Academic literature on the topic 'World IPO activity'
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Journal articles on the topic "World IPO activity"
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Musikhina, Ekaterina. "Initial Public Off erings’ Process at the World's Largest Stock Exchanges in 2001–2012." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2015, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201556.
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This article is investigating the initial public offerings (IPO) activity at world’s largest stock exchanges in 2001–2012. The main goal of the article is to determine the main trends of the IPO process at the world largest Stock Exchanges in 2001—2012. To achieve this goal the the author examines world and regional exchange centers of IPO-activity concentration and dentifies the factors determining the leading position of particular stock exchanges in various countries and regions in different periods of time. The autor coliects and analyses data from annual «IPO Watch Europe» reports provided by PwC Company in 2001—2012. The obtained time-series gives the opportunity to examine the variations of IPO-activity at different world Stock Exchanges along two dimensions: the overall volume and value of IPO deals at various Stock Exchanges. The analysis proves that the IPO-activity was mostly concentrated at European, US and the Greater China stock exchanges during the period under con sideration. The study reveals the shift of the world IPO-activity to Asian equity markets, with high IPO-activity indicators reported in emerging market econo mies. Brazilian, Saudi Arabian, Polish stock exchanges demonstrate the highest offerings indicators in this group. Thus, they are expected to become the new re gional centers of IPO-activity in future. In order to maintain or increase the current IPO-activity indicators ex-leaders had to resort to the consolidation of existing facilities throng M&A processes.
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LUTSIV, Pavlo. "THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF TRANSFORMATION ON WORLD CAPITAL MARKET." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 4(53) (2017): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.04.089.
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Introduction. The general feature of the modern theory of globalization is the interdependence of economies of countries of the world, which is based on the transformation of national economics into an integrated global world economy. Permanent transformations of world economic processes lead to corresponding changes in the distribution and redistribution of capital. Essential growth of amounts and quantities of ІPO-transactions is showing the high efficiency of the principal financial instrument which is IPO-market. Purpose. The investigation of condition of transformation process on international capital market, installation of tendencies in changing of dynamic of the activity on world IPO market. Results. The globalization of financial markets has a revolutionary effect not only forworld financial market, but also for international investors and borrows of capital. The theoretical concept of globalization of financial markets provides of elimination barriers between domestic and international financial markets. The modern world economy is characterized by three tendencies such as new convergence, cyclical interdependence and dissimilarity in distribution. The essence and forms of manifestation ofthe financiaiization ofthe economics are deployed which leads to an increase in the financial depth of the economy. The essence of the international capital market is complemented by the analysis of problems ofthe development of IPO-market. Conclusion. The international capital market is in a condition of constant renewal through the positive influence of globalization processes in the world economy. The consolidation of Western stock exchanges on the IPO-market is continuing, while stock exchanges are expanding in developing countries throughjoint initiatives and closer integration.
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Burhop, Carsten, David Chambers, and Brian Cheffins. "The Rise and Fall of the German IPO Market, 1870-1938." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0002.
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Abstract This study of over 1,000 initial public offerings (IPOs) on the Berlin stock exchange from German unification to the eve of World War II draws attention to the importance of regulation and deepens our understanding of German stock market development. An increasingly exacting regulatory environment from the early 1880s to 1914 made a vital contribution to the higher likelihood of firms going public surviving. In the inhospitable regulatory setting of the 1930s, IPO activity drew to a halt and the development in the German stock market over the preceding decades reversed. As a complement to our analysis of the impact of regulation, we document the increased involvement of leading universal banks (D-banks) in the IPO market over the whole period.
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Miloud, Tarek. "Offer price, target ownership structure and post-listing liquidity of newly listed firms." Managerial Finance 40, no. 9 (September 2, 2014): 928–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-06-2013-0127.
