Journal articles: 'World Conservation Union'

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Miller, Kenton R. "IUCN—The World Conservation Union." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 4 (1986): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003530x.

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Ma, Keping. "World Conservation Congress and International Union for the Conservation of Nature." Biodiversity Science 24, no. 6 (2016): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2016176.

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Adams, W. M. "The green web: a union for world conservation." Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714038559.

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Engel, Sharlene. "Species Conservation in a Globalized World." Earth Common Journal 6, no. 1 (October 30, 2016): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.885.

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In today’s globalized world, international cooperation and information sharing becomes increasingly important. This paper examines the criteria provided in the United State’s Endangered Species Act, the European Union’s Habitat Directive, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List. The interplay between these lists creates barriers to conserving and protecting global biological diversity, resulting in a need for more international cooperation and collaboration

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Taylor, Prue, Don Brown, and Peter Burdon. "Moral Leadership and Climate Change Policy: The Role of the World Conservation Union." Ethics, Policy & Environment 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2020.1746002.

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Oldfield, Olivia. "The Botany of Desire: A Plant's Eye View of the World." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 4 (2002): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030294.

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MICHAEL Pollan is an environmental journalist for The New York Times Magazine. He has also written two other books - Second Nature: A Gardener's Education and A Plnce of My Own: The Education of an Amateur Builder. Pollan was awarded the first "Reuters-World Conservation Union Global Award for Excellence in Environmental Journalism".

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McGowan, Philip J. K., Peter J. Garson, and John P. Carroll. "Action Plans: do they help conservation?" Bird Conservation International 8, no. 4 (December 1998): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002082.

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IntroductionIUCN (The World Conservation Union) published its first Action Plan more than a decade ago (Oates 1986). Many taxon-specific Specialist Groups working under the auspices of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) have since produced such documents, some of which are now in their second editions (e.g. Reeves and Leatherwood 1994). As we know only too well ourselves, Action Plans take a great deal of time and effort to compile, but what evidence is there to show that they are effective in achieving their prime objective of increasing the amount and quality of work that gets done to save threatened species from extinction?

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Pakholiuk, Orest, Iryna Zadorozhnikova, Serhii Uzhehov, Oleksandr Chapyuk, and Ruslan Pasichnyk. "Optimization of air chamber in solar air collector." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016604004.

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Recently, environmental problems have become more acute. In 1980, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) prepared the World Conservation Strategy. This document interpreted the term “sustainable development” as an inseparable link between social development and nature conservation. And already in 1992, after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainable development gained a leading status. The conference materials determined that sustainable development is a development of a society that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Therefore, being aware of the need for energy conservation, there is increasing emphasis on the use of solar energy throughout the world to generate electricity and heat.

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Hero, Jean-Marc, Clare Morrison, Graeme Gillespie, J. Dale Roberts, David Newell, Ed Meyer, Keith McDonald, et al. "Overview of the conservation status of Australian frogs." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 4 (2006): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060313.

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A review of the current conservation status of Australian amphibians was recently completed as part of a World Conservation Union (IUCN) sponsored Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA). Fifty of 216 amphibian species (23%) in Australia are now recognized as threatened or extinct in accord with IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Here we report on the categories and criteria under which individual species qualified for listing and provide a summary of supporting information pertaining to population and distribution declines. Major threatening processes contributing to listing of species are also reviewed.

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Ogunleye, Foluke. "Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: The “Awareness” Imperative." African Issues 32, no. 1-2 (2003): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006600.

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The practice of treating the environment with disdain has gradually become unfashionable. Yet in many developing nations, Nigeria among them, environmental education and awareness campaigns remain something regarded as unnecessary. According to Berry (1993: 158):The term “sustainable development” has become a shibboleth of governments and industries, to present a respectful image to a society that is becoming even more strident in its concern for the environment. It is a concept that was projected onto the world by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, and has been carried ever since by the United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the World Wildlife Fund for nature (WWF) in their world conservation strategy. It has the ring of truth and worldwide acceptance, but it is poorly understood by those who use it.

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Knudsen, Are. "Conservation and Controversy in the Karakoram: Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan." Journal of Political Ecology 6, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v6i1.21421.

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This paper discusses recent conservation efforts in Northern Pakistan and the relevance of national parks as legal instruments in nature and wildlife conservation. Employing an extensive case-study approach the paper analyzes the problems afﬂicting the Khunjerab National Park and discusses why the World Conservation Union (IUCN) disregarded its own policy guidelines for mountain protected areas. The paper advocates a more democratic and pragmatic approach to nature conservation and argues that national parks as traditionally conceived impose heavy burdens on local people. Despite increasing criticism of national parks, they continue to be implemented often for no other reason than the high conservationist proﬁle this alternative offers. Keywords: Pakistan, national parks, wildlife conservation, Khunjerab National Park, local populations, Karakoram

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Csíder, Ibolya. "Possibilities of biodiversity conservation in agricultural fields." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 58 (April 8, 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/58/1970.

