Relevant bibliographies by topics / Working class women in literature

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Working class women in literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Working class women in literature"

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Forsyth, Margaret. "Looking for grandmothers: working-class women poets." Women's Writing 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699080500200349.

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A, Joyce Jaya Ruby. "Andal Priyadarshini's the Position of Women in the Working Class." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-10 (August 12, 2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s1013.

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Singing songs about God, the king, and upper castes are mostly found in Tamil literature. The singing of working class people is rarely found in a few pieces of literature like Pallu (Agriculture Songs) and Kuravanchi. Modern literature gives complete freedom to sing about the working class. In it, Andal Priyadarshini has created modern literature such as poetry, short stories, novels, etc. In it, the creators have made the lower class people aware of their life status by singing and creating characters. Her works frequently depict hustlers, roadside dwellers, scavengers, cremators, and transgender women and girls. They are the members of society. Some are working people, who have every right to live here, and are economically backward. People have continued their lives at the bottom of society for centuries. Mere pity for the working class will not lift them up. If individual value, castelessness, labour value, and non-discrimination come together, then a society called the working class will disappear.
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Mount, Liz. "“I Am Not a Hijra”: Class, Respectability, and the Emergence of the “New” Transgender Woman in India." Gender & Society 34, no. 4 (August 2020): 620–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220932275.

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This article examines the mutual imbrication of gender and class that shapes how some transgender women seek incorporation into social hierarchies in postcolonial India. Existing literature demonstrates an association between transgender and middle-class-status in the global South. Through an 18-month ethnographic study in Bangalore from 2009 through 2016 with transgender women, NGO (nongovernmental organization) workers and activists, as well as textual analyses of media representations, I draw on “new woman” archetypes to argue that the discourses of empowerment and respectability that impacted middle-class cisgender women in late colonial, postcolonial and liberalized India also impact how trans women narrate their struggles and newfound opportunities. Trans woman identities are often juxtaposed to the identities of hijras, a recognized (yet socially marginal) group of working-class male-assigned gender-nonconforming people. Instead of challenging stereotypes of gender nonconformity most evident in the marginalization of hijras, some transgender women are at pains to highlight their difference from hijras. These trans women are from working-class backgrounds. It is partly their similarities in class location that propel trans women’s efforts to distinguish themselves from hijras. They employ the figure of the disreputable hijra to contain negative stereotypes associated with gender nonconformity, thus positioning their identities in proximity with middle-class respectable womanhood.
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Robertson, Lisa C. "Memoirs of Victorian Working-Class Women: The Hard Way Up." English Studies 100, no. 4 (May 19, 2019): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2019.1595823.

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Ngai, Pun. "Gender and Class: Women's Working Lives in a Dormitory Labor Regime in China." International Labor and Working-Class History 81 (2012): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547912000129.

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The thirty years since Women on the Line has witnessed great achievement in the literature of gender and work both in the West and Global South. There was a booming literature since the 1970s and 1980s in the fields of sociology, anthropology, women studies, and cultural studies—most of them excellent works that touch upon sophisticated debates on the interplay between gender and work, production and reproduction, dominance, and resistance in an increasingly globalized context.
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Hyttinen, Elsi. "Women in Early Capitalism and Other Irrelevant Issues: Elvira Willman's Struggle for Working-Class Authorship." Journal of Finnish Studies 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.18.2.05.

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Abstract The article discusses the early Finnish working-class writer Elvira Willman (1875–1925). Through a reading of a recently found manuscript of the 1916 play “Rakkauden orjuus” [The slavery of love], the article demonstrates how in Willman's writing “the woman question” was one of the central themes in texts aimed at the working-class cultural field. Theoretically, the article promotes a view according to which an author does not become a working-class author by being born into a certain social class or living within it, but by signaling in various ways in her writing a desire to be interpreted as an author of working-class literature and by garnering affirmation from the gatekeepers of that field.
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Satı, Büşra. "Working-Class Women, Gender, and Union Politics in Turkey, 1965–1980." International Labor and Working-Class History 100 (2021): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547921000119.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the ideology and discourses of Tekstil İṣçileri Sendikası (the Textile Workers’ Union, Tekstil) in Turkey to highlight some of the specific visions of the organized labor for an emancipatory gender politics during the 1970s. This history of intersection between gender and working-class organizing has been overlooked by the Left scholarship on the one hand and liberal feminist scholarship on the other. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by highlighting gender and class concurrently throughout the history of the transformation of gender politics in labor organizations. The history of the simultaneous development of gender-related policies in Tekstil/DİSK and TEKSİF/Türk-İṣ reveals an unexplored aspect of the contentious dynamic between rival labor organizations. Between 1975–1980, the politics of gender became another pillar in trade union competition. Following the transnational influences in this transformation, this paper highlights a forgotten period of labor organizing and locates it within the history of labor and women's movements at the national and global scale.
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Wånggren, Lena. "Gender and Precarity across Time: Where Are the Writing Working Women?" Victorian Literature and Culture 51, no. 4 (2023): 577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000669.

