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Journal articles on the topic 'World Health Organization (WHO)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Harris, Amy. "WHO: World Health Organization." Charleston Advisor 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.12.4.54.

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2

Mahbubani, Kishore. "The World Health Organization (WHO)." Global Public Health 7, no. 3 (March 2012): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.652972.

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3

Ishizuka, Mayumi. "20. World Health Organization (WHO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs044.

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Ishizuka, Mayumi. "20. World Health Organization (WHO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs139.

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Ishizuka, Mayumi. "20. World Health Organization (WHO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvt059.

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Ishizuka, Mayumi. "20. World Health Organization (WHO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 25, no. 1 (2014): 606–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvv054.

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Ishizuka, Mayumi. "20. World Health Organization (WHO)." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 27 (January 1, 2016): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvx073.

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8

Gunn, S. William A. "(D) World Health Organization (WHO)." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032878.

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Salvage, Jane. "Global Institutions – The World Health Organization (WHO)Global Institutions – The World Health Organization (WHO)." Nursing Standard 25, no. 35 (May 4, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.05.25.35.30.b1200.

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10

Rudnicka, Ewa, Paulina Napierała, Agnieszka Podfigurna, Błażej Męczekalski, Roman Smolarczyk, and Monika Grymowicz. "The World Health Organization (WHO) approach to healthy ageing." Maturitas 139 (September 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.018.

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Martin, John. "Global institutions: the World Health Organization (WHO)." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.060814.

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12

Tierney, Eamon, and Martin T. Corbally. "World Health Organization ( WHO ) Surgical Safety Checklist." Bahrain Medical Bulletin 35, no. 4 (December 2013): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0004440.

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13

Daugirdas, Kristina, and Gian Luca Burci. "Financing the World Health Organization." International Organizations Law Review 16, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 299–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01602005.

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When it comes to financing the work of international organizations, voluntary contributions from both state and non-state actors are growing in size and importance. The World Health Organization (WHO) is an extreme case: voluntary contributions – mostly earmarked for particular purposes – comprise more than 80 percent of its funds. Moreover, non-state actors supply almost half of WHO’s funds, with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ranking as the second-highest contributor after the United States. A number of public-health and international relations scholars have expressed alarm over these trends, arguing that heavy reliance on voluntary contributions is inconsistent with genuine multilateralism. Relying on interviews with current and former WHO officials, our study explores the causes and consequences of these trends, and recent efforts by member states and the WHO secretariat to reconcile growing reliance on voluntary contributions with multilateral governance. We describe the headway WHO has made in mitigating the risks associated with heavy reliance on voluntary contributions – as well as the challenges that persist. Most importantly, we argue that multilateralism is not categorically incompatible with reliance on voluntary contributions from both state and non-state actors. Collective multilateral decision-making is not a binary feature, either present or absent. Even if the final decision to provide voluntary contributions is up to individual donors, international institutions have opportunities to regulate such contributions both in terms of substance and process. The more heavily regulated voluntary contributions are, the more embedded they become in collective decisions, and the less tension there is between multilateralism and reliance on voluntary contributions.
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14

Salvage, Jane. "Global Institutions: The World Health Organization (WHO) Kelley Lee Global Institutions: The World Health Organization (WHO) Routledge £16.99 164pp 9780415370134 0415370132." Nursing Management 18, no. 5 (August 31, 2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nm.18.5.12.s2.

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15

Solomon, Steven A., and Claudia Nannini. "Participation in the World Health Organization." International Organizations Law Review 17, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01602003.

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Participation in the World Health Organization (WHO) is a multifaceted matter and should be understood as not only referring to the governance of WHO, but also to its scientific and technical work as well as its collaborative efforts towards advancing global public health more generally. The article is concerned, in particular, with the legal and political framework surrounding attendance and participation of states and various entities in the governing bodies of the Organization, at the global and regional level. It shows that participation in the governance of WHO is still today a domain reserved to the determination of its Member States. At the same time, solutions have been found and continued efforts are necessary to take into account geopolitical considerations and to ensure a meaningful and inclusive participation of all relevant actors in global health discussions.
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16

Samad, Rasmidar. "Basic survey method according to World Health Organization (WHO)." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v1i1.48.