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The biodiversity loss is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world. The objective of this paper is to present some nature conservation practices on agricultural land. Farmlands play a significant role to preserve biodiversity because some highly protected species can only find their needs on agricultural land. The Biodiversity Strategy of the European Union (2010-2020) creates new directives to reduce biodiversity loss, preserve and improve diversity, especially on agricultural land. Furthermore the importance of this subject is that the share of farmland in Hungary is much higher (57%) than in the EU-27 on average (42%). The loss of agricultural land and the increase of land abandonment cause intensification of agricultural production leading to the loss of biodiversity.

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Keith, David A., Tony D. Auld, Mark K. J. Ooi, and Berin D. E. Mackenzie. "Sensitivity analyses of decision rules in World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List criteria using Australian plants." Biological Conservation 94, no. 3 (July 2000): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(99)00194-9.

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Shmatkov, Nikolay, and Tim Brigham. "Non-timber forest products in community development: Lessons from the Russian Far East." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79113-1.

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One of the components of the IUCN – The World Conservation Union project, "Building Partnerships for Forest Conservation and Management in Russia" funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), is designed to assist remote communities of the Russian Far East to sustainably develop their NTFP resources. In our project, NTFPs are viewed as one part of a local sustainable livelihood strategy (including tourism, cultural activities, hunting, herding). We provide business and legal issues training, consultation on small business and community-based enterprise development, and support for sustainability and monitoring programs. One of the basic principles of the project has been a participatory approach to project development and implementation. It is the hope of project participants that the successful development of NTFP and other opportunities will decrease the pressure to move forward with potentially damaging resource exploitation activities. Although community economic development is the primary goal, the revival and sharing of indigenous knowledge about NTFPs has been identified by participants as a key issue, and is a focus of educational materials being developed through the project. Key words: non-timber forest products (NTFPs), community economic development, sustainable use of natural resources, Native communities, traditional knowledge, the Russian Far East, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, boreal forests, IUCN – The World Conservation Union, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)

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WÖBSE, ANNA-KATHARINA. "‘The world after all was one’: The International Environmental Network of UNESCO and IUPN, 1945–1950." Contemporary European History 20, no. 3 (July 8, 2011): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000348.

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AbstractThe pursuit of nature conservation was central to the scientific section of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) from the outset. In order to build a network of expertise and practice, UNESCO supported the establishment of a non-governmental organisation, the fledgling International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUPN). This small core of non-governmental actors found itself thrown into the arena of global politics and was forced out of its conservation niche. In August 1949, UNESCO and IUPN jointly convened a global conference on ecology and education. The genesis and progress of this conference highlighted the growing prominence of environmental issues and the increasing reciprocity between these issues and questions of nutrition, development and health in the immediate post-war era.

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Orlov, A. M. "Red list of the world conservation union and the conservation status of the chondrichthyes of the western part of the Northern Pacific." Journal of Ichthyology 48, no. 6 (July 2008): 476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945208060088.

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Carnevali, Germán, William Cetzal-Ix, José L. Tapia-Muñoz, and Gustavo A. Romero-González. "The world upside down: the first Kefersteinia (Orchidaceae: Zygopetalinae) with non-resupinate flowers." Phytotaxa 239, no. 2 (December 23, 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.239.2.5.

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A new species of Kefersteinia (Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae), K. carolorum, from the state of Táchira, Venezuela, is herein described, illustrated, and characterized based on morphological features. Kefersteinia carolorum is similar to K. lactea from Costa Rica, but it differs in the non-resupinate flowers and the longer callus. The labellum in the upper-most position that distinguishes this species is unique in the genus but has evolved independently in Zygopetalinae at least three times. Evolutionary, ecological, and functional implications of this character are explored. The conservation status of the new taxon is assessed as DD according to IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) criteria. We also provide a key to identify the genera of the Zygopetalinae with labellum in an upper-most position. In addition, we offer a key for the Kefersteinia species from Venezuela, a figure, and a map showing their geographical distributions.

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Bindroo, Bharat Bhusan, and Shunmugam Manthira Moorthy. "Genetic Divergence, Implication of Diversity, and Conservation of Silkworm, Bombyx mori." International Journal of Biodiversity 2014 (May 13, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/564850.

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Genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. It is one of the three forms of biodiversity recognized by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as deserving conservation. Silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect, reported to be domesticated over 5000 years ago by human to meet his requirements. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence, maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long-term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lusture silk. In this paper genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (quantitative traits and biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity and factors responsible for loss of diversity are discussed.

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Tufto, Jarle, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Steinar Engen, Jon E. Swenson, and Finn Sandegren. "Harvesting strategies for conserving minimum viable populations based on World Conservation Union criteria: brown bears in Norway." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 266, no. 1422 (May 7, 1999): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1999.0730.

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MARTINO, DIEGO. "Unleashing the wild: response to Locke and Dearden's ‘rethinking protected area categories’." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002444.

