Academic literature on the topic 'World currency market'

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Journal articles on the topic "World currency market"

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Kavtaradze, Nino. "CURRENCY SYSTEM AND CURRENCY TRADING OF GEORGIA." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 104, no. 1-2 (2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/1-2-70.

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The present empirical paper investigates the following issues: the formation of the Georgian currency system that started after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the country has declared its independence, establishing the National Bank of Georgia and issuing the national currency. Also is discussed financial market where foreign exchange and transaction are made. As it is known today, in the international currency market, 90% of the world market holds the FOREX (Foreign Exchange Market), which makes it the largest foreign exchange market in the world. FOREX currency traders, together with
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Zaporozhan, A. Ya. "Evolution of the Financial Market. Cryptocurrency." Administrative Consulting, no. 5 (June 7, 2018): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2018-5-77-85.

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The article is devoted to the causes of the origin, the consequences of the functioning of the crypto currency and the prospect of restructuring the modern financial system on the basis of blocking technology. The article shows that the crypto currency emerged as an evolutionary stage in the development of the world payment system, that the modern financial system is developing in a dead-end direction, that the use of crypto currency and its derivatives in practice can destroy the world payment system and world financial market from within. It is suggested that, based
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Ershov, M. V. "Global trends in the world economy and new opportunities for Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 4, 2024): 5–28. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-12-5-28.

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Systemic changes in the global economy and in the financial markets become increasingly obvious. This is fully true for Russia. Sanctions against it are expanding, financial markets in the country are undergoing changes, even the rules of the game are changing, and the transformation of the economy is becoming increasingly clear. But despite serious challenges, in general, the forming situation opens up new opportunities for Russia. Currently, as was the case 35 years ago (when the foundations of the Russian currency market were laid, which became an indicator of subsequent market processes),
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Vasilevskiy, I. M. "Russia's transition to settlements in national currencies in the context of changes in the world monetary and financial system." Economics and Management 30, no. 4 (2024): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2024-4-484-491.

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Aim. To determine the background and prospects of the Russian Federation's (RF) transition to settlements in national currencies in the context of changes in the world monetary and financial system.Objectives. To analyze the current state of the currency market of the Russian Federation in terms of currency structure and main instruments; to identify the reasons for the transformation of the currency market of the Russian Federation; to characterize the prerequisites for the transition to settlements in national currencies in foreign trade; to assess the prospects of such a transition and its
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Mohsin Ali, Mohsin Ali. "Crypto Currency in Cyber world." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 1, no. 1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2017.01015.

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The Article covers the key aspect of the evolution of Cryptocurrency as a future mode of payment for merchant and consumers, the paper will highlight all the key elements that plays a pivotal role in influencing the market value of the Cryptocurrency, with respect to the acceptance of Cryptocurrency within general people, government regulations for this means of transaction, the security aspect of the currency, and where, how and who is using this currency, the perks and the disadvantage that have taken birth due to the advent of this currency which includes bitcoin, ethereum, and other alt-co
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Pankrukhina, A. M. "PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF THE CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD." Globus: economy sciences 7, no. 3(43) (2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2713-3052-43-3-6.

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The appearance of cryptocurrency has become a high-profile event, around which disputes still persist. Some see it as a direct threat to the security of national economy, some as a long-awaited triumph of market principles of self-regulation. The necessity, expediency and the most effective model of regulating the cryptocurrency market are burning issues. The relevance of these issues in the context of Russian reality is proved at least by the fact that Russia is one of the leading countries in the use of digital currency, and the number of crypto wallets opened by Russians has exceeded 8 mill
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Sakharov, D. M. "Reserve currency competition in a polycentric world financial system." Finance: Theory and Practice 26, no. 1 (2022): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2022-26-1-6-23.

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This research is devoted to the issues of reserve currency competition in the global financial system. The paper aims to investigate key sources of competitive advantages of reserve currencies in the context of the development of the global financial system towards currency multipolarity and assess how digital transformation can affect the drivers of reserve currencies’ competitive positions in the global financial system. The author uses the following methods of scientific research: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, deduction, induction, and logical method. The article notes that the financia
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THANKACHAN, JESNA. "A Comparative Study on Advantages of International Prepaid Cards for Travelers with Special Focus on Banks and Thomascook." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 07 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem51294.

