Academic literature on the topic 'Working period'

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Journal articles on the topic "Working period"

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Simon, Sunday, Norfaiezah Sawandi, and Mohamad Ali Abdul-Hamid. "Working Capital Management and Firm Performance." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 2, no. 2 (2018): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2018.2.2.47.

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This study examines the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance during and after the financial crisis of 2007-2008 in Nigeria. During the crisis, lending conditions were deeply affected, and financing operations became challenging for firms. Although research findings on the causes and effects of the crisis on the economy are known, what remains unknown is whether the financial crisis had a significant impact on WCM performance. This knowledge is essential for developing resilience to withstand a possible crisis in the future because vulnerability remains high as a result of the deepened integration of many economies. Thus, this study addresses this issue using a sample of 675 firm-year observations from listed firms on the Nigerian stock exchange for the period from 2007 to 2015. The differences between the two periods, the crisis period and then after the crisis period, is operationalised through two analyses. First, OLS regression analysis was conducted to determine the explanatory powers of WCM for the two periods via their R2s. Second, a test of difference using the Cramer Z-statistic for the two periods was conducted. The findings indicate that WCM variables have more explanatory power (R2) in the period after the crisis than during the crisis. Also, the results revealed that the Z-scores are significant, implying that a significant difference existed between the two periods. This means that WCM was affected during the financial crisis and led to low profitability, whereas, during the after-crisis period, WCM associates with higher profitability.
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Sobotka, Stanislaw, Mark D. Diltz, and James L. Ringo. "Can Delay-Period Activity Explain Working Memory?" Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (2005): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01002.2003.

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Working-memory tasks often lead to elevated delay-period discharge rates in cortical neurons. When this altered neuronal discharge rate, called delay activity, shows stimulus specificity, it is a good candidate for a neuronal mechanism of working memory. If the delay activity is indeed the carrier of memory, then experimental manipulation during the delay period that disrupts delay activity should also disrupt behavioral performance. We tested this hypothesis in two macaque monkeys with a delayed matching-to-sample task (delay time: 8 or 10 s) in which only two visual images were used. In each trial, one of the images was randomly chosen as the sample. In control trials (without disruptive stimulation), the monkeys performed at the level of 74.3% correct recognition. Three electrical stimulation levels (mild: a 0.25-s train of electrical pulses; medium: 1-s train; strong: 4 s), delivered to the hippocampal formation or to the orbito-frontal and inferotemporal cortices during delay period, decreased the performance to 71.4, 66.8, and 58.0% respectively (all are significantly less than control performance, P < 0.05 for mild stimulation and P < 0.0001 for other stimulation levels). Three hundred and thirty-four cells were recorded from inferotemporal (211 cells) and prefrontal (123 cells) cortices. Significant ( P < 0.05) stimulus-specific delay activity was found in about one-third of recorded cells. For these cells in control trials, the mean difference in delay-period spike rates between preferred and nonpreferred images was 26%. The electrical stimulation reduced this difference to 20% (not a statistically significant reduction) in trials with mild stimulation, to 14% ( P < 0.05) with medium stimulation, and just to 4% ( P < 0.0005) with strong stimulation. These results, that increasing electrical stimulation reduced neuronal selectivity and at the same time reduced behavioral performance, directly support the hypothesis that delay activity is the carrier of memory through the delay period.
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Justine, Levina, and Carunia Mulya Firdausy. "Pengaruh capital structure, working capital turnover, dan working capital management terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan kontraktor yang tercatat di BEI Indonesia." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 7, no. 2 (2023): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmbk.v7i2.23356.

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This study aims to analyze the effects of capital structure, working capital turnover, and working capital management on profitability of contracting companies in Indonesia for the period 2014-2019. Data sources were collected from financial report of contractor companies in Indonesia for the period 2014-2019 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Method used to analyze the data was Multiple regression analysis as suggested in the literature. The results of this study are as follows (1) both Capital Structure and Working Capital Turnover have partial effects on ROA in Contracting Companies in Indonesia for the period 2014-2019. (2) Working Capital Management has no partial affection ROA in Contracting Companies in Indonesia for the period 2014-2019. (3) There is a joint influence of Capital Structure, Working Capital Turnover, and Working Capital Management on ROA in Contracting Companies in Indonesia for the period 2014-2019.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh struktur modal, perputaran modal kerja, dan manajemen modal kerja terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan kontraktor yang terdaftar di Indonesia periode 2014-2019. Sumber data dikumpulkan dari laporan keuangan perusahaan kontraktor di Indonesia periode 2014-2019 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah analisis regresi berganda seperti yang disarankan dalam literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) adanya pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Perputaran Modal Kerja secara parsial terhadap ROA pada Perusahaan Kontraktor di Indonesia periode 2014-2019.(2) tidak adanya pengaruh Manajemen Modal Kerja terhadap ROA pada Perusahaan Kontraktor di Indonesia periode 2014-2019. (3) adanya pengaruh Struktur Modal, Perputaran Modal Kerja, dan Manajemen Modal Kerja secara simultan terhadap ROA pada Perusahaan Kontraktor di Indonesia periode 2014-2019.
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Towse, John N., Graham J. Hitch, Zoë Hamilton, Kirsty Peacock, and Una M. Z. Hutton. "Working Memory Period: The Endurance of Mental Representations." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 58, no. 3 (2005): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980443000098.