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Purpose – Initial public offerings (IPOs) underpricing is a world-wide phenomenon in the stock market. It is generally explained with asymmetric information and risk. The purpose of this paper is to complement these traditional explanations with a theory where investors also worry about the after-market illiquidity that may result from asymmetric information after the IPO. Design/methodology/approach – The model blends such liquidity concerns with adverse selection and risk as motives for underpricing and liquidity. The model's predictions are supported by evidence for 798 French IPOs realized between 1995 and 2008. Using various measures of liquidity, the author finds that expected after-market liquidity and liquidity risk are important determinants of IPO underpricing. Findings – The author finds evidence that less liquid the aftermarket is expected to be, and the less predictable its liquidity, the larger will be the IPO underpricing. Practical implications – The study provides empirical evidence that shares outstanding and author IPO characteristics play a vital role on post-IPO liquidity. According to the results obtained, three IPO characteristics, that is, relative size, blockholder and underpricing of offering have an explanatory for the liquidity and trading activity of the shares outstanding. It should be noted that this explanatory power is much greater before isolating the market effect. Nevertheless, given the evidence to show that these operations are executed during upmarket periods when trading volume is high, the non-exclusion of the market effect may attribute these variables with more explanatory power than they actually possess. Be that as it may, even after eliminating the market effect, their explanatory capacity is still considerable. Originality/value – The author has found that underpricing is negatively related to the breadth of shareholders but positively related to institutional shareholders after the IPO. When a company is underpriced, it is likely, on average, to have a higher breadth of shareholder base and lower concentration of large outside investors.
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Busaba, Walid Y., Yun Li, and Guorong Yang. "Market Volatility and IPO Filing Activity." Quarterly Journal of Finance 05, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139215500172.
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The initial public offering (IPO) filing volume is positively related to changes in market volatility, especially when market returns are at ‘normal’ levels. This is consistent with the view that filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) gives would-be issuers an ‘option’ on market valuations. Creating this option is attractive not only when market valuations rise but also when volatility increases, and the effect of volatility is more pronounced when market returns are neither high nor low. We therefore identify a distinct type of ‘window of opportunity’ for firms attempting to go public, characterized not particularly by strong stock valuations but by increased volatility in valuations.
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Che Yahya, Norliza, Ahmad Husni Mohd Rashid, Ibrahim A. Rahman, and Siti Norbaya Mohd Rashid. "The Impact of “Offer for Sale” by Existing Shareholders in an IPO on Initial Aftermarket Performance." Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting 9, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v9i2.11537.
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This study examines the impact of “offer for sale” by existing shareholders in an IPO on initial aftermarket performance. The “offer for sale” is measured by the proportion of shares offered to public from the sale of the existing shareholdings against the total number of shares offered during IPO. The “offer for sale” activity suggests that proceed from the shares sold to investors at an IPO would go into the pocket of the existing shareholders. That is, the proceed does not actually meet the goals of the IPO which is to raise fund. The new investors expect new cash inflows for the firm to finance new projects and to secure its sustainable growth. IPO firms that go public mainly through “offer for sale” activity are expected to receive less demand during the IPO from the potential investors. In other words, the investors prefer to invest more in IPO firms that offer entirely newly issued shares rather than those that offer a combination of “public issue” and “offer for sale”. Firms which their shares are offered through “offer for sale” activity are predicted to produce poor initial aftermarket performance relative to firms which their shares are newly issued. Employing a sample of 419 Malaysian IPOs issued from January 2000 to December 2015, regression results of this study reveal that firms which their shares are offered highly through “offer for sale” report poor initial aftermarket performance.
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Marzęcki, Radosław. "Constructive emotions? Patriotism as a predictor of civic activity in Poland." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.15.
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AbstractIn many post-communist countries, the concept of patriotism is used instrumentally in populist discourses. It is rarely the subject of a substantive public debate, in which symbolic elites would be able to openly discuss and negotiate the scope of its meaning in front of an interested audience. A long-term plan to shape constructive civil attitudes gives way to the pressure of being effective in current politics. The author proposes to look at the category of patriotism in a socially useful way and to treat it as an important factor in the process of building a civil society. The young generation can play a significant role in this process. Poland seems to be an interesting case for the analysis of this research problem. This paper has two objectives. The descriptive objective is to present the author's research data on a sense and understanding of patriotism among Polish students. Its aim is to describe the prevailing pattern of patriotic attitudes and ideas about patriotism as shared by students. The explanatory objective of this paper is to answer the question about the constructive potential of patriotism: whether and to what extent it is an important determinant of civic activity. The results obtained should lead to practical conclusions that may be useful for various social institutions which are interested in releasing the positive energy of citizens and orienting them to functional goals, that is, the education system, as well as for political institutions that design and implement elements of the so-called youth policy.