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Locke and Dearden (2005) assert that the emerging new paradigm for protected areas (PAs) risks taking the PA agenda to a ‘tragic failure,’ and the planet towards biological impoverishment. They believe the ‘new paradigm’ contributes to a persistent tendency towards giving social issues higher priority over biological considerations and is based on the promotion of PA categories V and VI of the IUCN (World Conservation Union).

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Norros, Kirsi. "International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) XX World Congress." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 1 (March 1996): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038376.

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Khalaf, Roha W. "The Implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Continuity and Compatibility as Qualifying Conditions of Integrity." Heritage 3, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3020023.

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This article explores the nexus between integrity, continuity, and compatibility (compatible change) in the implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Integrity is a measure by which the Advisory Bodies, namely the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), evaluate nominations of cultural and/or natural properties to determine whether they qualify for inscription on the World Heritage List. Yet, its application remains unclear as presently worded in the Operational Guidelines. This article argues that continuity and compatibility should become qualifying conditions of integrity. Together, they can maintain wholeness, maintain intactness, and prevent adverse effects of development and/or neglect (Paragraph 88(a)(b)(c)) to keep properties in a good state of conservation, to sustain their cultural-natural significance including Outstanding Universal Value, and to enable sustainable development. This is an alternative conceptual and operational framework for nomination, evaluation, protection and management that bridges the culture/nature divide. If adopted, the “system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of Outstanding Universal Value” established by the Convention would become more credible, practical, and effective. This article, therefore, contributes to World Heritage policy formulation and to a fruitful international exchange of ideas.

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McGowan, P., R. W. R. J. Dekker, S. Dowell, and P. Garson. "The making of conservation Action Plans for the Galliformes." Bird Conservation International 8, no. 2 (June 1998): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900003245.

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SummaryMegapodes: an action plan for their conservation 1995–1999) was published in 1995 by the Species Survival Commission of IUCN – The World Conservation Union. It is the twenty-eighth publication in its Action Plan series and the first for any group of birds. Action Plans published under the auspices of the Species Survival Commission are perceived as a means of making information on the status, threats and action required to safeguard species available to conservation planners and others in a position to take action. They are compiled by the appropriate taxon Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission and their production and implementation is central to the Commission's activities. As well as the megapodes, Action Plans have recently been compiled for the partridges, quails, francolins, snowcocks and guineafowl, and for the pheasants. Stimulating interest in the conservation of these three groups of birds is the responsibility of three Specialist Groups which operate under the joint parentage of the World Pheasant Association, BirdLife International and the Species Survival Commission. The World Pheasant Association is the umbrella organization for five Galliformes Specialist Groups and was the driving force behind the production of these Action Plans, providing the means for the Specialist Groups to compile the information. This paper outlines the scope of these Action Plans and explains how they were compiled in the hope that this may assist the production of Action Plans for other bird groups.

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Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie, and Libby Lester. "Saving the Great Barrier Reef from disaster, media then and now." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 4 (February 16, 2017): 568–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443717692738.

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The Great Barrier Reef is the most recognizable of the Australian properties on United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) World Heritage List. At the time of its inscription in 1981, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature noted that ‘… if only one coral reef site in the world were to be chosen for the World Heritage List, the Great Barrier Reef is the site to be chosen’. The listing followed the ‘Save the Reef’ campaign, which ran through the 1960s and 1970s and highlighted threats from rapid industrialization and a nation riding a resources boom. Nevertheless, in recent years, the Reef has teetered on being named a ‘World Heritage Site in Danger’, with similar economic conditions driving its deterioration. This article juxtaposes recent media activism to protect the Reef against the earlier campaign in order to compare and better understand how these campaigns engaged publics and policy makers by representing and communicating threats, and concludes by considering their capacity to influence long-term conservation policy.

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Smith, Roger. "J. Palmer, W. Goldstein & A. Curnow (eds) 1995, Planning Education to Care for the Earth, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) & the World Conservation Union, 195pp." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 12 (1996): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600004237.

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Bruce, Charles. "Rabindranath Tagore: The Deep-Rooted Environmentalist and The Origins of Sustainability." Gitanjali & Beyond 2, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/gnb.2.1.8-15.

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The opening years of the twentieth century witnessed rising public disquiet about evident environmental degradation and the ever more obvious loss of important habitats. In the United States, following the personal intervention of President Theodore Roosevelt, Congress passed an act in 1906 to establish a protected inventory of national parks and forests. A year later the UK Parliament passed an act to establish the National Trust. Following the well trailed campaigns of self-anointed environmentalists such as John Muir and Octavia Hill, the protection of vulnerable landscapes appeared for the first time on the public policy agenda. Against this background of rising awareness of the unfettered consequences of economic growth, a similar concern can be detected for the plight of rural communities in the Indian state of Bengal, largely as a result of the personal involvement – in both word and deed – of Rabindranath Tagore. It can be argued further that Tagore’s innate empiricism as a result of this growing awareness, anticipated the discourse that would lead eventually to the World Conservation Strategy published by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in 1980. It was followed by the Brundtland Report (1987) Our Common Future.