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Working memory span assesses the maximum number of items that can be remembered in the face of concurrent processing. Models of working memory differ on several dimensions, yet many rely exclusively on this span procedure for their evidence. Three experiments consider an alternative paradigm that attempts to capture the endurance limits for remembering a fixed number of items during concurrent processing. Eight-year-old children performed two versions of this working memory period measure—operation period and reading period. Period scores show healthy test–retest reliability and external validity for scholastic attainment, comparing well with span scores in these respects. In addition, period is highly correlated with span and shows similar effects of varying the order in which stimuli are presented. We conclude that the durability of representations is an important factor in both span and period.
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Rodger, Ailsa. "Working effectively with fathers during the perinatal period." Journal of Health Visiting 5, no. 11 (2017): 540–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2017.5.11.540.

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Duarte, Isabel. "Working with adolescents virtually during the Covid-19 period." Attachment: New Directions in Psychotherapy and Relational Psychoanalysis 15, no. 1 (2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/att.v15n1.2021.98.

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In this article, the author proposes to present her therapeutic work with adolescents during the Covid-19 period carried out remotely using Skype. Based on the theories that allow us to understand adolescence as a process of growth and transformation, it was possible to acknowledge the changes that took place in three adolescents in different stages of a relational therapy. The imposition of working virtually created a new way of practising psychotherapy, where the notions of transference and countertransference were essential for the understanding of the intra- and inter-psychic processes that take place in the internal world. Skype was the tool that made it possible to continue the relational presence for working with adolescents.
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Jin, Z., Y. Wang, and L. Li. "Eye movements during working memory retention period influence performance." Journal of Vision 13, no. 9 (2013): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.507.

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Hink, Johan Wilhelm. "On the Problem of Implementing Flexible Working Hours at an Enterprise." Business: Theory and Practice 7, no. (1) (2006): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2006.03.

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The major trends of working time variation at enterprises and in labour market show that it is constantly decreasing. At the same time, the number of pensioners is constantly growing Therefore, to maintain competitiveness and to get adapted to constantly changing conditions, enterprises should implement new flexible working time models. The implementation of these models means that a worker can freely choose the working hours. The important requirement is to maintain working time balance during a particular period of time.
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Zinatullina, Azalia Maratovna, Vadim Pavlovich Melnik, and Albina Aleksandrovna Zimina. "Personal factors of biological aging in working and non-working respondents in late maturity period." International journal of health sciences 5, no. 3 (2021): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v5n3.2790.

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The aim was to study the influence of personal factors on the index of individual biological aging in men and women of mature age who continue to work and those who no longer work. The participants were 347 people, including 212 women aged 56-65 years and 111 men aged 61-69 years. Measurement of biological age, relative biological aging index, assessment of subjective psychological age, expected retirement age, life path questionnaire. Biological age was estimated using a formula that included indicators of metabolism, the work of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and balance organ systems; a psychological health questionnaire was also used. The lowest index of relative biological aging was found in people who continued to work part-time. There is a relationship between the index of relative biological aging and one's characteristics. For men, the index was lowered by the following factors: changing the place of residence, continuing to work after retirement, a high indicator of the expected retirement age, and increased by living in a large city. For women, the index was lowered by the following factors: changing the place of residence, continuing to work after retirement, a high indicator of the expected retirement age, higher education, creative hobbies, studying after retirement.
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De, Petrus Emanuel, Rina Indiastuti ., and Erie Febrian . "The Integrated Measuring of Working Capital Management Efficiency on Financial Performance in Indonesia Stock Exchange." Information Management and Business Review 7, no. 3 (2015): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v7i3.1150.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the differences effect of working capital efficiency on financial performance during periods of crisis. The measurement is made during the crisis compared to the entire period of observation by using cash conversion cycle (CCC) and working capital policy (both investment policy and financing policy) on the profitability (by return on assets) and market value (by Tobin’s Q). Using all annual financial data of 104 manufacturing firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) over the period 2005-2013. These periods include the global financial crisis. The panel data set was developed for nine years, which produced 936 firms-years observations. This study uses multivariate regression models with hierarchical regression analysis approach. This approach uses the global financial crisis period as a dummy variable. The results showed that there were differences in the effect of the cash conversion cycle (and its components) and working capital policy on profitability during the crisis period compared to the whole period. In contrast, no differences effect the cash conversion cycle (and its components) and working capital policy on the value of the company in the crisis period compared to the whole period. The manufacturing industries do not apply the efficiency in the management of working capital. The global financial crisis tends the companies to change their working capital policy more efficiently. The researcher can extend this study by doing a qualitative research how to chief financial officers invest and finance day-by-day operation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Working period"

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Unnikrishnan, Ranjit Menon. "Enhanced controls for oxy-fuel fired batch tank during glass working period." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2604.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 130 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-101).
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Ercanli, Levent. "The Examimnation Of Metal Working Technology In Kultepe In Assyrian Trade Colonies Period." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614269/index.pdf.