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The end of the nineteenth century in Britain saw a range of “newnesses”; New Unionism signified a boom in trade unionism, while the New Woman figure symbolized women's struggle for independence. However, both as literary figures and as real-life writers, such New Women were largely middle class and educated. Where are the working women within the sphere of literary and cultural production, and how are they represented within the New Unionism? Against a dominant trade unionism that argued for a “family wage” and considered women's organizing as a threat, the Women's Trade Union League (1874), the National Federation of Women Workers (1906), the 1888 Match Girls strike, and writers and labor activists such as Annie Besant and Clementina Black noted women's roles within labor. Attempting to locate a working New Woman in the trade union movement, this paper is a reflective work-in-progress, an exploration rather than a finished argument. Written by a precariously employed woman trade unionist in the twenty-first century, struggling to find time to write, examining the works of precariously employed women workers one hundred years earlier, the essay poses questions about what happens to politically engaged scholarship in a time of increasingly precarious working conditions and knowledges.
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Silva, Jennifer M. "Constructing Adulthood in an Age of Uncertainty." American Sociological Review 77, no. 4 (June 29, 2012): 505–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122412449014.

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Past research in both the transitions to adulthood literature and cultural sociology more broadly suggests that the working class relies on traditional cultural models in their construction of identity. In the contemporary post-industrial world, however, traditional life pathways are now much less available to working-class men and women. I draw on 93 interviews with black and white working-class young people in their 20s to 30s and ask, in an era of increasing uncertainty, where traditional markers of adulthood have become tenuous, what kinds of cultural models do working-class young people employ to validate their adult identities? In contrast to previous studies of working-class identity, I found that respondents embraced a model of therapeutic selfhood—that is, an inwardly directed self preoccupied with its own psychic development. I demonstrate that the therapeutic narrative allows working-class men and women to redefine competent adulthood in terms of overcoming a painful family past. Respondents required a witness to validate their performances of adulthood, however, and the inability to find one left many lost in transition.
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Smeraldo Schell, Kait, and Jennifer M. Silva. "Resisting Despair: Narratives of Disruption and Transformation Among White Working-Class Women in a Declining Coal-Mining Community." Gender & Society 34, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 736–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220948218.

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In this article, we examine how white working-class women reimagine gender in the face of social and economic changes that have undermined their ability to perform normative femininity. As blue-collar jobs have disappeared, scholars have posited that white working-class men and women have become increasingly isolated, disconnected from institutions, and hopeless about the future, leading to a culture of despair. Although past literature has examined how working-class white men cope with the inability to perform masculinity through wage-earning and family authority, gender has been undertheorized in these discussions, treating working-class women’s and men’s despair interchangeably. Drawing on 37 in-depth interviews conducted in a former coal-mining town in northeastern Pennsylvania, we identify three overarching strategies that women deploy in their life histories to cope with disruption: embracing pain as an opportunity for self-growth; dispelling shame and striving for equality; and enduring suffering. These strategies allow women to feel hopeful and worthy as they confront enormous challenges, whether starting over following relationship dissolution, learning to be independent from men, or simply surviving hardship for the sake of their children. We explore the implications for recreating gender identity in each strategy and question how different strategies might serve to protect women from, or alternatively solidify, sentiments of despair.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Working class women in literature"

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Petty, Sue. "Working-class women and contemporary British literature." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5441.

