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1
Musikhina, Ekaterina. "Initial Public Off erings’ Process at the World's Largest Stock Exchanges in 2001–2012." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2015, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201556.
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This article is investigating the initial public offerings (IPO) activity at world’s largest stock exchanges in 2001–2012. The main goal of the article is to determine the main trends of the IPO process at the world largest Stock Exchanges in 2001—2012. To achieve this goal the the author examines world and regional exchange centers of IPO-activity concentration and dentifies the factors determining the leading position of particular stock exchanges in various countries and regions in different periods of time. The autor coliects and analyses data from annual «IPO Watch Europe» reports provided by PwC Company in 2001—2012. The obtained time-series gives the opportunity to examine the variations of IPO-activity at different world Stock Exchanges along two dimensions: the overall volume and value of IPO deals at various Stock Exchanges. The analysis proves that the IPO-activity was mostly concentrated at European, US and the Greater China stock exchanges during the period under con sideration. The study reveals the shift of the world IPO-activity to Asian equity markets, with high IPO-activity indicators reported in emerging market econo mies. Brazilian, Saudi Arabian, Polish stock exchanges demonstrate the highest offerings indicators in this group. Thus, they are expected to become the new re gional centers of IPO-activity in future. In order to maintain or increase the current IPO-activity indicators ex-leaders had to resort to the consolidation of existing facilities throng M&A processes.
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LUTSIV, Pavlo. "THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF TRANSFORMATION ON WORLD CAPITAL MARKET." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 4(53) (2017): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2017.04.089.
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Introduction. The general feature of the modern theory of globalization is the interdependence of economies of countries of the world, which is based on the transformation of national economics into an integrated global world economy. Permanent transformations of world economic processes lead to corresponding changes in the distribution and redistribution of capital. Essential growth of amounts and quantities of ІPO-transactions is showing the high efficiency of the principal financial instrument which is IPO-market. Purpose. The investigation of condition of transformation process on international capital market, installation of tendencies in changing of dynamic of the activity on world IPO market. Results. The globalization of financial markets has a revolutionary effect not only forworld financial market, but also for international investors and borrows of capital. The theoretical concept of globalization of financial markets provides of elimination barriers between domestic and international financial markets. The modern world economy is characterized by three tendencies such as new convergence, cyclical interdependence and dissimilarity in distribution. The essence and forms of manifestation ofthe financiaiization ofthe economics are deployed which leads to an increase in the financial depth of the economy. The essence of the international capital market is complemented by the analysis of problems ofthe development of IPO-market. Conclusion. The international capital market is in a condition of constant renewal through the positive influence of globalization processes in the world economy. The consolidation of Western stock exchanges on the IPO-market is continuing, while stock exchanges are expanding in developing countries throughjoint initiatives and closer integration.
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Burhop, Carsten, David Chambers, and Brian Cheffins. "The Rise and Fall of the German IPO Market, 1870-1938." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0002.
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Abstract This study of over 1,000 initial public offerings (IPOs) on the Berlin stock exchange from German unification to the eve of World War II draws attention to the importance of regulation and deepens our understanding of German stock market development. An increasingly exacting regulatory environment from the early 1880s to 1914 made a vital contribution to the higher likelihood of firms going public surviving. In the inhospitable regulatory setting of the 1930s, IPO activity drew to a halt and the development in the German stock market over the preceding decades reversed. As a complement to our analysis of the impact of regulation, we document the increased involvement of leading universal banks (D-banks) in the IPO market over the whole period.
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Miloud, Tarek. "Offer price, target ownership structure and post-listing liquidity of newly listed firms." Managerial Finance 40, no. 9 (September 2, 2014): 928–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-06-2013-0127.
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Purpose – Initial public offerings (IPOs) underpricing is a world-wide phenomenon in the stock market. It is generally explained with asymmetric information and risk. The purpose of this paper is to complement these traditional explanations with a theory where investors also worry about the after-market illiquidity that may result from asymmetric information after the IPO. Design/methodology/approach – The model blends such liquidity concerns with adverse selection and risk as motives for underpricing and liquidity. The model's predictions are supported by evidence for 798 French IPOs realized between 1995 and 2008. Using various measures of liquidity, the author finds that expected after-market liquidity and liquidity risk are important determinants of IPO underpricing. Findings – The author finds evidence that less liquid the aftermarket is expected to be, and the less predictable its liquidity, the larger will be the IPO underpricing. Practical implications – The study provides empirical evidence that shares outstanding and author IPO characteristics play a vital role on post-IPO liquidity. According to the results obtained, three IPO characteristics, that is, relative size, blockholder and underpricing of offering have an explanatory for the liquidity and trading activity of the shares outstanding. It should be noted that this explanatory power is much greater before isolating the market effect. Nevertheless, given the evidence to show that these operations are executed during upmarket periods when trading volume is high, the non-exclusion of the market effect may attribute these variables with more explanatory power than they actually possess. Be that as it may, even after eliminating the market effect, their explanatory capacity is still considerable. Originality/value – The author has found that underpricing is negatively related to the breadth of shareholders but positively related to institutional shareholders after the IPO. When a company is underpriced, it is likely, on average, to have a higher breadth of shareholder base and lower concentration of large outside investors.
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Busaba, Walid Y., Yun Li, and Guorong Yang. "Market Volatility and IPO Filing Activity." Quarterly Journal of Finance 05, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139215500172.