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Metal played important role in the social and economic development of societies since its discovery. It is so important that the some part of humankind historical development were designated by the type of metal which was extensively used depending upon the level of technology of that period enabling the processing of metal like bronze age and iron age. In this frame, the rich metal deposits of Anatolia made this region a very important metal working and civilization center. K&uuml<br>ltepe where it was the center of the trade organization in Anatolia realized between Assur and Anatolia during 1945-1730 B.C called Assyrian Trade Colonies Period was one of the most important metal working center of Anatolia at that period. In this thesis, it is aimed to make a contribution to understand the metal working technology in K&uuml<br>ltepe by examining the uncovered metal artifacts dated to that period. For this purpose, the metal artifacts uncovered from K&uuml<br>ltepe Ancient Site belonging to Colonies Period which are exhibited in the Anatolian Civilization Museum were examined by portable XRF (PXRF) to obtain the quantity of elements that constituted the artifacts without giving any harm to the artifact. Besides the examination of exhibited artifacts in the Anatolian Civilization Museum, the uncovered metal artifact parts belonging to Colonies Period which are not suitable for exhibition and separated for studying were examined by energy dispersive X-ray unit of scanning electron microscope for elemental analysis and by X-ray diffraction for the analysis of minerals. The microstructures of artifacts were examined by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope for revealing the operations on metal applied by ancient metalsmith. In addition to analysis mentioned above, in order to make a contribution to understand the copper trade between K&uuml<br>ltepe and its environs lead isotope analysis of some samples from the separated metal artifacts for studying was also performed. As a result of all those analyses, it was concluded that K&uuml<br>ltepe ancient metalsmiths in Colonies Period had the knowledge to smelt the copper and to pour molten metal into a mold to produce an object of desired shape. Moreover, they also discovered that the addition of some elements to copper hardens the structure. In this frame the bronze to be obtained by deliberately adding of tin to copper was attained. In addition, they were aware of shaping the casted object by hammering. In the meantime, they had the knowledge of heat treatment that allows them forging the object many times till giving the desired shape without causing the fracture in the structure.
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Pinar, Ezgi. "Working Class Formation In The Democrat Party Period: Evaluating Class Consciousness Through Trade Union Publications." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611444/index.pdf.

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This thesis discusses the working class formation, particularly the class consciousness formation of the working class during the Democrat Party period. Class consciousness formation is evaluated as a dimension of class formation process. Getting organized, trade unionization and collective action, especially calling a strike are among the significant aspects of class consciousness formation. During the DP period, right to strike is the most controversial and noteworthy issue. It is the basic debate in the trade union newspapers. This is the reason of discussing class consciousness with reference to right to strike as handled by the trade union newspapers. According to this study, class consciousness should be perceived as a phenomenon composed of different levels. In addition, class struggle can take place in different ways and class consciousness can have different forms. Although, it is hard to say that there is a class consciousness in the Leninist sense of the term, it is possible to talk about an economic-corporate consciousness with Gramsci&rsquo<br>s words. Trade unionization during the DP period and trade union publications are important experience of the workers in class consciousness formation process. Working classes do not generally taken into consideration in the studies of the DP period and also in the researches on Turkish labor history. The study also asserts that, experiences of trade unions or the workers in general during the DP period are worth to analyze for the Turkish labor history.
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Dell, Erin. "Nurses' attitudes and experiences working with women receiving methadone maintenance therapy in the postnatal period." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50283.

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Abstract When working with women and infants on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), obstetrical nurses may encounter an array of challenges concerning preparation, assessment, workload, and fostering a positive relationship with patient families. Obstetrical nurses also have distinct ways in which they work with each woman to build rapport and provide quality, safe, and effective care. Many research studies have focused on how nurses’ attitudes toward addiction and substances use impacts the quality of care provided, but few studies have explored the experiences of obstetrical nurses caring for women on MMT. This study addresses this knowledge gap, providing insight into how obstetrical nurses provide health care to women and infants on MMT. The findings indicated that most participants drew on personal ideals about mothering, a collaborative team approach, and a non-judgmental attitude to meet the needs of the families on MMT. That said, most participants also recognized their lack of education surrounding MMT and how this impacted the care they provided. Many participants also reported difficulty establishing a positive relationship due to structural constraints - such as workload and staffing - which affected the time required to provide effective bedside care. Finally, this study highlights opportunities to learn how to increase understanding of nurses’ experiences working with women on MMT.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Nursing, School of<br>Graduate
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Mak, Zanete Tsz Huen. "Mothers' perceptions of working in partnership with early years professionals through a period of transition." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566819.