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This thesis involves a class-based literary criticism of working-class women s writing. I particularly focus on a selection of novels by three working-class women writers - Livi Michael, Caeia March and Joan Riley. Their work emerged in the 1980s, the era of Thatcherism, which is a definitive period in British history that spawned a renaissance of working-class literature. In my readings of the novels I look at three specific aspects of identity: gender, sexuality and race with the intersection of social class, to examine how issues of economic positioning impinge further on the experience of respectively being a woman, a lesbian and a black woman in contemporary British society. I also appropriate various feminist theories to argue for the continued relevance of social class in structuring women s lives in late capitalism. Working-class writing in general, and working-class women s writing in particular, has historically been under-represented in academic study, so that by highlighting the work of these three lesser known writers, and by indicating that they are worthy of study, this thesis is also complicit in an act of feminist historiography.
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Rankin, Cherie L. Breu Christopher. "Working it through women's working-class literature, the working woman's body, and working-class pedagogy /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1417799101&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1205258868&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.
Title from title page screen, viewed on March 11, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Christopher D. Breu (chair), Cynthia A. Huff, Amy E. Robillard. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-273) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Bowen, Scarlett K. "The labor of femininity : working women in eighteenth-century British prose /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9837908.

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Milne, Anne. "'Lactilla tends her fav'rite cow' : domesticated animals and women in eighteenth-century British labouring-class women's poetry /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/NQ66225.pdf.

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Horan, Marion. "Trafficking in danger working-class women and narratives of sexual danger in English and United States anti-prostitution campaigns, 1875-1914 /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Jones, Miriam. ""Too common and most unnatural" rewriting the "infanticidal woman" in Britain, 1764-1859 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ43433.pdf.

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Dalporto, Jeannie C. ""To build, and plant, and keep a table" class, gender, and the ideology of improvement in eighteenth-century women's literature /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2155.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 341 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 317-341).
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Balestra, Alisa. "Shift in Work, Shift in Representation: Working-Class Identity and Experience in U.S. Multi-Ethnic and Queer Women's Fiction." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303080667.

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Greve, Curt Michael. "Raw." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1311189062.

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James, Laura. "Working women : gender, class and place." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440718.

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Books on the topic "Working class women in literature"

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June, Burnett, ed. The Common thread: Writings by working-class women. London: Mandarin Paperbacks, 1989.

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1945-, Zandy Janet, ed. Calling home: Working-class women's writings : an anthology. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1990.

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Furst, Lilian R. L' Assommoir: A working woman's life. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.

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Ellis, Jacqueline. Silent witnesses: Representations of working-class women in the United States. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1998.

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Cook, Sylvia Jenkins. Working women, literary ladies: The industrial revolution and female aspiration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Richardson, Sarah. Writing on the line: 20th century working-class women writers : an annotated list. London: Working Press, 1996.

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Josefson, Eva-Karin. Arbetande kvinnor i litteraturen. Stockholm: Arbetslivscentrum, 1989.

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Young, Arlene. Culture, class, and gender in the Victorian novel: Gentlemen, gents, and working women. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press, 1999.

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Ferguson, Moira. Eighteenth-century women poets: Nation, class, and gender. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

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1956-, López Lorraine, ed. An angle of vision: Women writers on their poor and working-class roots. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Working class women in literature"

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Robinson, Lillian S. "Working/Women/Writing." In Sex, Class and Culture, 223–53. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003440642-12.

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Lauter, Paul. "Working-Class Women’s Literature." In Feminisms, 837–56. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22098-4_46.

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Windle, Jack. "Interwoven Histories: Working Class Literature and Theory." In Working-Class Writing, 41–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96310-5_3.

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Taylor, Yvette. "Reviewing the Literature: An Introduction." In Working-Class Lesbian Life, 1–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230592384_1.

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Evans, Gillian. "Common Women: Working Class Values." In Educational Failure and Working Class White Children in Britain, 33–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230627239_3.

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Laird, Heather. "Writing Working-Class Irish Mothers." In The Routledge Companion to Literature and Class, 259–68. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003008354-22.

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Schwarzkopf, Jutta. "Working-class Women’s Post-Chartist Activities." In Women in the Chartist Movement, 247–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379619_9.

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Srivastava, Priyanka. "Childbirth, Childcare, and Working-Class Women." In The Well-Being of the Labor Force in Colonial Bombay, 197–240. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66164-3_6.

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Periyan, Natasha. "Democratic Art or Working-Class Literature? Virginia Woolf, the Women’s Cooperative Guild and Literary Value in the ‘Introductory Letter’." In Working-Class Writing, 99–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96310-5_6.

