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Journal articles on the topic 'Workplace equity and accessibility'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Demartoto, Argyo. "The workers with Disabilities’ Access to Workplace Inclusion in Postmodern Model Perspective." Jurnal Studi Pemuda 7, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.39157.

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People with disabilities are often labeled negatively and treated discriminatively within community, including in workplace, so that only a few of them are absorbed in either formal or informal job. Meanwhile, they are entitled to get productive and reasonable job in order to realize their aspiration, to improve their life condition, and to participate actively within community. This article studies the workers with disabilities’ access to workplace inclusion in Postmodern Model Perspective in Surakarta. Accidental sampling was used to select informant; data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interview, and document. Data validation was carried out using method and data source triangulations. The result of research showed that the access of the workers with disabilities to workplace inclusion has not been optimal yet, because the opportunity was still more limited compared with that for their non-disabled counterparts. Although inclusive work environment has diverse potential human resources and the workers with disabilities’ perspective, creativity, innovation, and problem solving ability have not been utilized maximally. In the construction process, workers with disabilities should actively participate in planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation so that the guarantee of workers with disabilities’ accessibility to building, transportation and communication media, workplace inclusion and many facilities can be met. The improvement of accessibility in the term of independency, rehabilitation, and social grant, and the maintenance of social wellbeing level and equal right to grow and to develop people with disabilities’ talent, ability, and social life are important to develop workplace inclusion. Prioritizing and respecting pluralism, equity, dignity, and active public participation simultaneously and sustainably will lead to the realization of inclusive society.

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Sener, Ipek N., and Richard J. Lee. "Active Travel Behavior in a Border Region of Texas and New Mexico: Motivators, Deterrents, and Characteristics." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 8 (August 2017): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0503.

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Background:Active travel has been linked with improved transportation and health outcomes, such as reduced traffic congestion and air pollution, improved mobility, accessibility, and equity, and increased physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to better understand active travel characteristics, motivators, and deterrents in the El Paso, TX, region.Methods:A multimodal transportation survey brought together elements of transportation and health, with a focus on attitudinal characteristics. The analysis consisted of an initial descriptive analysis, spatial analysis, and multivariate binary and ordered-response models of walking and bicycling behavior.Results:The motivators and deterrents of active travel differed for walkers, bicyclists, and noncyclists interested in bicycling. The link between active travel and life satisfaction was moderated by age, with a negative association for older travelers. This effect was stronger for bicycling than it was for walking.Conclusions:Based on the findings, several interventions to encourage walking and bicycling were suggested. These included infrastructure and built environment enhancements, workplace programs, and interventions targeting specific subpopulations.

