Academic literature on the topic 'World Heritage City'

This article contains the discussion on Semarang community based management to endorse the development of the Site of Semarang Old City which has been already proposed to UNESCO to obtain the world heritage status. One of the UNESCO requirements for obtaining the world heritage status is community involvement in conservation and developing the cultural heritage, so this study is focusing on the involvement of the Old City communities in the developing of Semarang Old City cultural heritages toward the world heritage status. The communities involved are namely: AMBO (Asosiasi Masyarakat Bangun Oudestad), Oen Semarang Foundation, Monod Diephuis, dan KPS (Komunitas Pegiat Sejarah). The result of this research shows that these communities have the great involvements in developing Semarang Old City to welcome its status as a world heritage.

A arqueologia é conhecida como ferramenta de desenvolvimento econômico assim como meio de engajamento social. O nível municipal está sendo, cada vez mais, visto como o meio privilegiado para a proteção do patrimônio cultural arqueológico e a participação cidadã. Enquanto sitio do patrimônio mundial da UNESCO, a cidade de Quebec desenvolveu uma abordagem conectando governança e participação publica, assim como legislação e prática. O programa arqueológico da cidade de Quebec conta entre os mais antigos no Canadá e ilustra as evoluções na governança e na prática arqueológicas desde os últimos cinquenta anos. Os arqueólogos da cidade de Quebec trabalham atualmente em preparar um plano diretor arqueológico no contexto da atualização da legislação do patrimônio na província canadense de Quebec. Este plano será acompanhado por politicas e programas pensados para favorecer o interesse público bem como promover a participação da população nesse processo de gestão e valorização desse patrimônio.

The tourism sector is experiencing a remarkable constant progress and becoming one of the fastest growing economic sectors globally. In this context, it is interest for the academics and destination marketing organizations to undertake a dedicated study that gives a greater understanding of the concept of satisfaction in enhancing tourists’ loyalty. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of service quality as one of the key antecedents affecting tourists’ satisfaction and loyalty towards selected destinations of the World Heritage Site in Malaysia. To confine the scope of the study, the area of interest focuses on a specific type of city, namely the Heritage City. The historical cities of Melaka and George Town inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage City in Malaysia are chosen in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the tourists’ attitudes towards heritage city. The sample consists of 450 international and domestic tourists who visited the heritage city. Theoretically, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by emphasizing on key antecedents affecting tourists’ behaviour. Practically, the research findings imply suggestive value to destination marketing planning for Malaysian tourist destinations. At the conclusion, the study makes suggestion of the employment of HISTOQUAL model, which provides a detailed and valuable insight into the service quality assessment of the heritage settings.

Subject area Public management, sustainability. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for undergraduate and masters' courses. Case overview The case is about the dilemma between the lucrative economic profit from swiftlet farming and the invaluable heritage and social wellbeing of the residents in a world heritage city. In 2011, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) issued a letter to the Malaysian government expressing concern over the issue of the swiftlet industry in Georgetown, Penang. Swiftlet farming is a lucrative agriculture sector in Malaysia and is considered one of the key projects under the Malaysian Economic Transformation Program. Yet, this industry posed a threat to the well being of George Town due to its impact towards the city's heritage status. The operation of swiftlet farms in shop houses in George Town not only forces residents to coexist with thousands of swiftlets in the populated city, but also deteriorates the condition of its heritage buildings. A quick solution by the government authorities is needed in order to respond to UNESCO's enquiries. A fair consideration looking at the aspects of economy, environment and society is vital in ensuring the future of the city. Expected learning outcomes These include: understanding the complex issues of trade-offs between economic profit vis-à-vis the environmental social heritage; understanding and appreciating the conflicting governmental objectives and the way to address the conflicting demands of the stakeholders (NGOs, industry and business association and the general public); identifying and determining ways to align environmental interests with economic interests in order to formulate sustainable solutions; and formulating an action plan and providing practical recommendations to solve the problem. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

The aim of this research is to study visitor loyalty at a destination with heritage sites and to use the results to improve the competitiveness of the destination. This study used the SPSS AMOS software with a model of structural equations to evaluate the proposed hypotheses. A questionnaire was given to a sample of 428 tourists who visited the heritage sites in Córdoba. The management of any World Heritage City needs to know about the visitors’ experience at the destination, which includes their expectations for the trip, expected quality of the destination, satisfaction with the destination, and how these affect visitor loyalty to the city, because it is important to get the visitor to recommend, and return to, the destination. In the case of Córdoba, the research has proven that visitor loyalty depends on visitor satisfaction with the destination, which depends on the perceived quality and value of the visit. In addition, the following areas for improvement have been identified: improvement of the information about the destination, improvement of waiting times and the professionalization of specialized tour guides at heritage sites. Therefore, the findings are important for city managers in order to be able to take actions which increase the loyalty to, and competitiveness of, the city compared to other similar destinations with heritage sites.