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The initial public offering (IPO) filing volume is positively related to changes in market volatility, especially when market returns are at ‘normal’ levels. This is consistent with the view that filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) gives would-be issuers an ‘option’ on market valuations. Creating this option is attractive not only when market valuations rise but also when volatility increases, and the effect of volatility is more pronounced when market returns are neither high nor low. We therefore identify a distinct type of ‘window of opportunity’ for firms attempting to go public, characterized not particularly by strong stock valuations but by increased volatility in valuations.
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Che Yahya, Norliza, Ahmad Husni Mohd Rashid, Ibrahim A. Rahman, and Siti Norbaya Mohd Rashid. "The Impact of “Offer for Sale” by Existing Shareholders in an IPO on Initial Aftermarket Performance." Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting 9, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v9i2.11537.
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This study examines the impact of “offer for sale” by existing shareholders in an IPO on initial aftermarket performance. The “offer for sale” is measured by the proportion of shares offered to public from the sale of the existing shareholdings against the total number of shares offered during IPO. The “offer for sale” activity suggests that proceed from the shares sold to investors at an IPO would go into the pocket of the existing shareholders. That is, the proceed does not actually meet the goals of the IPO which is to raise fund. The new investors expect new cash inflows for the firm to finance new projects and to secure its sustainable growth. IPO firms that go public mainly through “offer for sale” activity are expected to receive less demand during the IPO from the potential investors. In other words, the investors prefer to invest more in IPO firms that offer entirely newly issued shares rather than those that offer a combination of “public issue” and “offer for sale”. Firms which their shares are offered through “offer for sale” activity are predicted to produce poor initial aftermarket performance relative to firms which their shares are newly issued. Employing a sample of 419 Malaysian IPOs issued from January 2000 to December 2015, regression results of this study reveal that firms which their shares are offered highly through “offer for sale” report poor initial aftermarket performance.
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Marzęcki, Radosław. "Constructive emotions? Patriotism as a predictor of civic activity in Poland." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.15.
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AbstractIn many post-communist countries, the concept of patriotism is used instrumentally in populist discourses. It is rarely the subject of a substantive public debate, in which symbolic elites would be able to openly discuss and negotiate the scope of its meaning in front of an interested audience. A long-term plan to shape constructive civil attitudes gives way to the pressure of being effective in current politics. The author proposes to look at the category of patriotism in a socially useful way and to treat it as an important factor in the process of building a civil society. The young generation can play a significant role in this process. Poland seems to be an interesting case for the analysis of this research problem. This paper has two objectives. The descriptive objective is to present the author's research data on a sense and understanding of patriotism among Polish students. Its aim is to describe the prevailing pattern of patriotic attitudes and ideas about patriotism as shared by students. The explanatory objective of this paper is to answer the question about the constructive potential of patriotism: whether and to what extent it is an important determinant of civic activity. The results obtained should lead to practical conclusions that may be useful for various social institutions which are interested in releasing the positive energy of citizens and orienting them to functional goals, that is, the education system, as well as for political institutions that design and implement elements of the so-called youth policy.
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PAN, ZHENGQI. "VARIETIES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIPS AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS IN THE WORLD TRADE NETWORK." Advances in Complex Systems 21, no. 02 (March 2018): 1850001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525918500017.
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To what extent does joint membership in intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) matter for bilateral trade? How and under what conditions do the various types of IGOs — economic, socio-cultural and general purpose — influence bilateral trade between their members? How do complex interdependencies in world trade matter? Existing research tends to examine aggregate joint IGO memberships and has done little to analyze how specific types of IGO membership matter in trade. Using a detailed IGO dataset and a novel network analysis approach called the temporal exponential random graph model, I assess the importance of three main IGO types — economic, socio-cultural and general purpose — in helping members to establish major trading ties. The results provide support for general purpose and socio-cultural IGOs and point to the importance of network phenomena such as popularity, activity and transitivity effects. Moreover, joint economic IGO memberships exhibit slightly more complex relations with bilateral trade. A robustness test reveals that preferential trade agreements are significant in fostering trade, while the World Trade Organization and other economic IGOs such as development banks are not. This paper presents a nuanced way of analyzing IGOs and provides the impetus for the study of complex interdependencies in international trade.
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Pešterac, Aleksandra. "The Importance of Initial Public Offering for Capital Market Development in Developing Countries." Economic Themes 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe first issue of shares is the key moment in the life cycle of any company that was not previously listed on a stock exchange. Considering the fact that transformation into a public open joint stock company brings along a number of advantages and challenges, it would be of great importance to possess knowledge about initial public offering (IPO) issuing activity, as well as stay updated with the number and value of globally realised IPOs. The aim of the paper is to use the comprehensive analysis of IPOs realisation process in order to point out the importance of going public, having in mind both the corporations and investors in the capital market, as well as the economy as a whole. In accordance with the set goal, the paper will present the effects of the realised IPO processes in the countries of Western Europe, China, Japan and the USA. When it comes to developing countries, the IPO of shares on a stock exchange is of special importance, since it contributes to the further development of capital market. Due to the particularity of the Serbian macroeconomic environment, the trends of privatisation process, the insufficient protection of investors, the high level of information asymmetry and the lack of corporate education, there have been no IPO processes realised on the Belgrade Stock Exchange over the past eight decades.
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Koç, Deniz Öğütmen, Yağmur Özhan, Ebru Türköz Acar, Nilgün Bireroğlu, Fatih Aslan, Murat Keğin, and Hande Sipahi. "Serum Neopterin Levels and IDO Activity as Possible Markers for Presence and Progression of Hepatitis B." Pteridines 31, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2020-0010.