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Zhu, Pengyu, Yong-Hong Kuo, Marlon Ives Tanuihusada, Wei Qiang, and Jie Wang. "Where do taxi trips start and end? Implications For Future Car-sharing For Commuting." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-439-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The impact of built environment on travel behaviour has long been an actively researched topic. However, many researches are focusing on the travel behaviour regarding to the choice of passengers on using public transport such as buses and subways, or private means such as private cars. Taxi, as a historical mean of public transport has not been widely researched in term of its relationship with the built environment.</p><p>Considering taxi as a practical, comfortable, and direct (door-to-door) means of transport, it is still widely used alongside with other available public transport modes either as a supplemental mode toward the buses and subways, or to accomplish the whole journey of a passenger. Of particular interest to transportation planners and policymakers is that a taxi trip which drives a passenger from a home to a bus stop or subway station, and vice versa might signifies its uses as either a first-mile trip or last-mile trip provider, supporting the inability of our public transit system to solve that problem in general. Therefore, the first research question of this paper is to investigate whether taxi has been able to increase urban accessibility via providing connection between homes and transit stations (i.e. subway stations or bus stops). Our model will control for a series of built environment features, especially the number of jobs within 100m of a transit station. Note that some commuters’ taxi drop-off locations are indeed their workplace while others are simply the access points where they enter the public transit network (a.k.a. the first mile issue we mentioned). We use the variable ‘number of jobs within 100m of a transit station’ to rule out the blurring effect of the first scenario in which drop-off locations are workplaces. This is an important identification strategy for our first research question.</p><p>Aside from its function as a first-mile trip or last-mile trip provider and its relationship with the urban built environment, taxi has been commonly accepted as a mean of transport with significantly higher fare than either bus or subway, which is certainly an indicator of passengers’ economic profile. In the meantime, racial minority groups tend to live in relatively separated areas, as referred in the residential segregation and spatial mismatch literature. These racial minority neighbourhoods, or racial and ethnic enclaves, often do not have good accessibility to public transit network. If we do find taxi is serving as a first-mile or last-mile trip provider, how is it related to the residential segregation of racial minority groups? Is it simply an affordability issue (i.e. determined by income)? Or are there something more that are inherent in the phenomenon of residential segregation? With this in mind, the second research question of this paper is to investigate whether taxi originations have been disproportionately low in racial minority neighbourhoods, after taking into account of income and a variety of other demographic and socioeconomic factors. If it is so, (relatively) affordable car sharing schemes provided by Uber, Lyft, and other subsidized vanpool programs might become very important for connecting these minority neighbourhoods to existing transit networks. The findings of this part would have important implications for equitable transportation planning and policymaking.</p><p>Combining big data analytics and traditional spatial statistical approach, the contributions of this paper are mainly two folds. First, it helps us understand whether taxi has been able to increase urban accessibility via providing connection between homes and transit stations (i.e. subway stations or bus stops). Second, it provides insights on whether taxi originations have been disproportionately low in racial minority neighbourhoods, raising transport equity concerns over a simple affordability issue.</p><p>This research aims to examine 1) whether taxi has been able to increase urban accessibility via providing connection between homes and transit stations (i.e. subway stations or bus stops); 2) whether taxi originations have been disproportionately low in racial minority neighbourhoods, raising transport equity concerns over a simple affordability issue.</p>

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Antipova, Anzhelika, Salima Sultana, Yujie Hu, and James P. Rhudy. "Accessibility and Transportation Equity." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093611.

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5

ADAY, LU ANN. "Equity, Accessibility, and Ethical Issues." American Behavioral Scientist 36, no. 6 (July 1993): 724–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764293036006005.

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6

Ermagun, Alireza, and Nebiyou Tilahun. "Equity of transit accessibility across Chicago." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 86 (September 2020): 102461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102461.

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7

West, Darrell M. "Equity and Accessibility in E-Government." Journal of E-Government 1, no. 2 (April 15, 2005): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j399v01n02_03.

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8

Gayle, Barbara Mae. "Sex equity in workplace conflict management." Journal of Applied Communication Research 19, no. 3 (August 1991): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909889109365300.

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9

Stokes, Eleanor C., and Karen C. Seto. "Tradeoffs in environmental and equity gains from job accessibility." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 42 (October 1, 2018): E9773—E9781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807563115.

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Increasing job accessibility is considered key to urban sustainability progress, both from an environmental and from a social perspective. However, sustainability outcomes depend on the processes contributing to accessibility trends, not just the trends themselves. Here, we ask whether sustainability benefits have followed from accessibility trends in the United States. We measure changes in accessibility from 2002 to 2014 across 909 US urban areas and decompose these changes to understand underlying infrastructure and land use processes. Our results show that job accessibility has increased across 74% of urban areas for the average resident, using both cars and transit. However, most of these accessibility gains were not achieved in ways that are inherently beneficial to environmental or social sustainability. In some urban areas, accessibility increases were conducive to reducing emissions, while in others, accessibility increases were conducive to reducing social inequities. However, accessibility increases almost never created a simultaneous social and environmental “win–win,” as is often assumed. Our findings highlight how the spatial patterns of urbanization create tradeoffs between different facets of sustainability. Identifying where social objectives take precedence over environmental objectives (or vice versa) could help determine how accessibility increases can be accomplished to contribute to a more sustainable urban future.

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Kwiek, Marek. "Accessibility and Equity, Market Forces, and Entrepreneurship." Higher Education Management and Policy 20, no. 1 (January 14, 2008): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/hemp-v20-art5-en.

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Grengs, Joe. "Nonwork Accessibility as a Social Equity Indicator." International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 9, no. 1 (July 17, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2012.719582.