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Pierse, Michael. "From Rocking the Cradle to Rocking the System: Writing Working-Class Women." In Writing Ireland’s Working Class, 110–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230299351_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Working class women in literature"

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Jordon, Sarah. "Gender Versus Class: A Metasynthesis of Working-Class Women Faculty Narratives." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1573598.

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Reen, Jaisheen Kour, and Rita Orji. "Improving Mental Health Among Working-Class Indian Women: Insight From An Interview Study." In CHI '22: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519781.

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Castillo-Lavergne, Claudia. "Exploring the Psychological Well-Being of Working-Class Latinx Women Attending Four-Year Colleges." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1437683.

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Wing, Michelle. ""I Just Made It Work": Setbacks, Successes, and Support Stories of Working-Class Women and Degree Attainment." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1571379.

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Sambamurthy, Nikitha, Joyce B. Main, Matilde Sanchez-Pena, Monica F. Cox, and Ebony McGee. "Asian-American women engineering faculty: A literature review using an intersectional framework of race, class, and gender." In 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2016.7757518.

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Brown, Marlene, and Laurie Stone. "Technical Training for Women in the PV Field." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44236.

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Over the past decade, more women have become interested in renewable energy, particularly photovoltaics, but a suitable training environment is difficult to find. Approximately five years ago, Solar Energy International (SEI) started offering classes for women only. The premise is that a women only class provides a friendly atmosphere for women to ask basic questions, take time working with tools and concepts, and practice hands-on activities in a supportive environment. Sandia National Labs has assisted SEI by providing technical content and hands-on instruction. The classes are split between the classroom and the field. This paper will provide an overview of the technical training, safety and the importance of the National Electrical Code® (NEC)®, and accomplishments of the students beyond these classes.
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Spieker, Michael A., Linda J. Hayes, Eugene H. Wissler, and David P. Colvin. "Analysis of Gender Based Thermal Regulation." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0574.

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Abstract Significant qualitative and quantitative data from the literature suggests that men and women differ in their response to extreme thermal environments. It is apparent that women sweat less (Morimoto et al., 1967; Wyndham et al., 1965), and have a thicker subcutaneous fat layer (Wells, 1991) relative to men. Men, on the other hand have higher resting and working metabolic rates relative to women, which tend to increase their core body temperatures at a faster rate. A whole body thermal regulation model (Wissler, 1985) designed by Gene Wissler is used to analyze the gender based thermal responses of men and women subjected to medium-high work levels in several thermal environments. This study has important application in estimating how gender differences affect the potential work performance of men and women in extreme thermal environments.
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Eroğlu, Feyzullah, Hatice Çoban, and Mustafa Koç. "A Research on Community Development and Women Entrepreneurship." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01307.

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Although Turkish economy system was based on a patriarchal community for a long time, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of Modern Turkish Republic, has been promoted innovative policies for female citizens to incorporate them into social and economic life. Thanks to those policies, crucial changes have emerged especially for well-educated and cultivated ''urban women''. In this respect, conventional social construct and economic system have been a burden for some of those ''urban women''. They both took care of their families and joined the economic system and raised their career expectations. In recent years, there are some entrepreneurship curriculums and financial support projects has been launched for women who would like to take an active role in business life. Those projects provide opportunity for Turkish women to create their own business instead of working as employees. First of all, literature review on ''community development'' and ''women entrepreneurship'' was conducted in this study. Those issues considered as not only an economic issue but also social and psychological behavioral processes usually by using macro-sociological analysis method. Secondly, an empirical research performed in Denizli province, in which considerable economic moves have been realized in recent years. In this context, qualifications of women entrepreneurs who set up a business afterwards of financial and educational supports of governmental and non-governmental organizations such as Denizli Chamber of Commerce, Denizli Entrepreneurial Association, Association of Eurasian Executives and Businessmen were introduced. Furthermore, women entrepreneurs evaluated by quantitative comparison according to years.
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Zakharova, M. A., A. G. Merkulova, and S. A. Kalinina. "STUDY OF AGE EFFECT TO HEMODYNAMICS AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY OF FEMALE TRAM DRIVERS." In The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-185-189.