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17

Burci, Gian Luca. "World Health Organization (WHO): Framework Convention on Tobacco Control." International Legal Materials 42, no. 3 (May 2003): 515–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900010202.

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18

Chen, Yen-Fu. "Taiwan and the World Health Assembly/World Health Organization: Perspectives from Health Services and Research." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 3, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-00301003.

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Despite being one of Asia’s major economies with a population of over 23 million, Taiwan has been mostly excluded from the World Health Assembly/World Health Organization (wha/who) since 1972, due to China’s objection. While this has not stopped Taiwan from developing a comprehensive healthcare system and being an active member of international health community, the lack of membership in the world’s leading health authority undermines global health and presents perverse, and yet often neglected, inequality faced by Taiwanese people. This article aims to provide contextual information concerning the impacts of Taiwan’s exclusion from wha/who by: (1) enumerating health-related areas where Taiwan has rich knowledge and experiences that would have been cascaded much more widely and efficiently to those in need around the world had it been allowed to participate; and (2) highlighting difficulties faced by Taiwanese people and potential threats to international health arising from the exclusion.
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19

Aguilar Castro, Nadia, and Eduardo Hernández Martínez. "World Health Organization Strategies to Reduce Smoking." Mexican Journal of Medical Research ICSA 7, no. 13 (January 5, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/mjmr.v7i13.3795.

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Today, tobacco is a serious public health problem considered a risk factor in chronic diseases and its complications. Tobacco habit is a risk factor completely modifiable, so it is important to quit this bad habit at all ages. Due to tobacco epidemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the Monitor, Protect, Offer, Warn, Enforce and Raise (MPOWER) Brochures and the importance of the use of social marketing as a tool of educational communication to transmit health information clearly, and promote healthy lifestyles, reinforce knowledge, attitudes or behaviors.
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20

Hoda, Syed A., and Rachel E. Kaplan. "World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Breast Tumours, 4th ed." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 37, no. 2 (February 2013): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pas.0b013e318273b19b.

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21

Waldman, R. "International Coordination—The Role of the World Health Organization (WHO)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, S2 (June 2005): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00014485.

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22

Vardiman, James W., Nancy Lee Harris, and Richard D. Brunning. "The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the myeloid neoplasms." Blood 100, no. 7 (October 1, 2002): 2292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-04-1199.

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A World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms has recently been published. This classification was developed through the collaborative efforts of the Society for Hematopathology, the European Association of Hematopathologists, and more than 100 clinical hematologists and scientists who are internationally recognized for their expertise in hematopoietic neoplasms. For the lymphoid neoplasms, this classification provides a refinement of the entities described in the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) Classification—a system that is now used worldwide. To date, however, there has been no published explanation or rationale given for the WHO classification of the myeloid neoplasms. The purpose of this communication is to outline briefly the WHO classification of malignant myeloid diseases, to draw attention to major differences between it and antecedent classification schemes, and to provide the rationale for those differences.
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23

Seelman, Katherine D. "The World Health Organization/World Bank’s First World Report on Disability." International Journal of Telerehabilitation 3, no. 2 (December 20, 2011): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2011.6076.

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In June, 2011 at the United Nations (UN) in New York City, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank launched the first World Report on Disability. This short overview of the Report provides information about its purpose, development and content, intended audiences, and outcomes. Special attention is directed to the sections of the Report which address telerehabilitation and information and communication technology.
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24

Lerner, Jack. "Intellectual Property and Development at WHO and WIPO." American Journal of Law & Medicine 34, no. 2-3 (June 2008): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880803400207.

