks based on the movement of exotic goods between the West Indies and continent. More broadly, it contributes to conceptual methods for distinguishing the transfer of body parts from the translocation of live animals in studies of exotic animal dispersal by humans.

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Chatterjee, Tathagata, Srishti Gupta, Ajay Sharma, Sanjeevan Sharma, and Devika Gupta. "Acute Panmyelosis with Myelofibrosis - A Rare Subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): e2013042. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2013.042.

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One case of acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF) is being reported. A 45 year old male presented with abrupt onset of rapidly progressing low backache, weakness and pancytopenia. On examination there was no organomegaly. Peripheral blood examination revealed normocytic normochromic red blood cells with 10% circulating blasts. Flowcytometric examination of peripheral blood revealed blasts which were positive for CD 34 ,HLA- DR and myeloid associated antigens (i.e. CD13 and CD33).Blasts were negative for anti MPO. Bone marrow aspirate resulted in a dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy revealed panmyeloid proliferation with scattered blasts which were CD 34 positive on imunohistochemistry and negative for anti MPO. Reticulin stain showed grade III myelofibrosis (WHO). Differential diagnosis considered included AML-M7, MDS-RAEB II and AML with myelodysplasia . He was started on chemotherapy [idarubicin and cytarabine; 3+7 induction regimen followed by three cycles of HIDAC (High dose cytosine arabinoside)] after which patient was in complete morphological remission with markedly reduced bone marrow fibrosis. He is now being worked up for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Patient is asymptomatic at eight months of diagnosis. In conclusion these patients should be managed aggressively with AML therapy and this case report reaffirms the fact that APMF is subtype of AML.

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Healy, Frances, Peter Marshall, Alex Bayliss, Gordon Cook, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Johannes van der Plicht, and Elaine Dunbar. "When and Why? The Chronology and Context of Flint Mining at Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, England." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 84 (November 13, 2018): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2018.14.

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New radiocarbon dating and chronological modelling have refined understanding of the character and circumstances of flint mining at Grime’s Graves through time. The deepest, most complex galleried shafts were worked probably from the third quarter of the 27th century calbcand are amongst the earliest on the site. Their use ended in the decades around 2400 calbc, although the use of simple, shallow pits in the west of the site continued for perhaps another three centuries. The final use of galleried shafts coincides with the first evidence of Beaker pottery and copper metallurgy in Britain. After a gap of around half a millennium, flint mining at Grime’s Graves briefly resumed, probably from the middle of the 16th century calbcto the middle of the 15th. These ‘primitive’ pits, as they were termed in the inter-war period, were worked using bone tools that can be paralleled in Early Bronze Age copper mines. Finally, the scale and intensity of Middle Bronze Age middening on the site is revealed, as it occurred over a period of probably no more than a few decades in the 14th century calbc. The possibility of connections between metalworking at Grime’s Graves at this time and contemporary deposition of bronzes in the nearby Fens is discussed.

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Hasan, Syeda Humaida, Rasheda Samad, Jagadish C. Das, Ferdous Ara, and Mohammad Abu Faisal. "Hyperpigmentation with Vitamin B12 Deficiency in an Adolescent Girl." Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 39, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v39i1.50461.

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Hyperpigmentation as primary symptom is rare in vitamin B12 deficiency. This adolescent non vegetarian girl presented with hyperpigmentation, anaemia, glossitis and weight loss. She was worked up to find out the cause of anemia and hyperpigmentation. Addison disease was a strong provisional diagnosis. Her cortisol level was normal and megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency was found. All of her symptoms were dramatically improved by injectable cobalamin. As vitamin B12 deficiency is a treatable condition so it should be ruled out in patient presenting with hyperpigmentation. Early replacement therapy also prevents multisystem involvement like bone marrow failure and demyelinating neurological disease. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(1): 62-67

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Journal articles on the topic 'Worked bone'

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