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PAN, ZHENGQI. "VARIETIES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIPS AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS IN THE WORLD TRADE NETWORK." Advances in Complex Systems 21, no. 02 (March 2018): 1850001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525918500017.
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To what extent does joint membership in intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) matter for bilateral trade? How and under what conditions do the various types of IGOs — economic, socio-cultural and general purpose — influence bilateral trade between their members? How do complex interdependencies in world trade matter? Existing research tends to examine aggregate joint IGO memberships and has done little to analyze how specific types of IGO membership matter in trade. Using a detailed IGO dataset and a novel network analysis approach called the temporal exponential random graph model, I assess the importance of three main IGO types — economic, socio-cultural and general purpose — in helping members to establish major trading ties. The results provide support for general purpose and socio-cultural IGOs and point to the importance of network phenomena such as popularity, activity and transitivity effects. Moreover, joint economic IGO memberships exhibit slightly more complex relations with bilateral trade. A robustness test reveals that preferential trade agreements are significant in fostering trade, while the World Trade Organization and other economic IGOs such as development banks are not. This paper presents a nuanced way of analyzing IGOs and provides the impetus for the study of complex interdependencies in international trade.
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Pešterac, Aleksandra. "The Importance of Initial Public Offering for Capital Market Development in Developing Countries." Economic Themes 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe first issue of shares is the key moment in the life cycle of any company that was not previously listed on a stock exchange. Considering the fact that transformation into a public open joint stock company brings along a number of advantages and challenges, it would be of great importance to possess knowledge about initial public offering (IPO) issuing activity, as well as stay updated with the number and value of globally realised IPOs. The aim of the paper is to use the comprehensive analysis of IPOs realisation process in order to point out the importance of going public, having in mind both the corporations and investors in the capital market, as well as the economy as a whole. In accordance with the set goal, the paper will present the effects of the realised IPO processes in the countries of Western Europe, China, Japan and the USA. When it comes to developing countries, the IPO of shares on a stock exchange is of special importance, since it contributes to the further development of capital market. Due to the particularity of the Serbian macroeconomic environment, the trends of privatisation process, the insufficient protection of investors, the high level of information asymmetry and the lack of corporate education, there have been no IPO processes realised on the Belgrade Stock Exchange over the past eight decades.
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Koç, Deniz Öğütmen, Yağmur Özhan, Ebru Türköz Acar, Nilgün Bireroğlu, Fatih Aslan, Murat Keğin, and Hande Sipahi. "Serum Neopterin Levels and IDO Activity as Possible Markers for Presence and Progression of Hepatitis B." Pteridines 31, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2020-0010.
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AbstractChronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still one of the major reasons for liver related mortality and morbidity all around the world. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the immune system activation and presence, as well as progression, of hepatitis B infection by monitoring the tryptophan degradation and serum neopterin levels in patients with HBV. 110 patients with HBV and 23 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients had significantly higher neopterin levels and increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratios, which were most probably due to enhanced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity compared to healthy control. A strong positive correlation was found between neopterin levels and IDO activity in patient group. Neopterin levels and IDO activity were markedly increased in patients with histological activity index (HAI) ≥4 compared to HAI<4, and a significant correlation was found between neopterin and HAI. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between albumin levels and IDO activity in HBV patients. These findings suggest that tryptophan degradation results from IFN-γ-induced IDO activation, likewise depletion of albumin synthesis in HBV patients may result from diminished tryptophan availability. In conclusion, based on the study results, serum neopterin levels and IDO activity could provide additional immunological information for monitoring liver histological activity and can be used as prognostic markers in HBV disease.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World IPO activity"
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Šisl, Marek. "Analýza procesu IPO na příkladu zvolených společností." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72628.
