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Journal articles on the topic 'Workers' theater – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Giamporcaro, Stephanie, and Marilize Putter. "Lonmin Plc: mining and responsible investment – dangerous liaisons?" Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2017-0045.

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Subject area The case presents a responsible investment dilemma case. Swedish institutional responsible investors have to make a choice about their investment in Lonmin, a platinum mining company whose operation are located in South Africa and has been the theatre of workers’ killings. Study level/applicability The case targets MBA students and can be taught in a corporate finance course, a corporate governance course, a business ethics course or on sustainable and responsible investment. Case overview The teaching case follows the journey of Hilde Svensson, the head of equities for a Swedish responsible investor. She has been tasked to visit the site of Lonmin in South Africa which is the theatre of a tragic workers’ unrest that led to the killings of 44 workers in August 2012. She must decide what the best responsible investment strategy is to adopt with Lonmin for the future. Expected learning outcomes The students are expected to learn about what responsible investment entails and the dilemmas that can be faced by responsible investors. The case also gives insight to business students and the complexities of environment, social and governance (ESG) analysis and how to integrate financial and ESG analysis when you are a responsible investor. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CCS 1: Accounting and Finance

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2

Muchesa, P., M. Leifels, L. Jurzik, T. G. Barnard, and C. Bartie. "Free-living amoebae isolated from a hospital water system in South Africa: a potential source of nosocomial and occupational infection." Water Supply 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.106.

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This study investigated the occurrence of free-living amoebae (FLA) in a public hospital in South Africa. A total of 97 water and biofilm samples from the municipal water inlet of the hospital, theatres, theatre sterilization service unit, central sterilization service unit, endoscopy/gastroscopy unit, intensive care unit and the renal unit were collected and examined for the presence of FLA using an amoebal co-culture and molecular techniques. Of the 97 samples, 77 (79.4%), 40 (52%) water and 37 (48.1%) biofilm, contained FLA. The genera Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba (formerly Hartmanella) and Naegleria were detected by morphology, 18S rRNA PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequence analyses. Further sequence analysis of the five Acanthamoeba-positive isolates revealed a close resemblance with the potentially pathogenic T20 genotype. These results show a potential health risk to immuno-compromised patients and health care workers as some of the species detected are pathogenic and may harbor potential intracellular bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections. To date, this is the first report on the detection of potentially pathogenic amoebae from South African hospital water systems.

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3

Breitinger, Eckhard, Rolf Solberg, and Albert Wertheim. "Theater in South Africa." African Studies Review 44, no. 3 (December 2001): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525595.

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4

Mda, Z. "Theater and Reconciliation in South Africa." Theater 25, no. 3 (December 1, 1995): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-25-3-38.

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5

Baker, Beathur. "South Africa: Health workers' strike." Lancet 340, no. 8814 (August 1992): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)92371-l.

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6

Parent, S. N., R. Ehrlich, V. Baxter, N. Kannemeyer, and A. Yassi. "Participatory theatre and tuberculosis: a feasibility study with South African health care workers." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.16.0399.

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7

Schechner, Richard. "A Tale of a Few Cities: Interculturalism on the Road." New Theatre Quarterly 7, no. 28 (November 1991): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00006011.

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This is a personal record of a theatre worker's journey to places where theatre is inextricably mixed with politics — or is no less significantly divorced from social concerns. Visiting mainland China and South Africa in the summer of 1990, Richard Schechner records how theatre people confronted the aftermath of major political upheavals – the crushing of hopes in Tiananmen Square, and the perhaps deceptive raising of them following the release of Nelson Mandela. His trip also took in the widely different perspectives and problems of Taiwan, where pluralism struggles (almost unnoticed in the West) to displace an ageing autocracy. Richard Schechner teaches at New York University, and recently returned to the editorial chair at The Drama Review, the journal he conducted through its vintage years in the 'sixties – at the same time creating the Performance Group, and beginning his researches into theatre and anthropology, the field in which he has published widely and innovatively in the interim.

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8

Coplan, David, and Veit Erlmann. "Iscathamiya: Zulu Workers Choirs in South Africa." Ethnomusicology 34, no. 2 (1990): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/851709.

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9

Stott, R. "Support for Health Workers of South Africa." Journal of Medical Ethics 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.12.3.167.

