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1
Gonzalez, Menendez Maria del Carmen. "The determinants of workers' direct participation in Spain." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486411.
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This thesis explores the detenninants of workers' direct participation in Spain, through a representative survey of Spanish workplaces. Hypotheses are drawn from a wide range of existing theoretical strands of the literature on participation. Therefore, predictions of the detenninants of direct participation deriving from institutionalist industrial relations work, models of human resource management, labour process research, neo-Weberian theory, network theory, systems theory and contingency theory were brought together in a model of detenninants that could be tested through quantitative analysis. The research is also original in that it develops measures used to evaluate the effects of managerial beliefs on the practice of direct participation. The model thus developed is {'lot only of use for the Spanish context, but could serve as a baseline for further comparative'research, as could the scale used to measure the scope and depth of indirect participation workplace practice. The empirical results ofthe research offer limited support, within the Spanish context, for any individual theoretical approach on the detenninants of direct participation considered with the exception of the. institutional industrial relations approach stressing the importance of workers' collective strength. In contrast with previous research on Spain, indirect participation workplace practice is revealed here to be a potentially important positive detenninant of direct participation, challenging existing views of Spanish 'exceptionalism' in this regard. Surprisingly, there is a negative relationship between the complexity ofjobs and direct participation; when combined with the findings that price competition is negatively associated with direct participation, and size positively associated, this leaves us to propose that the ideal-typical participatory workplace in Spain uses direct participation primarily as a means of integration within a broadly neo-Tayloristic approach to labour management. The wider institutional environment of industrial relations and labour management also helps explain further the general overall pattern of low emphasis on direct participation practice in Spain. More specifically, employers' societally-shaped reluctance to extend workers' voice is posited as the main obstacle to the expansion of direct participation in Spain. .These findings point to the need for sensitivity to institutional context within cross-national theorisation and research on participation, and, by extension, to that on other human resource management practices.
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Steinhouse, Adam. "Workers' participation and the French state, 1944-1948." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3c55c0da-460f-4f12-9e93-db25ae76a181.
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This thesis explores attempts by state officials to enable workers and the principal trade union, the Confédération Générate du Travail, to participate at the workplace and in the French state from 1944 to 1948. At a time of increased state intervention and new social welfare policies, workers gained new responsibilities in the comités d'entreprises, or works councils. The regional government, the commissaires, helped to initiate worker control experiments, notably at the Berliet truck plant in Lyon. By the end of 1948, however, the strength of the French labour movement had not significantly increased, either at the workplace or in the state. In their demand for greater participation, workers faced resistance from state officials, employers and even unions. State actors, such as labour inspectors, prefects, and commissaires, actively sought social peace and greater productivity in 1944-1946. At the level of the shopfloor, the new comités d'entreprises gave workers, for the first time, an official voice in the firm. However, they had no say over production decisions. Nor did worker participation extend to unskilled workers, immigrants, or women. Worker participation did not go further at the time for three reasons. Employers intensified rationalisation measures at the workplace and refused to accept new powers given to the works councils. The CGT was insufficiently committed to workplace participation. Finally, the power of the centralised state was entrenched in the domain of economic planning but did not influence the workplace sufficiently to support participation, particularly in 1946-1948. The postwar settlement that led to increased growth in the 1950s was structured around the private sector and the planning capabilities of the state, at the expense of any involvement by labour. The exclusion of workers from planning decisions and the failure of worker control attempts led not only to the strikes of 1947-1948, but to a profound degree of powerlessness that was to mark the labour movement for the next generation.
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Chui, Wing-tak Ernest. "Political participation in Hong Kong the politicization of social workers /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3197532X.
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Smith, Willie Gerald. "Workers participation : workplace forums in the South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51088.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For the first time in South Africa's labour relations history, a comprehensive legislative tool (The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995), which has the potential and aim to serve the interests of employers and employees in a different way than traditional collective bargaining has been designed. Leadership by the captains of industry and labour will be necessary in breaking new ground and in making the perceived new framework of relationships work. The change process, the principles of participation, and the development and implementation of new values. will not be easy. cheap or comfortable. Management can respond to the Act by complying to the letter of the law, that is, going technically through the motions required by the Act. In years to come, it would perhaps be more beneficial if they responded to the spirit of the law: a genuine and real involvement of all stakeholders taking co-responsibility for the success of their organisations. "Successful workplace relationships are made by all people inside the workplace and not by the laws created outside the workplace" (lsrae1stam and Marais, 1997). 1bis will require a true transformation of their organisations using employee involvement as a key to organisational transformation. Participative management is a very broad concept and its meaning could range from informing employees in advance before implementing management decisions to giving employees majority control on the organisation's governing body. What then would be legitimate reasons for an organisation to implement participative management? International experience makes it clear that, in order to be effective, prosperous organisation. The need to move beyond adversarialisrn 15 based on the need to escape the selfperpetuating cycle of confrontation and dissatisfaction and lack of co-operation. Participative management is part of the effort to reverse the confrontational trend and achieve a positive spiral of co-operation through joint problem solving and strengthening of organisational resources, shared benefits, mutual understanding. caring, goal creation, keeping of promises and success in goal achievement. Due to the fact that each South African organisation is at a different stage of industrial relations and management culture development, participative management cannott be rushed into practice. South Africa needs to learn from the good and the bad of international experience and adapt these lessons to its own unique labour circumstances. While South African employees have been instumental in achieving democratic rights politically, their long-standing and intense struggle for labour rights and democracy has left a powerful and intense legacy of need for satisfaction of workplace demands!' A Workplace Forum is therefore a participative management mechanism in the form of an employee representative committee which interacts closely with the employer. As is evident in Figure 1, management and trade unions may decide to solve their differences through collective bargaining or through some form of joint problem solving, such as workplace forums. The new structure at workplace level gives workers a voice in managerial decisions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge 66 van 1995 is in werking gestel met die spesifieke doel om vir die eerste keer in die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis na die belange van die werknemer, werkgewer en georganiseerde arbeid op 'n gebalanseerde wyse om te sien. Die daarstelling van werkplekforums in organisasies is daarop gemik om deelnemende strukture in plek te kry. Die vestiging van deelnemende bestuur in organisasies, sal ongetwyfeld met konflik gepaard gaan, omdat werknemers en werkgewers se behoeftes verskil. Hierdie konflik behoort ten minste nou op 'n geordende wyse deur wetgewing aangespreek te word. "Suksesvolle arbeidsverhoudinge word geskep en handhaaf deur alle belanghebbendes binne die werkplek en beslis nie deur wetgewing buite die organisasie nie" (lsraelstam en Marais, 1997). Dit bly dus ongetwyfeld die verantwoordelikheid van bestuur om deelnemende besluitnemingsmeganisme daar te stel ten einde die transformasieproses in organisasies te bespoedig. Konflik word verder verminder deur groter betrokkenheid in plaas daarvan dat besluite op 'n tipiese burokraties-outoritere wyse geneem word. Deelnemende besluitneming kan lei tot beter funksionering van die organisasie omdat besluite deur 'n groep beter is as enkelbesluite. 'n Werkplekforum kan alleenlik doeltreffend funksioneer mits opregte deelnemende bestuur dien as vertrekpunte. Werkplek forums moet as platvorms gebruik word waar toepaslike inligting, sienswyse, probleme en oplossings oop en eerlik met almal gedeel word, sodat stabiele doeltreffende verhoudings in die organisasie sal ontstaan. Die sentrale tema van hierdie projek gaan oor die verhouding tussen werkgewer, werknemer en georganiseerde arbeid waar werkplekforums as 'n deelnemende besluitnemingsmeganisme geimplementeer kan word, met die gevolg dat werknemers werklik deur middel van verteenwoordiging met werkgewers kan skakel. Groter verantwoordelikheid en toegewydheid aan die kant van arbeid en bestuur sal verseker dat produktiwiteit en kwaliteit verbeter, ten einde met gemak op die intemasionale markte mee te kan ding.
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Akintade, Aribigbola. "An Investigation of Factors Deterring Participation in Continuing Professional Education." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331928/.
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This study was conceived as an attempt to determine .and analyze factors deterring participation in continuing professional education among social workers in environments where continuing education for relicensure is mandatory and voluntary.
The specific research design implemented to complete this study was the ex-post facto descriptive design. The sample included 106 social workers randomly selected in the state of Texas where continuing education is mandatory and 94 social workers in the state of Louisiana where continuing education is voluntary. The instrument used was the Deterrent to Participation Scale developed by Scanlan (1983) and a demographic inventory. Scanlan (1983) earlier identified six factors deterring participation in continuing professional education: Disengagement, Lack of Quality, Family Constraints, Cost, Lack of Benefit, and Work Constraints.
The study concluded that social workers in both states considered work constraint as a major factor deterring participation in continuing professional education. Also the factors of cost and lack of quality were also considered as crucial barriers in their efforts to participate in continuing professional education.