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This thesis is focused on the issuance of Initial Primary Offerings of shares, with an emphasis on the development of the worldwide IPOs. The first part of the thesis deals with the types of possible sources of financing of the company and the factors that affect their selection. In the next section it shows a characteristic of an IPO from the company's point of view-- a candidate for IPO. In this section are described the motivation and the assumptions of the company undergoing IPO as well as the advantages and disadvantages which the IPO can bring to a company. The following section describes in detail the process of issuing the IPO, it is divided into several main sections and is focused on the Czech market. Further work describes the world development of IPO activity. Here are shown the count and volumes which were carried out in the recent years. Furthermore there is the current status and future trends in the major world markets (the Chinese, the United States and the European). In the final part of the thesis, an analysis of both macro/micro-economic conditions and success of two IPOs, for a Chinese technology company Youku.com Inc. (performed in December 2010) and an American Internet dial-up company Vonage Holding Corp. (implemented in May 2006), is carried out.
Books on the topic "World IPO activity"
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Picarelli, John T. Crime: The Illicit Global Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.136.
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Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international community. The word “transnational” describes crimes that are not only international, but crimes that by their nature involve cross-border transference as an essential part of the criminal activity. Transnational crimes also include crimes that take place in one country, but their consequences significantly affect another country and transit countries may also be involved. Examples of transnational crimes include: human trafficking, people smuggling, smuggling/trafficking of goods, sex slavery, terrorism offences, torture and apartheid. Contemporary transnational crimes take advantage of globalization, trade liberalization and new technologies to perpetrate diverse crimes and to move money, goods, services, and people instantaneously for purposes of perpetrating violence for political ends. While these global costs of criminal activity are huge, the role of this criminal market in the broader international economic system, and its effects on domestic state institutions and economies, has not received widespread attention from an international political economy (IPE) or political science perspective. Given the limits on the exercise of extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction, states have developed mechanisms to cooperate in transnational criminal matters. The primary mechanisms used in this regard are extradition, lawful removal, and mutual legal assistance.
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Burns, Charlotte, Paul Tobin, and Sebastian Sewerin, eds. The Impact of the Economic Crisis on European Environmental Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826958.001.0001.
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The European Union (EU) has sought to establish itself as a global environmental leader. However, from 2007–8 onwards, the combined effects of the economic and financial crisis led some to question whether the EU would continue to adopt ambitious environmental policy. This volume brings together leading scholars from across Europe to analyse the impacts of the crisis upon environmental policy in the EU and its member states. The authors analyse policy decisions in fourteen countries to determine whether environmental policy has been dismantled, expanded, or has stayed the same. If policy has been dismantled, contributors identify the kind of dismantling strategy adopted, and at what levels change has occurred. A new measurement approach, the Index of Policy Activity (IPA) is applied systematically across the cases, offering a comprehensive reference framework for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. A wide range of policy areas, from climate change to biodiversity, are examined and non-European cases are also included to provide a counterpoint for comparison. The book finds that, while the EU has not actively dismantled environmental policy, its economic policies have had negative effects upon some Member States, prompting policy dismantling in places. Climate and energy policies have seen some policy expansion, but there are examples, most notably the UK, where there has also been active policy dismantling. The main trend is one of stasis— environmental policy in Europe has plateaued, calling into question Europe’s much-vaunted environmental leadership. The book contributes to scholarship on environmental policy and public administration, combining empirical and methodological insights to give an up-to-date perspective on the impact of crisis upon European environmental policy.
Book chapters on the topic "World IPO activity"
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Fish, Jennifer N. "Getting “on the Map”." In Domestic Workers of the World Unite! NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479848676.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 discusses the history, structure, and processes of the International Labour Organization and its groundbreaking inclusion of domestic workers in the policymaking process. It examines the revolutionary nature of activist groups’ alignment to determine policy protections for some of the world’s most marginalized populations. Domestic workers came to the ILO as the first “actual workers” to participate in the crafting of policy outcomes that would determine protections for their occupation. The chapter describes the tensions and opportunities that arose as activists engaged with the world’s longest-standing global labor institution, and the social movement strategies that emerged when domestic workers sought influence within this global policy institution.