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Bareket-Bojmel, Liad, and Avichai Shuv-Ami. "The brand is my workplace." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 818–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2017-0176.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to adapt the well-established concept of “brand equity” in order to define and measure employer branding and its organizational consequences. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilized structural equation modeling with a large sample of 600 employees to test the proposition that organizational brand equity (OBE) is translated into attitudes toward the workplace (organizational commitment) and has possible behavioral consequences (turnover intentions). Findings The study findings provide support for a partial mediation model. In addition to a direct association between OBE and turnover intentions, organizational commitment mediates the relationships between OBE and turnover intentions within a 12-month period. Originality/value Employer branding research is heterogeneous in terms of measurement tools and scope. This paper is part of an emerging perspective that suggests the adoption of the brand equity concept from marketing into the field of OB. This paper investigates the relationships between brand equity, employees’ commitment and turnover intentions. Well-established measures and a large-scale sample of 602 participants are used.

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Kim, Donghyun, and Jina Park. "Assessing Social and Spatial Equity of Neighborhood Retail and Service Access in Seoul, South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 8537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208537.

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Creating a sustainable urban space should allow everyone to benefit from urbanization regardless of their ability. Spatial equity is one of the significant factors of sustainability. Several studies have explored pedestrian accessibility and spatial equity, but few researchers have addressed daily retail activities. This study aimed to examine the equity of pedestrian accessibility to neighborhood retail and service (NRS) establishments in Seoul, Korea. Accessibility of NRSs was measured by pedestrian direction API and spatially clustered by local indicators of spatial association (LISA). Equity was examined using the Mann–Whitney U test to test the difference between socioeconomic and built environment variables between high and low accessibility areas. We found that vulnerable groups favored access to the NRSs over more affluent groups. This study’s results suggest that urban planners and designers should contemplate ways to enhance the walkability of the residents and continually monitor accessibility to prevent urban problems, such as food deserts and retail deserts. Additionally, the results provide empirical evidence for achieving equity in urban development and urban retail systems to further enhance sustainability.

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Bourdage, Joshua S., Anna Goupal, Tessa Neilson, Eden-Raye Lukacik, and Naomi Lee. "Personality, equity sensitivity, and discretionary workplace behavior." Personality and Individual Differences 120 (January 2018): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.018.

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15

Greenberg, Jerald. "Equity and workplace status: A field experiment." Journal of Applied Psychology 73, no. 4 (1988): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.4.606.

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Isaacs, David. "Feminism, equity and the family‐centred workplace." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 55, no. 5 (April 24, 2019): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14460.

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Shi, Lei, Ümüt Halik, Abdulla Abliz, Zulpiya Mamat, and Martin Welp. "Urban Green Space Accessibility and Distribution Equity in an Arid Oasis City: Urumqi, China." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060690.

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Urban green space (UGS) is crucial to the healthy development of urban residents. However, UGS that is accessible can benefit residents to an even greater degree. Based on the two-step floating catchment area model (2SFCA) and the location quotient (LQ), we analyzed the changes from 1999 to 2019 in UGS walking accessibility and equity in built-up areas of Urumqi at different administrative levels, and how UGS policy affects the improvement of accessibility. The results showed that UGS accessibility and equity are not evenly distributed at different administrative levels and UGS categories. Although the overall UGS accessibility and equity has improved with policy implementation, these changes are caused by metro-level UGS construction in urban fringe areas. The improvement in UGS accessibility at the neighborhood level in densely populated areas is neglected, which leads to a mismatch between UGS construction and population distribution. In addition, the accessibility of UGS is also limited by geographical location, population density, road distribution, and water shortage in arid metropolitan Urumqi. Our research results provide a theoretical basis for Urumqi and other cities in the optimization of UGS structure and the realization of social equity.

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Dianin, Alberto, Elisa Ravazzoli, and Georg Hauger. "Implications of Autonomous Vehicles for Accessibility and Transport Equity: A Framework Based on Literature." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084448.