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Recent activity at major intergovernmental organizations reflects a renewed emphasis on making the international intellectual property system work to foster global health in developing countries. The World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) recently approved a historic “Development Agenda” – a wide-ranging set of reforms that reorients WIPO towards development and reconfigures how the organization makes policy, provides technical assistance, and is administered. Such an initiative may seem natural for the only inter-governmental organization (IGO) that is focused primarily on intellectual property, but such reforms are not restricted to WIPO. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) has launched its own development agenda of sorts – an Intergovernmental Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (“IGWG”) that is tasked with preparing “a global strategy and plan of action” aimed at “securing an enhanced and sustainable basis for needs-driven, essential health research and development relevant to diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries, proposing clear objectives and priorities for research and development, and estimating funding needs in this area.”
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25

Gunn, S. William A. "Actions of the World Health Organizations (WHO) and the United Nations (UN) in Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00044848.

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In essence, the United Nations Organization was born out of disaster to avert disaster. Be they the work of nature or of man, catastrophic emergencies are not rare occurrences and all studies indicate that they are increasing in frequency and severity.Within the international community, the UN and its component organizations is only one of the three principal partners in disaster relief. The other are the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) – including the Voluntary Agencies (VOLAGS) – and the bilateral donor countries. Collaboration among these sectors is vital if international action is to be effective.This article deals with the UN System only, and in particular with the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in disaster relief and preparedness.
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26

Rosseau, Gail, Walter D. Johnson, Kee B. Park, Miguel Arráez Sánchez, Franco Servadei, and Kerry A. Vaughan. "Global neurosurgery: current and potential impact of neurosurgeons at the World Health Organization and the World Health Assembly. Executive summary of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies–World Health Organization Liaison Committee at the 71st World Health Assembly." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 4 (October 2018): E18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.focus18295.

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Since the creation of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948, the annual World Health Assembly (WHA) has been the major forum for discussion, debate, and approval of the global health agenda. As such, it informs the framework for the policies and budgets of many of its Member States. For most of its history, a significant portion of the attention of health ministers and Member States has been given to issues of clean water, vaccination, and communicable diseases. For neurosurgeons, the adoption of WHA Resolution 68.15 changed the global health landscape because the importance of surgical care for universal health coverage was highlighted in the document. This resolution was adopted in 2015, shortly after the publication of The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery Report titled “Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare and economic development.” Mandating global strengthening of emergency and essential surgical care and anesthesia, this resolution has led to the formation of surgical and anesthesia collaborations that center on WHO and can be facilitated via the WHA. Participation by neurosurgeons has grown dramatically, in part due to the official relations between WHO and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, with the result that global neurosurgery is gaining momentum.
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CEBOTARI, Svetlana, and Victoria BEVZIUC. "WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - SCENE OF AMERICAN-CHINESE CONFRONTATIONS." Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem 1(14)/2020, no. 1(14)/2020 (2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33674/320196.

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The activity of the World Health Organization is now becoming a topic in disputes between the big power centres – the USA and China. The role of the WHO is also becoming a research topic not only for researchers in medical sciences, but also for political specialists in international relations. With the COVID-19 crisis, the WHO is becoming a scene of the major challenges – the USA and China. This Article aims to highlight the USA and China relations with reference to the work of the WHO, including the effectiveness of the organization with a global pandemic such as that of the COVID-19.
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28

Bertagnolio, Silvia, Inge Derdelinckx, Monica Parker, Joseph Fitzgibbon, Herve Fleury, Martin Peeters, Rob Schuurman, et al. "World Health Organization/HIVResNet Drug Resistance Laboratory Strategy." Antiviral Therapy 13, no. 2_suppl (February 2008): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350801302s05.

