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1

Jung, Moon-Kie. "No Whites, No Asians: Race, Marxism, and Hawai‘i’s Preemergent Working Class." Social Science History 23, no. 3 (1999): 357–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200018125.

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By the close of the nineteenth century, Hawai‘i had become a newly annexed territory of the United States and was tightly controlled by a cohesive oligarchy ofhaolesugar capitalists. The “enormous concentration of wealth and power” held by the Big Five sugar factors of Honolulu up until statehood was unparalleled elsewhere in the United States (Cooper and Daws 1985: 3–4). In contrast, native Hawai‘ians and immigrants recruited from China, Portugal, Japan, and the Philippines—in successive and overlapping waves—endured the low wages and poor working and living conditions characteristic of other
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2

Boyd, Melody L., Jason Martin, and Kathryn Edin. "Pathways to Participation: Class Disparities in Youth Civic Engagement." City & Community 15, no. 4 (2016): 400–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12205.

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Recent research finds that there is a growing class gap in levels of civic engagement among young whites in the United States. Much of the literature on civic engagement focuses on individual– and family–level factors related to civic engagement. Our evidence suggests that it is critically important to consider variation and change in community–level factors as well, and that such factors may play a key role in facilitating or inhibiting civic engagement. To explore the puzzle of the growing class gap among young whites in civic engagement, we conducted two–generation in–depth qualitative inte
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Carson, Scott Alan. "The Body Mass Index of Blacks and Whites in the United States during the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 42, no. 3 (2011): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00255.

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Body mass index (bmi) values reflect the net balance between nutrition, work effort, and calories consumed to fight disease. Nineteenth-century prison records in the United States demonstrate that the bmi values of blacks and whites were distributed symmetrically; neither underweight nor obese individuals were common among the working class. bmi values declined throughout the nineteenth century. By modern standards, however, nineteenth-century bmis were in healthy weight ranges, though the biological living standards in rural areas exceeded those in urban areas. The increase in bmis during the
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4

Abramowitz, Alan, and Jennifer McCoy. "United States: Racial Resentment, Negative Partisanship, and Polarization in Trump’s America." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 681, no. 1 (2018): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218811309.

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Growing racial, ideological, and cultural polarization within the American electorate contributed to the shocking victory of Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election. Using data from American National Election Studies surveys, we show that Trump’s unusually explicit appeals to racial and ethnic resentment attracted strong support from white working-class voters while repelling many college-educated whites along with the overwhelming majority of nonwhite voters. However, Trump’s campaign exploited divisions that have been growing within the electorate for decades because of demographic an
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5

Thompson, Jack. "A Review of the Popular and Scholarly Accounts of Donald Trump’s White Working-Class Support in the 2016 US Presidential Election." Societies 9, no. 2 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020036.

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Popular and scholarly accounts of Trump’s ascendency to the presidency of the United States on the part of the American white working-class use different variables to define the sociodemographic group because there is no “working-class White” variable available in benchmark datasets for researchers to code. To address this need, the Author ran a multinomial regression to assess whether income, education and racial identity predict working-class membership among white Americans, finding that income and education are statistically significant predictors of working-class whiteness, while racial i
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6

Brodkin, Karen. "Studying Whiteness: What's the Point and Where do We go from Here?" Queensland Review 6, no. 1 (1999): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600001859.

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If, as a famous dead white European man once suggested, the point of studying racism is to change it, what can we learn about ending racism by studying it as whiteness? The first part of the paper summarizes some of the major issues and findings of recent studies of whiteness in the United States. It suggests that there is a hidden life at the heart of whiteness which is about preserving a set of specifically white constructions of masculinity and femininity, and that whites' lack of consciousness about this, and about white privilege in general, have undermined antiracist efforts. It summariz
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7

Rasiah, Rasiah, Ansor Putra, Fina Amalia Masri, Arman Arman, and Suci Rahmi Pardilla. "JUST LIKE BLACK, ONLY BETTER: POOR WHITE IN ANTEBELLUM SOUTH OF AMERICA DEPICTED IN SOLOMON NORTHUP’S NOVEL TWELVE YEARS AS A SLAVE." Diksi 29, no. 1 (2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v29i1.33081.

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(Title: Just Like Black, Only Better: Poor White in Antebellum South of America Depicted in Solomon Northup’s Novel “Twelve Years as A Slave”). Antebellum era, the period before the Civil War occured, or before the year 1861, in the United States is used to relate to the enslavement of black American. In fact, the era was not merely about black, but also poor white. This study is purposed to describe the poor whites’ life in antebellum America as reflected in Twelve Years As A Slave (1855), a narrative biography novel written by Solomon Northup. Set up the story in New York, Washingotn DC, and
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8

Donnor, Jamel K. "Who's Qualified? Seeing Race in ColorBlind Times: Lessons from Fisher v. University of Texas." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 117, no. 14 (2015): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811511701407.

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This chapter examines the policy arguments advanced in Fisher v. University of Texas, an antiracial diversity in higher education case argued before the United States Supreme Court. The author contends that the arguments put forth by the petitioner are intended not only to frame White people as the expressed victims of opportunity-expanding policies, such as diversity, but also to construct people of color as undeserving of admissions to one of America's most preeminent public institutions of higher education. In addition to being ahistorical, the anti-diversity arguments in Fisher v. Universi
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9

Pathak, Elizabeth B., Janelle M. Menard, Rebecca B. Garcia, and Jason L. Salemi. "Joint Effects of Socioeconomic Position, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender on COVID-19 Mortality among Working-Age Adults in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (2022): 5479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095479.

