Academic literature on the topic 'World Cup (Cricket)'

Purpose This study aims to focus on the development and upgrading of the Hagley Park cricket oval in Christchurch for the 2015 Cricket World Cup and how this hallmark event was used a catalyst to rebrand the city following the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the findings from research conducted between 2012 and 2016. Data for the analysis were collected from mainstream media, sport organisations websites and government archives. In addition, a two-round series of semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders was undertaken in the aftermath of the Cricket World Cup. Findings In the case of Christchurch, the earthquakes and the destruction of much of the downtown provided a recovery opportunity, with the 2015 Cricket World Cup used to expedite the development of a new sporting venue in the city centre and rebrand the city to international tourists and sport enthusiasts. Research limitations/implications The Hagley Park cricket oval case study provides evidence on the rhetoric of urban competitiveness and the use of hallmark sporting events to reframe urban development in post-disaster contexts. Originality/value This research provides further evidence on the logics of disaster capitalism and how cities embark on costly redevelopment projects for sports and events whilst overlooking exacerbating vulnerabilities among the local community.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze user-generated comments posted on social media while live matches were being played during the Cricket World Cup 2015. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from Yahoo! Cricket (YC), a website that allows people to submit comments during live matches. The comments were qualitatively analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Findings The key finding of this paper is that people like to consume live sporting events in an online social setting rather than as isolated individuals. In addition, the use of the grounded theory approach helped uncover several new findings related to people’s use of social media during live matches. Research limitations/implications Since this paper studied the case of the Cricket World Cup 2015 and collected data from YC, caution is advocated in generalizing its findings. Originality/value Scholarly interest on the use of social media during live sporting events is growing. Building on such works, this paper highlights how user-generated comments posted during the Cricket World Cup 2015 – mostly by individuals within the Indian subcontinent – intersected with broader issues such as culture, identity, politics and religion.

The aim of this study has been appointed to find out the ratio of women’s sports get in Bangladeshi daily newspapers, the difference in coverage of men’s and women’s cricket, and identify the overall treatment of men’s and women’s cricket news coverage during the biggest events and explore why women’s cricket news is covered in such way. Regarding this, 44 days of news from two dailies of Bangladesh have been analyzed. Interview of cricket specialists is taken to find out why they cover men’s and women’s cricket differently. This study found out that men’s cricket is covered with great excitement and during the men’s cricket world cup, most of the sports news is related to this topic. Different segments to attract readers are also published during this time. On the other hand, women’s cricket is not covered sufficiently even during the women’s T20 world cup. Men’s cricket is prioritized at this time also. Experts said that women’s cricket is not very popular among audiences and commercial purposes are the reason behind this type of coverage of women’s cricket. But the change in this type of coverage and the steps of media can make a difference in the popularization of women’s cricket in Bangladesh.