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The foreign exchange market (forex or currency market) is a decentralized over –the –counter financial market for the trading of currencies .financial centres around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers around the clock with the exception of weekends. The purpose of the foreign exchange market forex is to assist international trade and investment .The foreign exchange market allows businesses to convert one currency to another foreign currency .for eg:it permits a US business to import European goods and pay Euros ,even though t
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Ханлар гызы Ибрахимли, Айнур. "World experience in the field of money market formation." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (2021): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/130-132.

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The article examines the role of the money market in the local currency in the financial market, analyzes the prerequisites for the formation of the money market and the factors necessary for its development. The study examines both the ambitious policy reforms and the specifics of money market formation in the implementation of financial sector development plans and the solution of specific tasks for the development of money markets, the development of financial markets in developing and bordering countries. The main idea of the study is that the formation of stable and money markets is close
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Choe, Myeong Sig. "An Alternative Futures Hedge for Minor Currencies." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 12, no. 1 (2004): 87–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2004-b0005.

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In a world of trade among nations using different currencies, every exchange of goods, services, or assets taking place between economic actors of different nations requires an accompanying currency transaction. If foreign exchange rates were fixed, this would be little more than a formality and not a potential source of market distortion. In the current world, however, the currency exchange rates are often very volatile and can affect market prices when viewed from outside the economy. Individuals with risk-averse preferences seek to minimize the potential losses possible from their currency
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World currency market"

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Тітаренко, В. С. "Світовий валютний ринок: проблеми та перспективи розвитку". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Titarenko.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче<br>У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти функціонування світового валютного ринку: розглянуте поняття, класифікація та роль валюти та валютного ринку; охарактеризовані функції міжнародного валютного ринку та його учасники; досліджені сутність та види валютних операцій. Проаналізовано практичні аспекти функціонування світового валютного ринку в сучасних умовах: розглянуті особливості еволюційного розвитку світової валютної системи та валютного ринку; визначені тенденцій розвитку світового валютн
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Wolf, Christopher Alexander. "Case Histories and Analyses of Synthetic Economies: Implications for Experiments, Game Design, Monetization, and Revenue Maximization." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1368095911.

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Ilchenko, Anastasia, and Анастасія Ільченко. "Current trends in the global e-commerce market." Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50585.

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1. Global Ecommerce Update 2021 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.emarketer.com/content/global-ecommerce-update-2021. 2. Retail e-commerce sales worldwide from 2014 to 2023 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.statista.com/statistics/379046/worldwide-retail-e-commerce-sales. 3. Ecommerce Statistics for 2021 – Chatbots, Voice, Omni-Channel Marketing [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://kinsta.com/blog/ecommerce-statistics. 4. Digital 2021 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://wearesocial.com/digital-2021.<br>In recent decades, Internet penetratio
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Petersson, Gustav Jakob. "Insurance and cartels through wars and depressions : Swedish Marine insurance and reinsurance between the World Wars." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49020.

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The aim of this thesis is to enhance our understanding of Swedish marine insurers' choices of business strategies under the potentially difficult business circumstances of the interwar period 1918-1939. Little previous research exists on marine insurance during the interwar period. This is remarkable in the Swedish context since the Swedish economy has traditionally depended on its exports. The focus on Sweden is justified since the Swedish insurance market saw regulatory stability during the interwar period. It was also characterised by the coexistence of stock and mutual insurers, allowing t
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Hrachova, D. V. "Current trends in the development of the international real estate market." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86552.

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The essence of the international real estate market was investigated in the work. The world real estate market, problems, trends and forecasts were studied. The main purpose of this study is to consider and study the process of functioning of the real estate market, to identify its main patterns and trends.<br>У роботі досліджено сутність міжнародного ринку нерухомості. Досліджено світовий ринок нерухомості, проблеми, тенденції та прогнозування Основною метою цього дослідження є розгляд та дослідження процесу функціонування ринку нерухомості, виявлення його основних закономірностей та тенденц
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Dumitrescu, Andrei, and Antti Tuovila. "The relationship between carry trade currencies and equity markets, during the 2003-2012 time period." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73213.