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Continuous labor intensification places high demands on the health of the working population. Alongside with this the existing system of criteria and methods of estimation of functional state and activity reliability of workers of different age groups needs correction and further perfection. Research objective. Evaluation of the age effect on hemodynamics and heart rate variability indices of female tram drivers. Research methods. The working conditions of female streetcar drivers were analyzed according to the Guideline R 2.2.2006‑05 and the special assessment of working conditions data. The comparison of the values of hemodynamic and heart rate variability indices of 330 women of three age groups: young (18‑45 years old), middle (46‑60 years old) and old age (over 61 years old) were compared, as well as their comparison with physiological norms of body strain. Results. At the workplaces of women tram drivers the class of working conditions is 3.2. The values of circulatory system indicators and a sharp decrease in intrasystem coherence of functions in elderly persons characterize an unfavorable functional state of working strain of the 2nd degree, which indicates unsatisfactory autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system functions. Minute blood volume consistently decreases and peripheral vascular resistance increases in middle-aged and elderly people compared to young people. Conclusions. The obtained results can form the basis for the creation of age-related digital profiles of women tram drivers which will allow improving the preventive measures for various pre-donosological conditions of the employees in order to prolong their professional longevity.
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Gökçek Karaca, Nuray, and Erol Karaca. "The Future Expectations and Laboration of Migrant Women From Turkey in Germany." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01490.

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This study sought to investigate future expectations and laboration of the migrant women from Turkey in Germany. The research was carried out with 570 migrant women from Turkey in Germany in 2012-2013. The data were collected by using a questionnaire developed by the researcher based on a literature review. Data were analyzed with factor analysis by using the statistical package SPSS. According to the research results, a significant number of women said that they are housewives but not working. This result points out the continuity of perception and evaluation of being a housewife “as not a profession and form of labor”. The data about women except from housewives reveals the difficulties in their labor life and also the effectiveness of informal networks on laborization process. Overwhelming majority of these women have experienced various jobs and indicated lower and inadequate wages as the reason of these experiences. In addition, the most effective means in the process of finding jobs is the circle of acquaintances rather than job-creating agencies, trainings and employment tests. As a result of the inadequacy of formal structure, a significant number of women has to work with low wages and not obtained sufficient social benefits. In spite of the difficulties faced by women in their laborization process, a great majority of women have the social security right. The presence of social security, however, could not prevent feeling insecure about their future and negative evaluation about their economic conditions.
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Reports on the topic "Working class women in literature"

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Kelly, Luke. Lessons learnt from humanitarian negotiations with the Taliban, 1996-2001. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.11.

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This rapid literature review finds that humanitarian actors responded in a variety of ways to Taliban actions limiting principled aid in the country during the period of their rule (1996-2001). The report is focused on the findings around humanitarian negotiation and the strategy of humanitarian actors in response to Taliban policies limiting women's ability to work for humanitarian organisations or access services. The findings are not intended to imply parallels with the current situation in Afghanistan. Evidence is in the form of a number of evaluations, academic articles and lessons learned papers on negotiating with the Taliban. It discusses the methods of negotiating with the Taliban (e.g. co-ordination, working with the leadership or rank-and-file), the content of negotiations and particularly the question of reaching agreement on women’s rights, as well as humanitarian actors’ negotiating capacity. There is less discussion on the negotiation of specific programmes (e.g. anti-gender-based violence programmes). Due to the different goals and principles of humanitarian actors, as well as different ideas of feasibility, conclusions on the effectiveness of negotiating tactics vary. Strategies therefore cannot be judged as 'successful' without reference to a conception of what is most important in humanitarian programming, and the constraints of the situation. The review highlights lessons on good negotiating practices. The main issue being negotiated was the clash between the Taliban's restrictions on women and humanitarian actors' aim of providing aid to all, including women, according to need. Various strategies were used to persuade the Taliban to consent to principled aid. This review considers aid agency negotiating strategy and tactics, as well as the underlying interests and constraints that may make negotiations more or less successful.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learnt from Humanitarian Negotiations with the Taliban, 1996-2001. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.126.