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10

Rutherford, Blair, and Lincoln Addison. "Zimbabwean Farm Workers in Northern South Africa." Review of African Political Economy 34, no. 114 (December 2007): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240701819491.

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11

Brink, Andre. "Challenge and Response: The Changing Face of Theater in South Africa." Twentieth Century Literature 43, no. 2 (1997): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/441567.

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12

Kruger, L. "So What's New? Women and Theater in the "New South Africa"." Theater 25, no. 3 (December 1, 1995): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-25-3-46.

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13

Gould, Chandré. "Sex Trafficking and Prostitution in South Africa." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 653, no. 1 (March 28, 2014): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716214521557.

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This article examines the complex arrangements within which women working in prostitution in South Africa find themselves, and documents their resilience in a hazardous work environment. Findings are drawn from a survey and in-depth interviews with sex workers in Cape Town that investigated the nature and extent of human trafficking in the sex industry, and from a separate survey of sex workers during the World Cup in South Africa in 2010. The findings provide the basis for a critique of Western rescue missions and the larger antitrafficking movement.

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14

Prentki, Tim. "Any Color of the Rainbow—As Long as It's Gray: Dramatic Learning Spaces in Postapartheid South Africa." African Studies Review 51, no. 3 (December 2008): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0086.

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Abstract:This article addresses the issue of the relationship between contemporary South African politics and the type of socially committed theater that might be capable of mounting a critique of those politics. The author highlights the contradictions between the aspirations of the Freedom Charter and the realities of subscribing to the neoliberal world order. His contention is that any theater form that is seeking cultural intervention must find a way of representing contradiction if it is to remain true to the experiences of its audiences and its participants. Such a representation can be achieved through a combination of Bertolt Brecht's praxis in relation to contradiction and current practices in Theatre for Development, which themselves draw upon aspects of the antiapartheid resistance theater.

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15

Rossouw, Theresa M., Marietjie Van Rooyen, J. Murray Louw, and Karin Louise Richter. "Blood-borne infections in healthcare workers in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 104, no. 11 (July 1, 2014): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.8518.

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16

Engelbrecht, Lambert Karel. "Towards authentic supervision of social workers in South Africa." Clinical Supervisor 38, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07325223.2019.1587728.

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17

Pratt, Karen, and Mandisa Mbaligontsi. "Transactional Analysis Transforms Community Care Workers in South Africa." Transactional Analysis Journal 44, no. 1 (January 2014): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0362153714531723.

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18

Oliveira, Elsa. "Volume 44: Research with sex workers in South Africa." Agenda 32, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2018.1438974.

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19

Griffin, Laura. "Unravelling Rights: ‘Illegal’ Migrant Domestic Workers in South Africa." South African Review of Sociology 42, no. 2 (June 2011): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2011.582349.

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20

Shah, S. "Breastfeeding Knowledge Among Health Workers in Rural South Africa." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmh071.

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21

Grundy, Kenneth W. "Quasi-State Censorship in South Africa: The Performing Arts Councils and Politicized Theater." Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society 24, no. 3 (September 1994): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10632921.1994.9941771.

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22

Morgan, Eric J. "The World Is Watching: Polaroid and South Africa." Enterprise & Society 7, no. 3 (September 2006): 520–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700004390.

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This article examines the Polaroid Corporation’s “experiment” in South Africa during the 1970s, which began after African American workers pressured the company to pull its operations out of South Africa in protest of the white minority government’s apartheid policies. It argues that Polaroid’s initiatives, little studied until now, led other American companies to question their presence in South Africa and inspired both student divestment movements at Harvard and other colleges and universities and the efforts of Leon Sullivan, whose 1977 “Sullivan Principles” urged American companies to treat their workers in South Africa as they would treat their counterparts in the United States in an effort to battle racism and apartheid. Despite Polaroid’s efforts, engagement with South Africa and apartheid proved futile, which initiated a larger movement to completely disengage from South Africa.

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23

Holtzhausen, Leon, and Emmerenti Oliphant. "Migrant Workers in South Africa and the United Arab Emirates." International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities, and Nations: Annual Review 8, no. 5 (2008): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1447-9532/cgp/v08i05/39642.