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With rapidly increasing access to antiretroviral drugs globally, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has become a significant public health issue. This requires a coordinated and collaborative response from country level to international level to assess the extent of HIVDR and the establishment of efficient and evidence-based strategies to minimize its appearance and onward transmission. In parallel with the rollout of universal access to HIV treatment, countries are developing protocols based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) to measure, at a population level, both transmitted HIVDR and HIVDR emerging during treatment. The WHO in collaboration with international experts (HIVResNet Laboratory Working Group), has developed a laboratory strategy, which has the overall goal of delivering quality-assured HIV genotypic results on specimens derived from the HIVDR surveys. The results will be used to help control the emergence and spread of drug resistance and to guide decision makers on antiretroviral therapy policy at national, regional and global level. The HIVDR Laboratory Strategy developed by the WHO includes several key aspects: the formation of a global network of national, regional and specialized laboratories accredited to perform HIVDR testing using a common set of WHO standard and performance indicators; recommendations of acceptable methods for collection, handling, shipment and storage of specimens in field conditions; and the provision of laboratory technical support, capacity building and quality assurance for network laboratories. The WHO/HIVResNet HIVDR Laboratory Network has been developed along the lines of other successful laboratory networks coordinated by the WHO. As of August 2007, assessment for accreditation has been conducted in 30 laboratories, covering the WHO‘s African, South-East Asia, Western Pacific, and the Caribbean Regions.
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Koch, Sabine, William R. Hersh, Riccardo Bellazzi, Tze Yun Leong, Moctar Yedaly, and Najeeb Al-Shorbaji. "Digital Health during COVID-19: Informatics Dialogue with the World Health Organization." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 30, no. 01 (April 21, 2021): 013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726480.

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Background: On December 16, 2020 representatives of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), a Non-Governmental Organization in official relations with the World Health Organization (WHO), along with its International Academy for Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI), held an open dialogue with WHO Director General (WHO DG) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus about the opportunities and challenges of digital health during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to report the outcomes of the dialogue and discussions with more than 200 participants representing different civil society organizations (CSOs). Methods: The dialogue was held in form of a webinar. After an initial address of the WHO DG, short presentations by the panelists, and live discussions between panelists, the WHO DG and WHO representatives took place. The audience was able to post questions in written. These written discussions were saved with participants’ consent and summarized in this paper. Results: The main themes that were brought up by the audience for discussion were: (a) opportunities and challenges in general; (b) ethics and artificial intelligence; (c) digital divide; (d) education. Proposed actions included the development of a roadmap based on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Decision making by policy makers needs to be evidence-based and health informatics research should be used to support decisions surrounding digital health, and we further propose next steps in the collaboration between IMIA and WHO such as future engagement in the World Health Assembly.
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30

Moreillon, Jacques. "Young people's perceptions of health and health care—World Health Organization (WHO) special session." Journal of Adolescent Health 13, no. 5 (July 1992): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1054-139x(92)90045-d.

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31

John, Oommen, Norm R. C. Campbell, Tammy M. Brady, Margret Farrell, Cherian Varghese, Adriana Velazquez Berumen, Laura A. Velez Ruiz Gaitan, et al. "The 2020 “WHO Technical Specifications for Automated Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measuring Devices With Cuff”." Hypertension 77, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16625.

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High systolic blood pressure (BP) is the single leading modifiable risk factor for death worldwide. Accurate BP measurement is the cornerstone for screening, diagnosis, and management of hypertension. Inaccurate BP measurement is a leading patient safety challenge. A recent World Health Organization report has outlined the technical specifications for automated noninvasive clinical BP measurement with cuff. The report is applicable to ambulatory, home, and office devices used for clinical purposes. The report recommends that for routine clinical purposes, (1) automated devices be used, (2) an upper arm cuff be used, and (3) that only automated devices that have passed accepted international accuracy standards (eg, the International Organization for Standardization 81060-2; 2018 protocol) be used. Accurate measurement also depends on standardized patient preparation and measurement technique and a quiet, comfortable setting. The World Health Organization report provides steps for governments, manufacturers, health care providers, and their organizations that need to be taken to implement the report recommendations and to ensure accurate BP measurement for clinical purposes. Although, health and scientific organizations have had similar recommendations for many years, the World Health Organization as the leading governmental health organization globally provides a potentially synergistic nongovernment government opportunity to enhance the accuracy of clinical BP assessment.
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32

Tapsall, John. "Recent World Health Organization initiatives for antimicrobial resistance control." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 4 (2007): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07154.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) overseeing of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) containment issues in the last decade has varied in intensity. From 1999 onwards, concerted focus from the WHO led to the development of a multi-disciplinary framework for AMR containment at a country level. However, implementation of the WHO Global Strategy for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance (the Global Strategy) was overtaken first by events in the USA in 2001 and later by related and other bio-security issues. By 2003, loss of funding and a restructured WHO saw AMR initiatives curtailed. Interest in AMR at the WHO has been recently rekindled and it is hoped that renewed attention will again be focused on this issue by the WHO and its member states.
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33

Amri, Michelle M., Arjumand Siddiqi, Patricia O’Campo, Theresa Enright, and Erica Di Ruggiero. "Underlying Equity Discourses of the World Health Organization." Social Science Protocols 3 (June 21, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2020.2812.