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One of the most popular investment and trading strategies over the last decade, has been the currency carry trade, which allows traders and investors to buy high-yielding currencies in the Foreign Exchange spot market by borrowing, low or zero interest rate currencies in the form of pairs, such as the Australian Dollar/Japanese Yen (AUD/JPY), with the purpose of investing the proceeds afterwards into fixed-income securities.To be able to determine the causality between the returns of equity markets and the foreign exchange market, we choose to observe the sensitivity and influence of two equit
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Kvasnička, Karel. "Mobilní zdroje elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413211.

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Yung-Hung, Chen, and 陳永泓. "Volatility Factor Analysis of Foreign Currency and World Stock Markets." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93981710866129073213.

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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>國際企業學系<br>94<br>This thesis tends to identify the volatility factor of foreign currency and world stock markets. We also testify whether factor volatility models by dimension reduction are well performing than traditional volatility models. Two currency futures traded in CME and ten MSCI developed market indices are adopted as foreign currency and world stock markets respectively. The methods of dimension reduction used in the research are principal com-ponent analysis (PCA) and modified conditionally heteroskedastic (MCH) factor model. In order to fit multivariate model, one
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Books on the topic "World currency market"

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Alekseev, Petr, Vladislav Antropov, Valeriy Barabanov, et al. The multi-currency standard and the global financial market. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1871448.

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The monograph was prepared by a team of authors of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budgetary funds under the state assignment of the Financial University.&#x0D; The directions, forms and prospects of creating a multi-currency standard in the process of transformation of the world monetary and financial system are investigated. An integral model for assessing the sectoral development of the global financial market has been developed. The possibilities of adapting the Russian financial market t
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Hashim, Yahaya. Cross-border trade and the parallel currency market - trade and finance in the context of structural adjustment: A case study from Kano, Nigeria. Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1999.

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Santis, Giorgio de. The single European currency and world equity markets. INSEAD, 1997.

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Hutorova, Natal'ya. Sustainable financing. Current trends and risks. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2180633.

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The monograph analyzes the main stages of the formation and development of the concept of sustainable development and the origins of the green economy. The directions of the integration of ESG principles into the sustainable development strategy are determined, approaches to assessing the progress of the integration of ESG approaches and ESG risks are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the development of socially responsible investment approaches and the formation of global sustainable finance markets. The main trends in global sustainable finance markets have been identified. It reflects
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Elder, Melissa. Men's health: The world market for current and emerging drug therapies. Edited by Heffner Steven and Kalorama Information LLC. Kalorama Information, 2003.

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Sin, Hyŏn-gyu. Segye taechʻe ŭihak sijang =: The current status of CAM world market. Hanʼguk Hanŭihak Yŏnʼguwŏn, 2007.

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Huang, Roger D. Major world equity markets: Current structure and prospects for change. New York University Salomon Center, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, 1991.

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Huang, Roger D. Major world equity markets: Current structure and prospects for change. Salomon Brothers Center for the Study of Financial Institutions, 1991.

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Linnik, Vladimir, and Oksana Baykova. International fuel and energy business. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2126397.

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The textbook covers a range of issues related to international business and trade in the oil and gas industry. Considerable attention is paid to the forms and methods of conducting international business and trade, the world oil and natural gas markets at the current stage of their development are characterized, fiscal measures and legal issues of interstate regulation of the oil and gas market, as well as payment and settlement methods, necessary documentation, and various types of contracts practiced on the world oil markets are considered. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of
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Fund, International Monetary. World economic outlook: Public debt in emerging markets. International Monetary Fund, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "World currency market"

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Bielig, Andreas. "Digital Currency Competition in Global Trade. Departure to a New Era or Persistence of Market Structures?" In Digital Currencies in The New Global World Order. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4810-5_12.

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Sinha, Sitabhra, and Uday Kovur. "Uncovering the Network Structure of the World Currency Market: Cross-Correlations in the Fluctuations of Daily Exchange Rates." In Econophysics of Agent-Based Models. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00023-7_11.