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Increasing accessibility and balancing its distribution across space and social groups are two fundamental goals to make transport more sustainable and equitable. In the next decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) could significantly transform the transport system, influencing accessibility and transport equity. In particular, depending on the assumed features of AVs (e.g., private or collective) and the considered spatial, social, and regulative context (e.g., rural or urban areas), impacts may be very different. Nevertheless, research in this field is still limited, and the relationship between AV assumptions and accessibility impacts is still partially unclear. This paper aims to provide a framework of the key and emerging aspects related to the implications of AVs for accessibility and transport equity. To set this framework, we perform an analysis of the scientific literature based on a conceptual model describing the implications of AVs for the distribution of accessibility across space and social groups. We recognize four main expected impacts of AVs on accessibility: (1) accessibility polarization, (2) accessibility sprawl, (3) exacerbation of social accessibility inequities, and (4) alleviation of social accessibility inequities. These impacts are described and analyzed in relation to the main AV assumptions expected to trigger them through different mechanisms. Based on the results, some recommendations for future studies intending to focus on the relation between AVs, accessibility, and transport equity are provided.

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Jomehpour Chahar Aman, Javad, and Janille Smith-Colin. "Transit Deserts: Equity analysis of public transit accessibility." Journal of Transport Geography 89 (December 2020): 102869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102869.

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Munuera, Jose. "Integration: the quest for true equity, beyond accessibility." International Journal of Integrated Care 21, S1 (September 1, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic20344.

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Pizzol, Bruna, Mariana Giannotti, and Diego Bogado Tomasiello. "Qualifying accessibility to education to investigate spatial equity." Journal of Transport Geography 96 (October 2021): 103199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103199.

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Wang, Xiaomin, and Wenxin Zhang. "Efficiency and Spatial Equity Impacts of High-Speed Rail on the Central Plains Economic Region of China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092583.

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Efficiency impacts can be assessed based on improvements in accessibility promoted by the high-speed rail (HSR) project, focusing mainly on major urban areas. Spatial equity impacts originate from changes in the distribution of accessibility levels observed across such cities. This study uses the weighted average travel time and coefficient of variation to explore the impact of HSR on efficiency and spatial equity within the Central Plains Economic Region (CPER) and to build an “efficiency-equity” model to identify optimal upgrading of conventional rail (CR) lines to improve the accessibility of the CPER and mitigate regional disparities. The results indicate that since the operation of HSR, accessibility levels across the CPER have improved by roughly 24.56%, and the spatial distribution of gains has been uneven since the most significant improvements have occurred in HSR cities and large cities. Inequality in regional accessibility has increased by 28.12%, creating a more heterogeneous pattern of accessibility. With goals of “efficiency” and “equity”, an examination of the upgrading of CR as an approach shows that “Xinxiang-Jiaozuo” and “Xinxiang-Jiaozuo-Sanmenxia-Yuncheng” are the best upgraded lines for improving the efficiency of the CPER and limiting regional disparities. The results of this study serve as supportive information for the planning and construction of HSR lines and networks and for underdeveloped regional transport system policymaking.

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Wang, Yiheng, Yaolin Liu, Lijun Xing, and Ziyi Zhang. "An Improved Accessibility-Based Model to Evaluate Educational Equity: A Case Study in the City of Wuhan." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070458.

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Limited studies focus on educational equity from the spatial accessibility perspective. This study combines survey data and big data and proposes a multi-mode Huff two-step floating catchment area (MMH2SFCA) method to calculate accessibility while considering multiple travel modes and school attractiveness. This method can also calculate education quality by extending the accessibility in each community. Results show that our proposed method can reliably identify the accessibility differences of schools across communities. The case study indicates an inequitable distribution of educational accessibility and quality. The communities with high accessibility are concentrated in the urban center and exurban zones surrounding schools, whereas high-quality areas are mainly concentrated in the urban center. Correlation analysis suggests that the educational quality of communities with high accessibility is not always high. The findings of this study can provide improvement for accessibility measurements and help explore a new research perspective for educational equity research.

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Yang, Jun, Andong Guo, Xueming Li, and Tai Huang. "Study of the Impact of a High-Speed Railway Opening on China’s Accessibility Pattern and Spatial Equality." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082943.