This thesis deals with the issues concerning the World Heritage industry. One of the major topics is the international documents that the organisation of UNSECO and their predecessors have been referring to since 1931 in the Athens Charter. The documents are described along with terms like place identity, place branding, historicism, and place construction and analysed in a case study. The case study is the World Heritage site of Mantua in the east part of Lombardy, Italy. Within the frames of these terms and documents the historical route ‘The Prince’s path’ is analysed trough the perspective of uninformed visitors. In the case study the information given in the urban space will be presented along with the changes that have been made in the past century. This presentation intend to relate to the criticality's that the Outstanding Universal Value may cause in terms of how the site may be affected to effects linked to the heritage brand like cultural tourism and knowledge of the specific site. Questions like what kind of information the spectator is given in the urban room are analysed and answered with help of the available information for tourists. One of the problems in this sense is the chosen selection of information that is given, could this selection in any sense be connectable with the World Heritage nomination and is there a conscious mediated image coherent throughout the sources of information?

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 480-497).
The unique architecture of Sana'a, Yemen has been the focus of international conservation efforts, which have stimulated local interest and contributed to the formation of a local discourse. Because conservation followed so quickly on the heels of modernization, Sana'a provides an opportunity to study the interplay of these two global ideologies in the context of a strong local tradition of building. The "international" theory and practice of conservation developed in a specific cultural and intellectual context, that of modern Europe: it is based on the idea of an historic past that is radically different from the modern present. The artifacts of this past are frozen in time, relics of a past that has now been superseded. But the increasing museification of the built environment is untenable, and also incompatible with current notions of sustainability. Conservation in Sana'a and other cities in Yemen is unusual because the "historic past" is not so far in the past; in many cases, it is still part of the present. This provides not only an interesting case study, but an opportunity to reassess certain assumptions of international practice that are based on the idea of rupture between past and present, for example, the notions of historical value and authenticity.
(cont.) In contrast to other studies of conservation, this dissertation does not focus on heritage as a project imposed by international agencies or by the state bureaucracy. Rather, it treats heritage as a discourse that is shaped on the ground by various actors, many of whom see themselves as representing the historic past. A unique approach has developed in Sana'a at the intersection of international and local practice, and it is this intersection that is the subject of the present work. The first chapter establishes the wider context of the project "site": it discusses the development of conservation theory and practice in Europe, with special attention to the idea of the historic city. Chapters two and three provide historical background on the development of the city of Sana'a and the UNESCO international safeguarding campaign of the 1980's. Chapters four and five take an ethnographic approach: they look at ways in which international practice has been understood and applied in the local context, by architects, builders, and residents. Chapter six traces the evolution of local discourse and practice through a series of projects, conducted with foreign assistance and by local organizations. The concluding chapter discusses the synthesis of international and local ideas and practices in Sana'a, and proposes policy directions based on this synthesis.
by Michele Lamprakos.
Ph.D.

How can contemporary architecture approach an extremely specific and historical context?Grounded in the site and its history, this question is investigated through theprocess of adding a literary theatre and housing in the city centre of Visby, Gotland.