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24

Kaseke, Edwell. "Repositioning social workers in South Africa for a developmental state." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815594216.

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South Africa’s intention is to build a developmental state. A developmental state can promote both social development and economic development. The author argues that social workers need to ensure that the developmental state prioritizes social development.

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25

Thatcher, Andrew, Gisela Wretschko, and James Fisher. "Problematic Internet Use among Information Technology Workers in South Africa." CyberPsychology & Behavior 11, no. 6 (December 2008): 785–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0223.

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26

Donald, Fiona M., and Lerato Mahlatji. "Domestic Workers' Experiences of Power and Oppression in South Africa." Journal of Psychology in Africa 16, no. 2 (January 2006): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2006.10820124.

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27

White, Neil W., Runjan Chetty, and Eric D. Bateman. "Silicosis among gemstone workers in South Africa: Tiger's-eye pneumoconiosis." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 19, no. 2 (1991): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700190208.

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28

Hall, Ruth, Poul Wisborg, Shirhami Shirinda, and Phillan Zamchiya. "Farm Workers and Farm Dwellers in Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Agrarian Change 13, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12002.

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29

van de Ruit, Catherine. "Social Work Professionalism During and After Apartheid in South Africa." Sociology of Development 3, no. 3 (2017): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2017.3.3.273.

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Professionalism is an ideal defined as the norms or values that orient the work of an occupation. In practice, research derived from country settings in the Global North shows how the ideal of professionalism competes with market and bureaucratic priorities. Less is known about how professionalism is nurtured or subjugated to market and bureaucratic institutions in postcolonial contexts in the Global South. This paper takes up the study of factors that promote or constrain professionalism in one postcolonial setting by contrasting South African social worker professionalism during and after apartheid. In the wake of calls for international research that is historically-grounded and sensitive to local context, data drawn from archival research and ethnographic fieldwork finds that social workers are prevented from asserting their professional values as a unified profession due to enduring race divisions in the profession. Another legacy of apartheid is the profession's dependency on the state for funding social worker salaries, which constrains social workers ability to assert professional values independent of the state's agenda. Finally, the organizational context employing social workers creates uneven opportunities for social workers to assert their professional values through policy advocacy.

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30

Wiltshire, Anne Hilda. "Labour turnover and considerations around work: temporary farm workers in South Africa." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 1/2 (March 12, 2018): 2–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-07-2016-0082.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to delineates workers’ labour turnover and considerations around work, in a context of informalisation of work, through a case study of temporary non-resident farm workers in the deciduous fruit sector in Ceres, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The research design is a three-phase exploratory sequential mixed-methods strategy. Findings from 29 in-depth interviews were refined, verified and ranked in four focus groups. These informed grounded indicators in a survey of 200 farm workers employed in peak season and their 887 household members. Findings Considerations are informed by work-related insecurities, interpersonal workplace relationships and reproductive insecurity in the form of care of others, social linkages and residential insecurity, seemingly hierarchical. The least important considerations most thwart workers’ ability to complete fixed-term contracts and account for over 70 per cent of labour turnover in the form of resignations. In sum, workers experience constrained considerations around work arising from their material, social and economic conditions. Originality/value This is the first study on the labour turnover of farm workers in South Africa and the fifth globally. The research gives precedence to the voice of farm workers and is a thick description of workers’ considerations around work.

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31

International Labour Law Reports On, Editors. "SOUTH AFRICA: Constitutional Court of South Africa Transport and Allied Workers Union of South Africa v. Public Utility Transport Corporation Ltd [2016] BLLR 537 (CC)." International Labour Law Reports Online 35, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116028-90000147.

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32

KRIKLER, JEREMY. "RURAL MASTERS AND URBAN MILITANTS IN EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY SOUTH AFRICA." Historical Journal 60, no. 3 (April 12, 2017): 771–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000352.

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AbstractWhite farmers in South Africa, a landowning class that subordinated black tenants and workers, also participated in the suppression of white workers’ movements before and after the First World War. This article explores how class interest limited and then overrode the farmers’ expected ethnic and political solidarities. It focuses especially on the contradictory ways in which farmers related to the great mineworkers’ strike and rebellion of 1922. Some contemporaries expected that racial solidarity, Afrikaner nationalism, and familial links would lead landowners to side, even militarily, with the white workers. Appeals were made to farmers by both sides of the struggle in 1922, and there was some significant support for the strikers from them. But the upheaval ran counter to landowners’ interests, notably by dislocating their primary urban market at a time of severe economic difficulty. In the end, farmers rode once more into the towns against the workers.