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AbstractChronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still one of the major reasons for liver related mortality and morbidity all around the world. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the immune system activation and presence, as well as progression, of hepatitis B infection by monitoring the tryptophan degradation and serum neopterin levels in patients with HBV. 110 patients with HBV and 23 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients had significantly higher neopterin levels and increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratios, which were most probably due to enhanced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity compared to healthy control. A strong positive correlation was found between neopterin levels and IDO activity in patient group. Neopterin levels and IDO activity were markedly increased in patients with histological activity index (HAI) ≥4 compared to HAI<4, and a significant correlation was found between neopterin and HAI. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between albumin levels and IDO activity in HBV patients. These findings suggest that tryptophan degradation results from IFN-γ-induced IDO activation, likewise depletion of albumin synthesis in HBV patients may result from diminished tryptophan availability. In conclusion, based on the study results, serum neopterin levels and IDO activity could provide additional immunological information for monitoring liver histological activity and can be used as prognostic markers in HBV disease.
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Alkaf, Budour, Alexandra I. Blakemore, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, and Nader Lessan. "Secondary analyses of global datasets: do obesity and physical activity explain variation in diabetes risk across populations?" International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 944–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00764-y.
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AbstractType 2 diabetes rates vary significantly across geographic regions. These differences are sometimes assumed to be entirely driven by differential distribution of environmental triggers, including obesity and insufficient physical activity (IPA). In this review, we discuss data which conflicts with this supposition. We carried out a secondary analysis of publicly available data to unravel the relative contribution of obesity and IPA towards diabetes risk across different populations. We used sex-specific, age-standardized estimates from Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) on diabetes (1980–2014) and obesity (1975–2016) rates, in 200 countries, and from WHO on IPA rates in 168 countries in the year 2016. NCD-RisC and WHO organized countries into nine super-regions. All analyses were region- and sex-specific. Although obesity has been increasing since 1975 in every part of the world, this was not reflected in a proportional increase in diabetes rates in several regions, including Central and Eastern Europe, and High-income western countries region. Similarly, the association of physical inactivity with diabetes is not homogeneous across regions. Countries from different regions across the world could have very similar rates of diabetes, despite falling on opposite ends of IPA rate spectrum. The combined effect of obesity and IPA on diabetes risk was analyzed at the worldwide and country level. The overall findings highlighted the larger impact of obesity on disease risk; low IPA rates do not seem to be protective of diabetes, when obesity rates are high. Despite that, some countries deviate from this overall observation. Sex differences were observed across all our analyses. Overall, data presented in this review indicate that different populations, while experiencing similar environmental shifts, are apparently differentially subject to diabetes risk. Sex-related differences observed suggest that males and females are either subject to different risk factor exposures or have different responses to them.
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Hossain, Md Mokbul, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Mehedi Hasan, Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif, Moyazzam Hossaine, Mohammad Aman Ullah, Samir Kanti Sarker, et al. "Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa066_010.
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Abstract Objectives The World Health Organization (WHO) set a target of 15% relative reduction of the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there is no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Methods NNS was conducted in 57 rural, 15 urban and 10 slum clusters selected using multistage cluster sampling. In these clusters, we collected data from 4732 adolescent girls and 4761 adolescent boys. We used Global Physical Activity Questionnaire to collect physical activity (PA) data. The WHO recommended cut off points for IPA (5–17 years: <300 minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity PA weekly; 18–19 years: <150 minutes of moderate intensity PA weekly or <75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA weekly) were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Results Prevalence of IPA among girls and boys were 50.6% and 29.4%, respectively and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents in both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was the highest among the adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.9% and boys: 64.6%). The IPA prevalence in slum areas was 36.6% for girls and 34.0% for boys; and in rural areas was 50.0% for girls and 28.2% for boys. For both girls and boys, age group, occupation and >6 hours of sitting per day were associated with IPA. Place of residence, consumption of fruits and vegetables, education and paternal occupation were associated with IPA only among the boys. On the other hand, maternal and paternal education and overweight/obesity were associated with IPA only among the girls. Conclusions One in every two adolescent girls and one in every three adolescent boys do not meet the WHO recommended level of PA in Bangladesh. This study identified several modifiable factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls and these factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions in order to improve adolescent health in Bangladesh. Funding Sources Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh.
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Shitov, V. N. "ILO is One Hundred Years." Journal of Law and Administration, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2018-3-48-80-89.
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Introduction. The article analyzes ILO’s history, specifc features of its structural organization, main activities of ILO, which is one hundred years in 2019, as well as USSR and Russia’s participation in the work of ILO.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research includes general scientifc and special methods of analysis i.e. historical methods, formal methods, comparative method. The theoretical background of the research consists of works of specialists in international labour law, ILO-s Charter, other offcial documents of International Labour Organization.Results. International Labour Organization has proved to be one of the most respected UN special institutions. Its mandate is to promote right to work, employment, to expand social security of workers, to strengthen social dialogue. ILO is a unique international institution as it alone is based on “tripartism” principle and in all ILO bodies governments of member states are represented along with trade-unions and employers. Main activities of ILO are elaboration of conventions and recommendations on social and labour issues, technical assistance, research as well as collection and analysis of labour statistics. The most important activity of ILO – elaboration of international labour standards. During one hundred years of its existence ILO elaborated 189 conventions on social and labour issues. The author’s analysis proves that high income countries have the biggest numbers of ratifcations of ILO conventions. But there are exeptions i.e. the USA and some Islamic states. Author analyses the USSR’s participation in the work of ILO as well as diffculties that it encountered in this institution. On the contrary modern Russia has no problems with ILO as its laws correspond to the ratifed ILO conventions. Its total number is 76 which is more than in any other post-soviet country.Conclusion. It is proved that ILO encountered many challenges during the long period of its existence. These challenges were posed in particular by Create Depression and by the Second World War. But the Organization has always withstood challenges. Modern challenges to ILO are created by globalization as well as by transnationalization in the world economy.