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Kudsk, Per, and Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen. "Pesticide regulation in the European Union and the glyphosate controversy." Weed Science 68, no. 3 (May 2020): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.59.

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AbstractThe glyphosate controversy before the renewal of the authorization of glyphosate in the European Union (EU) once again turned the spotlight on pesticide regulation in the EU. In the EU, pesticides are attracting more public attention than in other parts of the world, and many nongovernmental organizations specifically target pesticide regulation, trying to influence politicians and other decision makers. Following an overview of the EU pesticide legislation and the impact hitherto on EU agriculture, this paper outlines the glyphosate controversy and presents the outcome of desk studies conducted in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Sweden on the potential effects of a glyphosate ban on agricultural productivity and farm income. All studies concluded that the loss of income depends very much on farm type and cropping practice, but they all reached the conclusion that particularly no-tillage farming/conservation agriculture will be facing severe problems without glyphosate to control weeds and terminate cover crops. No-tillage/conservation agriculture is viewed as an effective strategy to prevent soil erosion and loss of nutrients, which could become larger problems without glyphosate. Other issues highlighted in the studies were the impact on resistance management, as glyphosate is largely seen as a “herbicide-resistance breaker.” Without glyphosate, fundamental changes in farming practices in the EU are required, and it is hard to imagine that they will come without a cost, at least in the short term.

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Chuvieco, Emilio. "Religious approaches to water management and environmental conservation." Water Policy 14, S1 (March 1, 2012): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.000.

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The goal of this paper is to identify points of convergence between the great religious traditions in addressing human–nature relations, as well as presenting a critical evaluation of whether these approaches have in fact affected environmental conservation in representative countries. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism have been considered. The main traditions considered are: (1) dominion: humans at the top of Creation and using natural resources as needed; (2) stewardship: humans having a delegate dominion over Creation and being responsible and accountable for their use of natural resources; (3) empathy: nature is affected by human misbehaviour; (4) analogy: nature is an image of God; (5) God worshipper: nature gives glory to God; (6) cosmic humility: nature is beyond human comprehension; (7) natural mysticism: union with God is accomplished through contemplation of the created world; (8) worship: nature is sacred. These approaches are not necessarily conflicting but rather they can be considered in some cases as being complementary. Their actual impact on water and environmental conservation should be further researched.

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Stirling, Ian. "Research and management of polar bears Ursus maritimus." Polar Record 23, no. 143 (May 1986): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400028357.

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AbstractThrough the 1950s and 1960s there was a marked increase in recorded numbers of polar bears being killed for their hides, giving rise to world-wide concern that the species might be endangered. At a meeting in Fairbanks, Alaska 1965, representatives of circumpolar arctic nations discussed conservation of polar bears and concluded that international coordination of research and management efforts was essential. Subsequent meetings of scientists engaged in polar bear research were organized every two years by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, facilitating exchanges of views and cooperation; as a result, in 1973 the International Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears and their Habitats was signed in Oslo, Norway. This paper describes some of the research and management undertaken in the years leading up to the agreement, and initiatives that are continuing because of it.

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Keith, David A. "An Evaluation and Modification of World Conservation Union Red List Criteria for Classification of Extinction Risk in Vascular Plants." Conservation Biology 12, no. 5 (October 1998): 1076–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97202.x.

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Randel, Charles J., and John M. Tomeček. "Axis axis (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)." Mammalian Species 53, no. 1004 (June 26, 2021): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seab006.

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Abstract Axis axis (Erxleben, 1777) is an Old World deer commonly known as chital, Indian spotted deer, or axis deer. It is one of five species in the genus Axis and is native to the Indian subcontinent, occurring in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Free-ranging and confined populations of A. axis have been established in Europe, Australia, and both North and South America. Globally, it is considered “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

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Berkmüller, Klaus, Tom Evans, Rob Timmins, and Vene Vongphet. "Recent advances in nature conservation in the Lao PDR." Oryx 29, no. 4 (October 1995): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021244.

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The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) has long been a white spot on maps depicting national parks and similar protected areas. This changed dramatically with the official declaration in October 1993 of 18 protected areas covering over 10 per cent of the country's land surface. Among the countries of South East Asia Lao PDR now ranks among those with the highest proportion of land under legal protection. The political climate seems favourable and additional areas may still be added. System planning and, increasingly now, the management of declared areas has been carried out by the Protected Areas and Wildlife Division of the Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management (PAWM), Forest Department, with funding by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and technical support from IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Some of the most vulnerable species, such as the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus, may already be extirpated, but most species and ecosystems have good prospects of survival if management of the reserves and some wider conservation initiatives can be implemented.

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Romano, Renee. "Moving Beyond ““The Movement that Changed the World””: Bringing the History of the Cold War into Civil Rights Museums." Public Historian 31, no. 2 (2009): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2009.31.2.32.