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33

Kenny, Bridget. "Walmart in South Africa: Precarious Labor and Retail Expansion." International Labor and Working-Class History 86 (2014): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547914000167.

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In 2011 Walmart's bid to buy a controlling stake in South Africa's Massmart Holdings, Inc. went before the country's Competition Commission and Competition Tribunal, both of which would determine whether to grant the merger outright or to place conditions on it. Massmart Holdings comprises a number of branded subsidiaries in the South African market, including Walmart-style general merchandise dealers, electronics retailers, do-it-yourself building suppliers, and food wholesalers—Game, Dion, Builder's Warehouse, and Makro, respectively—as well as the more recently acquired food retailer, Cambridge Food. South African unions, most prominently the South African Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union (Saccawu), with support from the Global Union Federation UNI Global and, in the United States, the United Food and Commercial Workers, fought the merger.

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34

Schultz, T. Paul, and Germano Mwabu. "Labor Unions and the Distribution of Wages and Employment in South Africa." ILR Review 51, no. 4 (July 1998): 680–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100407.

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Few countries have higher wage inequality than South Africa, where wages of African and white workers differ by a factor of five. Using survey data collected in 1993, the authors analyze the complex effect of unions on this wage gap. Among male African workers in the bottom decile of the wage distribution, union membership was associated with wages that were 145% higher than those of comparable nonunion workers, and among those in the top decile the differential was 19%. Regression estimates also indicate that returns to observed productive characteristics of workers, such as education and experience, were larger for nonunion than union workers. If the large union relative wage effect were cut in half, the authors estimate that employment of African youth, age 16–29, would increase by two percentage points, and their labor force participation rate would also increase substantially.

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35

Cohen, Tamara, and Luendree Moodley. "Achieving "decent work" in South Africa?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2490.

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The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies. The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism. This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.

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36

Kootbodien, Tahira, Kerry Wilson, Nonhlanhla Tlotleng, Vusi Ntlebi, Felix Made, David Rees, and Nisha Naicker. "Tuberculosis Mortality by Occupation in South Africa, 2011–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122756.

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Work-related tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. The use of vital registration data for monitoring TB deaths by occupation has been unexplored in South Africa. Using underlying cause of death and occupation data for 2011 to 2015 from Statistics South Africa, age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated for all persons of working age (15 to 64 years) by the direct method using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate mortality odds ratios (MORs) for occupation groups, adjusting for age, sex, year of death, province of death, and smoking status. Of the 221,058 deaths recorded with occupation data, 13% were due to TB. ASMR for TB mortality decreased from 165.9 to 88.8 per 100,000 population from 2011 to 2015. An increased risk of death by TB was observed among elementary occupations: agricultural labourers (MORadj = 3.58, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.96–4.32), cleaners (MORadj = 3.44, 95% CI 2.91–4.09), and refuse workers (MORadj = 3.41, 95% CI 2.88–4.03); among workers exposed to silica dust (MORadj = 3.37, 95% CI 2.83–4.02); and among skilled agricultural workers (MORadj = 3.31, 95% CI 2.65–4.19). High-risk TB occupations can be identified from mortality data. Therefore, TB prevention and treatment policies should be prioritised in these occupations.

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37

Nwauche, E. S. "ADMINISTRATIVE BIAS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 8, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2005/v8i1a2832.

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This article reviews the interpretation of section 6(2)(a)ii of the Promotion of Administrative Justice Act which makes an administrator “biased or reasonably suspected of bias” a ground of judicial review. In this regard, the paper reviews the determination of administrative bias in South Africa especially highlighting the concept of institutional bias. The paper notes that inspite of the formulation of the bias ground of review the test for administrative bias is the reasonable apprehension test laid down in the case of President of South Africa v South African Rugby Football Union(2) which on close examination is not the same thing. Accordingly the paper urges an alternative interpretation that is based on the reasonable suspicion test enunciated in BTR Industries South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Metal and Allied Workers Union and R v Roberts. Within this context, the paper constructs a model for interpreting the bias ground of review that combines the reasonable suspicion test as interpreted in BTR Industries and R v Roberts, the possibility of the waiver of administrative bias, the curative mechanism of administrative appeal as well as some level of judicial review exemplified by the jurisprudence of article 6(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights, especially in the light of the contemplation of the South African Magistrate Court as a jurisdictional route of judicial review.