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What are parents' experiences of support when their children are identified as having social skills needs? This dissertation explores mothers' perception of support for their children during the transition period from preschool into primary education. The research is focused on a small sample of families who were taking part in the Play and Learning to Socialise (PALS) programme. However, it has wider implications as it aims to broaden our understanding of the experience and perception of this group of mothers. They are often the primary carer for their child with identified social difficulties. This study involved the participation of six mothers whose children were in the 'Early Years' of their education. The data was collected in semi- structured interviews and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The results of this research project suggested that although the six mothers were in similar situations, each of them had a unique experience during this transition period of their child's academic experience. This further reminds us that understanding every individual story within their unique social context requires each case to be explored in a holistic way. In general, this research revealed many important aspects of the mothers' experiences and the need for a greater awareness to benefit a more effective 2 parent-staff working partnership. These important aspects include contradictory beliefs about the level of the child's development, emotions aroused during the problem-solving process, feeling of self-doubt about the parents' role and responsibility, and the changes in the relationship with staff between preschool and reception. These can all add to the mothers' negative experiences which are fraught with complex feelings and dilemmas. The findings in this research also highlighted the importance of social inclusion for mothers with young children. Their desire to be socially included can have a major impact on their emotions, social identity, and actions to support their child. This will also affect their preferred style of working partnership with the school staff. The findings of this study raised concern and awareness of the mothers' views and rights during the decision-making process about the young children's needs. It also highlighted the need for further guidance on parent- staff partnership, especially with regard to the responsibilities and expectations which need to be communicated and dealt with according to the different circumstances of each family.
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Wiggan, Jay. "Employment and budgeting decisions of low-income working families over a period of welfare reform." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13109/.

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This study examines the implicit assumptions underpinning reforms to the tax and benefit system by the Labour Governments since 1997. It questions whether individuals are income-maximising individuals responsive to changes in the costs and benefits associated with employment. The Working Families' Tax Credit and its replacements the Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit, elements of the Government's strategy for encouraging employment and reducing child poverty (HM Treasury, 2001), contain an unspoken acceptance of a particular 'rational economic man' model of behaviour. Recent sociological research around employment and parenting indicates that decision-making is more nuanced than the rational economic model allows. Duncan and Edwards (1999) suggest instead a 'gendered moral rationalities' model, placing specific socially negotiated moral understandings of children's needs at the centre of employment decisions, with financial incentives, a secondary concern. A central question of this thesis is therefore, do prior policy assumptions about employment and budgeting decisions accord with reality? How has the reform of the tax and benefit system affected decision-making around employment and family budgeting, and what has it meant for individuals and their families? Little longitudinal qualitative research has been conducted into the employment and family budgeting decisions made by families in receipt of tax credits and how these alter over time. Based on two waves of interviews with lone parent and couple families receiving income from the tax credit system this study, as such, contributes to the above debates about employment and budgeting behaviour. The study suggests there is a need to focus greater attention on the temporality of decision-making, as economic and social processes are themselves temporally situated. Participants sought a 'welfare balance' that reconciled their current commitments to care and material needs. Decisions shifted in response to changes in policy structures, notions of moral behaviour, caring responsibilities and financial needs over time.
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Kelley, Andrew Joseph. "Thaumaturgic prowess : autonomous and dependent miracle-working in Mark's Gospel and the Second Temple period." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25969.

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In this thesis, I argue that Mark undergirds his high view of Jesus by characterizing him as an autonomous miracle-worker. In chapter one, I provide a history of literature regarding miracles, Mark, and the identity of Jesus. In chapter two, I demonstrate that the inclusion of deferment in miracle-narratives ranging from the Old Testament to Josephus’ Jewish Antiquities, is nearly ubiquitous. That is, human miracle-workers that appear in narratives do not act autonomously: rather, they show clear and explicit dependence on God to perform their miracles. In chapter three, I demonstrate that deferment is not only an essential charactersitic of miracles in narratives, but also in non-narrative texts from Qumran to the great many extant magical materials. In chapter four, I show that Jesus’ miracle-working in Mark, unlike the miracle-working surveyed in chapters two and three, is autonoumous. Additionally, I suggest that Mark uses this autonomous miracle-working, at crucial places in the gospel, to illustrate his high view of Jesus. In chapter five I draw a distinction between Mark’s characterization of Jesus and other miracle-workers he depicts in the narrative. In this final chapter, I argue that Jesus’ autonomous miracle-working is not an idiosyncratic feature of Mark’s writing style, but integral to his characterization of Jesus. Mark portrays other miracle-workers in the Gospel as dependent on either God or Jesus to perform miracles which further supports his high view of Jesus.
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Otermans, Pauldy Cornelia Johanna. "A comparison of behavioural and functional neuroanatomical correlates of executive functions in multitasking and working memory." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16201.