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China’s high-speed rail was inaugurated in 2008; it has greatly improved accessibility, and reduced the time required to travel between cities, but at the same time, has caused an unfair distribution of accessibility levels. Therefore, this paper analyzes urban traffic roads and socio-economic statistics, using network analysis methods, accessibility coefficients of variation, and social demand indexes to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of transport accessibility and spatial equity in China. By 2015, the national transport accessibility level will form a new pattern of “corridors” and “islands”, centered on high-speed rail lines and sites. Additionally, the opening of high-speed railways has improved, to a certain extent, the inter-regional accessibility balance, and increased accessibility from high-speed railway sites to non-site cities. Spatial equality was also analyzed using the accessibility coefficient and social demand index. In conclusion, studying accessibility and spatial equity plays an important role in the rational planning of urban land resources and transportation.

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Daniels, Cynthia R., Maureen Paul, and Robert Rosofsky. "Health, Equity, and Reproductive Risks in the Workplace." Journal of Public Health Policy 11, no. 4 (1990): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342924.

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Rarick, Charles A. "Workplace autonomy and industrial democracy: The equity solution." International Journal of Value-Based Management 1, no. 2 (June 1988): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03184885.

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Huang, Bo-Xun, Shang-Chia Chiou, and Wen-Ying Li. "Accessibility and Street Network Characteristics of Urban Public Facility Spaces: Equity Research on Parks in Fuzhou City Based on GIS and Space Syntax Model." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093618.

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Urban green spaces are conducive to people’s physical, mental, and social health; however, in many cases, these benefits are unevenly distributed in cities. This study explored the equity of urban green spaces in terms of accessibility and spatial morphology, specifically, (1) applied the geographic information system (GIS) accessibility index to the equity of parks in Fuzhou City; (2) discussed the accessibility of parks and the spatial morphological characteristics of streets from a space syntax analysis; (3) examined the correlation between the accessibility of parks in Fuzhou City and the spatial morphology of streets. The results provide a valuable reference for sustainable urban design and planning.

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Li, Jessica, Gary Brake, Angeline Champion, Tony Fuller, Sandy Gabel, and Lori Hatcher‐Busch. "Workplace learning: the roles of knowledge accessibility and management." Journal of Workplace Learning 21, no. 4 (May 14, 2009): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13665620910954238.

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Hing, Nerilee, and Sharen Nisbet. "A Qualitative Perspective on Physical, Social and Cognitive Accessibility to Gambling." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 24 (July 1, 2010): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2010.24.7.

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A possible relationship exists between heightened accessibility to gambling and the development and maintenance of gambling problems amongst employees at gambling venues. This paper takes an interpretive approach to exploring how working in a gambling venue influences accessibility to gambling. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 40 hotel and club employees in Victoria, Australia. Data were analysed along three key dimensions of accessibility to gambling. In terms of physical accessibility, respondents generally felt shiftwork and split shifts heavily influence the times staff are likely to access gambling facilities. Aspects of social accessibility, including familiarity and comfort of gambling in the workplace, encouragement by other staff, and workplace cultures that do not deter staff gambling, were considered encouraging influences. Cognitive accessibility (or knowledge and understanding about gambling) was heightened by enhanced knowledge of gambling products and processes, greater knowledge of jackpot levels, a desire to know what competing venues are offering, and cognitive distortions around winning.

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Liu, Maohua, Siqi Luo, and Xishihui Du. "Exploring Equity in Healthcare Services: Spatial Accessibility Changes during Subway Expansion." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070439.

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The unequal allocation of healthcare resources raises many fundamental problems, one of which is how to address inequity in population health. This paper focuses on disparities in public transport healthcare accessibility, with a special focus on an expanding subway system. Based on a vulnerability index, including factors that are likely to limit healthcare opportunities, a two-step floating catchment area method was used to assess the distribution of supply and demand for healthcare. Quantity, quality, and walking distance accessibility were aggregated into hexagonal grids. The Theil index was used to measure inequity and understand the influence of subways on spatial disparities in healthcare accessibility. The ongoing construction of the subway has heterogeneous impacts on healthcare accessibility for different parts of the city and exacerbates spatial inequity in many areas. In an environment where people in peri-urban areas are excluded from healthcare access because of low subway coverage, the results suggest that the potential for subways to address inaccessibility is limited. The findings highlight the requirement of efficient public transport services and are relevant to researchers, planners, and policymakers aiming to improve accessibility to healthcare, especially for populations who dwell in winter cities.