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Gladilshchikova, A. A., and E. D. Igolkina. "WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION: 70 YEARS." Fundamental and Applied Climatology 4 (2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21513/2410-8758-2020-4-07-23.
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The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is 70. In the second half of the 19th century, many economically developed countries realized the importance of meteorological information both for the people and for various sectors of economy (agriculture, shipping, etc.). National hydrometeorological services already worked in many countries. The idea of their cooperation, including exchange of hydrometeorological information emerged among scientists, professional meteorologists, physicists, chemists. This led to the establishment of the International Meteorological Organization (IMO) in 1879 at the International Meteorological Congress in Rome. Formally, it was not an intergovernmental organization. To a large extent, it was functioning as a society of heads of national hydrometeorological services and prominent meteorologists. Nevertheless, in the framework of this organization at the beginning of the twentieth century, the idea of organizing a global network of meteorological stations was born, and its basic parameters were outlined. The idea of a climate database was formulated and implemented, and the first sets of such data appeared. The subsequent development and the increased scale of the IMO's work showed that it is necessary to give this activity an intergovernmental status. In 1950, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was established, which already acted as a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). The subsequent development of WMO was in fact interdisciplinary. Its work encompassed research and monitoring of the Earth’s system, especially its climatic subsystem. Among the global initiatives of WMO in the field of climate, it is necessary to note the establishment of the Global Climate Observing System and the World Climate Research Programme, the establishment (jointly with the United Nations Environment Programme) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the development and implementation of the Global Framework for Climate Services. The WMO space program focused on the elaboration and implementation of remote sensing methodologies for the Earth’s system monitoring and research is a particularly important direction of the current and future methodological and technological activity of WMO.
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Terletska, V. "VENTURE BUSINESS EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT." Journal of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series of Economics and Management Issues 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/semi2021.01.187.
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Purpose. Since the venture business is a catalyst for structural adjustment and technological renewal of the country’s economic complex, small firms with the support of venture capital effectively create and sell innovations that become the basis of new economy sectors. Effective organization of venture activity requires analysis of the main trends in developing organizational forms of venture business and the creation of venture funds. This article aims to form a coherent system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of venture projects to manage the energy of venture business and the characteristics of these indicators. Scientists and their features present the analysis of available indicators or systems of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of venture business. Design/methodology/approach. This study used both general scientific methods, empirical and theoretical, in particular, the process of analysis (in the study of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of venture business), synthesis (in the formation of a coherent system of indicatorsfor assessing the effectiveness of venture business), generalization and explanation, classification, and also system (for coordination of the system of hands). Also, unique research methods were used, in particular, formal-logical and comparative forms ofscientific knowledge. Findings. The article’s indicators of evaluating the effectiveness of venture investments in innovative projects have been investigated and analyzed. A critical analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of venture capital has been done. It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of venture projects on such indicators as internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, net present value, payback period, discounted payback period, the profitability of sales, average rate of return, discounted profitability index, and contribution index-adequate assessment of the balance of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of venture investments. Practical implications. The article proposes to evaluate the effectiveness of venture projects on such indicators as internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, net present value, payback period, discounted payback period, the profitability of sales, average rate of return, discounted profit index and profit income which will contribute to obtaining a comprehensive and adequate assessment of the balance of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of venture investments. The formation of a coherent system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of venture projects will manage venture business efficiency. The intensification of venture activity in Ukraine requires developing an integrated approach, covering institutional development, legislation, and macroeconomic regulation. The story of venture business will contribute to achieving the most critical state goals: the improvement of the innovation sphere and increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy by entering world markets. The practical application of methods for assessing investment effectiveness is carried out using indicators NPV, IRR, PP, and others. The formation of a portfolio of innovative projects based on linear programming’s classical problem can not be applied in full. That is why today, it is essential to solving issues related to the development and improvement of methods and models of venture risk analysis, assessing the attractiveness of innovative projects, and forming a creative portfolio by a venture company. The participation of venture investors in the capital ofstartups is attractive for several reasons: the presence of venture funds in shareholders tells partners and potential employees that the audit of the company means that the business is transparent and the funds risked their money in terms of growth prospects; venture capitalists help in management. After all, they have experience supporting and developing similar startups; you can use the fund’s companies’ expertise, for example, in organizing sales or preparing for an IPO. Finally, investor connections open up partnerships with other companies, attracting experienced professionals, such as marketing, commercial, financial, executive director. But experts go only to projects with a clear business structure, and venture funds guarantee its presence. Because venture investors, as mentioned above, have a foundational approach to the companies they finance and are initially focused on leaving the company by selling their stake to a strategic investor, company management, or the stock market, the key to success for them, in our view, is a growth company value.
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Микрина, Валентина, Valentina Mikrina, Дамир Бекяшев, and Damir Bekyashev. "International Legal Protection of Labour Rights of People with Disabilities." Advances in Law Studies 6, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5b8d94e8bdfe11.35389625.