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38

Dunkle, K. L., M. E. Beksinska, V. H. Rees, R. C. Ballard, Ye Htun, and M. L. Wilson. "Risk factors for HIV infection among sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462053420220.

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Our objective was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection among female sex workers in Johannesburg, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey of female sex workers was conducted using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Prevalent sexually transmitted infections including HIV were evaluated through standard laboratory testing. HIV infection was identified in 137 (46.4%) of 295 subjects tested. Increasing frequency of condom use was significantly negatively associated with HIV infection (odds ratio [OR] for moderate use = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.09, 0.50]; OR for high use = 0.14; 95% CI: [0.06, 0.34]). Sex workers aged ≥29 years reported significantly different patterns of behaviour than younger workers. Among women aged ≥29, a negative association with HIV infection (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.38]) was found, but only among those not infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Older women in the Johannesburg sex industry may have adaptive behavioural strategies besides condom usage which reduce their risk of acquiring HIV. However, older sex workers with gonorrhoea constitute a high-risk subgroup.

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39

Okpechi, Ikechi G., Brian L. Rayner, and Charles R. Swanepoel. "Peritoneal Dialysis in Cape Town, South Africa." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 32, no. 3 (May 2012): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2011.00100.

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BackgroundChronic kidney disease is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which encompasses 70% of the least-developed countries in the world. Most people in SSA have no access to any form of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Given its ease of performance and patient independence, peritoneal dialysis (PD) should be an ideal form of RRT in SSA, but several complex and interdependent factors make PD a difficult option in SSA. The present review describes the practice of PD in SSA, with emphasis on Cape Town, South Africa.Methods and ResultsAfter a review of the recent PubMed literature on RRT in SSA and an appraisal of nephrology practice in South Africa, factors that make the provision of RRT (especially PD) a challenge in SSA include the low number of qualified health care workers, socio-demographic issues (poor housing, electricity, and water supplies), and the cost of PD fluids in the region. Although South Africa has the largest PD population in all of SSA, the growth of PD in South Africa is specifically impeded by the system of RRT rationing, which favors HD; the methods of funding for dialysis and for remuneration of doctors in private practice; and many other socio-economic factors. The peritonitis rate remains relatively high, and it is a significant contributor to morbidity in PD patients in Cape Town.ConclusionsIn many parts of SSA, PD could be the main dialysis modality. However, African governments must start taking responsibility for their people by providing adequate funds for renal replacement programs. Attempts to produce PD fluids locally and to train and educate health care workers will greatly improve the use of PD as a RRT option in SSA.

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40

LUND, Francie. "Hierarchies of care work in South Africa: Nurses, social workers and home-based care workers." International Labour Review 149, no. 4 (December 2010): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913x.2010.00100.x.

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41

Aziz, Ahmad Khalil. "Islamic Resurgence in South Africa." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 3 (October 1, 1996): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i3.2311.

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The contemporary Islamic resurgence and spirit of pan-lslamism thatare being experienced today throughout the world did not come aboutovernight. They are the results of two counterforces operative in any giveperiod of time. On the one hand, there was the deconstructionist force, inthe form of the colonial and imperial forces that sought to destroy theIslamic value system. On the other hand, there was the reconstructionistforce of 'ulama haqq and the Sufi shaykhs, who served as the prime stiinulatorsof the reform impusle and of change in the religiopolitical outlookof Muslims throughout the world.Islam in South AfricaSouth Africa has played a forceful role in maintaining Islam's dynamicposition for about three centuries. The picturesque activities of the earlierulama (in the broadest sense of the word)-particularly the Sufi shaykhs- andearly imams laid the foundations for the contemporary Islamic resurgencein South Africa, as seen in the Musliin Youth Movement and suchother da'wah movements as the Call of Islam. Past workers and presentmovements have been religiopolitical positivists and activists. From theoutset, Muslims needed to reconstruct Islamic education and maintain themomentum of revivalism and resurgence activities.The Dutch East India Company and English East IndiaCompany: A Deconstructionist ForceThe East India Company refers to any of a number of commercialenterprises formed in Western Europe during the seventeenth and eighteenthcenturies to further trade with the East Indies. These companies weregiven charters by their respective governments to acquire territory whereverthey could and to exercise therein various governmental functions,including legislation, the issuance of currency, the negotiation of treaties,the waging of war, and the administration of justice ...

