Relevant bibliographies by topics / Workhouse children

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Workhouse children'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Workhouse children"

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Gallaher, Simon A. "Children and Families in the Workhouse Populations of the Antrim, Ballymena, and Ballymoney Poor Law Unions in the Mid Nineteenth Century." Local Population Studies, no. 99 (December 31, 2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps99.2017.81.

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This article is a workhouse population study of the Antrim, Ballymena, and Ballymoney Poor Law Unions in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1850–1851 and 1860–1861. Under the Irish Poor Law, the workhouse was the central institution for the welfare of the destitute poor during the nineteenth century. Beyond national trends and a broad regional framework, however, little is known of how workhouse populations varied at the local level or the place of poor relief within the economies of makeshifts of individuals and families. The article draws upon statistical returns to show that changes in the workhouse populations in this area of Ulster diverged from the national pattern as a consequence of local economic and social conditions. The familial circumstances of children in these workhouses are explored through analysis of the admission and discharge registers. Far from presenting a monolithic group, children were admitted to the workhouses in a wide variety of family forms which used the workhouses of this locality in multiple ways.
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LLM., Frank Bates. "Children as Property: Hindsight and Foresight." Children Australia 13, no. 2 (1988): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000001855.

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“Peter had heard there were in London then, -Still have they being? - workhouse - clearing men Who, undisturbed by feelings just or kind, Would parish-boys to needy tradesmen bind: They in their want a trifling sum would take And toiling slaves of piteous orphans make”(George Crabbe, ‘The Poor of the Borough: Peter Grimes’ Letter 22, The Borough, 1812)Although these well-known lines from George Crabbe's poem The Borough, refer to the practice of workhouses, in essence, selling children (a similar instance, may of course, be found in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens), it is equally clear that the practice was not confined to the workhouse. Although the workhouse may have been the ultimate Victorian method of dealing with poverty and certain types of dysfunctional family (Henriques, 1979), there can equally be no doubt that the practice was not thereto restricted. It is the purpose of this article to consider, albeit briefly, the more obvious manifestations of children as property in Nineteenth Century social history and to inquire as to how far those attitudes are still pertinent to Anglo-Australian law.
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Gritt, Andy, and Peter Park. "The Workhouse Populations of Lancashire in 1881." Local Population Studies, no. 86 (June 30, 2011): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps86.2011.37.

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This article investigates the characteristics of the workhouse populations in Lancashire in 1881. The analysis is based on the snapshot view provided by the 1881 census and, despite the limitations of such an approach, this large-scale survey reveals significant variations in the experience of poverty and local relief policies in a largely industrial region that had been at the forefront of the anti-poor law movement. The workhouse populations are shown to be diverse, and contrast markedly with pauper populations previously studied. Lancashire's Poor Law Unions are divided into three types: conurbation, urban industrial and rural. These three groups appear to represent three different patterns of workhouse residency. The workhouse populations in rural Lancashire are broadly similar to those discussed elsewhere, being dominated by elderly males. However, urban industrial workhouse populations contained large numbers of adults of working age and the absence of children from workhouses in the conurbation is particularly striking.
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GEBER, JONNY. "Mortality among institutionalised children during the Great Famine in Ireland: bioarchaeological contextualisation of non-adult mortality rates in the Kilkenny Union Workhouse, 1846–1851." Continuity and Change 31, no. 1 (May 2016): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416016000096.

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ABSTRACTOver half of all victims of the Great Irish Famine (1845–1852) were children. Many of these deaths took place in the union workhouses: institutions of government poor relief which for many were the last resort in a desperate struggle to survive famine-induced conditions such as starvation and infectious disease. Archaeological excavations of a mass burial ground dating to 1847–1851 at the former workhouse in Kilkenny City have provided the opportunity to undertake a detailed interdisciplinary exploration of non-adult mortality in an Irish workhouse during the height of the Famine.
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Maynard, Jean Olwen. "The campaign for the Catholic workhouse children, 1834–68." British Catholic History 32, no. 4 (September 11, 2015): 526–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bch.2015.19.