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This rapid literature review finds that humanitarian actors responded in a variety of ways to Taliban actions limiting principled aid in the country during the period of their rule (1996-2001). The report is focused on the findings around humanitarian negotiation and the strategy of humanitarian actors in response to Taliban policies limiting women's ability to work for humanitarian organisations or access services. The findings are not intended to imply parallels with the current situation in Afghanistan. Evidence is in the form of a number of evaluations, academic articles and lessons learned papers on negotiating with the Taliban. It discusses the methods of negotiating with the Taliban (e.g. co-ordination, working with the leadership or rank-and-file), the content of negotiations and particularly the question of reaching agreement on women’s rights, as well as humanitarian actors’ negotiating capacity. There is less discussion on the negotiation of specific programmes (e.g. anti-gender-based violence programmes). Due to the different goals and principles of humanitarian actors, as well as different ideas of feasibility, conclusions on the effectiveness of negotiating tactics vary. Strategies therefore cannot be judged as 'successful' without reference to a conception of what is most important in humanitarian programming, and the constraints of the situation. The review highlights lessons on good negotiating practices. The main issue being negotiated was the clash between the Taliban's restrictions on women and humanitarian actors' aim of providing aid to all, including women, according to need. Various strategies were used to persuade the Taliban to consent to principled aid. This review considers aid agency negotiating strategy and tactics, as well as the underlying interests and constraints that may make negotiations more or less successful.
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3

Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learnt from Humanitarian Negotiations with the Taliban, 1996-2001. Institute of Development Studies, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.119.

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Abstract:
This rapid literature review finds that humanitarian actors responded in a variety of ways to Taliban actions limiting principled aid in the country during the period of their rule (1996-2001). The report is focused on the findings around humanitarian negotiation and the strategy of humanitarian actors in response to Taliban policies limiting women's ability to work for humanitarian organisations or access services. The findings are not intended to imply parallels with the current situation in Afghanistan. Evidence is in the form of a number of evaluations, academic articles and lessons learned papers on negotiating with the Taliban. It discusses the methods of negotiating with the Taliban (e.g. co-ordination, working with the leadership or rank-and-file), the content of negotiations and particularly the question of reaching agreement on women’s rights, as well as humanitarian actors’ negotiating capacity. There is less discussion on the negotiation of specific programmes (e.g. anti-gender-based violence programmes). Due to the different goals and principles of humanitarian actors, as well as different ideas of feasibility, conclusions on the effectiveness of negotiating tactics vary. Strategies therefore cannot be judged as 'successful' without reference to a conception of what is most important in humanitarian programming, and the constraints of the situation. The review highlights lessons on good negotiating practices. The main issue being negotiated was the clash between the Taliban's restrictions on women and humanitarian actors' aim of providing aid to all, including women, according to need. Various strategies were used to persuade the Taliban to consent to principled aid. This review considers aid agency negotiating strategy and tactics, as well as the underlying interests and constraints that may make negotiations more or less successful.
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Kelly, Luke. What Accountability Means in Somalia. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.113.

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This rapid literature review finds that accountability programming in Somalia is focused on working effectively with the country’s hybrid governance. A number of programmes have generated findings on the potential of non-state actors to improve accountability, with a focus on contextual analysis and adaptive programming. Accountability is defined as mechanisms to hold people in power to account according to an agreed standard. Improving accountability may be difficult in fragile and conflict-affected states such as Somalia where power is dispersed and informal. Somalia is commonly described as a hybrid political order. Regions in Somalia have more and less robust governments and non-state actors have a number of important but informal roles in governance. Moreover, the prevalence of clan-based politics and patriarchal norms limits the inclusivity of accountability mechanisms, with women and members of minority clans among those commonly excluded. This report is focused on accountability in governance. It surveys both evidence on the status and contours of accountability in Somalia, and on programmes to improve accountability. It is based on evidence from the Implementation and Analysis in Action of Accountability Programme (IAAAP) Somalia programme, as well as other relevant programmes. It describes the findings on the barriers and enablers to greater accountability in Somalia, as well as lessons on implementing programmes. It does not survey every accountability programme, or programme with accountability components, but instead focused on published evaluations and evidence syntheses. Several programmes, such as IAAAP, have sought to research, improve and learn lessons on accountability in Somalia. IAAAP ran from 2013 to 2019 and had a budget of GBP 23 million. It worked as an innovation laboratory to test models for greater accountability through adaptive programming. IAAAP worked on different themes, including civil society-state engagement, financial flows and extractive industries.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.

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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Zacchia, Giulia, and Izaskun Zuazu. The Wage Effect of Workplace Sexual Harassment: Evidence for Women in Europe. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp205.