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Background: Globally, increasing attention has been paid to the concept of equity in the context of health, largely stemming from the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) beginning in the late 1970s with the Declaration of Alma-Ata (WHO, 1978) and more recently following the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (CSDH, 2008) and their final report in 2008. Despite increasing attention to this issue, there is global ambiguity on the true definition of “health inequity”, “health inequalities”, or “health disparities” (Braveman, 2006, p. 167; Braveman & Gruskin, 2003). Methods/Design: This original scoping review clarifies how the WHO conceptualizes equity. It also identifies the theoretical underpinnings guiding the WHO’s approach to equity and its broader implications. This protocol followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) (Tricco et al., 2018), with details discussed in the full protocol. Discussion: To date, much of the research on health equity globally has been restricted to chronological discussions over time or specific research fields (Borde & Hernández, 2018, p. 3). Therefore, researching the WHO’s approach to equity in terms of alignment with theory and broader normative standpoint(s) becomes increasingly important in addressing a gap in the literature. In addition, because the definition of equity in the context of health has practical implications for its operationalization (Guerra, Borde, & Salgado De Snyder, 2016), this work seeks to clarify in the concept of equity used by the WHO in hopes of moving towards a shared understanding to bridge action [e.g. in measurement and accountability (Braveman & Gruskin, 2003)].
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Kawi, M. Zuheir Al. "Hypertension Control - Report of a WHO Expert Committee: World Health Organization." Annals of Saudi Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1997): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1997.129a.

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35

Nashuhah, Nur. "Aspek Biopolitik Dalam Sekuritisasi COVID-19 Oleh WHO (World Health Organization)." Jurnal Ilmu Politik dan Komunikasi 11, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 90–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/jipsi.v11i2.5244.

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Artikel ini secara kritis terlibat dengan upaya baru-baru ini untuk membingkai pandemi global COVID-19 sebagai masalah keamanan internasional. Sekuritisasi COVID-19 itu penting, menurut artikel itu, bukan hanya karena itu adalah cara baru untuk mengkonseptualisasikan pandemi COVID-19 global, tetapi juga karena menandai situs kontemporer yang penting untuk penyebaran global ekonomi biopolitik kekuasaan yang berputar. seputar pemerintahan 'kehidupan'. Dimensi biopolitik pada sekuritisasi COVID-19 oleh WHO (World Health Organization ini memainkan serangkaian praktik sosial yang berpotensi memunculkan normalisasi atau new normal yang menurut artikel tersebut, harus dihindari oleh aktor politik internasional dalam upaya mereka untuk menemukan tanggapan yang tepat dan efektif terhadap pandemi global COVID- 19 pandemi. Cara meminimalkan bahaya ini dieksplorasi dalam kesimpulan artikel ini. Kata kunci: Covid-19, biopolitik, biopower, Foucault, normalization securitization, security
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36

Chiodini, Jane. "ZIKA App – A great resource from the World Health Organization (WHO)." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 14, no. 5 (September 2016): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.09.010.

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37

Montes, SP, F. Otaiza, M. Watson, S. Eremin, S. Hill, and CL Pessoa-Silva. "Appraisal of World Health Organization (WHO) infection prevention and control guidelines." BMC Proceedings 5, Suppl 6 (2011): P281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p281.

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38

Moran, Cesar A., and Saul Suster. "The World Health Organization (WHO) Histologic Classification of Thymomas: A Reanalysis." Current Treatment Options in Oncology 9, no. 4-6 (December 2008): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11864-009-0084-6.

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39

Batolu, Dhea Febrian, and Muhammad Rayhan Bustam. "ANALISIS VISUAL DAN VERBAL PADA UNGGAHAN INSTAGRAM WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)." MAHADAYA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/mhd.v2i1.5444.