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Wokadala, James, and Keiichi Ogawa. "Students’ Accessibility and Equity in Education Colleges in Myanmar." Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education 32 (2018): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/apjee2017.32.6.

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Smoyer-Tomic, Karen E., Jared N. Hewko, and M. John Hodgson. "Spatial accessibility and equity of playgrounds in Edmonton, Canada." Canadian Geographer/Le G?ographe canadien 48, no. 3 (September 2004): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0008-3658.2004.00061.x.

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Sun, Zhe, and John Zacharias. "Transport equity as relative accessibility in a megacity: Beijing." Transport Policy 92 (June 2020): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.03.016.

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Tso, Yi-En, Dohyeong Kim, and Chang Kil Lee. "Equity in Voting Accessibility: The Case of North Carolina." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 14, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2018.14.11.185.

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Kimoga, Joseph, Margaret Babirye, James Musana, Ali Kakande, Caroline Abonyo, Charles Oilar, and Proscovia Muhumuza. "Equity and Equality: The Poor and Higher Education Accessibility." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 10, no. 3 (January 10, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/18008.

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Feng, Shu, Liding Chen, Ranhao Sun, Zhiqiang Feng, Junran Li, Muhammad Sadiq Khan, and Yongcai Jing. "The Distribution and Accessibility of Urban Parks in Beijing, China: Implications of Social Equity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244894.

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As public service facilities, urban parks offer many benefits for daily life and social activities for residents. However, the accessibility of public parks to urban residents is often unevenly distributed in spaces that cannot be utilized fully. Here, we used the urban parks in Beijing, China as a case study and examined the relationship between urban park accessibility and population distribution at different administrative levels. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used to evaluate the social equity of urban park accessibility, and the location quotient was used to identify the spatial difference between urban parks and resident population. The results of our study show that the urban park accessibility varies at district and subdistrict levels and that places with more urban parks usually have higher accessibility. Very importantly, the spatial equity is different from the social equity, a mismatch exists between the spatial distribution of urban parks and population, particularly for the elderly residents. These results generate valuable insights, as, in China and many developing countries, current urban public green space planning only uses the ratio of public green space to urban construction land and the per capita public green area.

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Wang, Kan, Jianjun Bai, and Xing Dang. "Spatial Difference and Equity Analysis for Accessibility to Three-Level Medical Services Based on Actual Medical Behavior in Shaanxi, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010112.

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The contradiction between the supply and demand of public medical resources in China is serious. On the basis of the “graded diagnosis and treatment” model, the Chinese government divides the medical grade and adjusts the allocation of medical facilities so as to alleviate the adverse impact of these issues on residents’ health. Although the government tries to guide residents’ medical treatment according to the level of medical facilities, there are differences between residents’ medical treatment mode and policy rules in reality. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore spatial differences in accessibility to medical services for residents on the basis of the actual medical behavior. This article takes Shaanxi province as the research area, and uses the improved node cost network analysis method with the space-time distance model and the two-step floating catchment area method, respectively, to analyze the spatial differences of accessibility to three-level medical services and evaluate the equity of accessibility in different areas and groups in Shaanxi. Results showed that the overall level of accessibility to primary medical services in the province is good, and spatial distribution is balanced; the polarization of accessibility to secondary and tertiary medical services is a serious issue, and within the research area, a band-shaped multicore spatial structure was formed with the built-up areas of various cities as high-level centers of accessibility. Provincial residents have poor equity to access three-level medical services, and the equity of accessibility to primary medical services is better than that to highly specialized medical services. There is no obvious gap between accessibility to three-level medical services for the aging and the nonaging populations in Shaanxi, but the unfair phenomenon between agricultural and the nonagricultural populations is prominent. In addition, this article found that the improvement in traffic conditions can produce space-time convergence and effectively weaken spatial deprivation. Therefore, developing public transportation is an effective approach to improve the equity of accessibility to medical services.

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Shore, Ted H., and Judy Strauss. "Measurement of Equity Sensitivity: A Comparison of the Equity Sensitivity Instrument and Equity Preference Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (February 2008): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.64-78.