It was the purpose of this study to determine the economic benefits of the 2003 Cricket World Cup for the host community, through analysing the spending patterns of local residents, non-residents and local businesses. In the context of sport event tourism, economic impact is defined as the net economic change in a host community that results from spending attributed to a sport event or facility. The purpose of an economic analysis is to measure the economic benefits that accrue to a community, region or country (Fayos-Sola, 1997:242). In order for a country or community to benefit from a sport event such as the Cricket World Cup, leakages need to be determined and minimised. Saayman ed. (2001:107) has divided leakages into three categories, namely: o Imports; o Savings ratio, and o Taxes and subsidies. Questionnaires were distributed during the three matches played in Potchefstroom. A systematic random sampling method was used to determine the size of the sample. The questionnaires were distributed during the following three matches: 12 February 2003South Africa vs Kenya (A); 20 February 2003 - Australia vs Holland (B); and 27 February 2003 - Australia vs Namibia (C). The methodology consisted of two different types of questionnaires, namely a visitor questionnaire and a business questionnaire. 965 questionnaires were distributed among the tourists and 40 among businesses. The questionnaire covered aspects such as the average spending of different age groups and the amount of leakages that occurred during the event. The total spending during the event was calculated at R5.3 million. The spending in Potchefstroom after the first round of leakages (sales of imported goods) was R2.8 million. The study showed that more involvement from both businesses and the community could minimise the leakages and thus enhance the economic impact of the event in Potchefstroom. Events must be held to attract more international tourists, who will generate more money for the North West and particularly, for Potchefstroom's economy.
Thesis (MA (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There can be little doubt about the ability of major international sporting events to capture the aspirations and hopes of nations. These events have an uncanny ability of seemingly effortlessly doing what a hundred speeches and mass rallies by politicians could only hope to achieve. Therefore, it is no surprise that they are commonly understood to be able to bring nations and people together and provide a focus for national identity and unity. The 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa is an obvious proponent of such a claim, whereby South Africa was emerging from a long and arduous political transition and needed something more than going to the polling booths to unite the nation. Major international sporting events are also said to be able to provide a catalyst or incentive for democratization and human rights enhancement in authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes. The 1988 Olympics in South Korea is a landmark of such claims whereby the South Korean government was said to bow to the democratizing pressures exerted on it due to its hosting of the event. Many have argued that China’s hosting of the Olympics in 2008 will have a similar effect. However, equally potent, major international sporting events can have various unintended consequences in terms of identity formation, democratization prospects and human rights for the host nations. An analysis of South Africa and Zimbabwe’s co-hosting of the 2003 Cricket World Cup demonstrates this point. The outcomes of the study suggest that whilst it is normally the intention for the host nations to use the games to bring nations and people together, the Cricket World Cup opened up a rift between races, both within the race contours of the cricket playing Commonwealth world and within South Africa's domestic politics. It was also established that much like the 1995 Rugby World Cup had sought to reconcile blacks and whites domestically under the “Rainbow Nation” during Mandela's presidency, the 2003 Cricket World Cup, with its more regional focus and under Mbeki’s presidency, presented an excellent opportunity for transnational reconciliation between Africa and the Anglo-Saxon world. However, the 2003 Cricket World Cup, as a project in racial reconciliation, was essentially a failure. This was predominantly due to the choice by South Africa of Zimbabwe as co-host and due to the shift of South Africa's national identity from that of the “Rainbow Nation” under Mandela, to that of “Africanism” under Mbeki. President Mbeki’s drive towards “Africanism” proved divisive both transnationally and domestically. Symbolically, the Cricket World Cup, when compared with the 1995 Rugby World Cup, had served to highlight the decline of the “Rainbow Nation”. Zimbabwe's co-hosting of the event had served to further entrench the authoritarian regime. Instead of the regime opening up due to its co-hosting of the event, a broad clampdown on civil and political liberties was experienced. The Zimbabwean government felt the need to tighten its grip during the lead up to the event and throughout the tournament itself. The aim was to project a sanitized view of Zimbabwe to the rest of the world. Thus, the event presented an opportunity for the government to shore up its credibility and produce political