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Komunikasi merupakan salah satu sarana dalam menyampaikan informasi. di era modern ini, komunikasi dapat dilakukan menggunakan media sosial. Salah satu media sosial yang memiliki banyak pengguna yaitu Instagram. Instagram memberikan layanan untuk saling berbagi foto dan video. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan multimodalitas, penelitian ini akan menganalisis visual dan verbal menggunakan metafungsi ideational dan interpersonal pada unggahan di akun Instagram resmi WHO (World Health Organization). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah adanya perbedaan proses yang terjadi pada klausa di kedua data. dan adanya kesamaan pada analisis visualnya. Meskipun kedua klausa memiliki perbedaan tetapi dapat memberikan informasi yang saling berkaitan. Sehingga hasil dari analisi kedua data tersebut yaitu informasi dapat tersampaikan dengan menggunakan dua mode, visual dan verbal. Kata kunci: Instagram, Multimodalitas, Sosial media
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40

Salvage, Jane. "Global institutions – The World Health Organization (WHO) Kelley Lee Global institutions – The World Health Organization (WHO) Routledge 164pp £16.99 978 0 415 37013 4 978 0415370134." Nursing Standard 25, no. 35 (May 4, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.25.35.30.s33.

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41

Winiger, Fabian, and Simon Peng-Keller. "Religion and the World Health Organization: an evolving relationship." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e004073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004073.

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Much has been written about WHO. Relatively little is known, however, about the organisation’s evolving relationship with health-related personal beliefs, ‘faith-based organisations’ (FBOs), religious leaders and religious communities (‘religious actors’). This article presents findings from a 4-year research project on the ‘spiritual dimension’ of health and WHO conducted at the University of Zürich. Drawing on archival research in Geneva and interviews with current and former WHO staff, consultants and programme partners, we identify three stages in this relationship. Although since its founding individuals within WHO occasionally engaged with religious actors, it was not until the 1970s, when the primary healthcare strategy was developed in consultation with the Christian Medical Commission, that their concerns began to influence WHO policies. By the early 1990s, the failure to roll out primary healthcare globally was accompanied by a loss of interest in religion within WHO. With the spread of HIV/AIDS however, health-related religious beliefs were increasingly recognised in the development of a major quality of life instrument by the Division of Mental Health, and the work of a WHO expert committee on cancer pain relief and the subsequent establishment of palliative care. While the 1990s saw a cooling off of activities, in the years since, the HIV/AIDS, Ebola and COVID-19 crises have periodically brought religious actors to the attention of the organisation. This study focusses on what we suggest may be understood as a trend towards a closer association between the activities of WHO and religious actors, which has occurred in fits and starts and is marked by attempts at institutional translation and periods of forgetting and remembering.
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42

LaDou, Joseph. "A World of False Promises: International Labour Organization, World Health Organization, and the Plea of Workers Under Neoliberalism." International Journal of Health Services 50, no. 3 (April 10, 2020): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420917912.

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Occupational health and safety is poorly served by United Nations agencies designated to protect workers: the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labor Organization (ILO). The neoliberal programs initially adopted by the United Nations supported institutions of social protection and regulation and expanded worker protections and union growth. Neoliberalism later became synonymous with globalism and shared in its international success. The fundamental change under neoliberalism was the exchange and accumulation of capital. The major beneficiaries of neoliberalism, at the expense of workers, were large transnational corporations and wealthy investors. During this period, WHO and ILO activities in support of workers declined. As neoliberalism ultimately became neoconservatism, occupational health and safety was purposely ignored, and labor was treated with hostility. Neoliberalism had evolved into a harsh economic system detrimental to labor and labor rights. The United Nations is now in decline, taking with it the trivial WHO and ILO programs. Replacements for the WHO and ILO programs must be developed. It is not enough to call for renewed funding, given the United Nations’ failure to direct the global effort to protect workers. A new direction must be found.
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43

Schmitt, Fernando C., Lukas Bubendorf, Sule Canberk, Ashish Chandra, Ian A. Cree, Marianne Engels, Kenzo Hiroshima, et al. "The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology." Acta Cytologica 67, no. 1 (December 12, 2022): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000527580.