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AbstractThe systematic proselytisation of Catholic children institutionalised under the New Poor Law of 1834 was felt by the Catholic community as a very serious grievance. The legislation was framed so as to make the ministrations of the state church an integral part of the workhouse regime, while providing safeguards for the religious rights of non-Anglicans, both adults and children, through a conscience clause which however was not envisaged as applicable to children perceived as having no meaningful family connections. Loose wording allowed locally elected poor law bodies to frustrate the intentions of Parliament, and nullify all efforts of relatives and others to secure appropriate religious upbringing for Catholic children. The problem was particularly acute in the London area. Earlier lobbying initiatives came to nothing, but a fresh campaign begun in 1859, waged with the participation of Catholics at all levels of society, and persisting in the face of repeated setbacks, succeeded in 1868 in bringing about a change in the law, whereby procedures were established to enable the transfer of all poor law children of proven Catholic background to voluntary institutions under Catholic management, with funding for their maintenance paid from the poor rates.
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Levene, Alysa. "Children, Childhood and the Workhouse: St Marylebone, 1769–1781." London Journal 33, no. 1 (March 2008): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963208x270588.

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7

Williams, Samantha. "Unmarried Mothers and the New Poor Law in Hertfordshire." Local Population Studies, no. 91 (December 31, 2013): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps91.2013.27.

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Under the old poor law mothers and fathers shared responsibility for their illegitimate children: fathers were expected to provide financial maintenance and mothers to care for and rear them. The new poor law sought to shift all responsibility on to mothers. This article focuses upon the impact of the new legislation upon poor women and their children and their interactions with poor law guardians. Using data drawn from applications to guardians and workhouse records for Hertford and Hatfield poor law unions this study analyses the welfare provision offered to unmarried mothers and their infants. The article considers all forms of assistance but with a particular focus on lying-in provision in the workhouse.
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Phillips. "Child Abandonment in England, 1741–1834: The Case of the London Foundling Hospital." Genealogy 3, no. 3 (June 29, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3030035.

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The prevailing view of abandoned children in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries comes from Dickens’ Oliver Twist. Twist was born and raised in a workhouse in nineteenth-century London. However, the workhouse was not the only, or even, the main place to which children were abandoned. The London Foundling Hospital opened in 1741 and, although admission rules were often strict, between the years 1756 and 1760, any child presented to the Hospital was admitted. This article examines the ways in which children were abandoned to the Foundling Hospital and how these children were cared for in the period 1741–1834. It charts the children’s journeys through the Hospital, from their initial abandonment and admission to their eventual discharge—either through death, apprenticeship, or marriage—or their continued residence at the institution. This article provides insights into the multiple experiences of childhood abandonment and details the utility of the Hospital’s surviving records. It argues that children admitted to the London Foundling Hospital received life chances they would otherwise not have received. The Hospital provided nursing, clothing, medical care, both an academic and vocational education, and a living space for those unable to survive alone in adulthood.
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COUSINS, MEL. "Registration of the Religion of Children under the Irish Poor Law, 1838–1870." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 61, no. 1 (December 2, 2009): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046907002436.

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There were obvious tensions inherent in the fact that in nineteenth-century Ireland, while the majority of the population was Catholic, the state religion was Protestant. This had numerous effects on Irish political and social history, including the administration of the poor law. This article looks at one of the religious issues involved in the operation of the poor law: the registration of children (of unknown religion) on admission to the workhouse. The Irish attorney-general had ruled that they should be registered as Protestant. However, local boards of guardians often objected strongly to this. This article outlines and analyses the struggles which took place between the different interests involved.
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Shave, Samantha A. "‘Great inhumanity’: scandal, child punishment and policymaking in the early years of the New Poor Law workhouse system." Continuity and Change 33, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416018000231.

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AbstractNew Poor Law scandals have usually been examined either to demonstrate the cruelty of the workhouse regime or to illustrate the failings or brutality of union staff. Recent research has used these and similar moments of crisis to explore the relationship between local and central levels of welfare administration (the Boards of Guardians in unions across England and Wales and the Poor Law Commission in Somerset House in London) and how scandals in particular were pivotal in the development of further policies. This article examines both the inter-local and local-centre tensions and policy consequences of the Droxford Union and Fareham Union scandal (1836–1837), which exposed the severity of workhouse punishments towards three young children. The article illustrates the complexities of union cooperation and, as a result of the escalation of public knowledge into the cruelties and investigations thereafter, how the vested interests of individuals within a system manifested themselves in particular (in)actions and viewpoints. While the Commission was a reactive and flexible welfare authority, producing new policies and procedures in the aftermath of crises, the policies developed after this particular scandal made union staff, rather than the welfare system as a whole, individually responsible for the maltreatment and neglect of the poor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Workhouse children"

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Payne, Dianne Elizabeth. "Children of the poor in London, 1700-1780." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1844.