The objectives of this study are to critically map and analyse past and current  discussions, negotiations and social processes that take place and relate to conditions created by living in- or monitoring the World Heritage City Angra do Heroísmo in the Azores, Portugal. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews with the stakeholders in the city, the purpose has been to study how, and with what result and consequences, contested values, interests, rhetoric and powers are mobilized and made into dynamic forces for these stakeholders. Hence, this thesis gives a chronological presentation of selected issues and discussions, which have been taking place in the city from 1980 to 2012. The first subjects attended to are the 1980 earthquake and the nomination process which led to the inscription of Angra to the World Heritage List in 1983. However, some of the core objectives relate to the implications of living in a World Heritage City, given the preservation provisions which follow such a classified area. The aim has further been to assess the point of departure for the official monitors and their views on monitoring a vibrant historical area. The discussions analysed relate to the predicaments occurring when modern development is set up against preservation. However, the analyses show how policies and preservation ideals change, as well as how powers and authorities are challenged and affected by forces within and outside the “authorized heritage discourse”. Finally, this study has assessed the notions of pride, local attachment and identity among the inhabitants in Angra. The World Heritage Status can trigger a double sense of feelings; on the one side it holds emotions related to pride and recognition, on the other it represents obstacles for living- and developing the city in accordance with the present needs. World Heritage and tourism are closely linked, and this investigation explores how the stakeholders in Angra relate to the possibilities and threats which tourism holds. Angra represents a site where there is a limited influx of tourist, and we can see how most stakeholders speak for a quality-based tourism. In this respect, one could say there is a prevailing consensus among the stakeholders. Finally, this study has assessed the notions of pride, local attachment and identity among the inhabitants in Angra. These sensations are related to the historical cityscape, an environment which also frames personal experiences and processes. The World Heritage Status can trigger a double sense of feelings; on the one side it holds emotions related to pride and recognition, on the other it represents obstacles for living- and developing the city in accordance with the present needs. Angra do Heroísmo is studied for its particularities, yet comparisons made with other studies reveal that the matters and aspects addressed in this thesis can be universal rather than particular.
Avhandlingen er en kritisk kartlegging og analyse av tidligere og pågående diskusjoner, forhandlinger og sosiale prosesser som er relatert til det å leve i og forvalte verdensarvbyen Angra do Heroísmo på Asorene i Portugal. Basert på etnografisk feltarbeid og kvalitative intervjuer med for eksempel innbyggere, kulturminneforvaltningen, politikere og utviklere har formålet vært å forstå hvordan, og med hvilke konsekvenser, ulike verdier, retorikker, interesser og ressurser er mobilisert og gjort til drivende krefter for disse stakeholderne. Avhandlingen gir en kronologisk fremstilling av utvalgte tematikker og diskusjoner fra 1980 og frem til 2012, hvor de første temaene er knyttet til jordskjelvet som rammet byen i 1980, og den påfølgende nominasjonsprosessen til verdensarvlisten som ga Angra do Heroísmo verdensarvstatus i 1983. Et hovedanliggende for denne avhandlingen er problemstillinger knyttet til det å leve i en verdensarvby, med de restriksjoner som følger et klassifisert område. Videre har målet vært å studere myndighetenes- og kulturminnevernets ståsted og deres bevaringspolitikk. I skjæringspunktet mellom hensynet til bevaring og behovet for utvikling oppstår diskusjoner og forhandlinger, og avhandlingen analyserer utvalgte diskusjoner som hovedsakelig er knyttet til utbyggingsprosjekter. Studien viser imidlertid hvordan bevaringsidealer- og politikk endres, og likeledes hvordan myndigheter og autoriteter utfordres av krefter innenfor og utenfor ‘the authorized heritage discourse’. Avslutningsvis gir avhandlingen en analyse av hvilken betydning verdensarvstatusen har for innbyggerne, noe som berører temaene identitet, stolthet og lokal tilknytning. Verdensarven har således en dobbeltsidig størrelse, som på den ene siden trigger følelser som stolthet og annerkjennelse, mens på den andre siden representerer begrensninger og diskusjoner.

Adentrando o debate sobre a produção do espaço urbano da cidade contemporânea, esta pesquisa analisa em que medida os processos de patrimonialização mundial regidos pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) e seus desdobramentos são conformes, ou não, com processos hegemônicos de produção da cidade. Nesse campo de disputas e conflitos, verificam-se as transversalidades e fenômenos de um processo atrelado a uma lógica de reprodução do capital e ao consumo mercantil das cidades. Neste sentido, a sua compreensão permite desvelar aspectos da reprodução financeirizada do capital no espaço urbano, e responde a hipótese que esse trabalho apresenta, de que os tecidos urbanos tradicionais da cidade são desconstituídos de seu significado ao recriar novas articulações urbanas que intensificam e reduzem realidades complexas diante de seus processos de patrimonialização regidos pela assistência e cooperação internacional da UNESCO. Tal processo de ressignificação, por meio da dissolução das condicionantes físicas, históricas e socioculturais que constituem de maneira dinâmica a identidade dos tecidos urbanos tradicionais das cidades, pode resultar em contradições em relação à articulação dos nomeados bens culturais aos seus contextos locais e na dissolução das relações de identidade e culturais do próprio lugar. Assim, considerada uma questão que perpassa o patrimônio, este trabalho analisa como estudo de caso o processo de classificação recente e ainda em andamento do Ver-o-Peso (BR) e apresenta como contraponto o patrimônio mundial da Universidade de Coimbra (PT), buscando por meio desta análise questionar e verificar as condições e os processos na cidade que podem levar tanto à criação de espaços simplificados de significado, diante de um processo de homogeneização da cultura, quanto a ações de preservação no âmbito nacional e internacional, principalmente relacionadas a uma agência multilateral internacional de preservação do patrimônio que corroboram para este processo. Dessa forma, a pesquisa se insere no quadro de discussões relativas ao processo de produção do espaço urbano da cidade relacionado à intervenções no patrimônio e a preservação de conjuntos históricos das cidades, contribuindo particularmente para avaliar o papel dos processos de classificação a patrimônio mundial das cidades na proteção e preservação do patrimônio cultural.
As part of the debate on the production of the urban space of the contemporary city, this research analyzes to what extent the processes of global patrimonialization governed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and its developments are or are not in conformity with hegemonic processes of production of the city. In this field of disputes and conflicts we verify the transversality and the phenomena of a process linked to a logic of reproduction of capital and to the mercantile consumption of cities. In this sense, its understanding allows us to unveil aspects of the financial reproduction of capital in urban space, and responds to the hypothesis that this work presents, that is the traditional urban fabrics of the city are deconstituted of their meaning when recreating new urban articulations that intensify and reduce complex realities in the face of its patrimonial processes governed by UNESCO\'s international assistance and cooperation. Such a process of resignification, through the dissolution of the physical, historical and socio-cultural conditioning factors that dynamically constitute the identity of the traditional urban fabrics of the cities, may result in contradictions in relation to the articulation of the so-called cultural goods for their local contexts and in the dissolution of identity and cultural relations of the place. Thus, considered as an issue that pervades the heritage, this work analyzes, as a case study, the recent and ongoing classification process of the Ver-o-Peso (BR) and presents as a counterpoint the world heritage of the University of Coimbra (PT). This analysis seeks to question and verify the conditions and processes in the city that can lead both to the creation of simplified spaces of meaning, before a process of homogenization of culture, and preservation actions at national and international level, mainly related to an international multilateral agency for the preservation of heritage that corroborate this process. In this way, the research is part of discussions about the process of production of the urban space of the city related to interventions in heritage and the preservation of historical sets of cities, contributing particularly to evaluate the role of classification processes to cities\' world heritage in the protection and preservation of cultural heritage.