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This thesis aims to explore the role of executive functions in multitasking. Research has shown that severe performance decrements often arise in dual-task performance, also called multitasking, as compared to single task performance. This reflects a limitation in processing temporally overlapping information. Interference between tasks arises due to a bottleneck process limited to processing only one task at a time. It has been proposed that this interference is resolved by executive functions. However, the dual-task paradigm employed in this thesis, Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm, (Pashler, 1994) is typically investigated in the field of human action performance, and the exact concept of executive functions remains underspecified. However, while underspecified in the area of action performance, executive functions have been investigated in detail in the field of memory research, more specifically in the context of working memory (WM). Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether the executive functions in PRP are related to the executive functions as discussed in the context of WM. To test this question, we combined the PRP paradigm with a WM task, creating a complex WM span task. If the executive functions of WM and PRP are indeed related, then an interaction between the two tasks should be evident. Participants were presented with a sequence of letters to remember, followed by a processing block in which they had to perform either a single task or a dual-task, and finally were asked to recall the letters. Results (Chapter 2) showed that recall performance decreased when performing a dual-task as compared to performing a single task. This supports the assumption that PRP dual-tasks demand executive functions of WM. Following this, two other experiments were performed each with a different parametric modulation of the processing demands of the PRP dual task; response order (fixed vs random; Chapter 3) and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA, short vs long; Chapter 4) of the component tasks. Recall performance was lower after a more difficult dual-task compared to an easier dual-task, which again indicates that demands on executive functions are increased in the dual-task. While previous neuroscientific research indeed showed that dual-tasks as well as WM tasks rely on lateral-prefrontal cortices (LPFC), it remains unknown whether both tasks activate the same areas or different sub-areas of the LPFC. Therefore, this study (Chapter 6) investigated how the neuroanatomical correlates of both dual-task and WM compare to each other. The brain activation for the PRP and WM tasks showed considerable overlap as well as some differentiation. Both tasks activated, among other areas, the inferior frontal junction. With respect to differences, the PRP task activated more the inferior middle frontal gyrus (MFG) whilst the WM component activated more the superior MFG. Thus, results support the assumption that PRP dual-tasks demand the executive functions of WM. This will allow us to inform theoretical models of cognition and to get a better understanding of human cognition. Future studies can build on this in order to create a more consolidated conceptualisation of the relationship between WM and multitasking.
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Brunaldi, Eduardo Ottoboni. "Does the nature of large projects affect the financing decisions over the investment period ?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-17012019-162941/.

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We develop a theoretical model based on Tirole (2006) where the nature of large investments, namely capital expenditure, research and development and working capital, affects the financing choice during the investment period. We use a sample comprised by American companies in the 1980-2017 period. We employ several econometric and graphic analyses to test our hypotheses. Our results are robust and consistent with Trade-off Theory predictions. Our model\'s propositions are empirically verified for all cases: (i) In CAPEX projects, firms use equity to finance the initial stages and debt to finance the last stages; (ii) throughout the R&D investment period, firms decrease debt and use equity to finance the project. Additionally, for large working capital projects, we show that firms use internal resources in the initial periods and, then, switch the source to debt, aiming the reduction of the deviation from the target leverage.<br>Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos um modelo teórico baseado em Tirole (2006) em que a natureza de grandes projetos de investimentos, a saber: CAPEX, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e Capital de Giro, afeta as decisões de financiamento durante o período de investimentos. Nossa amostra é composta por empresas americanas e refere-se ao período de 1980 a 2017. Nós adotamos uma série de análises econométricas e gráficas para testar nossas hipóteses. Os resultados são robustos e consistentes com a teoria do Trade-off. As proposições do modelo são empiricamente verificadas: (i) nos projetos de CAPEX, as empresas usam capital próprio para financiar o projeto em seus estágios iniciais e dívida para os estágios finais; (ii) durante um investimento de P\\&D, empresas diminuem seu endividamento, financiando o projeto com recursos próprios externos. Adicionalmente, para grandes investimentos em capital de giro, nossos resultados sugerem que as firmas usam recursos internos durante os estágios iniciais do projeto e, em seguida, trocam a fonte de financiamento para dívida, objetivando a redução do desvio em direção ao endividamento alvo.
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Critchley, David. "Working practices and malpractices in the ports of Liverpool, London and New York, with special reference to the period 1945 to 1972." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2003. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5634/.

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Books on the topic "Working period"

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Golovnoĭ irkutskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ pedagogicheskiĭ institut. Industrialʹnye i selʹskokhozi︠a︡ĭstvennye rabochie Vostochnoĭ Sibiri v sovetskiĭ period. Irkutskiĭ gos. pedagog. in-t, 1994.

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Institut istorii i arkheologii (Akademii͡a nauk SSSR. Uralʹskoe otdelenie), ред. Tekhnicheskiĭ progress i sot͡sialʹnai͡a aktivnostʹ rabochego klassa v perekhodnyĭ period: Informat͡sionnye materialy. UrO AN SSSR, 1989.

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V, Adamov V., Olʹkhovai͡a︡ L. V, Sutyrin B. A, and Uralʹskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. A.M. Gorʹkogo., eds. Rabochie Urala v period kapitalizma, 1861-1917: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Uralʹskiĭ gos. universitet, 1985.