The Wilks' multivariate test of significance of the means and univariate F tests at alpha level p < .05 revealed differences in the combined mean scores of social workers in both states when the variables of age, marital status, and position held were tested.
In comparing the ranking of the six factors deterring participation in continuing professional education, a Spearman rank correlation coefficient revealed respondents in both states rank the six factors in the same order. The findings were congruent with earlier studies of barriers to participation in continuing education among professionals.
The researcher recommended a study which would include a larger number of social workers and a longitudinal study to measure changes in barriers to participation in continuing professional education.
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Thompson, Adrian. "Labour-force participation and disability in the UK labour-market." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339778.
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Cruz-Lopez, Irma F. "The Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program: Looking at Mexican Participation Through a Magnifying Glass." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23782.
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Mexican migrant workers have been coming to Canada since 1974 to work in agriculture as participants of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Presently, Mexicans constitute the majority of SAWP workers. As well, Ontario is the main receiver of these workers followed by British Columbia and Quebec. Accordingly, the scope of this thesis mainly encompasses Mexican workers in Ontario. However, the thesis also includes Mexican SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia. This thesis reveals two main issues: (1) that all SAWP workers, particularly Mexican workers, lack key legal rights and protections relating to labour relations, employment, health and safety standards at the structural level of the SAWP; and at the federal, provincial, and international levels. (2) Even when they have rights under legislation relating to the above-mentioned subject matters, Mexicans, especially, lack the capacity to access them. Thus, they become ‘unfree labourers’ who are placed in a perpetual state of disadvantage, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation once in Canada. To describe the issues above, the thesis is divided into five chapters addressing the following: Chapter 1 presents the historical context behind the SAWP as well as the Mexican workers’ circumstances that attract them to participate in the Program. Chapter 2 examines the applicable constitutional and federal framework for SAWP workers. In addition, it highlights key federal exclusions placed on them, which originate in the federal immigration and employment insurance legislation. Chapter 3 concludes that Ontario does not protect its agricultural workers from unfair treatment and exploitation in the workplace; rather, it perpetuates such practices. This reality is intensified for SAWP Mexican workers. Particularly, chapter 3 analyses a constitutional challenge to the Ontario legislation excluding agricultural worker from its labour relations regime; said challenge is based on ss. 2(d) and 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Chapter 4 maintains that similarly to workers in Ontario, SAWP workers in Quebec and British Columbia also face extreme disadvantages due in great part to the lack of or limited legal protections. Finally, chapter 5 asserts that due to its implementation in the Canadian framework, international law is inadequate to protect domestic and SAWP workers’ rights. While each chapter identifies tangible drawbacks or anomalies, which affect SAWP workers negatively, the thesis also provides recommendations to alleviate said weaknesses.
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Chui, Wing-tak Ernest, and 徐永德. "Political participation in Hong Kong: the politicization of social workers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197532X.
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Arnot, Julie. "Women workers and trade union participation in Scotland 1919-1939." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3086/.
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This thesis seeks to provide an assessment of women’s work, their participation in the trade union movement and the extent of women’s strike activity n Scotland in the period 1919-1939. It will highlight the position of women in the labour market, their continuing confinement to a narrow range of industries and occupations and the low paid and low status nature of their work. The weakness of trade union organisation among women workers in the inter-war period will be an important consideration. It will be shown that despite the massive influx of women in to the trade unions in the First World War and the attempts by trade unions and the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) to encourage greater numbers of women into the trade union movement, organisation among women in most industries remained weak throughout the entirety of the inter-war period. Therefore, this thesis will seek to offer a number of explanations for the lack of extensive trade union organisation among women during this period. These will include the occupational and industrial distribution of women workers, their low earnings, the impact of the depression, high unemployment and the failure of the General Strike. However, it will also be suggested that one of the reasons for the low level of trade union organisation among women may have been related to trade union policies and practices. The argument to be developed is that despite recruitment drives undertaken by trade unions and the STUC, trade unions themselves could often be very hostile to women workers and the failure to address issues of importance to women and the remoteness of the movement from the needs of potential women members could mean that there was very often little incentive for women to join trade unions. In order to support this argument, it will be shown that trade unions employed exclusionary tactics either by limiting the entry of women into certain areas of work, attempting to exclude women from work altogether, via agreements with employers, or by excluding women from trade union membership.
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Loriston, T. D. J. "Workers participation and workplace forums in the South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70387.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken with the aim to analyse the social significance of the new Labour Relations Act of the Republic of South Africa, Act 66 of 1995, with special emphasis on workers participation and the impact of the introduction of statutory workers participation on the Industrial Relations System. The Act was implemented on 1 November 1995. The Act provides for the establishment of Workplace Forums. The objective of the research is to examine the impact of the statutory introduction of workers' participation on the South African industrial relations system. The first legal infrastructure of South Africa's industrial relations system was created by the Industrial Conciliation Act of 1924, later to become The Industrial Conciliation Act (No 28) of 1956, and to evolve into The Labour Relations Act (No. 28) of 1956 in 1980. The New Labour Relations Act (No 66) 1995, came into force at the beginning of 1997 with the final passage of The New Constitution 1996. Whereas the old Act with all its amendments imposed a statutory machinery for the resolution of conflict stemming from an adversarial relationship, the new Act presents machinery to the opposite, namely that of deregulation by the State and the promotion of co-operation. In the drafting of the new Act by a task team over nine months only, strong attention was given to the advice of German experts, i.e. the experience of and from a country that led in this particular area after World War II. In fact, certain principles and mechanisms were literally incorporated into Chapter V. If it is considered that Germany received a New Constitution in 1949 and deduced from its Bill of Rights all worker rights in an attempt to transfer the principles of political democracy into the work situation in the form of "Industrial Democracy" by enshrining these progressively into the legislation to this effect, a comparison with South Africa is illuminating. Similarly to Germany in 1949, South Africa received a new democratic constitution in 1995 in the political sphere with a strong influence on the industrial relations system and made its first attempt of legislating for workers' participation by means of ChapterV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is onderneem met die doel om die sosiale invloed van die nuwe Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge, Wet 66 van 1995 na te speur, met spesiale klem op werkersdeelname en die impak wat die instelling van statutere werkersdeelname op die arbeidsverhouding sisteem sal he. Die Wet het op 1 November 1995 in werking getree. Die Wet maak voorsiening vir die skepping van Werkplek Forums. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die invloed van die statutere instelling van werkplek forums op die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsverhoudinge sisteem te ondersoek. Die eerste statutere infrastruktuur van die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsverhoudinge sisteem is geskep deur die Nywerheidsversoeningswet van 1924, wat later die Nywerheidsversoeningswet (No 28) van 1956 geword het, en as die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge (No.28) van 1956 in 1980 verander is. Met die totstandkoming van die Nuwe Grondwet in 1996 en die politieke demokrasie wat daaruit voortgespruit het, is die Nuwe Arbeidsverhouding Wet (No 66) 1995 aan die begin van 1997 geimplimenteer. Die ou Wet het voorsiening gemaak vir geskiloplossing in 'n teenstrydige klimaat. Die nuwe Wet, daarenteen, maak voorsiening vir deregulering deur die Staat en die insluiting van 'n kanaal van samewerking in die arbeidsverhoudinge stelsel. Met die opstel van die nuwe Wet is daar sterk gesteun op die raad van Duitse kenners wat die nodige ondervinding op hierdie gebied reeds na die Tweede Wereldoorlog in hulle eie land opgedoen het. Duitsland is immers 'n leier in hierdie veld. Sekere kernbegrippe en meganismes is feitlik net so in hoofstuk V vervat. As ons in ag neem dat Duitsland in 1949 'n Nuwe Grondwet ontvang het en dat hulle van hulle Handves van Menseregte werkersregte afgelei het in 'n poging om die beginsels van politieke demokrasie na die werkplek oor te dra in die vorm van "nywerheidsdemokrasie" en dit progressief deur wetgewing te verskans, is 'n vergelyking met Suid-Afrika insiggewend. Net soos Duitsland in 1949, het Suid-Afrika ook in 1995 'n Demokratiese Grondwet ontvang en daarmee saam in die politieke sowel as die arbeidsverhoudinge veld sy toetrede gemaak tot statutere werkersdeelname deur middel van Hoofstuk V.
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Kayitare, Emmanuel. "Factors Affecting Rwandan Informal Sector Workers' Participation in Public Pension Schemes." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2551.
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Social security is one of the key pillars of socioeconomic development in developing
countries. Despite being an internationally recognized basic right and a key pillar of
socioeconomic development, it does not protect the majority of the global workforce.