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Cline, Dale K., and Sandeep Mazumder. "World reserve currency." In Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003251453-10.

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Shokoohi, Z., M. H. Tarazkar, and A. Polat. "World fig market." In The fig: botany, production and uses. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242881.0019.

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Abstract This chapter summarizes the global fig trends including production, importing and exporting countries, consumption, and the global market structure. The best current and future markets are identified. Export standards are also discussed.
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Meylakhs, Peter. "The Current State of the World Heroin Markets." In Dual Markets. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65361-7_2.

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Wang, Pei, Han Li, and Yi Yang. "Outlook of the World Oil Market Under Geopolitical Turbulence." In Current Chinese Economic Report Series. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-5261-7_4.

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Dubin, Jeffrey A. "The World Demand for Fractional Horsepower Direct-Current Motors." In Studies in Consumer Demand — Econometric Methods Applied to Market Data. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5665-7_2.

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Ananthachar, Vinay. "Current and Next Generation Solar Cell Market Outlook." In Proceedings of ISES World Congress 2007 (Vol. I – Vol. V). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75997-3_595.

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Moore, Trivess, and Andréanne Doyon. "Current Housing Provision." In A Transition to Sustainable Housing. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2760-9_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore current housing provision and outline how we have arrived at the current way of ‘doing’ housing, including the governing, financing, planning, designing, building, and habitation of housing. We start the chapter by discussing the market failures of housing and neo-classical market approaches that are not suitable for providing the type of sustainable housing required for achieving a low carbon future. To address this, the use of policy by government in many parts of the world has been a critical driver of housing design, quality, and performance. However, ma
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Li, Shaomin. "The Currency Exchange Market in East Asia." In East Asian Business in the New World. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101283-3.00007-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "World currency market"

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DeLashmit, Larry W. "Successful Installation of Rubber Linings in Phosphoric Acid Service." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01432.

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Abstract Rubber linings have been used successfully in equipment for the manufacture, storage and transportation of phosphoric acid for many years. It is the most cost-effective material for preventing corrosion when the correct material is selected and the application is done properly. With the current world market pressure, manufactures have to maximize the use of their plant and equipment to remain competitive in the world economy.
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Murro, Rocco. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND INVESTMENTS FOR URBAN RENOVATION: ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY WITH THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC PRINCIPLES TO REAL ESTATE APPRAISAL." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.54.

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Climate change requires significant measures to adapt existing cities to new requirements; extensive urban renewal actions are therefore necessary. In order to be financially sustainable, such investments are mainly based on real estate and market operations, also at long term. The current valuation practice would require to resort to appraisal methods based on actual, historical market data, also known as Revealed Preference Methods (RPMs), which allow to derive the preferences expressed by the actions of market. Because of the instability, complexity and uncertainty of real estate markets as
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Matei, Adrian, Doru Cioclea, Razvan Dragoescu, and Alexandru Camarasescu. "THE CONTINUATION OF THE EXTRACTION OF USEFUL MINERAL SUBSTANCES IN THE CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL CONTEXT." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s03.50.

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In the last decade, at the global level, most countries have emphasized the reduction of energy consumption produced with the help of solid fuels, trying to reduce the volume of greenhouse gases and polluting gases by identifying new sources and methods of energy production that have a low effect on the environment and people. Romania is preparing to ensure energy security by producing electricity from renewable sources. Romania's medium- and long-term strategy will be influenced by the European Green Pact, which has ambitious targets for the next period for reducing carbon emissions for each
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Абдурахманов, Артем Сергеевич, and Елена Валерьевна Жегалова. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENCY DERIVATIVES IN THE WORLD CURRENCY MARKET." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt198.2022.58.25.004.

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В статье рассматривается динамика и структура внебиржевого и биржевого рынка валютных деривативов. Приведена сравнительная характеристика их составляющих показателей. The article discusses the dynamics and structure of the over-the-counter and exchange market of currency derivatives. Comparative characteristics of their constituent indicators are given.
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Acet, Hakan, and Ayşe Özge Diken. "Crypto Currency Bitcoin and Bitcoin Market in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02345.