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Blaze, O'Connor, Cooney Gabriel, and Chapman John, eds. Materialitas: Working stone, carving identity. Oxbow Books, 2009.

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O'Connor, Blaze. Materialitas: Working stone, carving identity. Oxbow Books, 2009.

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Atamămmedov, N. V. Profsoi︠u︡zy Turkmenistana v period perekhoda k razvitomy sot︠s︡ialismu. Ylym, 1985.

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Galil, Gershon. The lower stratum families in the Neo-Assyrian period. Brill, 2007.

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Bogdanović, Mirjana. The Serbian labour movement in the period 1903-1914. M. Bogdanović, 1988.

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Gavrilov, D. V. Rabochie Urala v period domonopolisticheskogo kapitalizma, 1861-1900: Chislennost', sostav,polozhenie. Nauka, 1985.

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Sweden. Styrelsen för internationell utveckling. and Trung tâm nghiên cứu khoa học vè̂ lao động nữ (Vietnam), eds. Female labour force in industry in Vietnam in period of renovation. Institute for Labour and Social Policy, Research Center for Female Labour Force, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Working period"

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Hartz, Donna, and Leona McGrath. "Working with Indigenous Families." In Psychosocial Resilience and Risk in the Perinatal Period. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315656854-4.

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Barber, John. "Working-Class Culture and Political Culture in the 1930s." In The Culture of the Stalin Period. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20651-3_1.

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Wärvik, Gun-Britt, and Per-Olof Thång. "Conditions for Learning During a Period of Change. Dilemmas and Disturbances on the Production Floor." In Learning, Working and Living. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522350_12.

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deJong, Jeanette. "Suit Jackets, Sports Coats, Blazers, and Period Indoor Coats." In A Working Costume Designer’s Guide to Fit. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351131353-12.

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Baadj, Amar S. "Šarḥ, Iḫtiṣār, and Late-Medieval Legal Change – A Working Paper." In History and Society during the Mamluk Period (1250–1517). V&R unipress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737006200.125.

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"“The Hell-Raising Period Is Over”:." In A New Working Class. University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1f45qrx.10.

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Omona, Kizito. "Bleeding." In Fibroids [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94079.

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Fibroid, also called leiomyomas, is common tumor of the uterus. Usually, women of reproductive age are at risk of getting it. However, majority of these women develop fibroid (s) by the age of 50 years. This condition usually causes painful and unpleasant symptoms such as; heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, inter-menstrual bleeding, abdominal pain and cramps, anemia, pelvic pain and pain during sexual intercourse, among others. Abnormal bleeding, such as bleeding that occurs with fibroids and heavy periods, often lasts more than 10 days per month. This fibroid symptom involves persistent bleeding between cycles, which can severely impact one’s quality of life. Abnormal bleeding, especially in fibroids, can be taken as missing three or more periods in a woman who had been having regular monthly period, or periods that last less than 21 days or more than 35 days apart from each other. Another indication of an abnormal period is bleeding through multiple pads and tampons in a short amount of time.
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Snedaker, Susan. "Working with Domain Controllers." In The Best Damn Windows Server 2003 Book Period. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-193183612-8/50018-0.

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Snedaker, Susan. "Working with Forests and Domains." In The Best Damn Windows Server 2003 Book Period. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-193183612-8/50015-5.

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Snedaker, Susan. "Working with Active Directory Sites." In The Best Damn Windows Server 2003 Book Period. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-193183612-8/50017-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Working period"

1

Melo, Luis, Geoff Burton, Stephen Warwick, and Peter Wild. "Experimental investigation of long period grating working in transition mode." In OFS2014 23rd International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, edited by José M. López-Higuera, Julian D. C. Jones, Manuel López-Amo, and José L. Santos. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2059464.

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Milošević, Žikica, Ivana Katić, Andrea Ivanišević, and Danijela Ćirić Lalić. "Creating an Effective Working Environment in the Post-pandemic Period." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2023.39.

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The paper recommends creating a “hybrid” model in which remote workers can come to the office attend meetings or come to the workplace at regular intervals. It is recommended to work in the office on specific days to achieve optimal balance. Finally, the paper argues that the future lies in hy­brid and flexible work environments, which in most cases are neither fully re­mote nor fully “on-site”. However, priority is given to both manual and service work. Nevertheless, when it comes to non-manual jobs and the creative indus­tries, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The tailor-made approach for each employee can lead to the hoped-for increase in work performance through the formation of teams that would have flexible work routines so that each employee can maximize their results and utilize the best-suited environment, which will ultimately benefit the company and its profit.
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Dominik, Magdalena, Predrag Mikulic, Wojtek J. Bock, and Mateusz Śmietana. "Reflection configuration of long period grating sensor working at dispersion turning point." In Electron Technology Conference ELTE 2016, edited by Barbara Swatowska, Wojciech Maziarz, Tadeusz Pisarkiewicz, and Wojciech Kucewicz. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2263480.