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Restriction or lack of capacity to be engaged in labour activities must not become an encumbrance for efficient employment of people with disabilities. International legal protection of such a vulnerable group should be based on the principles of complete equality of rights and full participation in the life of society. The article deals with the international legal mechanisms of labour rights protection of people with disabilities under the acts passed by the UN and ILO. Ensuring due legal protection of labour rights of people with disabilities in the world of work will facilitate their realization of the right to decent work, which is the main goal of the regulatory activity of the ILO.
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Abbade, Eduardo Botti, and Homero Dewes. "Behavioral and societal drivers of an obesogenic environment worldwide." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-04-2014-0036.
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Purpose – This paper aims to present an ecological study that analyzed the impact of societal and behavioral factors on the obesogenic situation worldwide. The societal variables included urbanization, motorization and educational and economic developments, while the behavioral variables consisted of nutritional intake and insufficient physical activity (IPA). Design/methodology/approach – This investigation was based on official data concerning 99 countries, in the first part of the reference model, and 92 countries, in the second part. The constructs were measured through urban population (per cent), energy/protein/fat supply, expected years of schooling, gross domestic product and gross national income per capita, vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants, average body mass index and IPA level of the populations. Data, obtained through the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, World Bank and United Nations, were analyzed mainly through descriptive, factor and multiple regression analyses. Findings – The results suggested that nutritional supply/intake, IPA and educational-level impact significantly and positively on the obesogenic situation (p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, urbanization significantly affects the IPA (p < 0.01). Evidence also suggested that economic development impacts negatively on obesogenic severity (p < 0.01). Originality/value – Developing economies might face severe obesogenic problems in the future, given their limited access to healthy food and their growing urbanization; thus, nutritional intake should not be seen as the main antecedent of the obesogenic environment. This paper provides comprehensive information to policymakers and researchers interested in the severity of the global obesogenic environment.
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Haworth, Nigel, Stephen Hughes, and Rorden Wilkinson. "The International Labour Standards Regime: A Case Study in Global Regulation." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 11 (November 2005): 1939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37195.
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The World Trade Organisation's (WTO) consistent rejection of proposals for the inclusion of a social clause into its existing rules and regulations has prompted the International Labour Organisation (ILO) to examine alternative ways in which global consensus on the regulation of labour standards can be developed. In this paper we map the failure of the social clause debate by reference to the outcome of successive WTO ministerials and we examine the role of executive leadership and related epistemic activity in the development of the international labour standards regime (ILSR). We conclude that the switch to a focus on a regime of core labour standards provides the most promising platform for progress in labour protection and an influential outcome in placing the ILO at the heart of attempts to integrate social policy into global economic governance.
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Spengler, Dietmar, Supandi Winoto-Morbach, Sarah Kupsch, Christina Vock, Katharina Blöchle, Susanna Frank, Nele Rintz, et al. "Novel therapeutic roles for surfactant-inositols and -phosphatidylglycerols in a neonatal piglet ARDS model: a translational study." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 314, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): L32—L53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00128.2017.
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The biological and immune-protective properties of surfactant-derived phospholipids and phospholipid subfractions in the context of neonatal inflammatory lung disease are widely unknown. Using a porcine neonatal triple-hit acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model (repeated airway lavage, overventilation, and LPS instillation into airways), we assessed whether the supplementation of surfactant (S; poractant alfa) with inositol derivatives [inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate (IP3) or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)] or phosphatidylglycerol subfractions [16:0/18:1-palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) or 18:1/18:1-dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)] would result in improved clinical parameters and sought to characterize changes in key inflammatory pathways behind these improvements. Within 72 h of mechanical ventilation, the oxygenation index (S+IP3, S+PIP2, and S+POPG), the ventilation efficiency index (S+IP3 and S+POPG), the compliance (S+IP3 and S+POPG) and resistance (S+POPG) of the respiratory system, and the extravascular lung water index (S+IP3 and S+POPG) significantly improved compared with S treatment alone. The inositol derivatives (mainly S+IP3) exerted their actions by suppressing acid sphingomyelinase activity and dependent ceramide production, linked with the suppression of the inflammasome nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein-3 (NLRP3)-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)-caspase-1 complex, and the profibrotic response represented by the cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 and IFN-γ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/8, and elastin. In addition, IκB kinase activity was significantly reduced. S+POPG and S+DOPG treatment inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity (MMP-8 and myeloperoxidase) and the production of interleukin-6, maintained alveolar-capillary barrier functions, and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, all of which resulted in reduced pulmonary edema. S+DOPG also limited the profibrotic response. We conclude that highly concentrated inositol derivatives and phosphatidylglycerol subfractions in surfactant preparations mitigate key inflammatory pathways in inflammatory lung disease and that their clinical application may be of interest for future treatment of the acute exudative phase of neonatal ARDS.
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E. B. Inyang, Gabriel, and Odey Stephen Agi. "Evolving a Combative Framework and Strategy for Effective Maritime Counter Piracy Measures in Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 64 (April 25, 2020): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.64.459.467.
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Maritime piracy is a global problem affecting the entire world, particularly, world maritime, which contributes a huge percentage of the logistics in world economy. Being a worldwide problem, it is necessary to develop a counter piracy law for Nigeria, gearing towards both domestic and regional jurisdictions for effective application and enforcement. Sea navigation through ships is the major means of movement of finished goods and raw materials globally. The sea being the heritage of mankind, any activity that negatively affects sea transportation affects the world economy, nay, Nigerian economy. Maritime pirates over the ages have been considered as enemies of humanity. Piracy has been a major problem in all major sea routes worldwide, including the gulf of Guinea. Notwithstanding all the criminal activities of maritime pirates in and around the gulf of Guinea including Nigerian coastal waters, there is no legal framework formulated to accost and punish pirates to curtail their activities. It is quite unfortunate that the international Convention developed by the UNCLOS, 1982, to fight piracy and armed robbery at sea is yet to be domesticated as part of Nigerian municipal law. The various agreements and guidelines churned out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), on this subject are yet to become part of Nigerian policy as recommended to member states of IMO. This article recommends that Section 12 of the Nigerian 1999 Constitution should domesticate these conventions and guidelines as counter piracy law for the country to make the fight against maritime piracy and armed robbery successful.