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Substantial racial/ethnic and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality have been previously documented. However, few studies have investigated the impact of individual socioeconomic position (SEP) on these disparities. Objectives: To determine the joint effects of SEP, race/ethnicity, and gender on the burden of COVID-19 mortality. A secondary objective was to determine whether differences in opportunities for remote work were correlated with COVID-19 death rates for sociodemographic groups. Design: Annual mortality study which used a special government tabulation of 2020 COVID-19-related deat
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10

Salvatore, Nick. "A Brief Ascendency: American Labor After 1945." Forum 10, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1540-8884.1491.

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In 1945, American labor unions optimistically expected considerable growth in the coming decades. The New Deal policies continued their influence, and organized labor achieved its highest density rating (35 percent) ever recorded in the United States. By the mid-1950s, however, that figure began to decline, slowly at first and then, after 1970, swiftly. At the close of 2011, it had fallen to 11.8 percent. The cause of this reduction was not simply employer opposition, although that did occur. Rather, the American working class itself underwent a political and sociological sea change, propelled
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11

Lane, Rasberry. "Demographic Label Data in Wikipedia and Wikidata." December 15, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7443447.

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This is an unfinished draft and working notes for "Demographic Label Data in Wikipedia and Wikidata". Direct questions to lead author Lane Rasberry; other contributors take no responsibility for errors in these working notes. This draft does not note credit to all contributors. "Demographic data" is the familiar and conventional data from the field of demographics. In the context of Wikipedia and Wikidata, this data takes on new meaning and significance as moving it from the field of demographics into the Wikimedia platform increases the accessibility of this data so much t
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12

Reichelmann, Ashley V. "Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery: Associations Between Group Identification and Feelings of Threat, Shame, and Guilt Among White Americans." Social Currents, April 26, 2023, 232949652311687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23294965231168781.

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This paper highlights the relationship between group identification and racialized emotions among white Americans when asked to think about slavery on U.S. soil. Previous scholarship focuses on the consequences of such emotions or stimuli that increase them; however, there is limited work focusing on threat as a racialized emotion, or more broadly who is likely to experience heightened emotions when asked to think about historical racial violence that implicates their group. Using Group Position Theory and Identity Theory, I elevate work on racial threat as an emotion, and demonstrate how it i
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13

Moss, Philip, William Lazonick, and Joshua Weitz. "Employment and Earnings of African Americans Fifty Years After: Progress?" Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, July 13, 2020, 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp129.

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The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established in 1965 to implement Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made it illegal to discriminate against an individual in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Coming into the 1960s, the employment opportunity that privileged the white male was much more than a job. By the 1960s, growing numbers of white men had employment that gave them steadily rising real earnings, often with decades of tenure at one organization. The “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) that had become the employment nor
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14

Sanchez Alonso, Jason. "Undue Burden the Medical School Application Process Places on Low-Income Latinos." Voices in Bioethics 9 (November 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/vib.v9i.10166.

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Photo by Nathan Dumlao on Unsplash ABSTRACT The demographic of physicians in the United States has failed to include a proportionate population of Latinos in the United States. In what follows, I shall argue that the medical school admission process places an undue burden on low-income Latino applicants. Hence, the underrepresentation of Latinos in medical schools is an injustice. This injustice relates to the poor community health of the Latino community. Health disparities such as diabetes, HIV infection, and cancer mortality are higher amongst the Latino community. The current representatio
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15

See, Pamela Mei-Leng. "Branding: A Prosthesis of Identity." M/C Journal 22, no. 5 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1590.

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This article investigates the prosthesis of identity through the process of branding. It examines cross-cultural manifestations of this phenomena from sixth millennium BCE Syria to twelfth century Japan and Britain. From the Neolithic Era, humanity has sort to extend their identities using pictorial signs that were characteristically simple. Designed to be distinctive and instantly recognisable, the totemic symbols served to signal the origin of the bearer. Subsequently, the development of branding coincided with periods of increased in mobility both in respect to geography and social strata.
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16

Marotta, Steve, Austin Cummings, and Charles Heying. "Where Is Portland Made? The Complex Relationship between Social Media and Place in the Artisan Economy of Portland, Oregon (USA)." M/C Journal 19, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1083.

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ExpositionPortland, Oregon (USA) has become known for an artisanal or ‘maker’ economy that relies on a resurgence of place specificity (Heying), primarily expressed and exported to a global audience in the notion of ‘Portland Made’ (Roy). Portland Made reveals a tension immanent in the notion of ‘place’: place is both here and not here, both real and imaginary. What emerges is a complicated picture of how place conceptually captures various intersections of materiality and mythology, aesthetics and economics. On the one hand, Portland Made represents the collective brand-identity used by Portl
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17

Milton, James, and Theresa Petray. "The Two Subalterns: Perceived Status and Violent Punitiveness." M/C Journal 23, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1622.

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From the mid-twentieth century, state and public conceptions of deviance and crime control have turned increasingly punitive (Hallett 115; Hutchinson 138). In a Western context, criminal justice has long been retributive, prioritising punishment over rehabilitation (Wenzel et al. 26). Within that context, there has been an increase in punitiveness—understood here as a measure of a punishment’s severity—the intention of which has been to help restore the moral imbalance created by offending while also deterring future crime (Wenzel et al. 26). Entangled with the global spread of neoliberal capi
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18

Kenner, Alison. "The Healthy Asthmatic." M/C Journal 16, no. 6 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.745.

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Tiffany is running down a suburban street with headphones and a hoodie on. Her breath is clearly audible, rhythmic, steady, and in pace with her footsteps. The Tiffany’s Story video testimonial on the Be Smart. Be Well. website then cuts to Tiffany sitting at home describing her earlier experiences with asthma: “The hospital became like my second home... I couldn’t breathe on my own.” Dr. Wolf, who has been treating Tiffany since she was diagnosed with asthma at age 8, joins in, “At that time she had really severe asthma. It was very difficult to manage and remained very difficult to manage fo
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