Rejoindre la Liste du Patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO nourrit des espérances économiques, sociales et culturelles de la part des gestionnaires locaux, qui sont le plus souvent à l’initiative de la candidature. En effet, la valorisation du patrimoine porte des enjeux territoriaux tels que la mise en tourisme de la ville ou l’amélioration du cadre de vie pour ses habitants. Pourtant la littérature scientifique pointe aussi les effets pervers d’une patrimonialisation urbaine, notamment quand sont décrits les processus de gentrification des centres villes ou leur muséification. À l’interstice de ces aspects, notre questionnement porte sur les conséquences socio-spatiales de l’action patrimoniale sur ses ressortissants, c’est-à-dire ceux qui en sont les principaux destinataires. Notre parti pris méthodologique a été, à partir du cas de la Cité épiscopale d’Albi (Tarn) inscrite sur la Liste du Patrimoine mondial en 2010, de mobiliser une approche quantitative et qualitative auprès des principaux destinataires (résidents, commerçants, visiteurs). Le résultat de notre thèse est de confirmer que les conséquences socio-spatiales de l’action publique patrimoniale ne sont pas univoques selon les acteurs et les échelles d’analyse considérés. Elle produit des effets ambivalents par rapport aux objectifs annoncés dans le domaine de l’attractivité, dans celui de l’implication des habitants à la vie de la cité et dans le sentiment d’appartenance à la ville. De même, les pouvoirs publics n’arrivent pas à totalement empêcher la patrimonialisation de produire des effets non désirés dans le domaine de l’altération du cadre de vie des habitants
Joining the UNESCO World Heritage Sites brings economic, social and cultural hope to the local administrators, who are, the most often, at the initiative of the application. As a matter of fact, the enhancement of the heritage carries territorial stakes such as the touristic development of the city or the quality of life improvement for the inhabitants. However, the scientific literature also points out the negative sides of an urban heritage designation, for instance, when in city centres gentrification or “museumification” processes are described. At the crossroads of these aspects, we question the socio-spatial consequences of the heritage activities on the inhabitants, i.e. those who are the main recipients. Our methodological bias was to mobilise a quantitative and qualitative approach to the main recipients (inhabitants, shopkeepers, visitors) in the case of the Episcopal City of Albi (Tarn) registered on the UNESCO’s list of world heritage in 2010. The result of our thesis is to confirm that the socio-spatial consequences of the public heritage action are not unequivocal depending on the stakeholders and the scale of analysis considered. It produces ambivalent effects compared to the goals announced regarding the attractiveness, the inhabitants' implication in the city life and sense of belonging to the city. Likewise, public authorities are not fully able to avoid the heritage activities producing undesired effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants