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Abstract A growing body of historical scholarship has demonstrated that the Cold War had a profound impact on the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. The rise of newly independent nations in African and Asia, coupled with Americas quest to lead the ““free world”” against the Soviet Union, made American racism an international liability and created conditions that fostered civil rights reforms at home. Yet the Cold War's influence on the movement is largely absent at the nation's leading civil rights museums. This article surveys the ways in which four civil rights museums present the relationship between the movement and the Cold War, and suggests some reasons that museums have yet to internationalize their history of the movement. The Cold War interpretation shows how foreign policy concerns and elite whites' self-interest both helped generate and limit civil rights reforms. This interpretation, however, stands at odd with the celebratory narrative of the movement as a triumph of democratic ideals that these museums present.

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Miller, Chuck, and William Ulate. "Descriptive Data Challenges for the World Flora Online." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e26731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26731.

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The World Flora Online (WFO) is primarily a data management project initiated in 2012 in response to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation – "To create an online flora of all known plants by 2020". A WFO Consortium has been formed of now 42 international partners with a governing Council and three Working Groups. The World Flora Online Public Portal (www.worldfloraonline.org) was launched at the International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China in July, 2017. The baseline Public Portal was primarily populated with a taxonomic backbone of information gathered from The Plant List augmented by newer taxonomic sources like Solanaceae Source. To support all known plant names in the WFO. including both vascular and non-vascular plants, new WFO identifiers (WFOIDs) were created, which were also cross-referenced to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) identifiers for plant names included there. The next phase of the World Flora Online involves additional enhancement of the taxonomic backbone by engagement of new plant Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) and acceleration of ingestion of descriptive data from digital floras and monographs, and other sources like International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat assessments and the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) Global Tree Assessment. Descriptive data can be text descriptions, images, geographic distributions, identification keys, phylogenetic trees, as well as atomized trait data like threat status, lifeform or habitat. Initial digital descriptive datasets have been received by WFO from Flora of Brazil, Flora of South Africa, Flora of China, Flora of North Africa, Solanaceae Source and several others. The hard work is underway to match the names associated with the submitted descriptions to the names and WFOIDs in the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone and then merging the descriptive data elements into the WFO database. Numerous data tools have been adopted and created to accomplish the data cleaning, standardization and transformation required before descriptive data can be integrated. The WFO project has discovered many variations between just the few datasets received so far, which highlights the need for better standardization and controlled vocabularies for flora and monographic descriptive data. This presentation will review some of the issues identified by the project when merging descriptive data and some potential gaps in the TDWG standards specifically for flora descriptive data. Some opportunities for consideration by the TDWG Species Information Interest Group will be presented.

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Ditsevich, Yaroslava Borisovna, and Roman Yur'evich Kolobov. "Potential of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage for resolution of environmental problems of the world heritage site “Lake Baikal”." Международное право, no. 4 (April 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2020.4.34727.

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This article reflects certain results of the research conducted within the framework of implementation of the scientific project No.0-011-00168, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, dedicated to comprehensive analysis of the international legal regimes for the protection of Lake Baikal. Emphasis is placed on the protection regime of the world heritage, realized on the basis of the cognominal convention. Recognition of the role played by the mechanisms for protection of the World Heritage in conservation of the unique ecosystem of Lake Baikal, the authors note that within the framework of Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage there are promising mechanisms that are currently did not receive due reflection with regards to protection of the lake. Such instruments include the list of world heritage sites that are under a threat; development of the plan for maintaining the world heritage site; strategic environmental assessment of planned activity that may negatively impact the site. The conclusion is made on the need for implementation of the following international legal mechanisms with regards to protection of Lake Baikal: inclusion of Lake Baikal into the list of world heritage sites that are under the threat, upon the initiative of the Russian Federation in case of construction of hydroengineering structures by Mongolia on the Selenga River without taking into account the priorities for preservation of the lake ecosystem; elaboration of the plan for protection of Lake Baikal as the world heritage site. The author also underlines the need to develop the plan that would become the means for harmonization of various legal regimes that ensure protection of the Lake Baikal. Attention given to the approaches towards assessing the impact upon the environment existing within the system of protection of world heritage. It is suggested to consider the recommendations of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources to conduct such assessment on World Heritage sites.

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Olson, Erica L., Anne K. Salomon, Aaron J. Wirsing, and Michael R. Heithaus. "Large-scale movement patterns of male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Shark Bay, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 11 (2012): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12030.

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Large marine vertebrates are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic threats because they tend to be long-lived, late to mature and wide-ranging. Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are characterised by such life history traits and are listed as ‘Endangered’ by The World Conservation Union. Although juvenile movements and at-sea behaviour of adult females are relatively well studied, little is known about the movements of males and their subsequent exposure to threats. Shark Bay, Western Australia, is home to the largest breeding population of loggerhead turtles in Australia. We assessed the large-scale movements of nine adult male loggerhead turtles, with the goal of aiding conservation and management policies. During 7 months outside the breeding season, all nine turtles stayed within the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, with most showing fidelity to small coastal foraging areas. Several turtles, however, showed relatively large movements between core foraging areas. None of the four turtles that continued transmitting through the breeding season exhibited obvious movements towards nesting beaches, suggesting that mating may occur on foraging grounds or that males are not mating every year. Quantifying male loggerhead movements assists conservation planning by identifying biologically relevant spatial scales at which research and management strategies should be designed.