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Wu, Feng Juan, Guo Yun Li, Lei Du, Yong Xue, Chang Hu Xue, and Yu Ming Wang. "Isolation, Structural Characterization and Cell Proliferation Activity of Abalone Polysaccharide from Different Regions." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1207.
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The polysaccharides were isolated from the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino cultivated from Qingdao and Fujian, and their proliferation activity on HepG2 cell was assessed. The monosaccharide composition of the abalone polysaccharides from Qingdao and Fujian was different, which might be related to their different geographical location and breeding conditions. The proliferation activity of abalone polysaccharide from Qingdao was better than that from Fujian. AAP, AVAP I and AVAP II were further isolated from the abalone polysaccharide from Qingdao, the cell proliferation activity of AVAP I and AVAP II was better than AAP, which might be depended on their monosaccharide composition. Our study would provide preliminary data for the high value utilization of abalone polysaccharides.
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Behrend, Tara, and Richard Landers. "The Wicked Problem of Scholarly Impact." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 10, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2017.63.
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Academics sometimes forget that the purpose of a university is to educate: our students, our local communities, each other, and the world. Although each university is unique in its constituency, all share the charge to generate knowledge for the protection and benefit of the public good. The goal of an academic should be to beneficially impact society, broadly defined, with scholarly activity. As editor and columnist for The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist, one publication highlighted by the focal article, we applaud the efforts of Aguinis et al. (2017) to put forth alternative approaches to defining impact. Like them, we are concerned that many of the measures of “impact” we currently use do not capture this charge.
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Zhao, Xiaosu, Yinuo Wang, Jun Wan, Meng Lv, Lanping Xu, Xiaohui Zhang, and Xiaojun Huang. "Circulating Mir-153 Participates in Occurrence of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease By Down-Regulating Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2428.2428.
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Abstract Background Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is able to catalyze the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of tryptophan, which is the essential amino acid for T cell proliferation. Many previous studies have proved that IDO is able to play important roles in immunosuppression-associated with tumor immunity, autoimmunity and chronic infection. Since donor T cells will be activated, proliferate, differentiate and finally lead to tissue injury, growing research paid more attention to the immunoregulatory role of IDO in the process of aGVHD. Our previous work also demonstrated that plasma IDO level was correlated with the severity of aGVHD. Increased IDO expression would serve as a protective molecular during aGVHD. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of IDO is still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA that negatively regulate gene expression by translational repression or induction of mRNA degradation. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been reported to be the promising biomarkers for various kinds of diseases. We speculated that miRNA that might regulate those GVHD-related molecules/cytokines expression including IDO, and the circulating miRNA that directed at IDO would serve as new potential biomarker for aGVHD. This study is to find the potential regulatory miRNA of IDO and investigate the correlation between plasma miRNA expression and aGVHD. Methods The potential regulatory miRNA for IDO was identified through bioinformatics analysis using TargetScan and Miranda. The regulatory function of target miRNA on IDO protein and gene was confirmed by Western Blot analysis and luciferase assay. Human plasma samples from 70 patients who underwent allo-HSCT from Sep 2012 to Jun 2013 were prospectively collected at +7 day(d), +14d, +21d, +30d, +45d, +60d, +90d and the occurrence of aGVHD from Peking University Institute of Hematology. All patients provided informed consent. This study was approved by the institutional review board at the Peking University Institute of Hematology (Protocol number 2013-42). Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) analysis was performed to examine the miRNA expression of plasma at different time points posttransplant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to determine the optimal cut-off value for predict the occurrence of aGVHD. Results Through bioinformatics analysis, we found the predicted target sites in its 3’UTR binding miRNA-153. The intracellular IDO protein would be reduced when miRNA-153 was transfected into interferon-gamma-treated Hela cells. Surprisingly, the mRNA expression level of IDO was also affected in miRNA-153 transfected cells obviously (P<0.001). In addition, luciferase assay in 293T cells showed that miRNA-153 was able to bind directly to the promoter region of IDO gene and affect its transcription. Luciferase activity dropped around 44% when wild-type construct was co-transfected into 293T cells with miRNA-153 (P=0.009). However, when the potential binding sites were mutated, this phenomenon could not be observed. This indicates that the IDO 3’UTR is normally targeted by endogenous miR-153. Among the 70 patients who underwent allo-HSCT, 35 patients developed into aGVHD and 35 patients did not. A significant difference in miRNA-153 expression levels between the two groups was confirmed at +7d (P<0.001). Furthermore, we used ROC analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Plasma levels of miRNA-153 at day 7 could predict an impending aGVHD with a sensitivity of 38.71% and a specificity of 100%, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.898 (95%CI: 0.821-0.974, P<0.0001). Conclusions Our study suggested that miRNA-153 might participate in occurrence of aGVHD by down regulating IDO and might be a putative target for novel aGVHD therapy. The plasma level of miRNA-153 at +7d after allo-HSCT would be a good biomarker for predicting the occurrence of aGVHD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lipowski, Mariusz, Daniel Krokosz, Ariadna Łada, Miroslav Sližik, and Marcin Pasek. "Sense of Coherence and Connectedness to Nature as Predictors of Motivation for Practicing Karate." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 12, 2019): 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142483.