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Fish, Jennifer N. "“My Mother Was a Kitchen Girl”." In Domestic Workers of the World Unite! NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479848676.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 is concerned with the central strategies domestic workers employed in navigating the ILO system and claiming their rights to global protections. It features activists’ construction of domestic worker standpoints, including the framing of “vulnerability,” as a powerful tool of mobilization. The use by domestic workers of songs, emotional appeals, and stories in forging solidarity and holding policymakers accountable to the activists on the ILO floor is also analyzed. Domestic workers referenced policymakers’ employment of domestic laborers in their own households in holding them morally accountable to worker protections, asking them to “look deep in your hearts” and “think of your mother” when deciding upon this pivotal policy. The chapter shows how the strategies employed by domestic workers allowed them to influence global power systems, and ultimately gain their rights.
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Clarke, Elinor. "Exploring Interprofessional Educational Possibilities." In Interprofessional E-Learning and Collaborative Work, 367–81. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-889-0.ch028.
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This chapter reports a pilot research study investigating the possibility for Interprofessional education in a 3D multi user ‘virtual world’ known as Second life® (SL) (Linden Corporation). Following a brief introduction and context of interprofessional education (IPE) in health and social care, the pilot research project is reported. The goal was to gather insights into IPE and teaching and learning in virtual worlds. An action research approach enabled the author to collaborate with students and other experienced users of SL. Drawing on emerging interprofessional, constructivist and activity theories and insights from the research project, this chapter makes suggestions for utilising immersive worlds for interprofessional teaching and learning. It identifies the need for further research focusing on the vital ingredients necessary for interprofessional learning in virtual worlds, and a requirement to ensure that patient/client/service users remains the focus of the students’ learning, which is the essence of successful interprofessional working.
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Fish, Jennifer N. "“Dignity Overdue”." In Domestic Workers of the World Unite! NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479848676.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 follows national domestic worker activist movements from their disparate origins to their collective influence as a global activist network within the ILO. It highlights the two key ally organizations that supported the formation of the International Domestic Workers Network—the IUF and WIEGO—and examines the distinct features of the ally-activist social movement approach. It examines how the IDWN forged a global identity out of a diverse membership, and as a united front influenced policy change. The chapter closes by placing this movement in the context of related efforts to promote women’s rights, and recognize domestic work’s importance to the global service economy.
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Fish, Jennifer N. "“A Little Bit of Liberation”." In Domestic Workers of the World Unite! NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479848676.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the impact and outcomes of global domestic worker activism, with a focus on the larger meaning and implications of this global worker movement. It closes the book with an assessment of the application of human rights policies in the everyday lives of women workers, namely migrant domestic workers. An examination of state relations to domestic work illustrates the importance of international policy ratification as the critical component of positive change “on the ground.” The chapter looks ahead to domestic worker organization following the ILO policy discussions, and discusses the potential shifts in the landscape of domestic work amid efforts to improve the conditions of informal workers, migrants, and domestic workers across the globe.
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Clayton, John F. "Education, the Internet, and the World Wide Web." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 175–78. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch028.
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The development of the Internet has a relatively brief and well-documented history (Cerf, 2001; Griffiths, 2001; Leiner et al., 2000; Tyson, 2002). The initial concept was first mooted in the early 1960s. American computer specialists visualized the creation of a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone quickly could access data and programs from any node, or place, in the world. In the early 1970s, a research project initiated by the United States Department of Defense investigated techniques and technologies to interlink packet networks of various kinds. This was called the Internetting project, and the system of connected networks that emerged from the project was known as the Internet. The initial networks created were purpose-built (i.e., they were intended for and largely restricted to closed specialist communities of research scholars). However, other scholars, other government departments, and the commercial sector realized the system of protocols developed during this research (Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and Internet Protocol [IP], collectively known as the TCP/IP Protocol Suite) had the potential to revolutionize data and program sharing in all parts of the community. A flurry of activity, beginning with the National Science Foundation (NSF) network NSFNET in 1986, over the last two decades of the 20th century created the Internet as we know it today. In essence, the Internet is a collection of computers joined together with cables and connectors following standard communication protocols.
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Carroll, John M., Patrick C. Shih, Jess Kropczynski, Guoray Cai, Mary Beth Rosson, and Kyungsik Han. "The Internet of Places at Community-Scale." In Enriching Urban Spaces with Ambient Computing, the Internet of Things, and Smart City Design, 1–24. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0827-4.ch001.