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Kootbodien, Tahira, Kerry Wilson, Nonhlanhla Tlotleng, and Nisha Naicker. "P.3.15 Suicide trends by occupation in south africa, 1997 to 2016." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A100.1—A100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.274.

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BackgroundThe risk of suicide varies across occupations. However information is limited in South Africa. Surveillance data are vital to raise awareness of suicide risk for effective interventions in workplaces.MethodTo assess trends in suicide-related mortality by occupation, we analysed underlying cause of death data and occupation information from vital registration data from Statistics South Africa. Suicide (X60-X84) was coded using the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Occupation groups were based on the South African Standard Classification of Occupations (SASCO) groups: (1) managers, (2) professionals, (3) technicians, (4) clerks, (5) service workers, (6) skilled agricultural and fishery workers, (7) craft and related trade workers, (8) plant and machine operators and (9) elementary occupations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate mortality odds ratios (MOR) for occupation groups in men and women, adjusting for age, year of death, education level, marital status and province of death.ResultsThe 20 year study examined 7 113 episodes of suicide in South Africa of all persons of working age from 1997 to 2016. Deaths by suicide increased from 1997 (n=93, 0.05%) to 2016 (n=389, 0.15%, nptrend, p<0.001). Among men, the risk of suicide was highest in skilled agricultural and fishery workers (MOR=3.0, 95% CI 1.75–5.16). Among women, risk of suicide were highest in skilled agricultural and fishery workers (MOR=2.7, 95% CI 1.03–6.84) and clerical workers (MOR=2.40, 95% CI 1.29–4.46).ConclusionThe results show that agricultural and fishery workers are at highest risk of suicide in men and women of working-age. There is a need for future studies to investigate explanations for the observed differences across occupations, particularly in people employed in lower skill-level groups.

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Van Wyk, Christo. "Hiv/aids-related Stigma, Discrimination and Workers’ Rights in South Africa." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 4, no. 10 (2009): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v04i10/53009.

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Marx, Anthony W., and Gay Seidman. "Manufacturing Militance: Workers' Movements in Brazil and South Africa, 1970-1985." Contemporary Sociology 24, no. 2 (March 1995): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076860.

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RAMJEE, GITA, SALIM S. ABDOOL KARIM, and ADRIAAN W. STURM. "Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sex Workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 25, no. 7 (August 1998): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-199808000-00004.

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Gounden, Y. P., and J. Moodley. "Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus among healthcare workers in South Africa." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 69, no. 3 (June 2000): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)00207-1.

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Govender, Nelesh P., Tsidiso G. Maphanga, Thokozile G. Zulu, Jaymati Patel, Sibongile Walaza, Charlene Jacobs, Joy I. Ebonwu, Sindile Ntuli, Serisha D. Naicker, and Juno Thomas. "An Outbreak of Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis among Mine-Workers in South Africa." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9, no. 9 (September 25, 2015): e0004096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004096.

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Bowen, Paul, Rajen Govender, Peter Edwards, and Keith Cattell. "HIV testing of construction workers in the Western Cape, South Africa." AIDS Care 27, no. 9 (April 17, 2015): 1150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1032877.

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Malotle, M. M., J. M. Spiegel, A. Yassi, D. Ngubeni, L. M. O'Hara, P. A. Adu, E. A. Bryce, N. Mlangeni, G. S. M. Gemell, and M. Zungu. "Occupational tuberculosis in South Africa: are health care workers adequately protected?" Public Health Action 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.17.0070.

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Eakin, Marshall C., and Gay W. Seidman. "Manufacturing Militance: Workers' Movements in Brazil and South Africa, 1970-1985." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 2 (May 1995): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517366.

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