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Poor children are elusive in historical records, essentially invisible and unheard, and there is a significant gap in the secondary literature for the period 1700 to 1780. This thesis uses a range of largely unexplored material to access the experiences of poor children in London. By placing children in the foreground and examining their experiences by reading archival sources ‘against the grain’, it reveals details of individual lives and substantially changes our understanding of growing up poor in eighteenth-century London. Experiences are explored in five areas where poor children were found in significant numbers: in parish workhouses and as recipients of outdoor welfare relief; in the capital’s charity schools; in the Marine Society, a charity that sent poor boys to sea; in casual work and apprenticeship; and in the courts of the criminal justice system. This project re-appraises the contribution of poor children to the life of the capital, incorporates their experiences into the historical record, and creates a rounded and substantial picture of their lives in a variety of situations. The thesis argues that the deepseated prejudices of the elite, clearly evident in the rhetoric of eighteenth-century social reform, misrepresented and denigrated the children of the poor, a misrepresentation that has been assimilated into the historiography of the capital. It also suggests that recentb historiography has given us an inaccurate account of the functioning of charitable institutions aimed at children and a limited assessment of the capital’s apprenticeship and criminal justice system.
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Books on the topic "Workhouse children"

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Crompton, Frank. Workhouse children. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton, 1997.

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Haag, Pamela. Marriage confidential: The rise of life partners, workhorse wives, royal children, sexless spouses- and some brave couples who rewrite the rules. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2011.

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Marriage confidential: The rise of life partners, workhorse wives, royal children, sexless spouses- and some brave couples who rewrite the rules. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2011.

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4

Leaman, Celia A. Mary's child. Kingsport, Tenn: Paladin Timeless Books, 2005.

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5

Workhouse Children. Head of Zeus, 2020.

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Workhouse Children. Head of Zeus, 2017.

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7

Oldfield, Pamela. Workhouse. Scholastic, 2015.

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8

Workhouse. Scholastic, 2008.

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9

COURT, DILLY. The Workhouse Girl. Arrow, 2013.

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10

Llano, Samuel. Conquering the Public Space. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0014.

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This chapter presents an account of the San Bernardino band as the public facade of that workhouse. The image of children who had been picked up from the streets, disciplined, and taught to play an instrument as they marched across the city in uniform helped broadcast the message that the municipal institutions of social aid were contributing to the regeneration of society. This image contrasted with the regime of discipline and punishment inside the workhouse and thus helped to legitimize the workhouse’s public image. The privatization of social aid from the 1850s meant that the San Bernardino band engaged with a growing range of institutions and social groups and carried out an equally broad range of social services. It was thus able to serve as the extension through which Madrid’s authorities could gain greater intimacy with certain population sectors, particularly with the working classes.
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Book chapters on the topic "Workhouse children"

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Levene, Alysa. "Children and the Metropolitan Workhouse." In The Childhood of the Poor, 107–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137009517_6.

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Shave, Samantha A. "Gilbert’s Act: workhouses for the vulnerable." In Pauper Policies. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719089633.003.0003.