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Serebryakov, P. V., E. A. Denisova, M. V. Zolotova, D. A. Ishimbaev, and Yu M. Faizova. "Respiratory system in the post-exposure period occupational diseases." In The II-nd International Scientific and practical conference «WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH» (ISPC «WEH-2025»). FSBSI «IRIOH»; MedEveri Scientific and Practical Center LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-3-8-2025-1-60-63.

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The problem of occupational respiratory diseases (ORD) remains relevant today. ORD continues to occupy a leading place in the structure of death causes from work-related diseases. Many forms of ORD can occur with gradual progression. This article discusses the results of pulmonary hypertension formation some features study, as well as bone and mineral metabolism in patients with established ORD.
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Семенченко, А. В. "COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IN WORKING WITH COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARTNERS DURING A CRISIS PERIOD." In Антология российской психотерапии и психологии. Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2025.22.20.001.

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Статья посвящена применению методов когнитивно-поведенческой терапии (КПТ) в работе с коммуникационными трудностями между партнерами в кризисный период. Основная цель статьи — рассмотреть, каким образом КПТ может помочь партнерам восстановить эффективную коммуникацию и наладить взаимодействие в условиях стресса. В статье описаны основные техники КПТ, направленные на работу с автоматическими мыслями, ошибочными убеждениями и деструктивными моделями поведения, которые усугубляют конфликты в паре. Особое внимание уделено обучению партнеров навыкам осознанного слушания, управления эмоциями и развитию способности к конструктивному разрешению конфликтов. Также статья рассматривает важность работы с триггерами, которые вызывают негативные реакции у каждого из партнеров, и демонстрирует, как использование техник КПТ помогает создавать условия для восстановления доверия и взаимопонимания. В заключение подчеркивается значимость интеграции когнитивно-поведенческих подходов в терапию семейных и межличностных отношений, особенно в моменты кризиса, когда необходима поддержка и коррекция дисфункциональных паттернов общения. Статья предназначена для специалистов в области психологии и психотерапии, работающих с семейными парами, а также для всех интересующихся вопросами межличностной коммуникации и методов её улучшения в сложных жизненных обстоятельствах. The article is devoted to the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) methods in working with communication difficulties between partners during a crisis period. The main purpose of the article is to consider how CBT can help partners restore effective communication and establish interaction under stress. The article describes the main CBT techniques aimed at working with automatic thoughts, erroneous beliefs and destructive patterns of behavior that aggravate conflicts in a couple. Particular attention is paid to teaching partners the skills of conscious listening, managing emotions and developing the ability to constructively resolve conflicts. The article also examines the importance of dealing with triggers that cause negative reactions in each partner, and demonstrates how using CBT techniques helps create conditions for restoring trust and mutual understanding. In conclusion, the importance of integrating cognitive behavioral approaches into family and interpersonal relationship therapy is emphasized, especially in times of crisis, when support and correction of dysfunctional communication patterns are needed. The article is intended for specialists in the field of psychology and psychotherapy working with married couples, as well as for anyone interested in interpersonal communication and methods of its improvement in difficult life circumstances.
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Pilla, P., P. Foglia Manzillo, V. Malachovska, et al. "Long period gratings working in transition mode as a valuable technological platform for biosensing." In 20th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, edited by Julian D. C. Jones. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.835129.

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Ardy, Husaini, Azhar Isti Hanifah, and Arie Wibowo. "Thermal stability study of commercial lube oil at moderate temperature and long working period." In THE 14TH JOINT CONFERENCE ON CHEMISTRY 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005275.

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Dudek, Bogumil, Marek Loboda, Pawel Kubica, and Lukasz Nazimek. "An outline of over 45 year period of live working technology development in Poland." In 2022 13th International Conference on Live Maintenance (ICOLIM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icolim56184.2022.9840617.

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Paladino, D., A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, W. J. Bock, and A. Cusano. "Tapered long-period fiber gratings working in inverted mode through all-fiber ring shaped illumination." In 21st International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS21). SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.886012.

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Sadhuputri, Andie, and Arie Damayanti. "Children's Education Attainment: The Effects of Mothers' Go Working on the Children's Golden Age Period." In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.40.

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Reports on the topic "Working period"

1

Carroll, David, and Daniel Bausch. Environmental Emissions Nonenergy Benefits Working Paper: ARRA Period. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223074.

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Nishiura, Sadatsugu. Working Paper PUEAA No. 4. Tama New Town Revitalization Policy and its Major Projects. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.002r.2022.

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In the period after the Second World War, the phenomenon of migration from rural to urban areas increased dramatically, this posed a new series of challenges for cities that saw their infrastructure and their space taken to the limit. But now the new Japanese urban developments seek to reverse this by making cities more friendly places for both the individual and the environment. Taking into consideration both socioeconomic and environmental factors, these new projects seek to create coexistence and co-development that improves the quality of life in cities from their very design, as a way to help combat social inequalities, but also to help the cities’ sustainability.
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TABUNOV, I. A., A. P. LAPINA, M. M. KOSTYCHEV, P. S. BEREZINA, and A. V. NIKIFOROVA. METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR COACHES WORKING WITH CHILD ATHLETES ENGAGED IN ROCK CLIMBING. SIB-Expertise, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0621.06122022.