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J.L. Al-Zaidy, Kadhim, and Giuliana Parisi. "Re Extrapolation For The Iraq Marshes Which Falling Within The World Heritage List(A Literature Review)." Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol8.iss2.60.

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The Mesopotamian Marshlands or The Garden of Eden, lies in the southern part of Iraq with estimated area of 15000-20000 km2. Historically, the area had pioneering role in the human civilization for over 5000 years. The indigenous people of the area are called “Marsh Arabs” or “Ma’dan” who are the descendants of the Sumerians and Semitic people. The former Iraqi regime (Saddam Hussein) had violently led an aggressive campaign to drain the marshes in 1991. Only %7 of the total area survived this campaign, which caused a mass destruction of the ecosystem and dwellers’ displacement. In 2003, water started to flow back to the area. Yet, the reflooding did not restore the whole former area of the wetlands. Moreover, the new ecosystem influenced the diversity and characteristics of the co-existing species in the area. In 2016, due to the importance of the Mesopotamian Marshlands, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed three marshes from the area as World Heritage Sites requiring conservation, namely: Hammar, Hwezeh and Central Marshes. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the ecosystem of those three sites from a biological perspective by examining some challenges that should be dealt with to restore stability to this multi-thousand-year-old system

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Tilt, Bryan, and Edwin Schmitt. "The Integrative Dam Assessment Model: Reflections from an Anthropological Perspective." Practicing Anthropology 35, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.35.1.5135436vq153t701.

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In 2000, the World Commission on Dams (WCD), an organization under the guidance of the World Bank and the World Conservation Union, called for more equitable, interdisciplinary, and sustainable decision making with respect to large dams. The WCD advanced seven Strategic Priorities toward this goal, one of which was the need for a "comprehensive options assessment" of different hydrodevelopment scenarios. In response, an interdisciplinary group of scientists began developing the Integrative Dam Assessment Model (IDAM) with funding from the United States National Science Foundation. Our goal was to support more informed and transparent decision making processes related to dam development by creating a modeling tool that could help decision makers understand and visualize how a given dam project would affect human communities and ecosystems. Working with institutional partners in China, we have collected natural and social science data from two watersheds—the Nu River and the Upper Mekong River—that are currently undergoing large-scale hydropower development. In this paper, we wish to outline the objectives and accomplishments of this interdisciplinary project and reflect on our experience as anthropologists contributing to the modeling effort.

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Spenceley, Anna. "Tourism and protected areas: Comparing the 2003 and 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415612515.

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The International Union for the Conservation of Nature World Parks Congress is held once a decade, and brings together thousands of the world’s experts on protected areas. In 2014, the Sydney World Parks Congress and the parallel event, Global Eco, provided a platform for 125 presentations relating to tourism and visitation. This paper presents a synthesis of the body of work shared at Sydney, including some of the cutting-edge issues, best practices, and inspiring initiatives relating to sustainable tourism. In particular, it compares issues that were highlighted at the 2003 World Parks Congress, and how they have evolved and progressed over the past decade. The paper highlights the role of different stakeholders from different corners of the world in promoting sustainable tourism practices. It also considers the relevance of tourism to the themes of the World Parks Congress, and how the sector is reflected within the official records of the 2003 and 2014 World Parks Congress. Looking forward to the next 10 years, the paper reflects on specific challenges, gaps in knowledge, and areas for further research and outreach.

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POKATAIEVA, Olha V., Lesia A. SAVCHENKO, Oleksandr M. BUKHANEVYCH, Anton O. MONAIENKO, and Olga P. GETMANETS. "Instruments of Financial Legal Policy in the Countries of the European Union." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.4(50).28.

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For the purpose of a more detailed analysis of the features of administrative regulation of fiscal policy, it is necessary to consider examples of fiscal regulation of business processes in individual foreign countries, as well as features of fiscal policy in the EU. For several decades in a row, the G7 countries – Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Canada, the USA, France, and Japan - determine world economic policy. Despite the periodic global economic crises, they are among the first to overcome their consequences and maintain a leading position in the global business environment. This happens due to a balanced fiscal regulation policy. Among their common features is that part of the GDP that they accumulate through leverage of fiscal regulation has a steady tendency for growth. Thus, over the past 40 years in France, this share has grown by 10.1%, and in Canada - by 10.9%. The paper shows that the theoretical basis of modern fiscal regulation in these countries is neo-conservatism, the basis of which is the importance of direct impact on production through targeted and large-scale tax cuts. The authors show that fiscal regulation in this case provides incentives for conservation and investment. Another important element is the reduction of government spending, mainly due to the implementation of targeted government programs. However, despite several common features, each country has certain features in the administrative and legal regulation of fiscal policy. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that it is necessary to investigate these features in more detail through the lens the historical development of the administrative and legal regulation of fiscal policy in foreign countries.