Over 90% of workers in developing countries do not have social security coverage, the
greatest percentage belonging to informal sector. In Rwanda, the national government has
stepped up efforts to extend coverage to the wider population, but informal sector
workers have not joined the existing pension scheme in significant numbers, and the
reasons for which are unclear. Guided by Maloney's theory of voluntarism; the purpose
of this phenomenological study was to examine the factors affecting the level of workers'
participation in informal sector in pension scheme in Rwanda. This study was designed to
provide new insights into the current social security situation of informal sector workers
in Rwanda and to contribute to the knowledge base on social security and the informal
sector. The research questions focused on awareness, income levels, and other factors
that can address the social security needs of informal sector workers. Data were collected
from 22 active workers from informal sector and 5 officials from ministries and agencies
who were well-versed with social security issues. Data were analyzed via Moustakas's
steps of epoche, phenomenological reduction, imaginative narration, and synthesis of
texture and structure. The results revealed that low incomes, lack of awareness, poor
benefit design, distrust of public schemes, and frustrating laws and procedures were
hindering the increased public pension coverage of informal sector workers in Rwanda.
These findings will help Rwandan policy makers to promote positive social change by
informing policies that enhance social protection of workers in informal sector.
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Charm, Man-yung Louis. "A study of user participation in the helping process of outreaching social work." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22331104.
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Couton, Philippe. "The institutional participation of French and immigrant workers in 19th-century France /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36901.
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Recent theories of the social consequences of institutions point to aspects of class and ethnic relations that are not fully captured by conventional institutional perspectives. Using some of these recent theoretical contributions, this thesis analyzes the influence of institutional conditions on the mobilization of French and immigrant workers in late 19th-century northern France. Two main institutional structures are discussed: France's unique network of labour courts, and the socialist cooperatives created by Flemish workers in the 1880s. The empirical, chiefly archival evidence suggests two main conclusions: labour movements emerged and evolved strongly influenced by the judicial framing of labour relations, which they in turn sought to use and modify to their advantage; the institutional innovation of Flemish immigrant workers had a durable influence on the organization of labour politics in northern France, and contributed to their integration as active social and political participants.
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Dean, Gary J. "Factors affecting participation of displaced workers in adult education and training programs." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1260979625.
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Hamilton, David Henry. "Factors Affecting Social Workers' Political Participation: Resources, Professional Associations and Perceived Efficacy." VCU Scholars Compass, 1998. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4693.
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Research has indicated that social workers are more politically active than the general public (Wolk, 1981; Parker and Sherraden, 1991), but their effectiveness has been questioned (Mathews, 1982). There are differences among social workers, but explanations of differences between "very active" and "inactive" have relied primarily on practice setting or method. However, research in political science has shown that income, education, involvement in associations, and perceived political efficacy, are significant predictors of who does not participate (Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, 1995).
Five hundred certified social workers were surveyed regarding how often they engaged in political activities (e.g., voting and campaigning) between 1995 and 1997; 242 surveys were returned. Whereas 92 percent of respondents voted in 1996, fewer than 1 in 5 met with government officials or worked in a political campaign; only 3 percent testified before a legislative body. Information on each respondent's performance of specific political tasks was used to create a Political Participation Score (PPS). Scores range from 0 through 11, with higher scores indicating greater political activity. Six percent of respondents were "inactive" (3 or less), 88 percent were "active" ( 4 through 7), and 6 percent were "very active" (9 or more).
The PPS was the dependent variable in ordinary least squares regression analysis, used to estimate the effect of political socialization, resources, perceived political efficacy, and involvement with professional associations on certified social workers' political activity. The significant predictors (p≤.05) were political efficacy (b=.237), recruitment to action by a social work association (b=2.34), interest in public affairs (b=.210) and activity in NASW (b=.165). Income and education were not significant predictors of the respondents' participation.
The significant role of political efficacy suggests that strategies to increase social workers' perceived efficacy could increase their political activity. Greater performance of high-cost activities (e.g., testifying or meeting with government officials) could increase social workers' input into the development of social policy. Social learning theory (Bandura, 1978) is utilized to identify strategies for use by social work educators and professional associations to increase social workers' perceived efficacy and, therefore, the performance of higher-cost political acts.
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Cheung, Hui-kwan, and 張照群. "Participation in protest: a comparative studyof two protestant workers' organizations in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208137.
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Seif, Mohammed Mahmoud. "FACTORS INFLUENCING PARTICIPATION IN THE PENSION FUND AMONG INFORMAL SECTORS´ WORKERS IN TANZANIA." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-187254.
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The informal sector is crucial in the development of several developing countries as a large percentage of workers are employed or self-employed in this sector. According to the International Organisation of Pension Supervisors Report (2011) which was approved by Social Security Regulatory Authority, approximately 89.2 percent of the labor force in Tanzania belongs to the informal sector (https://www.oecd.org/countries/tanzania/49650309.pdf).The participation of the informal sectors’ workers in the pension fund is minimal. This in turn deprive them of their social security rights which are regarded as basic human rights by International Labour Organization (ILO,2002). This paper examined the factors which influence participation in the pension funds among the informal sectors’ workers in Tanzania. Probit model was used in evaluating the data which were collected from 180 informal sectors’ workers and 40 staffs of Public Service Social Security Fund through questionnaires. The study revealed that age, level of education, income, presence of a trade union, presence of a written contract between employer and employee, fair contribution rate and membership in other forms of social protection were significant factors in influencing the participation in the pension fund among the informal sectors’ workers in Tanzania. The notable findings of this research are the impacts of trade union, written contract and membership in other forms of social protection on the probability of joining the pension fund among the informal sectors’ workers. The presence of the trade union and written contract had positive effect on the probability of joining the pension fund while membership in other forms of social protection had a negative effect on the probability of joining the pension fund. Surprisingly,96.12% of the respondents had trust in pension funds and good perception on the performance of the pension funds in Tanzania. Furthermore, the study revealed that 84.44% of the respondents who were not members of any pension fund were willing to join the pension fund. The study proposes the following strategies on expansion of social security coverage: introduction of more attractive benefit packages, use of mobile money approach for remittance of monthly contribution, raise awareness on the importance of social security, use of aggressive door to door technique in registering new members, re-introduction of partial withdrawal benefit, pension funds should establish partnership with trade unions, employers’ association and co-operatives, pension funds should be flexible in collection of contributions, fast payment of benefits, government should register all employees and employers of the informal sectors, Ministry of Labour should sensitize employers on the importance of social security by issuing a guideline to all employers within the country, pension funds should introduce simple registration procedures, introduction of autonomous social security regulatory authority, establishment of auto - enrollment into pension funds, informal sectors’ employers and employees should be encouraged to form the groups or association which will be vital in accessing the loans from the banks and other microfinance institutions.
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Budig, Michelle Jean. "Professionals, carpenters, and childcare workers: Sex differences in self-employment participation and earnings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279812.
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Despite the revitalization of non-agricultural self-employment among men, and especially among women, since 1970, little research has examined sex differences in self-employment participation and outcomes using national longitudinal probability samples. In addition, even less research has examined how these sex differences vary by occupational status. Using data from each census between 1940 and 1990, along with data from the 1979--1998 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this dissertation examines sex differences in the historical context of and trends in self-employment, factors that affect the likelihood of self-employment entrance, and earnings returns to self-employment. Analyses are run separately for non-professional and professional workers. Sex differences in the effects of human capital and labor supply, occupational and industrial sex segregation, job characteristics, family factors, and demographic characteristics on self-employment participation and earnings are explored. General theories of self-employment participation, based on the experiences of men, are tested to see if they can explain women's self-employment experiences as well. These theories include three versions of the disadvantaged worker theory--that workers with fewer employable skills, workers in bad jobs, and workers that face employer discrimination will turn to and benefit from self-employment. Two gendered theories that take women's structural position in the economy and the family are also examined. These theories argue that women whose family responsibilities conflict with work obligations and highly skilled women who are trying to circumvent employer discrimination will turn to and benefit from self-employment. Findings show support for the gender-neutral discouraged worker and the gendered work and family conflict theories. Workers in bad jobs are more likely to become self-employed, as are married women and mothers. Less support is found for the glass ceiling breaker theory. Female childless professionals are the only group of women who benefit equally from self-employment, compared with men. All other women face earnings penalties for being self-employed. However, the benefits of self-employment, such as lower child care costs, greater flexibility in work schedules, and control over the intensity of work may compensate for the self-employment penalty mothers incur.
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Lavallee, Adam Laurier. "Three Essays Considering The Labor Market Behavior Of Young Workers." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/413373.
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EconomicsPh.D.