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The methodological guide will present aspects that will be useful for coaches in working with their students, in particular psychological work with athletes during the training process and during the competition, and specifically in the pre-start period. It is important for the coach to teach the athlete the techniques of psychological protection, including restoring the stability control system, reducing feelings of anxiety and countering it. It is important to carry out special psychological training. Including effective preparation for competition, based on: social values; formation of mental "internal support"; overcoming psychological barriers. Every day the degree of development and influence of sports reaches a new level. Also, the requirements for athletes in technical, physical and tactical readiness are increasing, respectively, the result of competitive activity will already be determined by readiness and psychological attitude. Psychological preparation is a process aimed at creating a state of mental readiness for competition in athletes. This should be considered the subject of psychological preparation for competitions in sports.
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McDonald, D. W. Instrumentation and Controls Division Progress Report for the Period July 1, 1994, to December 31, 1997: Working Together on New Horizons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1961.

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Doyle, C., A. Truitt, D. Inda, R. Lawrence, R. Lockhart, and M. Golden. Solar Access to Public Capital (SAPC) Working Group: Best Practices in PV System Installation; Version 1.0, March 2015; Period of Performance, October 2014 - September 2015. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215054.

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Cai, Julie. Labor Market Volatility and Worker Financial Wellbeing: An Occupational and Gender Perspective. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp217.

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One emerging but underexplored factor that is likely to contribute to group racial earnings disparity is unstable work schedules. This is often detrimental for hourly workers when volatility is frequent, involuntary, or unanticipated. Using data from 2005-2022 monthly Current Population Survey and its panel design, this study follows a group of hourly workers across a four-month period to assess whether labor market volatility relates to their financial well-being, focusing on low-wage care and service occupations as well as female workers and workers of color. The findings are threefold: In general, during economic expansion periods, nonwhite workers often benefit more in terms of wage growth compared to their white counterparts. Second, net of other characteristics, on average, greater volatility is associated with lower earnings, and this is mostly driven by those holding jobs in low-wage service sectors and health care support roles. Last, the earnings consequences of volatility vary significantly by the type of low-wage jobs a worker holds and their gender and race, but this is only true when volatility happens in a job. Specifically, when working within the same employment spell, female workers, particularly those of color and those working in low-wage service and care jobs, earn significantly less when facing greater volatility than their male counterparts or those working in non-service, non-care occupations.
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Simpson, Pauline, ed. Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices Workshop IV, 18; 21-25 & 30 Sep 2020 [Online]: Proceedings, Volumes 1 & 2. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.3.

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The 4th Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices Workshop was held online during the period 17-30 September 2020, addressing community needs for advanced method development and implementation in ocean observations, data management and application. The proceedings for the subject workshop are provided in 2 volumes. Volume 1 addresses the meeting overview, and Volume 2 - Annexes includes the complete Working Group reports.
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Salonen, Hilma, Maria Bobrinskaya, Hjördís Guðmundsdóttir, Maja Brynteson, Anna Berlina, and Eva Maersk. Wherever I lay my hat: Early career migration drivers and preferences. Nordregio, 2025. https://doi.org/10.6027/wp2025:1.1403-2511.

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What drives young adults in the Nordic region to stay, move, or return to their place of origin? This working paper explores the migration patterns and settlement preferences of Nordic individuals aged 25-39—a key period for long-term relocation decisions. Grounded in the Competence Mobility II project, the study examines how career opportunities, social ties, and lifestyle aspirations influence mobility choices across the region.
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Keating, T. J., A. Walker, and K. Ardani. Solar Access Public Capital (SAPC) Working Group: Best Practices in PV Operations and Maintenance; Version 1.0, March 2015; Period of Performance, January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2015. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215055.

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Bwerinofa, Iyleen Judy, Jacob Mahenehene, Makiwa Manaka, et al. Living Through a Pandemic: Competing Covid-19 Narratives in Rural Zimbabwe. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.058.

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Through a real time analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic across rural Zimbabwe, this Working Paper explores the competing narratives that framed responses and their politics. Based on 20 moments of reflection over two years, together with ongoing document and media analysis and an intensive period of qualitative interviewing, a complex, dynamic story of the pandemic ‘drama’ emerges, which contrasts with snapshot perspectives. Across the period, a science-led public health narrative intersects with a security and control narrative promoted by the state and is countered by a citizens’ narrative that emphasises autonomy, independence, and local innovation. The politics of this contestation over narratives about appropriate pandemic responses are examined over three periods – reflecting different waves of infection – and in relation to two conjunctures – an early, strict lockdown and the rollout of vaccines. Different narratives gain ascendancy and overlap at different times, but a local citizen-led narrative emerges strongly in the context of heavy-handed lockdowns, inadequate state capacity, and struggles around rural livelihoods. The pandemic has reshaped relationships between the state and citizens in important ways, with self-reliance rooted in local resilience central to local pandemic responses.
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