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Hermoso, Virgilio, and Miguel Clavero. "Threatening processes and conservation management of endemic freshwater fish in the Mediterranean basin: a review." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 3 (2011): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09300.

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Mediterranean endemic freshwater fish are among the most threatened biota in the world. The Mediterranean basin has experienced substantial reductions in precipitation and water availability, which will worsen with climate change. Current water policy is directed to increase water-supply demands, especially for agriculture, and not to improve water-use efficiency and implement integrated and sustainable water management. Illegal extractions are common, exacerbating problems for important protected areas. Management is needed to mitigate the conflicts between environmental water and human demand, and ensure availability of water to maintain ecological processes and Mediterranean freshwater biodiversity. Water availability is not the only threat, although it is exacerbated by pollution and invasive species. The uneven spatial distribution of threats across the Mediterranean basin requires different strategies to conserve freshwater biodiversity. Implementation of multi-national laws (e.g. Water Framework Directive in the European Union) will help future management of freshwater ecosystems. Management actions must be planned at whole-catchment scales, with collaboration among different countries and water-management authorities. The current reserve area is small compared with other areas in the world and driven by terrestrial interests, and should be evaluated for its effectiveness to protect the Mediterranean freshwater biodiversity.

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ΘΕΟΔΟΣΙΟΥ - ΔΡΑΝΔΑΚΗ, Ε. "Γεωλογικό πλαίσιο για την επιλογή γεώτοπων σύμφωνα με τις προδιαγραφές της Διεθνούς Ένωσης Γεωεπιστημών (IUGS) και της Ευρωπαϊκής Εταιρείας για τη Διατήρηση της Γεωλογικής - Γεωμορφολογικής Κληρονομιάς (ProGEO). Πρώτη Φάση: Ετοιμασία ενός πρώτου πλαισίου σε επίπεδο χώρας." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17702.

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This contribution refers to the history of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) initiative for the inventory and compilation of the global geosites list, "The geosite project". This project that started in1996 came as a consequence of the recent years discussion in international level, geological sites to be included in global site-based conservation and protection projects and in the world heritage list of UNESCO.The Global Geosites Working Group set up by International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) with the support of UNESCO in 1995, undertook the initiative for the systematic inventory of the most important sites, above all for the needs of the geological sciences research and education. The project aims also, to involve the whole geological community in geoconservation, as well as to support any national or international initiative to protect geodiversity, a recourse completely unrenewable. In Europe the whole pilot work for the geosites project is carried out by ProGEO, the European Association for the geological-geomorphological heritage conservation. ProGEO to which most of Europe's nations are represented by members, through regular international congresses, meetings, workshops, has led the way for the project, supported by its regional working groups and its national representatives (Greece belongs to the ProGEO WG1 of south-eastern Europe).

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OREDSSON, ALF. "Threatened species not necessarily rare, rare species not necessarily threatened." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 3 (September 1997): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000283.

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In the beautifully-illustrated book of rare and threatened plants of Greece (Phitos et al. 1995), the selection of species is based strictly on the four World Conservation Union (IUCN) categories of ‘extinct’, ‘endangered’, ‘vulnerable’ and ‘rare’ (Lucas & Synge 1978). The Swedish ‘red data’ book of plants (Aronsson et al. 1995) adds ‘care-demanding species’ to the list. Five percent of the total number of vascular plant species in Greece are included in the Greek book, while 23% of the vascular plant species in Sweden are in the Swedish book. This latter percentage may appear to be sufficiently large, but is it?

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Thizy, Delphine, Isabelle Coche, and Jantina de Vries. "Providing a policy framework for responsible gene drive research: an analysis of the existing governance landscape and priority areas for further research." Wellcome Open Research 5 (July 20, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16023.1.

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The progress in gene drive research has made the possibility of a future release in the environment probable. This prospect is raising new questions related to the adequacy of the policy frameworks in place to manage and regulate the research and its outcomes responsibly. A number of international mechanisms are exploring how to evaluate this technology. Amongst them, the Convention of Biological Diversity and the Cartagena Protocol, the review mechanisms of the World Health Organisation, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature are offering international fora for dialogue, while regional entities, such as the African Union, are developing specific frameworks to build their preparedness for oversight of gene drive organisms. In this manuscript, we review the existing regulatory landscape around gene drive research and map areas of convergence and divergence, as well as gaps in relation to guidelines for community engagement in gene drive research.

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MITRA, KINSUK. "Mohan Munasinghe and Jeffrey McNeely, eds., Protected Area Economics and Policy—Linking Conservation and Sustainable Development, The World Bank, Washington, DC, and the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 1994. ISBN 0–8213–3132–9. 364 pages)." Environment and Development Economics 3, no. 4 (October 1998): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98220262.