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The Internet of Things integrates entities of the physical world by making them addressable through the Internet, and making the Internet accessible through physical objects. We draw on our own previous design research in community informatics to explore a critical elaboration of the Internet of Things: The Internet of Places (IoP). IoP seeks to support awareness, engagement, and interaction pertaining to individual and collective human experiences, meaning making, activity, intentions, and values by computationally leveraging and integrating a wide range of human data with places to which those data refer. We describe design scenarios, prototypes, and user research at the scale of local community. We identify a critical alternative for humankind of hyperlocal community, enabling greater citizen awareness, engagement, participation, and power. We suggest that the Internet of Places at community-scale is the next generation infrastructure for community networks in the 40-year tradition of the Berkeley Community Memory.
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George, Alexandra. "Intellectual Property and the Internet." In Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications, 222–27. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-993-9.ch032.
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‘Intellectual property’ (or ‘IP’) is an umbrella term that is used as shorthand to describe a variety of diverse doctrines that create legally-enforceable monopolies over the use of or access to ideas, information and knowledge. As the Internet is essentially a structure through which such material can be presented, organised, transmitted and disseminated, IP is a key area of law that is used to regulate activity on the Internet. The pervasive significance of this becomes clear when one considers that much of the hardware that forms the framework of computer networks that comprise the Internet, and almost all of the data carried through these networks and linked via the World Wide Web, are—or have been in the past—subject to regulation by IP laws.
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Kern, Josipa. "Standardization in Health and Medical Informatics." In Medical Informatics in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 323–29. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-078-3.ch017.
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When things go well then often it is because they conform to standards (ISO, 2005). According to the Oxford Dictionary of Modern English, there is a lot of explanation of what standard means, but, in context of the first sentence, the best meaning is «standard is a thing or quality or specification by which something may be tested or measured». Personal computer is a standardized computer. It means that any of its components is made according to strictly defined specification. Consequently, it does not matter who produces components and where they are produced. Industry put the first demand for standards. Especially standardization is extremely important for electronics, for information and communication technology (ICT), and its application in different areas. Nowadays developing of standards is organized on global, international level, but it exists also on national level, well harmonized with international one. Developers of standards are organizations and groups working on this matter. The leading standard developer in the world is International Standards Organization (ISO). ISO is a nongovernmental organization established on 23 February 1947. Its mission is to promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological and economic activity (ISO, 2005). ISO collaborates with its partners in international standardization, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a non-governmental body, whose scope of activities complements ISO’s. The ISO and the IEC cooperate on a joint basis with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), part of the United Nations Organization and its members are governments. The ISO standard can be recognized by the ISO logo, ISO prefix and the designation, “International Standard”. European developer of standards is the European Committee for Standardisation (Comité Européen de Normalisation – CEN). It was founded in 1961 by the national standards bodies in the European Economic Community and EFTA countries. CEN promotes voluntary technical harmonization in Europe in conjunction with worldwide bodies and its partners in Europe and the conformity assessment of products and their certification (CEN, 2005). CEN cooperates with the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Product of this cooperation is the European standard which can be recognized by the prefix EN. Any added prefix to the existing one, for both ISO and CEN standard, means that this standard is result of cooperation with other standardization group or organization. The prefix ENV in European standardization means that this standard is not yet a full standard (it is under development by CEN). ISO and CEN have Technical Committees working in the specific areas. ISO/TC215, established in 1998, and CEN/TC251, established in 1991, are corresponding technical committees working on standardization in health and medical informatics in ISO and CEN. Both standardization bodies, the ISO and CEN cooperate, and they mutually exchange their standards. There are also a variety of organizations and groups developing standards, cooperating with ISO and CEN or acting as administer and coordinator in standardization. For example, there are Health Level 7 (HL7), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system, etc.
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von Engelhardt, Sebastian, Andreas Freytag, and Christoph Schulz. "On the Geographic Allocation of Open Source Software Activities." In Open Source Technology, 1343–55. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch065.
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This article contributes to research on the geographic origin of open source software (OSS) developers by analyzing the geographic allocation of active OSS developers and OSS activities. Based on data from the SourceForge Research Data Archive, the authors exploit information about developers' IP address, email address, and indicated time-zone. This enables them to assign 94% of all registered users in 2006. As proxy for activity the authors use information about the number of posted messages. Thus they provide a detailed picture of the world-wide allocation of OSS activities. Such country data about the supply-side of OSS is a valuable stock for both cross-country studies on OSS and country-specific research and policy advice.