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The International Academy of Cytology has joined with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to bring together a group of experts in lung cytopathology to develop a WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology (WHO System). This WHO System defines five categories for reporting lung cytopathology, that is, “Insufficient”/“Inadequate”/“Non-diagnostic,” “Benign,” “Atypical,” “Suspicious for malignancy,” and “Malignant,” each with a clear descriptive term for the category, a definition, a risk of malignancy and a suggested management algorithm. The key diagnostic cytopathology features of each of the lesions within each category have been established by consensus and will be presented more fully in a subsequent IARC e-book and published hard cover book.The WHO System provides the best practice application of ancillary testing, including immunocytochemistry and molecular pathology, and provides a review to guide sampling and processing techniques to optimize the handling and preparation of the cytopathology sample emphasizing the cytomorphological differential diagnosis to aid low-resourced settings. The authors recognize that local medical and pathology resources will vary, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and have developed the WHO System to make it applicable worldwide based on cytomorphology with options for further diagnostic management of the patient.The online WHO System provides a direct link to the WHO Tumour Classification for Thoracic Tumours 5th Edition. It will raise the profile and use of cytopathology by increasing awareness of its current role and its potential role in the era of personalized medicine based on molecular pathology utilizing “small biopsies.” Ultimately, the System will improve patient care and outcomes.This System aims to improve and standardize the reporting of cytopathology, facilitate communication between cytopathologists and clinicians and improve patient care. The System is based on the current role of lung cytopathology and synthesizes the existing evidence while highlighting areas requiring further research and the future potential role of lung cytopathology.
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44

Blešić, Jovana. "The world health organization: The (un)attainable ideal?" Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 60, no. 91 (2021): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-33746.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) is one of the UN specialized agencies. Its work and functions gained even more importance in 2020 with the emergence of the corona virus. The eyes of the entire international community focused on this organization and its Director General. Nowadays, its efficiency has been subject to various forms of criticism. In this paper, the author first provides a brief overview of this organization and its significance. The central part of the paper focuses on the activities of the WHO during the Covid-19 pandemic, through the clarification of the concept of public health emergency of international concern and the use of International Health Regulations. Finally, the author discusses the possible reform of this body. The aim of this paper is to familiarize the readers with the World Health Organization and put its activities in the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
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45

Burci, Gian Luca, and Egle Granziera. "Privileges and Immunities of the World Health Organization." International Organizations Law Review 10, no. 2 (June 20, 2014): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01002007.

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This paper presents a brief overview of the World Health Organization’s experience with privileges and immunities, focusing on the sources of its privileges and immunities and the challenges encountered in asserting them and securing their respect. This overview will demonstrate how complex and sometimes elusive the legal protection afforded to the WHO can be. Although the rationale for the WHO’s privileges and immunities is constitutionally founded on the notion of functional necessity,1 the scope and limits of its functions can be blurred or shifting. While the WHO has not faced the dramatic challenges to or denials of its privileges and immunities that other organizations have encountered, the trend of progressive erosion of legal protection in the name of accountability, democratic control by national courts, the protection of human rights and shifting perceptions of the ‘added value’ of international organizations may eventually require a conscious and strategic revision by the international community of the model of international cooperation represented by international organizations.
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46

Lakin, Alison. "The Legal Powers of the World Health Organization." Medical Law International 3, no. 1 (September 1997): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096853329700300102.

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Instigated in response to the United Nation's ‘global change’ policy, the World Health Organisation is currently under-going major internal reform. There are indications that serious consideration is being given to the role that the rule of law should play within the international health field and how this should impact upon the WHO. Such developments are crucial if the WHO is to continue to playa leading role as advocate for health within the existing international framework. This article begins by examining the available legal powers as provided in its constitution and considers the limited impact that these powers have had to-date within the Organisation. The recent investigation of a framework treaty system based on the ‘convention-protocol’ approach is an exciting but problematic development, although a more systematic and comprehensive approach to normative issues would certainly be appropriate. This would be an ideal opportunity to initiate a comprehensive legal approach around normative issues using the WHO's constitutive legal powers based on the right to health and under the auspices of a ‘Health Academy’.
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47

Taylor, Allyn Lise. "Making the World Health Organization Work: A Legal Framework for Universal Access to the Conditions for Health." American Journal of Law & Medicine 18, no. 4 (1992): 301–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007322.