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CROUZEILLES, RENATO, MARIANA M. VALE, RUI CERQUEIRA, and CARLOS E. V. GRELLE. "Increasing strict protection through protected areas on Brazilian private lands." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 3 (November 29, 2012): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000367.

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SUMMARYA key strategy to reduce habitat loss and fragmentation involves the establishment of protected areas (PAs). Worldwide, c. 13% of land lies within PAs, but only 6% is subject to the more restrictive International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories I-IV. Private PAs may contribute to this figure, but require general guidance principles for their management. The Brazilian ‘Private Natural Heritage Reserves’ (RPPNs) constitute an example of good PA management, employing seven principles that should guide the creation of all private PAs. RPPNs have legal status and long-term security, allow only for indirect human uses, and provide a strategic conservation role in highly fragmented landscapes by improving connectivity. However, RPPNs are virtually absent from the World Database on Protected Areas, and given Brazil's continental size, and the considerable and increasing number of RPPNs in Brazil, this omission has the potential to skew accurate quantification of the area of land subject to strict protection. The RPPN model can make an important contribution to the discussion of the role of private PAs in conservation, especially in the tropics.

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Martins, Angela, and Vicensia Shule. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts, culture, and heritage sectors in the African Union member states." International Journal of Cultural Property 27, no. 4 (November 2020): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739121000047.

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Africa as a continent has been hit by the coronavirus – the COVID-19 pandemic – as have many parts of the world. Many African Union (AU) member states were badly hit by the virus, while others were only mildly impacted. The arts, culture, and heritage sectors have been severely hit by the pandemic. Fortunately, in many countries in Africa, arts, culture, and heritage were placed at the heart of strategic priorities at the national, regional, and continental levels of combating COVID-19.

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Roughsedge, T. "The role of gene banks in conserving farm animal genetic resources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021566.

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The concept of conserving genetic resources was first introduced in 1928 by Vavilov, a Russian botanist who founded a plant genetic resources bank at the All-Union Institute of Plant Breeding, Leningrad (Simon, 1984). The issue was first raised by the animal production world in 1959 where a need to conserve animal genetic resources was expressed at a Joint Symposium on Germplasm Resources for plant and animal breeders in Chicago (Simon, 1984). The emergence of these ideas can be associated with the recognition of advances in animal breeding and reproductive technology leading to a small number of highly productive breeds taking a dominant position in the production process. Three main forms of conservation can be considered; (i) cyopreservation (gene bank); (ii) maintaining control populations (no selection); (iii) managing live animal populations. This overview will focus on the role that cyopreservation plays in conservation of animal genetic resources.

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Trittin, Jürgen. "The Role of the Nation State in International Environmental Policy." Global Environmental Politics 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152638004773730194.

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In this article, the German Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety analyzes the role of the nation state in international environmental policy. With reference to the European Union, he argues that independent national environmental policy no longer exists inside the Union. Brussels now has greater influence on environmental legislation than any nation state in Europe—a development that the minister expressly welcomes. He argues that it has proven highly useful for Union members to speak with one voice at global environmental conferences and to present a united front just like one strong nation state. On the other hand, the communitarization within Europe does not prevent members from becoming front-runners in environmental policy. The minister further calls for changes at the global level to ensure that global environmental institutions and environmental law are given much greater weight. The historic task of nation states today is to introduce global environmental legislation that is more powerful than any nation state or any transnational corporation. The German government therefore strongly favors transforming UNEP into a world environment organization that can stand up to the WTO, the FAO and transnational corporations.

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LOCKE, HARVEY, and PHILIP DEARDEN. "Rethinking protected area categories and the new paradigm." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905001852.

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The World Conservation Union (IUCN) plays a global leadership role in defining different types of protected areas, and influencing how protected area systems develop and are managed. Following the 1992 World Parks Congress, a new system of categorizing protected areas was developed. New categories were introduced, including categories that allowed resource extraction. Since that time there has been rapid growth in the global numbers and size of protected areas, with most growth being shown in the new categories. Further-more, the IUCN has heralded a ‘new paradigm’ of protected areas, which became the main focus of the 2003 World Parks Congress. The paradigm focuses on benefits to local people to alleviate poverty, re-engineering protected areas professionals, and an emphasis on the interaction between humans and nature through a focus on the new IUCN protected area categories.The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the implications of the new categories and paradigm shift in light of the main purpose of protected areas, to protect wild biodiversity. Wild biodiversity will not be well served by adoption of this new paradigm, which will devalue conservation biology, undermine the creation of more strictly protected reserves, inflate the amount of area in reserves and place people at the centre of the protected area agenda at the expense of wild biodiversity. Only IUCN categories I–IV should be recognized as protected areas. The new categories, namely culturally modified landscapes (V) and managed resource areas (VI), should be reclassified as sustainable development areas. To do so would better serve both the protection of wild biodiversity and those seeking to meet human needs on humanized landscapes where sustainable development is practised.

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Journal articles on the topic 'World Conservation Union'

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