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Bitcoin, which emerged in 2008 and is now being used rapidly in various sectors, is a crypto currency. Bitcoin was revealed by Satoshi Nakamoto (who or who is not specific to the person or a group). An official or private regulator is exported independently of the institution and therefore has no guarantee. Bitcoin was first used in the market in 2009. Although more than one crypto currency has emerged, Bitcoin has maintained its leadership since its release. However, in the years ahead, another crypto currency, Ethereum, will also go ahead of Bitcoin. Although there are countries that are pro
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Kahky, Yara El. "DYNAMIC INTERRELATION BETWEEN STOCK MARKET INDEX, EXCHANGE RATE, T-BILLS AND POLICY RATE: THE CASE OF EGYPT 2010-2020." In BuPol London 2024–International Conference on Business, Economics & Policy, 20-21 February. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.194-195.

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A robust securities market is the engine of a country's economy. Undoubtedly, the stability and strength of a country's financial intermediaries and secondary market systems determine its overall economic growth. Since 2009, when the secondary market and Egypt’s EGX 30 stock index were established, the Egyptian economy has been on a trajectory of growth. However, Egypt's economy has been facing various economic and financial challenges in recent years because of political instability and social unrest, starting with the 2011 political revolution and the global external shocks such as the Coron
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SunilKumar, N., N. Siva Priyanka, S. Rajendra Reddy, V. Sailusha, and D. Saiteja. "Predicting Euro to Dollar Exchange Rates using Machine Learning." In First International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Computing Innovations (ICETCI-2025). MG Aricent Educational Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.32622/978-81-931579-0-9-158.

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In the fast-moving world of forex trading, accurately predicting currency trends can significantly impact investment decisions. The EUR/USD currency pair, one of the most actively traded pairs globally, experiences fluctuations driven by various market factors, including economic reports, geopolitical developments, and market sentiment. Traders, ranging from experienced professionals to individual investors, constantly seek strategies to gain a competitive advantage. This paper explores the practical use of machine learning to predict trends in the EUR/USD market. By leveraging historical mark
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Thilakshan, K., B. Arsecularatne, and Y. G. Sandanayake. "Impact of economic decisions on building construction material prices in Sri Lanka." In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.47.

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The economic crisis had a substantial impact on the Sri Lankan construction sector. The economic crisis was characterised by several economic problems, including currency devaluation, high inflation, and rising debt levels. Building construction materials prices have also increased drastically during the economic downturn period. These increases in the price of building materials were attributed to several economic factors including inflation rate increases, local currency devaluation and changes in government decisions and regulations, to name a few. Hence, the main aim of this research is to
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"TOWARD A NEW ECONOMY: DIGITAL CURRENCY AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT." In XII TRADITIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE NEW ECONOMY 2024. Oikos Institute – Research Center, Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61432/cpne0201047a.

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This research paper aims to examine the role of digital currencies in international development. Through a comprehensive analysis of current trends and future prospects, the paper evaluates the potential of digital currencies to revolutionize economic systems by offering technological, economical, and secure benefits. Methods used include analysis, synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction, and statistical analysis. Results indicate that while first and second-generation crypto assets do not fully meet modern economic requirements, the introduction of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) c
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Boros, Eszter, and Gabor Sztano. "The prospects of financial opening-up in china in light of the trilemma of international finance." In 38th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2024-0050.

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The growing use of the renminbi (RMB) in cross border financial transactions is attracting much attention, but the existence of capital controls in China is frequently pointed out as a major obstacle for the RMB to become a global currency. The Chinese monetary policy mix is a special case from the point of view of Mundell’s “impossible trinity”. Beijing follows a cautious strategy to balance between the pros and cons of certain policy combinations. The ambitious goal to internationalise the RMB has added to this complexity and would benefit from the quicker opening-up of the onshore financial
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Reports on the topic "World currency market"

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Mendoza, Enrique G. Why Should Emerging Economies Give Up National Currencies?: A Case for "Institutions Substitution". Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010952.