This dissertation consists of three chapters investigating labor market trends, specifically of young workers (ages 18-24). In the United States, young workers decreased their labor market participation by more than 8\% from 1994-2014 and the first chapter of this research considers changing demographics and educational decisions to account for this decline. Using connected monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data, an alternative definition of labor market attachment is considered, which accounts for attached, marginally attached, and not attached workers. Additionally, attending college is considered as a weak form of labor market participation. Accounting for demographic changes and varying levels of attachment by demographics, the decrease in the participation rate is decomposed into genuine and demographic changes. The finding is a genuine decrease of 1.5\% young workers out of the labor force over the twenty year period studied. A calculation of the impact of college major choice on participation is estimated by extending the decomposition, as well as estimating a logit model on participation by college major. For males certain majors (Agriculture and English and Foreign Language) correlate with lower labor force attachment, while others (Engineering, Mathematics, and Visual and Performing Arts) correspond with higher attachment. For females, graduate degrees are the strongest indicator of attachment to the labor force and being married correlates with non-attachment to the labor force. The second chapter of this research investigates the movement of young workers between labor market statuses. Rather than consider the stocks and percentages of workers in each state (i.e. charting the unemployment or participation rate), this paper analyzes the flows between statuses. A contribution of this research is to consider how labor market flows are impacted by education decisions by including schooling as a labor market status. Additionally, this chapter estimates the impact that labor market movements by young workers have on fluctuations of their unemployment rate; flows between unemployment and not-in-the-labor-force, account for over forty percent of the variation in unemployment for young workers. As young workers decide whether to participate in the labor force or continue their education, they must decide whether to forgo ``on-the-job” training and experience or attend college to acquire human capital through formal education. Following the work of John Robst (2007), the third chapter of this research considers three questions: To what extent do college graduates work in fields unrelated to their most recent degree field? Which degree fields lead to greater mismatch? What is the relationship between working outside a degree field and wages? This research first provides updated answers to these questions using data from the 2013 National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG). Additionally, this work includes new specifications of the wage penalty using parental education level, which was unavailable in Robst's data. The result indicates a wage correlation of complete mismatch between job and college major that is more than three times that of a partial mismatch. An important contribution of this paper is to address changes over time by comparing results from the NSCG data in 1993, 2003, 2010, and 2013. A significant result is that the negative association between mismatch and wages has increased by a factor of three for men and over four times for women from 1993 to 2013. The conclusions in this research describe both structural and cyclical trends in the young worker labor market. Despite the significant proportion of young workers in the labor force, little research has been conducted using data from individuals under the age of twenty-five. This dissertation focuses on young workers because of the importance they play in the labor market, but also to motivate future research. The decisions young people make impact the labor market as well as drive individual future labor market outcomes; policy should be informed by the structural and cyclical trends presented throughout this research.
Temple University--Theses
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Mohammed, Isam. "Participation of African immigrants in the labour force of South Africa : insights from the 2001 population census /." Online Access, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_9165_1271011974.pdf.
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Afouxenidis, Alexander. "Industrial relations and workers' participation issues : a case study of the Greek telecommunications sector." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1168/.
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Questions and problems related to the articulation of industrial re 1 at ions structures in modern soc i ety have been rna tters for long debate over a number of years. However, the establishment of industrial relations formations is a product of a variety of complex societal processes located inside and outside the irTlllediate industrial environment. This thesis examines the links that exist between wider societal processes and systems of industrial relations and workers I participation with reference to the Greek Telecommunications Sector. In the first instance (Chapter 1), issues of economy and society tha t have an effect upon indus tri a 1 re 1 at ions are exami ned wi th reference to the processes of gl oba 1 economi c deve 1 opment, ca pi ta 1 accumulation, dependency and the more recent phenomena of 'flexible specialization ' and 'post-Fordism'. These are related to the presentation of industrial relations structures (Chapter 2) which are examined using comparative evidence to illustrate their various differences and similarities. It is argued that industrial relations and workers I participation structures have to be examined in the 1ight of national and international patterns of political, social and economic development. Also, a critical evaluation of contemporary approaches to industrial relations is presented. Chapter 3 is concerned with identifying and evaluating the main issues related to Greek economic and social development. That is examined in relation to the position of the country in the international division of labour and also to the national characteristics that articulate the specific nature of labour relations. Chapter 4 presents the case of the Telecommunication Sector using empirical material drawn from various sources, from observation and from employee responses to a questionnai reo The framework of industrial participation is discussed both in relation to the internal circumstances of the industry and also to the more general environment in which it is located. Finally, Chapter 5 re-evaluates the categories of 'industrial participation' and 'employment' in the specific context of Greek societal development and considers the validity of some of the concepts used in contemporary discussions of labour organization.
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Zembe, Yanga. "Community participation in the recruitment of community health workers :a case study of the three community health worker programmes in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7266_1299058637.
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This research investigates the nature and extent of community participation and involvement in the recruitment and selection processes for Community Health Workers (CHWs), primarily through detailed case studies of three CHW programmes, one in the Western Cape, another in KwaZulu-Natal, and a third which operates in the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. The first utilizes CHWs in health education and home-based care in Khayelitsha and Nyanga. The second specializes in the training, management and supervision of home-based care CHWs in the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. The third utilizes CHWs in addressing maternal and child health issues in targeted peri-urban and rural areas in the three provinces. The mini-thesis is organized into five chapters: the first chapter provides the introduction and background as well as the methodological design of the mini-thesis
the second chapter focuses on providing a detailed literature review of relevant materials that cover the subject matter
the third chapter provides the descriptive background of the history of CHWs, CHW policies and community participation in South Africa, as well as a description of the three case study organizations
the fourth chapter describes and discusses the findings and the last and fifth chapter provides a summary of the findings as well as recommendations and conclusions.
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Mönefors, Berntell Agneta. "Children's voice and participation in social welfare investigations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133710.
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There is a principal consent both in the convention on the rights of the child, the Swedish social service act and in “Barns behov i centrum” (BBiC, similar to the British “Looking after children”, LAC) that children should participate and have an impact on matters that affect them in relation to their age and maturity. This thesis focus on how children’s voices are recorded in social welfare files and how their participation in the investigation is constructed. I have read the interviews and the social reports of ten children, conducted by social workers in a municipality in the outskirts of Stockholm. The children’s voices in the files are a secondary voice, they are the social worker’s interpretation of the interviews with the children. I have used thematic analysis in order to answer my research questions. The result shows that all children had been able to talk to the social worker and nearly all of them were informed about why there was an investigation. The children’s stories were valued as true by the social workers and they were referred as information givers. Most of them were only interviewed orally, without support from child adaptive methods. They had very limited impact on how the investigation were conducted, how their information would be used and on the choice of intervention.
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Masanja, Patrick. "The politics of workers' participation: a study of industrial relations in Tanzanian public-sector factories." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3101.
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Harris, Vandra, and vandra harris@flinders edu au. "The Development Contact Zone: Practitioner Perspectives on Culture, Power and Participation." Flinders University. Centre for Development Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060315.221724.
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This research examines the function of culture and power in Development praxis, as defined by Post-Development theory, the Participation approach to Development, and Development workers in Cambodia and the Philippines. Practitioner perspectives have been gathered by means of informal interviews conducted in Cambodia and the Philippines. The primary inquiry of this thesis is whether Development is culturally destructive, whether the current paradigm can deliver effective results, and what effect power relations have on these outcomes.
The research approaches Development as a contact zone, in which Southern Development workers function as border crossers, moving between the cultures of funders and local communities as they work to implement Development projects and programs. This affords practitioners privileged insight into the cultural negotiations of this contact, making their input critical to this inquiry. Their input is placed in the context of Post-Development theorists� assertion that Development is a culturally destructive discourse, and the proposal by other theorists that a participatory approach to Development adequately addresses Post-Development�s key concerns. Participation addresses issues of power and context in Development practice from a different perspective from the Post-Development theorists, and outlines a series of strategies designed to overcome well-recognised limitations of Development practice.
Practitioner responses are grouped into three discussions, addressing their overall perspective on Development and Participation, their attitudes to cultural change and Development�s role within that, and their experience of power in Development funding relationships. Their responses were overwhelmingly supportive of participatory approaches to Development, and advocated a stronger role for the grassroots organisations that are pivotal to the Post-Development approach. Different attitudes to cultural change were expressed by practitioners in the two countries, however they consistently named Development as a source of positive cultural change, naming this as a key aim of their work. Finally, practitioners were critical of their relationships with funding organisations, which they felt were unduly controlled by the funders.
This research concludes that participatory Development fosters cultural liberty by reinforcing collaborative cultural traits and strengthening communities to make choices about culture. While Post-Development provides important critiques of Development, its proposed alternative of turning to the grassroots is not supported by practitioners, who seek ongoing relationships with Northern organisations and individuals. In particular, practitioners desire a model of funding relationship that reflects their own practice, by conforming to the paradigm of people that underpins the participatory approach to Development.
This thesis contributes to Development debates by presenting Southern perspectives that contrast with Post-Development, and by proposing a framework that can underpin further development of funding partnerships. Furthermore, it demonstrates that practitioners believe that Development is a reinforcing factor at a time when cultures are exposed to increasingly diverse cultural influences.
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Honey, Stephanie Ann. "Participation by proxy : how bilingual support workers aid the participation of minority ethnic users in the North West region of the National Health Service." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.673818.
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Ruano, Ana Lorena. "The role of social participation in municipal-level health systems : the case of Palencia, Guatemala." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59865.