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Background: Physical activity yields exceptionally positive results when it takes place out in the open air, in contact with nature. Both contact with nature and practicing sport constitute a certain kind of philosophy of life and living by its rules plays a vital role in positive mental health―understood as maintaining a high sense of coherence. Martial arts are examples of sports that are rooted in a philosophy. The goal of this study was to explore the links between a sense of coherence and connectedness to nature in the context of motivations for practicing karate. Methods: A total of 127 practitioners of karate were examined using the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO), the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire, and the Connectedness to Nature Scale. Results: The most important objective for women training karate was a fit, shapely body, and for men the most important objective was physical fitness. Connectedness to nature had the strongest positive relationship with the measure of physical fitness (in both genders). A sense of comprehensibility increased men’s motivational conflict, whereas, in women, this IPAO dimension was positively related to feeling emotionally connected to the natural world. Connectedness to nature was related to motivational conflict positively in women and negatively in men. Feeling emotionally connected to the natural world correlated with a sense of comprehensibility, a sense of manageability, and a sense of meaningfulness. Sense of comprehensibility and sense of meaningfulness tended to increase with age. Conclusions: Understanding both the natural environment and the utility of setting sport-related goals led to increasing one’s efforts on the way to both successes and defeats, and, most of all, overcoming one’s weaknesses.
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Hamid, O., S. D. Chasalow, Z. Tsuchihashi, S. Alaparthy, S. Galbraith, and D. Berman. "Association of baseline and on-study tumor biopsy markers with clinical activity in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 9008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9008.
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9008 Background: Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. Identifying predictive markers may help select advanced melanoma pts most likely to benefit from ipilimumab therapy. Biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment are thought to be more relevant for predicting response than those in the peripheral blood. Methods: We examined tumor biopsy markers in a Phase II study CA184004 (ipilimumab 3 and 10 mg/kg). Ipilimumab was administered every 3 weeks (Q3W) x 4; eligible pts could receive ipilimumab Q12W starting Wk 24. Pre- and post-treatment (Wk 4) tumor biopsies were performed for hematoxylin and eosin analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); immunohistochemistry of FOXP3 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO); and mRNA expression profile analysis. Response was assessed with modified World Health Organization criteria. Associations between tumor biomarkers and clinical activity (complete response, partial response, or stable disease ≥ 24 wks) were assessed. Results: Ipilimumab 3 or 10 mg/kg was administered to 40 and 42 pts, respectively. In tumor biopsies, clinical activity was associated with high expression of FOXP3 (P = 0.014) and IDO (P = 0.012) at baseline and an increase from baseline in TILs (Wk 4) (P = 0.005) ( Table ). Tumor mRNA profiling identified genes with significant changes from baseline in expression, or with baseline expression levels that may be associated with clinical activity. These included various immune response genes and known melanoma antigens. Conclusions: Biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment have been demonstrated to be associated with clinical activity in pts treated with ipilimumab. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Alam, Mahtab, Saima Zameer, Abul Kalam Najmi, Farhan Jalees Ahmad, Syed Sarim Imam, and Mohd Akhtar. "Thymoquinone Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Demonstrated Antidepressant-Like Activity in Rats via Indoleamine 2, 3- Dioxygenase Pathway." Drug Research 70, no. 05 (March 20, 2020): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1131-7793.
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AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has ranked depression the 4th leading cause of disability worldwide. Thymoquinone (TQ), is an active constituent of Nigella sativa having various medicinal properties but has poor solubility and bioavailability. This problem was overcome by developing nanoformulation of TQ. Previously TQ reported good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently TQ’s anti-depressant effect was demonstrated. However, the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of TQ still needs evaluation. Activation of Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), (an enzyme that participates in the tryptophan metabolism), leads to a decrease of serotonin (5-HT) levels. The expression of this enzyme is associated with immune system activation, which has been proposed as a common mechanism that links depression. The present study was performed in stressed animals where hippocampal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF α levels), brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and hippocampal kynurenine (KYN), tryptophan (TRP) and serotonin (5-HT) levels were estimated. Treatment with TQ solid lipid nanoparticles (TQSLN 20 mg/kg p.o) and TQ suspension (20 mg/kg p.o) demonstrated antidepressant-like activity in chronic forced-swim stress model. Further, it reduced the elevated hippocampal IL-6 & TNFα and reversed the increased activity of IDO as measured by ratio of hippocampal KYN/TRP and 5HT/TRP in stressed rats. The results of the present study confirm anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of TQ which may be associated with 5-HT pathway. Thus, the present study offers a newer approach to reduce symptoms of depression using TQSLN. Our results are preliminary, further research is needed for more conclusive view.
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Fakhrina, Zainati, Jono M. Munandar, and Sukiswo Dirdjosuparto. "Evaluasi Implementasi Balanced Scorecard Pada Departemen Manajemen IPB Sebagai Program Studi Berbasis Kinerja." Jurnal Manajemen dan Organisasi 8, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v8i2.19489.