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This is the first of two chapters which examine poor law ‘enabling acts’. This chapter considers the importance of Thomas Gilbert’s Act, passed in 1782. Gilbert’s Act was passed with the intention that those parishes adopting it would place the ‘vulnerable’ sections of the poor within a workhouse and allocate employment and distribute outdoor relief to the able-bodied. The Act also intended to promote industry and good morals amongst the poor, allowing parish officers to require them to work within the workhouse and embark on teaching programmes for children. This chapter examines the adoption of the Act in southern England, and then its implementation. As the eighteenth century drew to a close, and the pursuit of more economical modes of relieving the poor became ever more important, the Act was adapted in ways which could have actually contradicted Gilbert’s intentions.
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Ash, Susan. "The ‘Open Door’: Metaphor and Promoting the Barnardo Brand." In Funding Philanthropy, 13–78. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781781381397.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces Barnardo’s use of metaphor, employing conceptual metaphor theory to explain how comparing an organization to an ‘open door’ inculcated the values of Christian hospitality in the public perception of Barnardo’s work: particularly inclusivity and unconditionality. It argues that the ‘open door’ metaphor worked to characterize Barnardo’s values and institutional processes in putative opposition to the state mechanisms dealing with destitute children, most notably the workhouse ‘solution’ that operated unproductively to demean children rather than train up new ‘citizens’. It draws on Derrida’s work on hospitality, as well as George Simmel and Martin Heidegger on liminality and dwelling. The chapter analyses a range of Barnardo’s recursive ‘hospitable’ practices, such as the annual teas and suppers for ‘waifs’ and ‘factory girls’. Such events doubled as charity mechanisms and promotional manoeuvres, since subsequent celebratory reports circulated in media around the world. It concludes by discussing how the ‘open door’ metaphor operates as a form of condensed narrative regarding Barnardo’s practice of child reform.
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Wagner, Tamara S. "Competitive Infant Care in Domestic Fiction." In The Victorian Baby in Print, 156–215. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858010.003.0004.

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This chapter analyses the critical representation of changing baby care methods in Charlotte Yonge’s fiction to parse the growing awareness of competitive parenting advice in Victorian culture. As a religious novelist dedicated to producing realist accounts of family life, Yonge creates unidealized infant protagonists who exhibit realistically described, age-appropriate behaviour. While they demonstrate the effects of different childrearing methods, Yonge avoids producing model children or parents. Instead, she depicts baby care as demanding domestic work that is rendered more difficult by the growing onslaught of contrasting opinions. Whereas her early marriage novel Heartsease (1854) describes maternal involvement in the day-to-day care of the young heroine’s first-born with unprecedented detail, both The Daisy Chain (1856) and Nuttie’s Father (1885) highlight the difficulties of a ‘mother-sister.’ In asserting the superiority of domestic realism over sensationalism, moreover, Yonge rewrites popular infant impostor plots while drawing on child abduction cases in the press and, in her late novel That Stick (1892), critically tackles the notorious vilification of workhouse nurseries. This still seldom discussed domestic writer thus negotiates shifting attitudes to and representations of babies and baby care. Her comments on changing practices alert us to the competitive parenting prevalent in Victorian Britain, how such a sense of competition was fostered by divergent childrearing advice, how damaging this could be, and how it already began to attract critical remarks at the time.
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Gallaher, Simon. "Children’s Happiness and Unhappiness in the Irish Workhouse Institution, 1850–1914." In Happiness in Nineteenth-Century Ireland, 119–38. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hqdjx1.10.

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"Care and Cruelty in the Workhouse: Children’s Experiences of Residential Poor Relief in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century." In Childhood and Child Labour in Industrial England, 127–46. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315571478-9.

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Kinealy, Christine, Gerard Moran, and Jason King. "pter from Bishop T. Murphy, 1 Chairman of the Children Apprenticeship Board to the Colonial Secretary regarding the female workhouse paupers that had been sent out on the “Roman Emperor” in 1848. NAI, CSORP, 1848/0.3081 (pter from Bishop T. Murphy to Lord Grey, dated, 21 November, 1848)." In The History of the Irish Famine, 267–68. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315513492-66.

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Hicks, Leslie, and Ian Sinclair. "Residential care for social reasons." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1799–802. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0237.

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Residential care for the young is an elusive object of study. Provided in the past by establishments as diverse as workhouses, orphanages, and reformatories, it has no clear definition marking its boundaries with foster care or boarding education; at the same time it variously aims to shelter, classify, control, and reform and it has no agreed theory or body of values. The need for residential care, and the difficulties of providing it, vary with time and place; the issues it raises are quite different in Romania than they are in California, or were in Victorian England. Given this diversity, any discussion of residential care needs to outline the context within which it was written. In the case of this chapter the context is provided by current British social policy. Although the focus is on residential care provided to young people by Children's Services in England for social reasons, the conclusions drawn are applicable to the rest of the United Kingdom. The issues raised by this provision have similarities in other parts of the developed world, in virtually all of which the use of residential care is declining. This chapter is written against the background of this decline. Its aims are as follows: ♦ to describe the current characteristics of residential child care in England, and by extension in Great Britain ♦ to outline the problems that have led to its numerical decline ♦ to identify practices that should overcome or reduce these problems ♦ to discuss the role that residential care might play in future.
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