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Background: Social participation has been recognized as an important public health policy since the declaration of Alma-Ata presented it as one of the pillars of primary health care in 1978. Since then, there have been many adaptations to the original policy recommendations, but participation in health is still seen as a means to make the health system more responsive to local health needs, and as a way to bring the health sector and the community closer together. Aim: To explore the role that social participation has in a municipal-level health system in Guatemala in order to inform future policies and programs. Methods: The fieldwork for this study was carried out over eight months and three field visits between early January of 2009 and late March of 2010. During this time, 38 indepth interviews with provincial and district-level health authorities, municipal authorities, community representatives and community health workers were conducted. Using an overall applied ethnographic approach, the main means of data collection were participant observation, in-depth interviews, group discussions and informal conversations. The data was analyzed in two different rounds. In the first one we used documentary analysis, role-ordered matrices and thematic analsis (see papers I-IV) and in the second round, thematic analysis was utilized. Results: We found four themes that frame what the role of social participation in the municipality of Palencia is. The first theme presents the historical, political and social context that has contributed to shaping the participation policies and practices in Guatemala as a whole. The second theme takes a deeper look at these policies and how they have been received in the municipality of Palencia. The third theme presents data regarding the three situated practices of participation, each occurring at a different level: municipal, community and the individual level. Finally, the last theme presents reflections on what it means to participate to the people that were involved in this study. Conclusion: In the process of social participation there are two different and complementary kinds of power that depend on the amount and the kind of resources available at each level of the participation structure. Stakeholders that have higher levels of power to formulate policies will have better access to financial, human and material resources while stakeholders that have higher levels of power to implement policies will have resources like community legitimacy, knowledge of local culture, values and mores, as well as a deep understanding of local social processes. The coordination of financial, human and material resources is just as important as the legitimacy that comes from having community leaders involved in more steps of the process. True collaboration can only be obtained through the promotion and creation of meaningful partnerships between institutional stakeholders and community leaders and other stakeholders that are working at the community level. For this to happen, more structured support for the participation process in the form of clear policies, funding and capacity building is needed.
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Paragas, Fernando. "Eccentric Networks: Patterns of Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Participation, and Mass Media Use Among Overseas Filipino Workers." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1147119861.
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St, Pierre Betsy. "The Use of Experiential Groups in the Training of Group Workers: Student Attitudes and Instructor Participation." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1277.
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Both the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Programs (CACREP) and the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) require counselor education programs to provide experiential training to group workers (CACREP, 2009; ASGW, 2000). However, no specific models are given to counselor educators to implement the experiential component. Only two research studies have examined the overall structure and type of instructor involvement commonly used in counselor training programs (Anderson & Price, 2001; Merta, Wolfgang, & McNeil, 1993). In addition, researchers have documented ethical concerns in the use of experiential training methods (Davenport, 2004; Furr & Barret, 2000; Riva & Korinek, 2004) including the role of dual relationships, confidentiality, and competency. Student experience of the experiential training is impacted by both the structure of the experiential group and the ethical pitfalls associated with each (Goodrich, 2008). Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the current models of group work and how the structure of these models impacted student attitudes toward ethical concerns of dual relationships, confidentiality, and competency and overall student experience. Members of the American Counseling Association (ACA) who had graduated with their master's degree in the past five years were asked to respond to the Survey of Student Attitudes and Instructor Participation in Experiential Groups online survey. The findings of this study suggested that the most common group work training model is to have a full-time faculty member both instruct the group work course and facilitate the experiential group. In addition, concern over ethical issues was found to be an important component in student's comfort level and belief that the experiential group was instrumental in their development as a group counselor. These results do not support the findings of Anderson and Price (2001) which suggested a growing trend of group work instructors not being both the facilitator of the experiential group and the instructor of the course. However, the findings do support previous research which indicated that ethical concerns do negatively impact student involvement in the experiential group (Davenport, 2004; Hall, Hall, Harris, Hay, Biddulph, & Duffy, 1999).
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Yenn, Roumany Nate Hongkrailert. "Participation of village health volunteers in nutritional activities program, Muang district , Sakeo province, Thailand /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd387/4837992.pdf.
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Mönefors, Berntell Agneta. "“…It’s not only about giving children a voice”- social workers accounts of child participation in social investigations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133713.
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There is a consensus in Sweden that children are right-bearers and shall participate in matters that affect them among legislators, the government’s instructions by Barns Behov I Centrum (BBIC) (Child’s needs in focus) and among social workers. Despite this, previous research shows that children’s participation in social investigations is limited. The aim of this study is to analyse and interpret how social worker’s describe and understand children’s participation in their daily work at a social welfare unit. It is their perception of child participation that is studied. The data consists of interviews with nine social workers investigating children of 0-12 years of age at three social welfare units in municipalities’ in the outskirts of Stockholm. The theoretical perspective of this study is childhood sociology. The social workers in this study regard children as competent enough to receive information as well as capable contributors to the investigations. Participation was viewed as a cornerstone in their work with children. Children were described as capable of communicating information and their perspective on their situation through speech, behaviour or play indicating that all children can contribute despite age. But oral communication dominates and has a higher value, showing that age and maturity has an impact on children’s participation. Restrictions by guardians, time-restraint and heavy workloads also limited children’s participation during the investigation.
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Mak, Suk-kuen Florence, and 麥淑娟. "Staff relations in the Regional Services Department: a case study of workers' participation in experience-sharing workshops." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964345.
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Mak, Suk-kuen Florence. "Staff relations in the Regional Services Department : a case study of workers' participation in experience-sharing workshops /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13552995.
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Charm, Man-yung Louis, and 湛文勇. "A study of user participation in the helping process of outreaching social work." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978836.
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Cage, Cheryl E. Morreau Lanny E. Lian Ming-Gon John. "Effects of a parent involvement program on parental participation in school activities." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1995. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9633387.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995.Title from title page screen, viewed May 9, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Lanny Edward Morreau, Ming-Gon John Lian (co-chairs), Gregory F. Aloia, Kenneth Strand, Robert Wazienski. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-108) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Beele, Ernest Muketoi. "The state, law and workers' participation policies in Zambia, 1969-1989 : a study of the origins and development of law and participation policy in a developing country." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4119/.
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This thesis is a study of the origins and development of law and workers' participation policies in Zambia from their inception in 1969 to 1989. The research was focussed at three levels of investigation: why was workers' participation introduced; what factors have determined its development; and whether the results suggest that state involvement, and the use of law in particular, has made a useful contribution to these industrial relations policies. The value of the work is threefold. First, it makes a modest but significant contribution to the understanding of law and industrial relations in post-independence Zambia. Second, it disputes and, in large measure, seeks to contradict earlier explanations thought to have determined the origins and development of participation policies in the country. Third, it provides original insights into the 1971 and 1988 workers' participation legislation. The methods of investigation have been largely historical and comparative. It analysed primary and secondary materials, supplemented by discussion interviews. Theoretical guidance was drawn from critical studies of corporations, labour law and industrial relations. The study reveals that the origins of workers' participation in Zambia is connected to the political objective in the 1960s of assuring the participation of Zambians in the ownership and management of the economy. Consequently, it argues that the development of these policies is best understood in the context of this origin as well as of the structures and institutions upon which they were erected in the 1970s. Turning to the assessment, it found that very little industrial relations effects have been demonstrated. This was partly a result of three interlocking factors. First, weak and inconsistent laws. Second, the failure to develop the widest possible consensus on participation policies. Third, the absence of economic and political conditions under which the confidence of managers and workers could be won towards state policies.
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Law, Wing-fai, and 羅詠輝. "Political parties, labor unions and public policies: a study of the impact of pressure groups on the laborimportation scheme." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965271.
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Blewett, Verna. "Workers changing work : the influence of worker power ; a longitudinal case study analysis of workplace change at Moving Metals Limited /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-SUA20030815.104708.
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Bibliography: leaves 261-276. Electronic publication; full text available in PDF format; abstract in HTML format. This thesis is about the role that shop floor workers play in organisational change. In particular, it investigates the manner in which a distinct group of worker-level leaders and change agents affected the generation and implementation of change and helped to shape the change process in an organisation undergoing planned change. The data for the thesis were obtained from a three-year, longitudinal case-study of organisational change in a medium-sized automotive components manufacturer, Moving Metals Limited (MML). Electronic reproduction.[Australia] :Australian Digital Theses Program,2001.
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Dasgupta, Satarupa. "Communication and Community Mobilization, Anti-Trafficking and Legitimization, Participation and Empowerment: HIV/AIDS Intervention and the Sonagachi Project." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/205971.
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Mass Media and CommunicationPh.D.