propaganda. South Africa’s stance of “quiet diplomacy” also indirectly helped to further entrench the regime through the World Cup. Zimbabwe's co-hosting also impacted negatively on the opposition, the MDC. In addition to this, the various pressures which major events are said to exert on a host nation to reform politically and which result from boycott campaigns, pressure from the media, stimulation of civil society and protests, were not very effective in enhancing democratization prospects and human rights in Zimbabwe. This study reaches the overall conclusion that the claims that major events bring nations and people together and provide a catalyst or incentive for democratization and human rights enhancement in authoritarian regimes, need further revision. South Africa and Zimbabwe's co-hosting of the event did indeed have unintended consequences. Policy implications are also assessed. Future areas for research are also identified.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar bestaan min twyfel dat groot internasionele sportgebeurtenisse die strewes en verwagtinge van nasies aanwakker. Hierdie gebeutenisse het die vermoë om op ‘n oënskylike moeitelose wyse meer te bereik as wat ‘n honderd toesprake en massavergaderings deur politici kan hoop om te bereik. Daarom is dit geen verrassing nie dat daar vry algemeen aanvaar word dat hierdie gebeurtenisse oor die vermoë beskik om nasies en mense by mekaar te bring en ‘n fokus vir nasionale identiteit en eenheid kan verskaf. Die 1995 Rugby Wêreldbeker in Suid-Afrika, is ‘n ooglopende voorbeeld: Suid Afrika het uit ‘n lang en moeilike politieke oorgang gekom en het meer as ‘n blote verkiesing nodig gehad ten einde die nasie te verenig. Voorts is dit ook so dat groot internasionale sportgebeurtenisse ‘n katalisator of aansporing is vir demokratisering en die bevordering van mensregte in outoritêre en semi-outoritêre regerings. Die 1988 Olimpiese Spele in Suid-Korea ondersteun hierdie aanspraak. As gasheerland van hierdie spele, het die Suid-Koreaanse regering onder toenemende druk gekom om aan die vereistes van demokrasie te voldoen. Daar word verwag dat die Olimpiese Spele van 2008 dieselfde impak op China, die gasheerland, sal hê. Terselfdertyd is dit egter ook so dat groot internasionale sportgebeurtenisse vir die gasheerlande onverwagte negatiewe gevolge ten opsigte van identiteitsvorming, demokratiseringsvooruitsigte en bevordering van menseregte kan hê. n’ Ontleiding van Sui-Afrika en Zimbabwe se mede-aanbieding van die 2003 Krieket Wêreldbeker staaf hierdie stelling. Die resultate van die studie toon aan dat alhoewel gasheerlande normaalweg groot sportgebeurtenisse gebruik om nasies en mense byeen te bring, het die 2003 Krieket Wêreldbeker ‘n kloof tussen rasse veroorsaak – binne die krieketspelende Statebondswêreld sowel as die Suid- Afrikaanse huishoudelike politiek. Daar is ook vasgestel dat net soos die 1995 Rugby Wêreldbeker aan Suid-Afrika tydens die presidentskap van Mandela en onder die vaandel van die “Reënboognasie” ‘n plaaslike versoeningsgeleentheid tussen swart en wit gebied het, net so het die 2003 Krieket Wêreldbeker, met sy regionale fokus en onder presidentskap van Mbeki, ook ‘n uitstekende geleentheid vir trans-nasionale versoening tussen Afrika en die Anglo-Saksiese wêreld gebied. As versoeningsprojek was die 2003 Krieket Wêreldbeker egter in wese ‘n mislukking, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van Suid-Afrika se besluit dat Zimbabwe ‘n mede-gasheer moes wees en weens die feit dat Suid-Afrika se nasionale identiteit ‘n klemverskuiwing van “Reënboognasie” onder Mandela tot “Afrikanisme” onder Mbeki, ondergaan het. President Mbeki se beklemtoning van “Afrikanisme” was ook huishoudelik en trans-nasionaal verdelend. Simbolies gesproke, het die Krieket Wêreldbeker – in teenstelling met die Rugby Wêreldbeker – die “Reënboognasie” se verkwyning beklemtoon. Daar is ook vasgestel dat Zimbabwe se mede-aanbieding van die Krieket Wêreldbeker inderdaad hierdie outoritêre regering versterk het. In plaas daarvan die Zimbabwiese regering sy outoritêre greep as gevolg van sy mede-aanbieding verslap het, was daar inderdaad ‘n verdere breë onderdrukking van burgerlike en politieke regte. Die Zimbabwiese regering het in die aanloop tot en in die loop van die toernooi sy outoritêre greep verstewig ten einde ‘n gesaniteerde beeld van Zimbabwe aan die res van die wêreld te kon voorhou. Die Zimbabwiese regering het die geleentheid misbruik om geloofwaardigheid te probeer wen en politieke propaganda uit te stuur. Suid-Afrika se standpunt van “stille diplomasie” het ook die hand van Zimbabwiese regering versterk; en Zimbabwe se mede-aanbieding van die toernooi het ‘n negatiewe impak op die opposisie, die MDC, gehad. Die dwang wat op gasheerlande deur middel van boikotte, die media en proteste uitgeoefen kan word om polities te hervorm, was in die geval van Zimbabwe nie effektief nie. In hierdie studie word tot die slotsom gekom dat die aansprake dat groot sportgebeurtenisse nasies en mense saambring en ‘n aansporing vir demokratisering van outoritêre regerings is, verdere hersiening verg. Suid-Afrika en Zimbabwe se mede-aanbieding van die toernooi het onbeoogde gevolge gehad – en in sommige gevalle was hierdie gevolge selfs direk die teenoorgestelde van wat verwag is. Beleidsimplikasies word ook evalueer. Voorts word toekomstige navorsingsareas ook identifiseer.