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This article contributes to the literature on wage discrimination by examining the consequences of sexual harassment in the workplace on wages for women in Europe. We model the empirical relationship between sexual harassment risk and wages for European women employees using individual-level data provided by the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS, Eurostat). We find that sexual harassment risk has a negative and statistically significant effect on wages of -0.03% on average for women in Europe. However, our empirical analysis uncovers the importance of considering the dynamics of workplace power relations: analyzing individual-level data, we find evidence of a higher negative impact of sexual harassment risk on wages for women working in counter-stereotypical occupations. We conclude that the wage effect of hostile working conditions, mainly in terms of sexual harassment risk in the workplace, should be considered and monitored as a first critical step in making women be less vulnerable at work and increasing their bargaining power, thereby reducing inequalities in working conditions and pay in Europe.
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Butler, Nadia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, Barbara Muzzulini, and Olivia Tulloch,. Key Considerations: Improving Uptake of the COVID-19 Vaccine Amongst Women in South Sudan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.006.

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Disparities in vaccine equity exist on a global scale, but also within countries. While in high income countries slightly more women than men tend to be vaccinated, the opposite is true in low income countries. In South Sudan, as of September 2021, 28% of people who had received a COVID-19 vaccine were women. This rate then increased markedly, reaching 41% by January 2022. This brief explores some of the reasons behind the low uptake amongst women during the initial phases of the roll-out and the contributing factors to the increase over time. This brief draws on evidence from academic and grey literature, dashboards and datasets on COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and consultations with partners working in the COVID-19 response. It also reviews some of the interventions to increase uptake amongst women and provides considerations for partners working on vaccine demand promotion. It is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on social science considerations relating to COVID-19 vaccines and was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica (led by Nadia Butler). Contributions and reviews were provided from response partners in South Sudan and international experts (UNICEF, IFRC, South Sudan Red Cross, Internews, Anthrovisions Productions, WHO, WFP, and the Humanitarian Country Office and Anthrologica). It was requested by the UNICEF East and Southern Africa Regional Office (ESARO). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Birchall, Jenny. Intersectionality and Responses to Covid-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/cc.2021.003.

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There is a small but growing body of literature that discusses the benefits, challenges and opportunities of intersectional responses to the socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. There is a strong body of evidence pointing to the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 borne by women, who have suffered record job losses, been expected to take on even greater unpaid care burdens and home schooling responsibilities, and faced a “shadow pandemic” of violence against women and girls. However, gender inequalities cannot be discussed in isolation from other inequalities. Emerging literature stresses the importance of a Covid-19 recovery plan that addresses how gender intersects with class, race, disability, age, sexual orientation, geography, immigration status and religion or belief, and other factors such as employment, housing (and homelessness) and environmental and political stressors.
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Khemani, Shreya, Jharna Sahu, Maya Yadav, and Triveni Sahu. Interrogating What Reproduces a Teacher: A Study of the Working Lives of Teachers in Birgaon, Raipur. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf1307.2023.

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This study, situated in an industrial working-class neighbourhood in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, aims to look at what sustains and reproduces an elementary school teacher in low-fee private schools. Within a highly stratified system of education such as ours (NCERT 2005), both at the level of school and teacher education itself, as well as in the context of a highly stratified society—where the imagination and reality of ‘a teacher’ is informed as much by a historical domination of teaching by specific caste groups as it is by a contemporary reality in which the bulk of the teachers in schools across the country are women (UDISE+ 2019-20)—how do we understand the working lives of teachers and the work of teaching? This study thinks through this question by inquiring into the labouring lives of teachers in our fieldsite—centring tensions between productive and unproductive labour and paid and unpaid work.
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Kothari, Jayna, I. R. Jayalakshmi, Rohit Sharma, and Adhirai S. Intersections of Caste and Gender: Implementation of Devadasi Prohibition Laws. Centre for Law and Policy Research, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54999/hhej4927.

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CLPR’s policy brief on the Devadasi practice in States like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra investigates the prevalence of the Devadasi system and reviews the implementation of legislation prohibiting the practice. The policy brief pays close attention to the intersectional discrimination faced by Devadasi women due to their caste, class, and gender and suggests a range of recommendations from statutory amendments to regular empirical studies and training programs to strengthen the working of the legislation.
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