HIV/AIDS infection is a serious threat to the health and welfare of India. HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI) are primarily propagated through heterosexual intercourse in India. Sex workers having multiple partners are considered to be conduits of virus transmission. Hence interventions targeting sex workers form a significant part of India's effort to curb the HIV/AIDS pandemic within its borders. The Sonagachi Project is a HIV/AIDS intervention program in India that targets sex workers. The initiative is being undertaken in a red light district of Calcutta, India. The district, which houses more than 50,000 sex workers, is the largest of its kind in South and South-East Asia. The project is spearheaded by the sex workers themselves, who act as peer outreach workers, and there are no external organizations involved. Statistics from UNAIDS show a significant drop in HIV/AIDS prevalence rate and significant increase in condom usage in Sonagachi after the project was implemented. The project achieved results like unionization of the sex workers, and formation of micro-credit societies and vocational training centers. The different facets of the Sonagachi Project were examined in the current dissertation. The articulation of trafficking and sex work in the formulation of global HIV/AIDS policy documents was assessed to understand the relationship between trafficking and sex work. The Sonagachi Project's stance on redefining sex work, legalization of sex work and rejection of rehabilitation propositions was explored. Environmental and structural barriers to health were analyzed and the impact of the contextualization of sexual health behavior on HIV/AIDS intervention initiatives studied by examining the case of the Sonagachi Project. The application of community mobilization as a strategic intervention method in HIV/AIDS harm reduction and awareness was explored by assessing the strategies of the Sonagachi Project. Finally the participatory framing of health discourse and practice in the Sonagachi Project was analyzed. For my dissertation I performed in-depth interviews of 37 sex workers and 5 project workers in Sonagachi. I reviewed policy documents of global aid organizations and project documentation from the Sonagachi Project such as research papers, internal project reports and unpublished manuscripts produced by the sex workers' union, and results of surveys performed by the sex workers' union and non-governmental organizations. The implications of the dissertation findings will extend beyond the red light district of Calcutta and provide a useful paradigm of sustainable intervention among historically marginalized populations.
Temple University--Theses
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Formolo, Francesca Marie. "The effects of parent volunteers on a child's literacy growth." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/993.
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Research has shown that the more active parents are in their child's education the more likely their child is to achieve academic success. Based on these findings this research project focused on how parent volunteers influenced their child's literacy growth. It is hypothesized that as the parent spends time in the classroom they are given more opportunities to interact with other members of the classroom community. It is believed that this interaction will influence the way in which the parent works with their child and have a positive influence on their child's literacy growth.
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Albertyn, Ruth Meriel. "Conceptualisation and measurement of the empowerment of workers : an educational perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51662.
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Annexure is transcription of in-depth interviews.Dissertation (DPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2000.
Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the era of globalisation, demands for increased productivity and multiple skills present challenges to adult educators in their role of facilitating empowerment in individuals. The proposed link between productivity and empowerment has stimulated interest in the concept by management and there has to be accountability to ensure that the needs of individuals and organisations are balanced. The aim of designing a standardised measuring instrument comprised the first phase of this research. The questionnaire was compiled based on the outcomes of empowerment identified in the literature on three levels (Micro-level, Interface level and Macro-level). After exploratory testing, the summated ratings method was applied in order to reduce and standardise the questionnaire. This instrument was tested for validity and the questionnaire of 61 statements was retained for the experiment. The experiment was conducted in the second phase to measure the effects of an intervention on the empowerment of workers. The questionnaire was applied in the Pre-, Post- and Postpost- test design in eight companies in the Western Cape where the life-skills training programme FREE TO GROW was implemented. Qualitative data collected identified the outcomes of empowerment and also validated the measuring instrument. Statistical procedures applied identified the patterns of empowerment in respondents. The respondents in the experiment were mainly females and the mean age was 33.9 years. The majority were Afrikaans and most classified themselves as part of the Coloured ethnic group. The FREE TO GROW training programme succeeded in achieving the objective of empowerment because it was found that there was a statistically significant improvement in the empowerment status of workers both in the short and long term. Most of the total group was empowered on the Interface level prior to the course and on the Micro-level after the course and in the long term. The males were more empowered on the Macro-level before the course, but had increased sustained Interface-level empowerment. The females benefited most on the Micro-level directly after the course and in the long term. Before the course the Coloured group was more empowered on the Micro-level compared to the whites, but they benefited most on the Interface level directly after the course. The Coloured group and females had statistically significant higher scores on the Interface level in the long term. In terms of the patterns of empowerment, it was found that the Micro-level issues were dominant prior to the course with a greater spread of perception of the other aspects of empowerment over time. Before the course, the respondents tended to react to personal and family issues where no action was needed. They were motivated to achieve their goals and had a desire for control over aspects affecting them. Directly after the course they had a more positive view of life, a sense of personal responsibility, and an ability to cope. They were prepared to take the initiative, were more ambitious and felt confident of their abilities in the workplace. In the long term their experience of empowerment was more balanced and they felt good about themselves, were more assertive, able to think critically and more involved in issues external to themselves. The measuring instrument designed in this study measured the outcomes of empowerment on three levels and helped to identify the patterns that emerged over the course of an intervention. A standardised empowerment questionnaire can increase accountability, assist in balancing the needs of individuals and management, and can provide insights to educationalists seeking to empower adults.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:In die era van globalisering stel die vraag na verhoogde produktiwiteit en veelvuldige vaardighede groot uitdagings aan opvoedkundiges betrokke by volwassene-onderrig in hul rol as fasiliteerders van bemagtiging by individue. Die voorgestelde verb and tussen produktiwiteit en bemagtiging het bestuur se belangstelling in die konsep aangewakker en toerekenbaarheid is noodsaaklik ten einde te verseker dat die behoeftes van individue en organisasies in balans is. Die eerste fase van hierdie navorsing het die ontwerp van 'n gestandaardiseerde meetinstrument ten doel gehad. Die vraelys is saamgestel op grond van die uitkomste van bemagtiging op drie vlakke (Mikrovlak, Interpersoonlike-vlak en Makrovlak) soos in die literatuur geYdentifiseer. Na ondersoekende toetsing is die vraelys verkort en gestandaardiseer. Hierdie instrument is vir geldigheid getoets en die vraelys van 61 stellings is vir die eksperiment behou. In die tweede fase is die eksperiment uitgevoer om die uitwerking van 'n intervensie op die bemagtiging van werkers te meet. Die vraelys is in die voor- en na-toets en mi die na-toets in agt maatskappye in die Wes-Kaap toegepas waar die opleidingsprogram In lewensvaardighede, "FREE TO GROW', geYmplementeer is. Kwalitatiewe data wat ingesamel is het die resultate van bemagtiging geYdentifiseer en ook die geldigheid van die meetinstrument bekragtig. Statistiese prosedures wat toegepas is het die bemagtigingspatrone by respondente geYdentifiseer. Die respondente in die eksperiment was hoofsaaklik vroue en die gemiddelde ouderdom was 33.9 jaar. Die meeste was Afrikaanssprekend en het hulself as lede van die Kleurling etniese groep geklassifiseer. Die "FREE TO GROW' opleidingsprogram het daarin geslaag om die doelwit van bemagtiging te bereik, omdat daar op kort- en lang termyn 'n statisties beduidende verbetering in die bemagtigingstatus van werkers gevind is. Die meeste van die totale groep is voor die kursus op die Interpersoonlike-vlak bemagtig en na die kursus en op die lang termyn op die Mikrovlak. Die mans is voor die kursus meer op die Makrovlak bemagtig, maar het groter volgehoue Interpersoonlike-vlak bemagtiging getoon. Die vroue het onmiddellik na die kursus en op die lang termyn die meeste op die Mikrovlak gebaat. Voor die kursus was die Kleurlinggroep meer op die Mikrovlak bemagtig in vergelyking met die blankes, maar hulle het onmiddellik na die kursus die meeste op die Interpersoonlike-vlak gebaat. Die Kleurlinggroep en die vroue het op lang termyn statisties beduidend hoer tellings op die Interpersoonlike-vlak behaal. Wat bemagtigingpatrone betref, is bevind dat die Mikrovlak-kwessies voor die kursus oorheersend was, met 'n groter verspreiding van persepsie van die ander aspekte van bemagtiging oor tyd. Voor die kursus was die respondente geneig om op persoonlike en gesinsaangeleenthede te reageer wat geen aksies vereis het nie. Hulle was gemotiveer om hul doelwitte te bereik en het beheer verlang oor aspekte wat hulle geraak het. Onmiddellik na die kursus het hulle 'n meer positiewe uitkyk op die lewe en 'n persoonlike verantwoordelikheidsin gehad, en getoon dat hulle probleme kon hanteer. Hulle was bereid om die insiatief te neem, was meer ambisieus en het vertroue gehad in hul vermoens in die werkplek. Op die lang termyn was hul ervaring van bemagtiging meer gebalanseerd en hulle het goed gevoel oor hulself, was meer assertief, in staat tot kritiese denke en meer betrokke by aangeleenthede buite hulself. Die meetinstrument wat in hierdie studie ontwerp is, het die uitkoms van bemagtiging op drie vlakke gemeet en gehelp om die patrone wat oor die verloop van 'n intervensie na yore gekom het, te identifiseer. 'n Gestandaardiseerde bemagtigingsvraelys kan toerekenbaarheid verhoog, help om die behoeftes van individue en bestuur te balanseer, en insig bied aan opvoedkundiges wat poog om volwassenes te bemagtig.