Esta Dissertação cuja elaboração está focada em uma perspectiva histórico-dialética tem por objetivo analisar o processo de consagração do Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade [UNESCO] e o Programa Monumenta [Municípios / Governo Federal / BID] a fim de identificar, em Diamantina cidade histórica do sertão mineiro através de uma análise crítica, como o par dialético preservação / mercantilização produz o espaço urbano em tela e como transforma a realidade e o imaginário do residente. Denominamos essa contradição como dialética da construção destrutiva, que envolve os bens culturais do mundo, na contemporaneidade. Esta dialética estabelece-se no próprio percurso de consagração do Patrimônio Mundial, quando temos, por um lado, a UNESCO, que luta pela preservação inconteste dos bens culturais e naturais do mundo, em contraposição à tendência contemporânea de mercantilização, banalização e destruição dos espaços da história, da memória, da cultura, da natureza e da vida, quando da implantação de um turismo negligente com a sociedade e com o lugar. Dialética da construção destrutiva que rebate sobre o espaço urbano, a cidade histórica viva enquanto totalidade, ao ser reconhecida, simultaneamente, como símbolo de cultura e de mercadoria. Assumimos uma postura crítica frente a simultaneidade da preservação e da mercantilização do patrimônio um processo contraditório dada a preponderância do caráter estético, fetichista, classista e de cenarização na apropriação das cidades históricas e na refuncionalização dos bens culturais, em detrimento ao seu valor de uso civilizatório. Analisamos esta realidade que se evidencia, incipientemente, em Diamantina (Patrimônio Mundial e mercadoria global), sobretudo, com a conquista da chancela da UNESCO e com a implantação do polêmico Programa Monumenta. Veremos que a cidade histórica, ao ser tomada pela indústria cultural por via de um turismo descompromissado com a sociedade e com o lugar, é destituída de sua particularidade no fortalecimento do sentimento de pertencimento ao lugar e na edificação da cidadania. Ante ao frénésie pela Lista do Patrimônio Mundial, que esboça a lógica mercantil que envolve os bens culturais, na atualidade, urge a implementação da gestão participativa dos lugares do patrimônio e o enfoque no planejamento da cidade histórica enquanto totalidade, não focado nos limites do núcleo tombado. Por fim, é no contexto da dialética entre o uso e a troca que se dá na apropriação do espaço urbano, e entre a preservação e a mercantilização do patrimônio cultural que direcionamos esta pesquisa, que identifica a fragmentação articulada propiciada pela dialética da construção destrutiva que impactua o território urbano de Diamantina, no sertão de Minas Gerais.
This dissertation - whose production is focused on a historical dialectic perspective - aims to analyze the process of consecration of the Cultural Heritage of Humanity [UNESCO] and Monumenta Program [Municipalities / Government / BID] to identify, in Diamantina historical city in Minas Geraiss backwoods through a critical analysis , as the dialectical pair preservation/ merchandising produces the urban space on screen and how changes the reality and the resident imaginary. We call this contradiction destructive dialectic of construction, which involves the cultural goods of the world, in the contemporary. This dialectic establishes itself in the path of the consecration of World Heritage, when we have, on the one hand, UNESCO, which fights for the preservation of cultural and natural worlds goods, as opposed to the contemporary trend of commercialization, trivialization and destruction of space of history, memory, culture, nature and life, where the deployment of a tourism careless with society and with the place. Dialectic of destructive construction that swings on the urban space, the historic city living as a whole, to be recognized as both the symbol of culture and commodity. We assume a critical posture in face of the simultaneity of the \"preservation\" and the commercialization of heritage - a contentious process - given the preponderance of the aesthetic character, fetishist, class and of giving background on ownership of historic towns and of giving refunction of cultural goods, rather than its value in civilization use. We analised this reality that there is, incipiently, in Diamantina (World Heritage and global commodity), especially with the conquest of the seal of UNESCO and with the deployment of the controversial Monumenta Program. We will see that the historic town, when taken by the \"culture industry\" through a tourism uncompromised with society and the place, is devoid of its particularity in the strengthening of the feeling of belonging to place and the edifying of citizenship. In face of the frénésie by the Worlds Heritage List, that outlines the commercial logic that envelops the cultural goods, in the present, urges the implementation of participatory management on places of the heritage and the approach of planning of the historical city as totality, not focused in the limits of the spot listed center. Finally, it is in the context of the dialectic between the use and exchange that occurs in the ownership of urban space, and between the \"preservation\" and the commercialization of cultural heritage that we directed this research, which identifies the articulated fragmentation provided by the dialectic of destructive construction that impacts the municipal area of Diamantina in the backwoods of Minas Gerais.