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Financial contagion and Sudden Stops of capital inflows experienced in emerging-markets crises may originate in an explosive mix of lack of policy credibility and world capital market imperfections that afflict emerging economies with national currencies. Hence, this paper argues that abandoning national currencies to adopt a hard currency can significantly reduce the emerging countries' vulnerability to these crises. The credibility of their financial policies would be greatly enhanced by the implicit subordination to the policymaking institutions of the hard currency issuer. Their access to
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Hassan, Tarek A., Jesse Schreger, Markus Schwedeler, and Ahmed Tahoun. Country Risk. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp157.

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We construct new measures of country risk and sentiment as perceived by global investors and executives using textual analysis of the quarterly earnings calls of publicly listed firms around the world. Our quarterly measures cover 45 countries from 2002-2020. We use our measures to provide a novel characterization of country risk and to provide a harmonized definition of crises. We demonstrate that elevated perceptions of a country's riskiness are associated with significant falls in local asset prices and capital outflows, even after global financial conditions are controlled for. Increases i
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Boyarchenko, Nina, and Leonardo Elias. Corporate Debt Structure over the Global Credit Cycle. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. https://doi.org/10.59576/sr.1139.

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We study the determinants of active debt management through issuance and refinancing decisions for firms around the world. We leverage instrument-level data to create a comprehensive picture of the maturity, currency, and security type composition of firms' debt for a large cross-section of countries. At the instrument level, we estimate a predictive model of prepayment as a function of interest costs savings and maturity lengthening motives. We document that there is substantial heterogeneity in prepayment across bonds and loans and across firms, depending on their reliance on bank lending. W
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Monge-González, Ricardo, Oswald Céspedes-Torres, and Juan Carlos Vargas-Aguilar. South-South Remittances: The Costa Rica Nicaragua Corridor. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009004.

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Migration, while certainly not new, is on the increase all over the world. Indeed, the United Nations estimates that from 1990 to 2000 alone, the number of people who left their countries of origin rose by 14 percent, from 154 million to 175 million. The phenomenon is not only growing, but is having an impact on the economies of sending countries and receiving countries alike. The effect is visible in the labor market, income distribution, poverty, economic growth, and such areas as gender, health, education and human rights. In particular, remittances (money that immigrants send to friends or
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Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, et al. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation a
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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, and Rolf J. Langhammer. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006623.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation a
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Rickels, Wilfried. Database and report on currently already existing or announced ocean NETs projects, including a world map of projects. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d1.8.

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Emissions trading systems (ETS) and markets usually do not allow for the inclusion of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities and if they do, removal activities are primarily restricted to afforestation. The New Zealand emission trading system (NZ ETS), for examples, integrates afforestation, and the California Low-Fuel Standard, the Quebec ETS and the Chinese ETS permit the restricted inclusion of afforestation offsets. Furthermore, the California Low-Carbon Fuel Standard System allows for the inclusion of removal via Direct Air Capture. In combination with the 45Q tax credit program, the lar
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Secretariat, Commonwealth. Capital Market Policies to Achieve the Paris Agreement. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2022. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.969.

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The world is not currently on course to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Carbon dioxide emissions are increasing, emissions targets in countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions are not ambitious enough, and oil and natural gas production are expected to increase given current policies. A lack of investment in the low-carbon economic transition partly explains this limited progress towards the Paris Agreement’s goals. Market imperfections explain this underinvestment in the low-carbon economic transition. Climate change is a tragedy of the horizons, as many of the costs of clim
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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Omar Licandro, et al. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 1st Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006621.

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Latin American and Caribbean countries are today at an important juncture in their international economic relations. Since the end of the 1980s the countries of the region have been pursuing a process of economic reform and opening that has brought about a radical change in their domestic economies and in their integration into the world economy. Besides having undertaken a unilateral liberalization of their trade and investment inflows, Latin American countries are in the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level and negotiating trade liberalization agreements at the
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Coyle, William, Mark Gehlhar, Thomas Hertel, Zhi Wang, and Wusheng Yu. Understanding the Determinants of structural Change in World Food Markets. GTAP Working Paper, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp02.

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This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support
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