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McCamey, Randy B. "The relationship between the reasons for participation in continuing professional education and the leader effectiveness of first-line supervisors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5535/.
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This research examined the reasons for participation in continuing professional education (CPE) and the predictive relationship of those motivational reasons to the perceived leadership effectiveness of first-line supervisors. For this study, 105 first-line supervisors were surveyed from four electric utility companies. Input was also collected from each supervisor's subordinate employees. Using the five motivational reasons for participation, collected via the Participation Reasons Scale and the effectiveness score collected using the Leader Behavior Analysis II®, regression techniques were used to asses the data. The five participation reasons of the PRS were regressed individually against the effectiveness scores to determine the extent to which leader effectiveness could be predicted by the participation reasons. In each case, the null hypothesis failed to be rejected. Regression of the five PRS reasons collectively on leader effectiveness also failed to reject the null, producing a p value of .800 and an R2 value of .023. An "all possible subsets" regression was conducted to determine whether a smaller subset of the five predictor variables might improve the predictive value of the participation reasons. No subset improved the predictive value. This study concludes that motivation to participate in CPE does not predict leader effectiveness. Thus, training organizations do not need to attempt to determine leader effectiveness based on underlying reasons individuals are motivated to participate, but rather should focus on the more traditional aspects of determining effectiveness most often associated with rigorous training evaluation processes. This study focused on the job role of first-line supervisor. Future research could be performed using: (a) populations of individuals from other traditional job roles including front-line employees (both unionized and non-unionized), mid-level managers, and executives; (b) leaders with and without prior training in situational leadership; and (c) effectiveness measure over time (i.e., a time-series method).
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Patet, Nisha. "Women in the construction labor force : women's participation in the construction sector in India /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020112/.
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Rikhotso, Rhandzavanhu Harris. "The challenges of community development workers in the implementation of the Community Development Workers’ Programme in Makhado Local Municipality, Limpopo Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85656.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The community development workers’ programme (CDWP) is a strategic policy intervention by government to address challenges of service delivery to communities. The purpose of the CDWP is to facilitate the removal of obstacles in the course of providing services to communities. The CDWP is located in local government. Its purpose is often misunderstood by the stakeholders, because of the perception that the programme is meant to deliver services like provision of water, electricity and other social services. In essence, the CDWP is meant to facilitate communication between government and communities in order to ensure that services are delivered effectively and efficiently. Some of the challenges faced in the Makhado Local Municipality relate to the lack of infrastructure maintenance initiatives, including expansion plans that are well funded. Massive backlogs of infrastructure and services remain in the areas of water and sanitation, energy provision, housing, social security and others. If these problems relating to infrastructure and access to services are not adequately addressed, it will be impossible for the implementation of the CDWP to be successful. It is, therefore, critical that the government as a whole, and working with the private sector, should develop a comprehensive programme that mobilises society through both public and private initiatives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by community development workers (CDWs) in the implementation of the CDWP in Makhado Local Municipality. A qualitative research paradigm was adopted for the study. A literature review, focus groups and interviews were employed within the context of structured questions formulated in line with the framework of the study. The above were meant to facilitate a response to the research question of the study, which sought to find out what the challenges was faced by CDWs in the implementation of the CDWP in Makhado Local Municipality. One of the recommendations of the study is that the CDWP should be integrated with the Makhado Local Municipality plans and budget in order to ensure that it is sustainable and meets its stated objectives. Once this is achieved, it will be possible to confidently say that: The introduction of CDWs is succeeding in addressing challenges of service delivery in the implementation of the CDWP Challenges of CDWs in municipalities are being resolved through the effective implementation of the CDWP If the CDWP can be implemented fully in the Makhado Local Municipality, challenges of service delivery can be resolved over a reasonable period. It is, therefore, critical that the CDWP should remain an intergovernmental programme that fosters planning and partnership between the public, as beneficiary, and the government as service provider.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers Program (GOWP) is ‘n strategiese beleidsintervensie deur die regering om uitdagings met betrekking tot dienslewering aan gemeenskappe aan te spreek. Die doel van die GOWP is om hindernisse tot dienslewering aan gemeenskappe uit die weg te ruim, en die program is binne die plaaslike regering gesetel. Misverstand oor die doel daarvan kom dikwels onder belanghebbendes voor vanweë die veronderstelling dat die program bedoel is om dienste soos die voorsiening van water, elektrisiteit en ander maatskaplike dienste te lewer. In wese is die GOWP bedoel om kommunikasie tussen die regering en gemeenskappe te bewerkstellig om te verseker dat dienste doeltreffend en effektief gelewer word. Uitdagings vir die Plaaslike Munisipaliteit van Makhado staan in verband met die gebrek aan inisiatiewe om infrastruktuur in stand te hou, insluitend goed befondste uitbreidingsplanne. ’n Massiewe agterstand van infrastruktuur en dienste bestaan steeds op die gebied van water en sanitasie, kragvoorsiening, behuising en sosiale sekerheid. Indien hierdie probleem met betrekking tot infrastruktuur en toegang tot dienste nie voldoende aangespreek word nie, sal die implementering van die GOWP geen sukses behaal nie. Dit is dus van uiterste belang dat die regering, in geheel, en met die samewerking van die private sektor, ‘n omvattende program ontwikkel wat die gemeenskap deur middel van openbare en private inisiatiewe mobiliseer. Die doel van die huidige studie was om die uitdagings waarvoor gemeenskapswerkers met die implementering van die gemeenskaps- ontwikkelingswerkers program in die Plaaslike Munisipaliteit van Makhado te staan kom, te ondersoek. ’n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsplan is vir die studie gebruik. ‘n Oorsig van die literatuur, fokusgroep en onderhoude is gebruik, met gestruktureerde vrae wat binne die raamwerk van die studie geformuleer is. Die vrae was bedoel om ‘n respons tot die navorsingsvraag oor die uitdagings wat deur die gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers met die implementering van die GOWP in Makhado ondervind word, te fasiliteer. Een van die aanbevelings van die studie is dat die GOWP by die planne en begroting van die Plaaslike Munisipaliteit van Makhado geïntegreer moet word om die onderhoubaarheid van die program te verseker en dat die gestelde doelwitte bereik word. Wanneer dit geskied, sal dit moontlik wees om te sê dat: Die instelling van die gemeenskapsontwikkerlingswerkers behaal sukses ten opsigte van die uitdagings van dienslewering binne die Gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers program. Die uitdagings aan gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers in die munisipaliteite word deur die effektiewe implementering van die GOWP oorkom. Indien die GOWP ten volle in die Makhado Munisipaliteit geïmplementeer kan word, kan die probleem rondom dienslewering binne ‘n redelike tydperk opgelos word. Dit is dus belangrik dat ‘n onderneming soos die program vir die gemeenskapsontwikkelingswerkers behoue bly as ‘n inter-regeringsprojek wat die vennootskap tussen mense en die regering ondersteun.
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Hochfellner, Daniela [Verfasser], Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Struck, Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Giesecke, and Sandra [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchholz. "Labor Market Participation of Older Workers: Employment beyond Retirement and Old Age Poverty / Daniela Hochfellner. Betreuer: Olaf Struck ; Johannes Giesecke ; Sandra Buchholz." Bamberg : Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105882290X/34.
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Gush, Karon Elizabeth. "Mothers, daughters and workers? An analysis of the relationship between women's family caring, social class and labour market participation in the UK." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601505.
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This thesis concerns the family caring that women do or do not do, coupled with the implications this has for the time they spend in paid work. Comprising three separate papers, each takes a new approach to the old problem of 'who cares?' and how this is related to UK women's lives in the 21st century. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study and the British Household Panel Survey, I analyse three separate aspects ofinfonnal family caring. Chapter 2 takes an innovative look at the evolution of women's work/family balance in light of demographic changes in the age of motherhood and life expectancy. The fmdings suggest that caring for parents and children simultaneously is linked to reduced labour market participation for older women and women with older parents. Chapters 3 and 4 both take a different approach from most studies in recognising the heterogeneity across various forms of eldercare and childcare. Chapter 3 examines the extent of class variation in the provision of different types of eldercare to parents and the results suggest that a certain types of support are socially patterned. Chapter 4 considers different childcare options and employer support in relation to the length oftime a mother takes to return to work post childbirth. The findings suggest that childcare usage by type is linked to timings of post-childbirth returns into full- and part-time work. The results also suggest that the extent to which a work-place is family-friendly can also influence the speed of return.
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Sjöström, John. "Det komplexa deltagandet : Praktikgemenskaper, kunskapsprocesser och arbetsmiljöarbete vid ett pappersbruk." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100656.