Tese de Doutoramento na área científica de Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
O propósito da presente tese de doutoramento em arquitetura procura analisar e compreender que, para o caso de Coimbra, a candidatura da Universidade de Coimbra – Alta e Sofia (UC-AS) a Património Mundial (PM) se constituiu como um operador de desenvolvimento urbano. Partindo da premissa que a candidatura da UC-AS a PM se assumia como estratégia para a promoção de desenvolvimento urbano, referenciada à proteção e valorização do património universitário e à revitalização e reabilitação urbana das suas áreas de referência, através do restabelecimento da inter-relação univer(sc)idade, a nossa problemática ancorava-se à compreensão de ‘como’ ou ‘de que modo’ uma candidatura a PM se concretiza como um operador de desenvolvimento para o seu contexto urbano. Tendo em conta o interesse pela compreensão desse fenómeno – ou seja, o processo de candidatura na sua emergência, no seu sistema de gestão e na sua concretização – sobre o seu espaço de referência, o objetivo principal deste trabalho traduz-se em analisar e compreender o processo transformativo que o fenómeno da candidatura UC-AS a PM vem imprimindo ao desenvolvimento do seu contexto urbano – a Alta, a Sofia e a sua respetiva área de proteção. Com efeito, a UC-AS era inscrita na Lista do PM (LPM) em 22 de junho de 2013, finalizando o seu processo documental, cuja formalização se constituía a partir da sua inscrição na Lista Indicativa dos Bens Portugueses ao PM da UNESCO, em 2004. A abrangência da nossa investigação concretiza-se, não só na componente burocrática e documental do processo, mas, sobretudo, ao nível do seu conteúdo, cujas estratégia política e estratégia de intervenção já colhiam resultados mesmo antes da inscrição da UC-AS na LPM, evidenciando a capacidade do processo de candidatura em imprimir uma dinâmica de transformação sobre o seu território de influência, com dados recolhidos até ao fim de 2017. Para cumprirmos o propósito de investigação, desenvolvemos uma investigação qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso da candidatura da UC-AS a PM, caracterizado por uma abordagem exploratória e, evolutivamente, explanatória, sendo apoiada em métodos analíticos, interpretativos e explanatórios. Para tal, a investigação recorreu aos suportes documentais que serviram para desenvolver a candidatura da UC-AS a PM, tanto na sua formalização pelo dossier de candidatura, como na sua concretização pelas intervenções qualificadas sobre o património universitário e sobre o património urbano, sendo contrastadas com uma revisão bibliográfica continuada. Em função do nosso propósito, desenvolvemos a investigação a partir da articulação entre os domínios espaciais considerados para referenciar o espaço da candidatura – a UNESCO, o bem e o contexto urbano – e as perspetivas de leitura consideradas para referenciar as estratégias, de qualificação teórico-prática inerentes à política e à intervenção, assumidas pela candidatura – a própria candidatura a PM, a gestão do património e o desenvolvimento urbano, gerando as possibilidades de abordagem entre os domínios e as perspetivas de leitura. Por um lado, investiga-se o enquadramento político-cultural internacional que caracteriza o âmbito da UNESCO, através dos conceitos, dos discursos e do papel das entidades que interferem com os propósitos das candidaturas a PM, com a gestão do património dos bens e dos sítios inscritos na LPM e, por inerência, com as estratégias de desenvolvimento assumidas, na esfera da política nacional e local, para cada um desses bens na LPM, tendo em conta a especialidade, especificidade e complexidade destes processos. Paralelamente, esta análise era contrastada com as críticas ao discurso do PM e da UNESCO. Por outro lado, investiga-se o caráter circunstancial do bem UC-AS, enquanto candidato a PM e como PM, na sua condição de mediador entre a UNESCO e o seu contexto urbano. Primeiramente, investiga-se os desígnios e intenções de candidatura e, de modo particular, a problemática inerente à construção da Cidade Universitária de Coimbra, na Alta, em função da destruição e da construção de património e do papel dos arquitetos para o desenho de cidade. Depois, investiga-se o sistema de gestão da UC-AS (o plano, o agente e os instrumentos), as questões de propriedade inerentes à autonomia de gestão do património, bem como, as políticas e práticas de intervenção sobre o património assumidas no âmbito da gestão nacional e local, como o caso da desclassificação da Igreja de São Domingos, na Rua da Sofia. Por fim, investiga-se as influências e concretizações da candidatura sobre o contexto urbano da UC-AS, a partir do restabelecimento do laço univer(sc)idade e da capacidade de negociação entre os dois agentes implicados em todo o processo, a UC e a Câmara Municipal de Coimbra. Esta investigação tem uma particularidade: os seus resultados parciais foram sendo comunicados ou publicados, por artigos científicos, depois de terem sido sujeitos a revisão por pares. Desse ponto de vista, o resultado da tese que se apresenta constitui-se na evolução crítica sobre essa produção e os resultados obtidos levaram-nos a concretizar três sínteses conclusivas: a primeira explica a eminente componente política atribuída a estes processos; a segunda distingue a componente da especificidade técnico-científica atribuída a estes processos, sendo que, o caso da candidatura da UC-AS se determina ancorada ao campo disciplinar da arquitetura; e a terceira considera que uma candidatura a PM deve ser um ativo para a gestão integrada da área candidata e do desenvolvimento urbano da sua área de influência, em função da sustentabilidade do sistema. Adicionalmente, a partir dos seus resultados e interpretações, esta investigação lança novas perspetivas sobre os argumentos utilizados pelo discurso ‘anti-UNESCO’.