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The psychometric properties of the Equity Sensitivity Instrument (Huseman, Hatfield, & Miles, 1985, 1987) and Equity Preference Questionnaire (Sauley & Bedeian, 2000) are compared. 173 undergraduate business majors completed several work attitude and personality measures. Results suggest that the Equity Preference Questionnaire may be a better measure of the equity sensitivity construct than the Equity Sensitivity Instrument which is typically used in research. Reliabilities for the scores on the Equity Sensitivity Instrument and Equity Preference Questionnaire were equivalent (coefficient alphas of .85 and .86, respectively); however, evidence for convergent and content validity was greater for the Equity Preference Questionnaire. Understanding individual differences in perceptions of equity and how best to measure these differences can affect workplace outcomes (e.g., turnover, employee engagement).

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Mahmoudabadi, Abbas, and Donya Nader. "How do the Risk Equity Techniques Affect on Intercity Road Network Accessibility? An Empirical Study." Urban Studies and Public Administration 3, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): p87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v3n2p87.

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Due to existing risk on hazardous materials transportation, it is essential to avoid risk agglomeration over the specific edges which are frequently used on the intercity road network. Therefore, local and/or national authorities are dealing with distributing risk over the network while risk distribution may affect on the network accessibility. The aim of this study is to propose a procedure and develop mathematical models to distribute Hazmat transport risk, named risk equity, on the intercity road network and investigate the effects on the network accessibility. Accessibility is defined as dividing transport demand by distance, where the Min (Max) risk distribution technique is utilized for risk equity over the network. The effects have been investigated on a medium size of intercity road network in Guilan province, at the north of Iran. The proposed procedure and mathematical models have been run using experimental data including 46 nodes and 126 two-way edges including Hazmat Origin-Destination matrix. The results revealed that risk distribution technique has significant effects on network accessibility in which nodes’ accessibilities are statistically affected by risk equity models.

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Gao, Xingchuan, and Dongqi Sun. "Transport accessibility and social demand: A case study of the Tibetan Plateau." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): e0257028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257028.

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The equity of transport accessibility is a prerequisite for sustainable development targets, especially in the ecologically fragile area of the Tibetan Plateau (also known as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The relationship between transportation supply and social demand has become a key element of socioeconomic development and environmental protection in agricultural and pastoral areas. Based on data from transportation networks, permanent populations and the economy, this study uses a network analysis model, the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient to construct an index of social demand in townships and analyse the equity of transport accessibility on the Tibetan Plateau between 1980 and 2017; the principle of geographic distribution and the spatial relationship between transport accessibility and social demand at the township scale are also discussed. This study finds the following: the development of transportation has improved accessibility on the Tibetan Plateau, creating a highly accessible region with important cities as the nodes and major traffic arteries as the axes; both the coefficient of variation of transport accessibility and the Gini coefficient have increased slightly; and the equity of transport accessibility among townships on the Tibetan Plateau has exhibited a downward trend. Further, the social demand index is doubling every ten years, the spatial distribution has regional characteristics, and a decrease in permanent populations is the main reason for declining social demand index scores among townships. Townships with the lowest and highest social demand index scores for transportation development enjoy greater transportation benefits; there is a significant spatial relationship between social demand and location conditions (potential accessibility); the aggregation of social demand and accessibility types follows specific geographical distribution principles; and the Mangya-Gongshan Line delineates the distribution characteristics of township clusters with low social demand and low accessibility.

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Zhao, Jia, Barbara H. Settles, and Xuewen Sheng. "Family-to-Work Conflict: Gender, Equity and Workplace Policies." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 42, no. 5 (September 2011): 723–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.42.5.723.

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Resick, Christian J., Michael B. Hargis, Ping Shao, and Scott B. Dust. "Ethical leadership, moral equity judgments, and discretionary workplace behavior." Human Relations 66, no. 7 (May 21, 2013): 951–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726713481633.

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Vilar, Elisângela, Ernesto Filgueiras, and Francisco Rebelo. "Integration of people with disabilities in the workplace: A methodology to evaluate the accessibility degree." Occupational Ergonomics 7, no. 2 (July 26, 2007): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2007-7203.