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Arbetsmiljölagen ger anställda och deras representanter, skyddsombuden, rätt att delta i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbete som arbetsgivaren har skyldighet att arrangera. Forskning om deltagande har i stor utsträckning varit fokuserad påstrukturella och organisatoriska förutsättningar för anställdas deltagande. Mycket tyder dock på att anställda inte utnyttjar sina starka rättigheter. Avhandlingens analyserar arbetsmiljödeltagandet genom en fallstudie på ett pappersbruk med väl etablerade organisatoriska strukturer för deltagande i syfte att förklara deltagandets grunder bortom de strukturella villkoren. Syfte är att förstå varför anställda inte i avsedd omfattning utnyttjar de möjligheter till arbetsmiljöinflytande som lagstiftning och goda strukturella villkor ger. Avhandlingen visar hur anställda i stor utsträckning handskas med arbetets risker och belastningar genom sin kollektivt utvecklade kompetens, förståelse och ansvar för varandra och i mindre utsträckning genom att interagera med arbetsgivaren genom arbetsmiljödeltagande. Etienne Wengers begrepp ”praktikgemenskaper” används i avhandlingen tillsammans med Paavo Bergmans analys av lagarbete och betydelsen av processpecifik kompetens för att klarlägga de sociala processer för meningsskapande som betingar anställdas deltagande i arbetsmiljöarbetet. Med Lysgaards begrepp ”arbetarkollektivet” visar också avhandlingen på betydelsen av maktrelationerna mellan operatörer och arbetsgivare för möjligheterna att etablera en gemensam kunskapsprocess kring arbetsmiljö genom de former för arbetsmiljödeltagande som var etablerade på pappersbruket.Swedish law gives employees, and their representatives, rights to participate in the employer’s systematic occupational health and safety management. Research on worker participation in OHSM has mainly focused on structural conditions for participation such as organisational arrangements, industrial relations, or union support. There are however indications that employees do not use their strong legal rights. The aim of the present thesis is to understand the prerequisites and conditions for worker OHSM participation, seen here as a joint knowledge process for work environment issues. More precisely, the thesis aims to analyse the significance of workers’ local and situated knowledge, the construction of participative practices, and the problems and advantages of representative participation. The thesis also aims to explain the paradox that favourable structural conditions for participation are only partly used by the workers, despite evident risks at work. The empirical basis is a case study at a paper mill. The mill was chosen as its OHSM to a large extent fulfils what research claims are necessary structural conditions for effective participation. To understand the possibilities and problems of such participation, the analysis uses a combination of three theoretical perspectives on work and (situated) knowledge: Etienne Wenger’s (1998) approach to communities of practice; Paavo Bergman’s (1995) analysis of teamwork in the process industry; and Sverre Lysgaard’s (1961) theory of the workers’ collective.
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Bezerra, Carla de Paiva. "Do poder popular ao modo petista de governar: mudanças no significado da participação para o Partido dos Trabalhadores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-06102014-105726/.
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Desde a formação do Partido dos Trabalhadores, a diretriz da participação ocupa centralidade em seu programa político, dentro de uma concepção de democracia que engloba as dimensões econômica e política. A partir das eleições de 1982, o PT lança um mote que o acompanharia ao longo de sua história: governar com participação popular e inversão de prioridades, chave que sintetiza a forma como o partido valoriza a democracia e a justiça social. No entanto, há uma mudança substantiva no significado da participação para o PT entre 1980 e 2002. Na década de 1980, a proposta era de governar por Conselhos Populares, com objetivo de construir um governo dos trabalhadores. A visão é a de que os governantes delegariam seu poder decisório a tais conselhos. Já na década de 1990, com a gradual expansão de governos municipais, temos a conformação do modo petista de governar. Nele o Orçamento Participativo desponta como o principal, embora não o único, mecanismo de participação da sociedade junto aos governos locais. Por fim, o início dos anos 2000 é marcado pela conquista do executivo federal pelo PT, no qual os Conselhos e Conferências passam a ser as grandes marcas da participação, havendo um silenciamento sobre o Orçamento Participativo, outrora defendido no plano nacional. A participação aqui cumpre um papel de fiscalização e controle, além de auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas por meio de uma escuta forte do Estado. Alegamos que as mudanças no significado da participação para o PT são provocadas pela adaptação do Partido a constrangimentos institucionais relacionados à ocupação de novas arenas políticas. Tais mudanças são permeadas por conflitos partidários: seja entre seus grupos internos, seja entre aqueles que ocupam diferentes espaços de atuação: governo, estrutura partidária e movimentos sociais. Utilizamos como referenciais teóricos as contribuições do neoinstitucionalismo histórico, do polity approach e da Teoria do Processo Político.Since the foundation of the Brazilian Workers Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT), its participation guideline has occupied a central role in its political program, which is based on an idea of democracy that involves both the economic and political dimensions. In the 1982 elections, PT launched a motto that would follow throughout its history: to govern with popular participation and inversion of priorities, which summarizes the partys values of democracy and social justice. However, between 1980 and 2002, there was substantive change in the meaning of the term participation for the Workers Party. In the 1980s, the party proposed to rule by popular councils, in order to build a workers government. The vision was that the rulers would delegate their decision power to such structures. In the 1990s, with the gradual expansion of PT in municipal governments, it is forged the PT way of governing (modo petista de governar) in which the Participatory Budgeting (Orçamento Participativo, OP) emerges as the main, though not the only, mechanism of social participation within its local governments. Finally, the early 2000s, marked by the rise of PT to the federal executive, Councils and Conferences became the major mechanisms of participation, with a silencing about the OP, once advocated to be implemented in national level. Here, participation plays a role of supervision, accountability and collaboration in developing public policies through a strong listening of the state. We argue that changes in the meaning of participation for the PT were caused by the adaptation of the party to institutional constraints related to the new political arenas it occupied. Such changes are permeated by partisan conflicts: whether between its internal groups, or among those who occupy different areas of activity such as government, party structure and social movements. We have used as theoretical frameworks the contributions of the historical neo-institutionalism, the polity approach and the contentious politics.
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Chapman, Hilary S. "Overcoming barriers to participation in training : lessons from the home health care workers of 1199/SEIU, New York's Health and Human Services Union." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50128.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72).
This thesis explores the barriers to participation in the 1199 Home Care Industry Bill Michelson Education Fund (Home Care Education Fund). The Home Care Education Fund is structured as a Taft-Hartley, joint labor-management training fund to provide skills upgrading opportunities to unionized home care workers. It is the only such fun in the United States devoted exclusively to home care workers. Home care is a growing sector of the health care industry, and home attendants and home health aides are projected to be among the fastest-growing occupations in the following decade, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Home care workers are also some of the most economically disadvantaged workers in the health care sector, earning poverty-level wages and, with the exception of 1199/SEIU members, lacking health insurance and pension benefits. Three sets of stakeholder groups were interviewed for this thesis: home care workers, who participated in a series of focus group meetings and personal interviews; home care agency employers; and Home Care Education Fund and ETJSP staff members. A written survey instrument was implemented to home care agency employers regarding their staffing levels and training benefits to supplement personal interviews. Each group articulated a coherent set of barriers facing home care workers, with unique challenges facing the agency employers and Education Fund staff in meeting the workers' needs. It is argued that shared interests bind these groups together and that a considerable overlap exists between the provision of quality medical care, welfare and job training policies. Further, there is an urgent need to support a frontline, marginalized workforce that is caring for thousands of disabled and elderly clients on a daily basis. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to identify those key barriers that prevent participation in the Home Care Education Fund so that staff and trustees may work together to tailor their services to meet their unique needs. It concludes with supporting recommendations for workforce development policy.
by Hilary Sharpless Chapman.
M.C.P.
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Mokgoro, Ellen Moakohi. "The perceptions of management and workers on worker participation programmes." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5006.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate
different forms of worker participation programmes and their
implementation in selected countries including South
Africa. Another objective was to study perceptions of
managers and workers on forms of participation at two mining
companies in South Africa, namely Vaal Reefs and Ergo Mines.
The two mines were selected because they had dissimilar
characteristics which would affect attitudes differently.
Vaal Reefs Mine had a well established trade union movement
whereas Ergo Mine was not very strongly unionised.
The study focused on a comparison between the attitudes of
managers and supervisors toward worker participation, at
both mines. At Ergo Mine there was no statistically
significant difference between the mean scores of managers
and supervisors on a large number of variables which was not
the case at Vaal Reefs Mine. The results seem to indicate
that at Vaal Reefs, supervisors tended to identify with
workers on the shop-floor. Workers at Ergo Mine seemed to
prefer direct forms of participation whereas the workers at
Vaal Reefs Mine seemed to want to participate in management
decision through trade union representation and other forms
of indirect participation.
The main conclusion was that the form of worker
participation in a particular environment depends to a large
extent, on historical and prevailing conditions.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1995.