This PhD in Architecture research seeks to analyse and understand the World Heritage nomination of the University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia (WHN UC-AS) as an operator of urban development, for Coimbra. The starting research premise is that the WHN UC-AS was a strategy to promote the urban development through the reimplementation of the bond encountered in the univer(sc)ity. This urban development, based on safeguarding and valorising the architectural heritage of the UC and on the revitalisation and rehabilitation of the nominated urban areas is central to our study, which seeks to understand ‘why’ and ‘how’ a WHN process can be implemented as an operator of urban development. Taking into account the interest in understanding of this phenomenon – that is, the WHN process in its emergence, with its management system and its implementation – in regards to its reference space, the main purpose of this research is to analyse and understand the transformative process, which was initiated by this nomination process and the consequences of its implementation on the urban development of its urban context, the Alta (uptown), the Sofia (downtown) and its buffer zone. The UC-AS, has been a WH site since June 22nd 2013. Its documental process ended on that date, although it had been formalised when the UC reached the point of being taken into consideration as suitable for a nomination for the WH List and had been added to the Tentative List of Portugal already in 2004. The scope of our research is based not only on the documental process, but also, and in particular, in its content. There, a political strategy and an architectural intervention strategy have been achieving results before the date of inscription, suggesting that the capacity of the WHN UC-AS process was promoting a dynamic of transformation over its surrounding area for data collected up to the year 2017. To achieve our main purpose, we used a case study of the WHN UC-AS process as a qualitative research strategy. Firstly an exploratory approach, which through the application of an analytic, interpretative and explanatory study turned into an explanatory approach with qualitative methods. This case study investigation was supported with documents that were used, produced and developed for the nomination process. Those were concerning the formalisation of the nomination dossier as well as the implementation of qualified projects regarding architectural intervention in the UC heritage and in the urban heritage, which then were being constantly contrasted by a literature review. According to our intent of articulating the space field considered with regards to the space (conceptual and material) of the WHN UC-AS process – UNESCO, the property and its urban context – as well as the perspectives of interpretation considered relating the strategies (a political and an architectural intervention) assumed in the WHN UC-AS process – the WHN UC-AS, the heritage management and urban development and the methodology generated approach possibilities and/or evidences to study. On the one hand, this research investigated the international framework of the political and cultural scope which characterises UNESCO. This was achieved through the concepts, the discourses and the role of the advisory bodies, that interfere within the WHN’s purposes, the heritage management of World Heritage sites and, consequently, the assumed strategies for development by each nomination process, on a national and local political level, considering the expertise, the specificity and the complexity of these processes. In parallel, this analysis was contrasted with the critical discourse against UNESCO policies. On the other hand, this research investigated the circumstances of the property, as a nominated property and as a WH site, considering its role of spatial mediator between the UNESCO and its urban context. Firstly, it approached the purposes and intentions of Coimbra’s nomination process, particularly, the problematic topic of the construction of the University City of Coimbra, in Alta, taking into account the destruction of heritage and construction of new heritage and the role of architects for the plan of the city. Then, this study investigated the Property management system (the management plan, model and instruments) and the property issues, like ownership surveys that may threaten the autonomy of the management system of the property. Under this perspective, it investigated as well the policies and practices at a national level of the heritage management, like the case of declassification decision concerning the Church of São Domingos (Sofia). Finally, this research investigated the influences and the implementations of the nomination process over the urban context of the UC-AS, beginning with the reconstruction of the bond univer(sc)ity and the negotiation ability between the main stakeholders concerning the nomination process, the UC and the Municipality of Coimbra. This research is formulated by one particular aspect: its partial results had been communicated or published through scientific papers, after a peer-review process. In that sense, this final document can be considered the evaluated critical evolution over the cumulative results and outcomes, which carry out three conclusive ideas: the first explains the eminent political role of these processes; the second distinguishes the characteristics of its specificity based on technical-scientific applications and elucidates that the case of WHN UC-AS was developed within the field of architecture; the third considers that these nomination processes should be an influence for the integrated management of the nominated area within the urban development of its buffer zone, in order to guarantee the sustainability of the urban system. Furthermore, this PhD research contributes to discuss the arguments utilised by an ‘anti-UNESCO’ discourse.