Conference papers on the topic "World IPO activity"
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Fallmann, Sarah, Ismini Psychoula, Liming Chen, Feng Chen, Julie Doyle, and Darpan Triboan. "Reality and perception: Activity monitoring and data collection within a real-world smart home." In 2017 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computed, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc.2017.8397533.
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Hu, Lisha, Yiqiang Chen, Shuangquan Wang, Jindong Wang, Jianfei Shen, Xinlong Jiang, and Zhiqi Shen. "Less Annotation on Personalized Activity Recognition Using Context Data." In 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc-scalcom-cbdcom-iop-smartworld.2016.0066.
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Ma, Junyi, Hao Wang, Daqing Zhang, Yasha Wang, and Yuxiang Wang. "A Survey on Wi-Fi Based Contactless Activity Recognition." In 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc-scalcom-cbdcom-iop-smartworld.2016.0170.
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Shi, Dianxi, Yuan Wu, Xiaoyun Mo, Ran Wang, and Jing Wei. "Activity Recognition Based on the Dynamic Coordinate Transformation of Inertial Sensor Data." In 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc-scalcom-cbdcom-iop-smartworld.2016.0024.
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Gheid, Zakaria, and Yacine Challal. "Novel Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Protocols for Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition." In 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc-scalcom-cbdcom-iop-smartworld.2016.0062.
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Fallmann, Sarah, and Johannes Kropf. "Human Activity Recognition of Continuous Data Using Hidden Markov Models and the Aspect of Including Discrete Data." In 2016 Intl IEEE Conferences on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced and Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing and Communications, Cloud and Big Data Computing, Internet of People, and Smart World Congress (UIC/ATC/ScalCom/CBDCom/IoP/SmartWorld). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uic-atc-scalcom-cbdcom-iop-smartworld.2016.0039.
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Albrecht, Robert, Rhys-Sheffer Birthwright, John Calame, Justin Cloutier, and Michael Gragg. "Returning Pipelines to Service Following a Mw7.5 Earthquake: Papua New Guinea Experience." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9492.
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Abstract The Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas (PNG LNG) project is a joint venture with participation by ExxonMobil, Oil Search Limited (OSL), Kumul Petroleum, Santos, JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration and Mineral Resources Development Company, and began production in 2014. As described in a previous IPC paper, the project, operated by ExxonMobil PNG Limited (EMPNG) sustained a M7.5 earthquake and approximately 300 aftershocks in 2018, epicentered directly under key facilities. Around 150 km of high-pressure gas and condensate pipelines in the rugged PNG highlands were affected but did not lose containment or pressure. Immediately following the M7.5 event, EMPNG began efforts to assess and inspect the pipelines in order to ensure public safety, and, at the appropriate time, restore LNG production. The technical efforts took place along the pipeline Right of Way (ROW) in a remote jungle environment, which, following the earthquake, was also a disaster zone in which the few available resources were prioritized towards humanitarian relief. Due to resource constraints, the pipeline field inspection team typically numbered only two or three specialists. The inspection team drew heavily on analysis work, ongoing since project startup in 2014 and in progress when the earthquake occurred, that simulated the condition of the ROW and pipe stress state following earthquake events similar in magnitude to what actually occurred. The body of existing analysis work allowed the field team to compare aerially observed ROW ground movements to previously modeled cases, and rapidly infer pipe stress state without actually measuring pipe deformation on the ground. Due to resource constraints, that latter activity, if required before startup, would have significantly delayed project restart. The worldwide network of technical resources that had been assisting with ongoing simulations was quickly re-directed to analyzing actual observed ground deformations, efficiently supporting the small field team from outside the disaster zone. After restart, field inspection activities continued, observations were categorized, and an Earthquake Recovery (EQR) organization was initiated to execute ROW repairs. Just as the initial inspection work was aided by pre-earthquake analyses, EQR activities have been expedited by the extensive ROW maintenance program that had been ongoing prior to the earthquake. This paper and accompanying oral presentation present details of the inspection and recovery, and show that the extensive simulations, preparations and maintenance programs supported by EMPNG during project operations prior to the earthquake enabled a rapid and efficient response when the earthquake actually occurred, and thus provided enormous value to the business.