It was paramount for the English-speaking Caribbean to host a successful 2007 Cricket World Cup and field an outstanding West Indian cricket team for the international sporting mega-event. For CARICOM and the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB), there were two principle goals – first, to exhibit regional Caribbean identity, and second, to be triumphant under the leadership of the West Indian cricket team’s captain, Trinidadian Brian Lara. Identities are multifaceted and intricate, negotiated and renegotiated, based on a history of economic, political and cultural forces. This thesis interrogates Caribbean identity through textual analysis of the broadcast of the opening ceremony and regional newspaper coverage of the spectacle as well as ensuing events that were held in eight of the Caribbean countries from 11 March to 28 April 2007. The thesis questions whether this mega-event served as a catalyst toward Caribbean identity construction.

Cricket umpiring is demanding. In today’s world where so much technology is available to television viewers, they expect perfect umpiring, forgetting that what they see on their television screens is not available to the umpires standing in the middle of the field making the decisions. This study aimed to examine cricket umpires on-field decisions during the 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup. Examining leg before wicket (LBW) and caught behind decisions, in particular. The researcher made use of a notational analysis program known as Umpirestat to collect the necessary data on each umpire. The umpires were examined in two groups Elite and International umpires (groupings defined by the ICC) and were compared to a base line in the form of Hawk-Eye for LBW decisions and TV replays for caught behind decisions. The umpire groups were compared to each other and then to the base line, an individual umpire comparison was then done within each grouping. The data was statistically analysed using percentages, chi squared and modelling for the Elite Umpires. For LBW decisions there was a difference of 2.02% between Elite and International umpires, showing a similarity between the two groups. The difference between Elite Umpires and Hawk-Eye was 18.83% and between International umpires and Hawk-Eye was 16.81%, showing difference between the three groups. It was found that there was a difference of 3.63% for caught behind decisions between Elite and International umpires, showing a similarity between the two groups. The difference between Elite Umpires and TV replays was 2.99% and between International umpires and TV replays there was 0.64%, showing similarities between the three groups. In conclusion, for LBW appeals there is a similarity between Elite and International umpire groupings however a difference exists between Hawk-Eye and both groupings of umpires. For the individual umpires LBW comparison the following was seen for the International umpires; no real conclusions could be drawn due to limited amounts of data collected on them. However, variances in individual performances were seen within the International umpire grouping. For Elite Umpires, it is clearly seen in the model that the umpires expected number of dismissals got closer together and almost group together at around four appeals. This indicates a strong consensus amongst umpires when dealing with four, five and six appeals during a match. This consensus is more pronounced for four and five appeals. In conclusion, for caught behind appeals there is a similarity between Elite and International umpires as well as a similarity between replays and both groups of umpires. For the individual umpires caught behind comparison the following was seen for the International umpires; as with the LBW results there was limited amount of data available for the caught behind results. Thus no real conclusions could be drawn for International umpire caught behind decisions, although when examining the percentage data, differences can be seen. For the individual umpires caught behind comparison the following was seen for the Elite Umpires, no consensus is seen between the umpires - they all appear to have different expected dismissals to one another. Copyright
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
unrestricted

This research is an investigation into the political economy of sports broadcasting within a South African context, using the ICC Cricket World Cup 2003 (CWC2003) as a case study. The staging of this global event, hosted by South Africa, is the focal point of many the world's largest sports media institutions and the production, packaging and distribution of the event is worth hundreds of millions of dollars. There are also many economic spin-offs generated by a media event of this magnitude in the form of ad spend and media merchandising which add to the monetary value of the Cricket World Cup as a mediated commodity. This dissertation looks at the political economy of the media in relation to the rapid globalization of the economics of sport and the role that technology has played in this development. In particular, the research will focus on the South African television broadcasting environment while at the same time acknowledging the trends and impact that global forces in sports economics have had on broadcasting. The research pays particular attention to the question of national identity and the role that sport broadcasting on television plays in building a spirit of national unity. This unifying tool has raised debates by the government regarding access to sporting events that are deemed to be of 'national interest'. In light of this, the dissertation looks at the role that public service broadcasting now plays in broadcasting sport to the greater population in South Africa. Finally, the dissertation looks at the case study of the cricket World Cup 2003 held in South Africa against which to apply the theories of political economy, globalization, and national interest. The dissertation looks at the audiences and spectators at the center of a dynamic relationship between Sports bodies, commercial agents, broadcasters and advertisers.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

This chapter examines two cricket stars from the small island nation of Sri Lanka: bowler Muttiah Muralitharan, aka Murali, who led his team to a World Cup title in 1993, and batsman Kumar Sangakkara (aka Sanga). National icons of rivalrous ethnic cultures, the Tamil and the Sinhalese, during a bloody period of civil war, they came to embody cricket-mad Sri Lanka.

For the past 20 years, New Zealand, a country relatively remote in geographi- cal terms, has been actively communicating with the international visitor market in order to construct a global brand for the country. As a tourist destination, New Zealand offers an impressive range of natural and cultural attractions, out- door activities, urban tourism and a diverse event calendar. In 2017, the country welcomed 3.7m visitors, with the market forecast to grow by 7.5% in 2018. The active role of the Government in the visitor economy makes New Zealand an attractive investment destination. Extensive marketing campaigns, significant expansion of transport connections, private investment in infrastructure and the hotel sector indicate that New Zealand will continue its sustainable tourism growth over the coming years. Major events have been recognised as a powerful and successful instrument that can brand the country directly to the target audience. The ever-increasing numbers of international event visitors to New Zealand, as well as recent success in securing bids for such large-scale international events as 2011 Rugby World Cup, 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup, 2015 FIFA U-20 World cup and 2017 World Master Games, demonstrate the relevance of the employed strategy. This chapter reviews a national event portfolio approach in New Zealand. The approach is characterised by a strong top-down orientation, where the Govern- ment plays the leading role in determining current economic and socio-cultural objectives for the major event industry, implementation of the national event strategy and evaluation of the investment in major events. The data for this chap- ter have been collected by document selection and analysis and by interviewing several industry experts.