AbstractThe chapter analyses the quality of managing cultural heritage sites in Croatia, particularly those inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage List, which are under growing pressure of overtourism. The analysis was performed by using qualitative and quantitative data on visitors of the UNESCO heritage and the most important impacts of tourism on destination areas, compared to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focused on tourism and heritage. The study investigates the state of safeguarding, protecting and valorizing cultural heritage in relevant documents and in practice, focusing on Dubrovnik as a case study area. The analysis revealed the insufficient plans for managing UNESCO World Heritage Sites in relevant documents and in the field, as well as lack of monitoring of tourism impacts. The selected cases in Croatia confirmed that the most common way for heritage valorization is within the framework of tourism (McKercher and du Cros, Cultural tourism. The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management, Routledge, New York/London, 2009), where heritage is most often associated with sustainable tourism. However, desirable regenerative tourism, that repairs the harm that has already been done, is still far from the present situation and it will require much effort in its planning, designing tools for its implementation and its management to achieve it in the near future.

Recently the importance of maintaining of historic identity of the cities is an obvious matter in restoration of a city. Each city depends on its cultural perception and its wealth, tries to reserve and repair its cultural heritage. This matter has been done in many cities in the world and many historic urban fabrics have been restored and rehabilitated to be visited by many tourists to enjoy their atmosphere and physical and spiritual features. Iran is a country with limited water resources but in spite of this fact there are many ancient civilizations and old cities with valuable urban fabrics in them which have intellectual irrigation. The water of most cities of Iran mostly harvested from underground water by a technic which is called Qanat which irrigate city and farms. Water supplement in urban fabric and locating the hydraulic structure in cities had an important effect in forming the city which this impact shouldn’t be ignored in repairing or rehabilitation of urban fabric. In the other word hydraulic infrastructure of historic cities of Iran in hot and dry region is an important factor which shouldn’t forget during planning for rehabilitation. The route of water either underground route or surface water and also hydraulic structures which have been located in the path of water should be preserved. The case study is Qazvin city which its historic hydraulic infrastructure and hydraulic structures had an important effect in forming the city.

In rentier countries around the Gulf, a paradigm shift is certainly happening. Gulf States resorted to branding strategies which would secure a global recognition for their cities. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of tools used in Doha, the capital city of Qatar to create its own identity within the Gulf States and the rest of the Middle East. The analyzed tools will include City Uniqueness, Quality of Public Spaces, Signature Architecture, Events, Festivals, Cultural Tourism and Facilities. One of the main strategies used in Doha to articulate its brand is enhancing the ability of the city to host global Events, Festivals, and international sports. Competitions and cultural Carnivals. The research illustrates the use of Interesting Architecture, Cultural Facilities, Unique streets, Public parks, City natural and man-made Uniqueness as a City Marketing and Positive Branding Tools. The paper investigates crucial questions including the impact of the digital paradigm on the competitiveness of cities? How to regionally and globally market a city? What are the sustainable and resilient strategies for branding contemporary city? The paper also articulates a model for the case of Doha city banding and marketing which is based on a balanced approach. Such an approach would consider traditional assets including history and heritage. Also, it will include contemporary and innovative assets resulted from the last decade unprecedented investments in the sectors of education, research, culture and knowledge. Hence, the paper suggests a more holistic approach to city branding which would balance between social equity, economic prospertiy and ecological intergrity.

Culture heritage will always remain one of the priorities of any state. Taking a cultural or historical object under protection is impossible without inventory. The best technology, which allows getting high-quality inventory, is close-range photogrammetry. Unfortunately, the full capabilities of this technology is fully owned by professionals only. The situation changed significantly with the advent of mobile devices that are equipped with digital cameras and low-cost software that does not require any special knowledge in the theory and practice of photogrammetry. These developments have been called lowcost photogrammetry technologies. In the present study, we examined the use of smartphones and nano UAV and PhotoScan software for solve the problem fortifications II World War inventory near the city of Kiev. For qualitative data, the calibration of digital cameras in smartphones and ultra-light UAV was performed on calibration bench. One of the features of this project was the integration of the terrestrial photos and photos captured by nano UAVs. As a result of work performed were obtained 3D models of fortifications. Results showed high efficiency of the low-cost photogrammetry technologies. At the end of work some practical guidelines were provided, how to get high-quality data using low-cost photogrammetry technologies.

At the end of the XVI century, the historic centre of San Cristóbal de La Laguna was definitively configured as we know it today, as can be seen in the first preserved map of the city, drawn in 1588 by the engineer Leonardo Torriani. It is the first non-fortified Spanish colonial city and its plan has provided a model for the colonial cities of America, making it a UNESCO World Heritage site. The dissemination of this legacy is a task of great importance. A tool of increasing importance for the dissemination and preservation of history and cultural heritage are reconstructions and virtual recreations in 3D. This paper presents a case of the use of these tools for the dissemination of the city's heritage. The 3D modelling of one of the most characteristic types of housing in San Cristóbal de La Laguna in the 16th century is carried out along with the 3D modelling of human virtual characters all based on the historical documentation of that time. With these elements a WebGL application has been implemented in which a user can visit the virtually reconstructed house and receive information on the construction systems and architecture in the city on the XVI century.