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Akkerman, JW N. "INTRACELLULAR PH CHANGES AND PLATELET ACTIVATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644774.
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It is long known that platelet aggregation and secretion are accompanied by acidification of the extracellular medium. Much of the proton extrusion results from hydrolysis of ATP generated in the glycolytic pathway and liberation of secretion granules, which are slightly acidic. Recent eyidence points at a third source for extracellular protons.Following early observations (1) that epinephrine-induced platelet functions depended on extracellular Na+ (Na+ o ), it became evident that platelets possess a Na+ /H+ antiport, which regulates the cytosolic pH (pH.) via stochiometric exchange of intracellular protons with extracellular Na+ (2). Platelet functions triggered by epinephrine, AdP or low doses of thrombin are impaired by (i) the absence of Na+ o, and (ii) the presence of EIPA, an amiloride analogue which blocks the antiport. Ionophores which enhance proton efflux enhance the platelet responses. Thus, the antiport affects platelet functions via changes in pHi, but this has been difficult to establish experimentally. Early studies by Simons based on 6-carboxyfluorescein indeed reported a rise in pHi. during platelet activation, but more precise analysis awaited the development of more sensitive pHi-indicators. Recently (3),1studies employing BCECF, have confirmed that resting platelets maintain a pH. of about 7.1 via an EIPA-sensitive mechanism.Platelet activation induces a rise of 0.1-0.2 pH units, which lasts for several minutes unless the antiport is inhibited. When Na+/H+ exchange is gradually inhibited by lowering Na+ o , EIPA-sensitive proton efflux, mobilization of Ca2+ ions and aggregation are inhibited in parallel following stimulation with a low dose of thrombin. Artificial alkalinization reverses these effects. Alkalinization alone is not a trigger for platelet functions. Furthermore, high doses of thrombin (> 0.2 U/ml) initiate Ca2+ -mobilization and aggregation independent of changes in pHi Possibly, Na+ /H+ exchange enhances Ca mobilization by inositol-P3, generated by weak stimulation of the thrombin receptor, wfiich accords with the pH profile of IP3-induced Ca2+ liberation from isolated dense tubular membranes. However, concurrent measurement of Quin-2 and BCECF-fluoresence indicate that Ca2+ mobilization slightly precedes the rise in pHi which would make Ca+ mobilization a trigger for Na+ /H+ exchange is stead of one of its effects. Recent data favour a role for protein kinase C in activation of the antiport. A rise in pHi. is seen during incubation with OAG, an activator of protein kinase C. Thrombin (low dose)-induced Na /H exchange is inhibited by TFP, an inhibitor of this enzyme. These findings are bes^explained by assuming that low doses of thrombin initiate phospholipase C-mediated formation of inositol-P3, which triggers Ca2+ mobilization. Concurrently, diacylglycerol is formed, which activates protein kinase C. The result is a rise in pHi, which enhances the mobilization of Ca2+ by inositol-P3.This scheme differs from the sequence seen during activation by ADP or epinephrine (1), where Na+ /H2+ exchange is an early step after receptor occupancy and precedes phospholipid A2-mediated PG-endoperoxides/TxA2 formation. These metabolites activate phospholipase C resulting in diacylglycerol and inositol-P3-formation at a rather late stage in signal processing. Recent evidence (4) indicates that in epinephrine-stimulated platelets Na+ /H+ exchange requires fibrinogen binding, which opens the intriguing possibility that occupancy of GPIIb-IIIa starts a process that affects signal processing pathways in platelets.Sweatt, J.D., Limbird, L.E, et al. J.B.C. 1983, 1985, 1986Siffert, W., Akkerman, J.W.N., et al. FEBS Lett 1984, 1987; Nature 1987.Zavoico, G.B., Feinstein, M.B st al. J.B.C. 1986Banga, H.D., Rittenhouse, S.E. PNAS 1986
Reports on the topic "World IPO activity"
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Doidge, Craig, G. Andrew Karolyi, and René Stulz. The U.S. Left Behind: The Rise of IPO Activity Around the World. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16916.
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