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This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the accessibility degree in companies, which was developed in a human centred perspective. For this purpose we considered physical, sensorial and cognitive deficiencies. A guide based on this methodology was created to turn the evaluation into an easy and helpful ergonomic tool. The guide was divided into accessibility "to the" workstation and accessibility "in the" workstation, both of them, considering the physical and informational accessibilities. They were divided into two accessibility levels, the minimal and the adequate levels, which meant the accessibility degree of the company. This methodology can also aid in ergonomic interventions for promoting an Inclusive Work Design and Safety for the workers, and for creating at the same time good working conditions, that will increase Human Performance. This tool was evaluated in a large company and implemented in Portugal through the INCLUDE program.

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Wang, Jueyu, and Greg Lindsey. "Equity of Bikeway Distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2605, no. 1 (January 2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2605-02.

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Governments and nonprofit organizations are investing in the bicycling infrastructure. However, the benefits of the bicycling infrastructure have not always been distributed equally among neighborhoods, and the equity of the distribution has been a major concern. This study used two measures, the Gini coefficient and the loss of accessibility to jobs via bikeways, to assess both the horizontal and the vertical equity of the bicycling infrastructure's distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Gini coefficients, calculated from Lorenz curves, provide a single flexible measure that allows comparisons within and between groups. Determination of accessibility to jobs via lower-stress bikeway and street networks allows the levels of connectivity via bikeways to be compared for different groups. Minneapolis is making substantial investments in the bicycling infrastructure and was used as a case study because data with which to assess changes in equity over time are available. With use of the block group as the unit of analysis, systemwide analyses of the distribution of bikeways relative to the locations of the population and total employment revealed increases in equity from 2010 to 2014. Comparison of Gini coefficients for all bicycling facilities among different subpopulations demonstrated horizontal inequities within each subgroup as well as indicators of vertical equity for various disadvantaged subgroups. The Gini coefficients revealed inequities in the distribution of urban trails for disadvantaged subpopulations. With the use of 3-mi network buffers, a bikeway penalty, calculated as the loss of job accessibility resulting from the choice to rely on a bikeway rather than on street networks, demonstrated a vertical equity for disadvantaged subgroups. These measures can be used to inform planning for and investments in bicycling facilities and to assess and compare the bicycling infrastructures of cities.

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Tahmasbi, Behnam, Mohammad Hadi Mansourianfar, Hossein Haghshenas, and Inhi Kim. "Multimodal accessibility-based equity assessment of urban public facilities distribution." Sustainable Cities and Society 49 (August 2019): 101633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101633.

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Wang, B., C. Hu, C. Zhang, L. Xu, and L. Huang. "Accessibility and Equity of Current General Practitioner Distribution in China." Value in Health 21 (September 2018): S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.07.367.

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Grengs, Joe. "Equity and the social distribution of job accessibility in Detroit." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 39, no. 5 (2012): 785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b36097.

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Omer, Itzhak. "Evaluating accessibility using house-level data: A spatial equity perspective." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 30, no. 3 (May 2006): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2005.06.004.

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Strachan, Glenda, John Burgess, and Anne Sullivan. "Affirmative action or managing diversity: what is the future of equal opportunity policies in organisations?" Women in Management Review 19, no. 4 (June 1, 2004): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649420410541263.

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Equal employment opportunity policies were introduced in Australia in the 1980s in response to women's disadvantaged workforce position. Australia's unique form of affirmative action was underpinned by legislation, and aimed to promote gender equity in the workplace via employer action. Throughout the 1990s there has been a policy shift away from collectivism towards individualism, and away from externally driven social programmes at the workplace towards managerialist driven social programmes. The main process for implementing progressive and inclusive equity programmes at the workplace is through human resource management policies that link employment diversity to organisational objectives (for example, productivity and profitability). Programmes titled “Managing diversity” have been introduced into some organisations, and today there are a variety of approaches towards equity policies in Australian organisations. The article proposes that a distinctive Australian version of managing diversity will develop in some organisations based on the prior national legislative framework.

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McGee Wanguri, D. "Diversity, Perceptions of Equity, and Communicative Openness in the Workplace." Journal of Business Communication 33, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002194369603300405.

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