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Improving global health conditions has been one of the most important and difficult challenges for the world community. Despite concerted efforts by international organizations, like the World Health Organization, great disparities in health conditions remain between developed and developing countries, as well as within those countries. The World Health Organization has achieved some successes through its Health for All strategy; however, it can and should encourage member nations to enact national and international laws to protect and promote the health status of their populations. A comparison to the lawmaking efforts in other areas by international organizations indicates that WHO may have the authority and the means to institutionalize efforts to improve global health conditions.
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48

Malichenko, Vladislav Sergeevich. "The role of the World Health Organization in the global health governance." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 1 (January 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2022.1.38082.

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The object of the study is public relations arising from the interaction of international intergovernmental organizations, states, and non-governmental organizations in the framework of ensuring the human right to the highest attainable level of health and forming the concept of "global health governance". The subject of the study are international legal norms, as well as acts of “soft law” that determine interaction between the WHO and other international actors in the field of healthcare regulation. The aim of the research is to analyze the main peculiarities of "global health governance" concept in frame of international law in order to determine the main directions for improving the activities of the WHO at the present stage. The article was prepared using general scientific methods of cognition, including formal logical and situational, and private law methods, such as comparative legal, historical legal and formal legal. The novelty of the article lies in the conceptual understanding of the content of the concept of "global health governance" in the system of international health law. The article discusses the historical stages in the development of international cooperation in the field of health care in order to determine the main trends in inter-institutional cooperation for the further development of international health regulation. The author summarizes the main problems in the implementation of the statutory powers of the WHO, including the features of the development and application of regulatory legal acts of a binding nature, as well as acts of "soft law" in the activities of the Organization. The author substantiates recommendations for improving the activities of the WHO to ensure the effective implementation of the concept of "global health governance".
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Siddiqui, Mariya, Juveriya Siddiqui, and Dr Irfana Jilani. "How Effective is WHO as a Global Organization?" South Asian Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (May 24, 2022): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjhss.2022.v04i03.005.

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Analysis of the effectiveness and international impact and influence of the World Health Organization, the leading global healthcare system, with a focus on key aspects. These are: structure and composition, including reforms and historical insight, the role of WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic, the essential aspect of funding and contribution from member states, as well as the future of WHO and its effectiveness in its aims and strategies. The World Health Organization has many criticisms and strengths, which are weighed up in accordance to each aspect and overall judged to achieve a conclusive outcome and measurement of the effectiveness of WHO as a global organization.
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Chowdhury, Abhijit, Jannatul Ferdoush, and Sushmita Choudhury. "World Health Organization, Should Wesee It in a New Light?" Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 27, no. 2 (February 25, 2017): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcmcta.v27i2.62318.

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World Health Organization (WHO) the mother organisation of all global health initiativesis actively involved in conceiving effective strategies to fight different Communicable and Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide. WHO has the goal to serve poorer nation effectively so that they can have fair access to various vaccines and drugs.The organisation is also ensuring sustainable financing for the global health sector. However, to deliver the effective health initiatives all across the continents, WHO should reason more efficiently with the regional offices so that it can collaborate in decision making and implement those decisions more precisely and decisively. WHO should act in coordination with other private, country-based and global organisations. It should advocate for research independent of any industrial interest, human rights policies and improvement of health services. WHO needs to modify its global endeavours which will intensify international responses in combating any emergency.To hold on to its current leadership role, if necessary, WHO should undergo significant reformation. Until present days, there is no substitute for WHO. WHO should realise that without empowering the marginalised people no global health goal can be achieved adequately. JCMCTA 2016 ; 27 (2) : 4 - 8
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