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Department of Management in Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), is one of the academic units in IPB that supports the achievement of IPB’s objective to become a world class university. To support such objective, evaluation is conducted by monitoring activity and performance measurement using Balance Scorecard (BSC) approach. The purpose of this study was to determine priority of perspectives and strategy objectives by using Analytical Network Process (ANP) method, measure quality assessment performance in Department of Management year 2015, establish strategic inisiatives, and to figure Departement of Managements’ strategy map using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Method. The result of this study indicated that the main priorities of the four perspectives had been defined: Research and Academic Excellence perspective, Stakeholders perspective, Internal Business Processes perspective and Capacity Building perspective. Performance measurement resulted that 10 from 24 performance indicators didn’t achieve the target, and set 10 strategic initiatives to support strategy objective target achievement. Strategy mapping using ISM indicated that strategy objective “Lecturers’ and academic staffs’ competency strengthening” was the key element to support other strategy objectives achievement.
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Darlington, Daniel N., Bunyan Teng, Xiaowu Wu, and Andrew P. Cap. "Trauma Leads to a Rise in Intracellular cAMP and Adenylate Cyclase Activity in Rats." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114805.
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Abstract Background: Severe trauma and hemorrhage leads to an acute coagulopathy as exemplified by a decrease in clotting firmness and platelet aggregation. Because platelets contribute 70-80% of clot strength, evaluating the intracellular mechanisms that regulate aggregation in platelets may lead to strategies to mitigate the development of coagulopathy. It is known that platelet aggregation can be inhibited by a rise in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Changes in cAMP/cGMP would necessitate a change in activity of those enzymes that either synthesize (adenylate cyclase/ guanylate cyclase) or breakdown (phosphodiesterases) these 2nd messengers. Objective: Determine if the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP in platelets rise in rats subjected to polytrauma and hemorrhage. And if so, if there is a change in cyclase or phosphodiesterase activity. Methods: Polytrauma was induced in isoflurane anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10 per group) by damage to the small intestines, right and medial lobes of the liver, the right leg skeletal muscle, and by fracturing the right femur. 40% hemorrhage was then performed immediately after trauma. Rats were euthanized at 4hrs. Platelet intracellular intermediates were measured in whole blood before, and 0.5, 1, 2 and 4hrs after trauma. Blood samples were taken before, and 0.5, 2 and 4 hours after trauma. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) was generated by centrifugation of whole blood at 200g for 10min, no brakes. Cyclic AMP, cGMP, AMP and GMP were extracted from 100ul of PRP after adding 1ml of EtOH, 10mM ammonium formate, with 10ug/ml cGMP-Br as an internal control. IP3 and IP1 (metabolic breakdown product of IP3) were extracted from another 100ul PRP by addition of 50% EtOH, 500mM Formic Acid with 10ug/ml ATP-C13 as an internal control. Samples were centrifuged at 20K g for 10min, and supernatant dried. All Samples were brought up in 200ul of 0.1% formic acid for analysis by LC-MS/MS. Cyclase and phosphodiesterases were isolated from 100ul of rat PRP after sonication to lyse cells, centrifugation to release intracellular constituents, and Spin Column (Zeba, ThermoFisher) removal of small molecular weight constituents. Cyclase activity was measured for 15min after addition of either ATP or GTP and measuring cAMP or cGMP with inhibition of PDE activity (IBMX 1uM). Phosphodiesterase was measured by addition of cAMP or cGMP and measuring AMP or GMP. Data was generated by subtracting measurement from control. Results: Trauma and hemorrhage led to a significant rise in the intracellular cAMP and a fall in cGMP. Adenylate cyclase activity in platelets also significantly increase after trauma. However, trauma had no effect on guanylate cyclase activity. Phosphodiesterase activity was elevated after trauma for both conversion of cAMP and cGMP to AMP and GMP, but neither was significant. Conclusion: Trauma and hemorrhage leads to coagulopathy and platelet dysfunction. The platelet dysfunction is likely due to a rise in the intracellular cAMP, but not to cGMP as it fell precipitously after trauma. The rise in cAMP is likely due to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity induced by trauma. Although there was a rise in PDE activity, it was not significant, but may play a role in blunting the rise and cAMP, and contribute to the fall in cGMP. This study was funded by the US Army MRMC and conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act, the implementing of Animal Welfare Regulations, and the principles of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Table Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fitriyah, Isnanik Juni, Sugiyanto Sugiyonto, Erni Yulianti, Novida Pratiwi, Muhammad Fajar Marsuki, Siti Mualifah, and Muhammad Adi Widodo. "Web-Based Instrument Development Workshop as Supporting Materials for Online Learning." Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities 1 (January 30, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v1i.24.
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The development of information and communication technology is currently driving the development of internet networks around the world. This internet can be useful in various fields including education. Education is currently experiencing system changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The learning is carried out online. Therefore, it takes teacher skills in preparing online learning media. Based on this, a web-based instrument development workshop activity was carried out for science teachers in the IPA MGMP of Jombang Regency. The number of participants was 65 science teachers in the IPA MGMP of Jombang Regency. The workshop was held for three days online via the zoom platform. The first two days were the delivery of learning video development materials using the OBS application, google form, quizizz and google classroom then the participants worked independently. The third day was a presentation of the participants' independent work. The workshop participants were enthusiastic about participating in the workshop as seen from the zpost-workshop survey results. This workshop resulted in 60 web-based instrument products and articles on the development of participant instruments.
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Wang, Z., F. Xu, Q. Ye, L. A. Tse, H. Xue, Z. Tan, E. Leslie, N. Owen, and Y. Wang. "Childhood obesity prevention through a community-based cluster randomized controlled physical activity intervention among schools in china: the health legacy project of the 2nd world summer youth olympic Games (YOG-Obesity study)." International Journal of Obesity 42, no. 4 (October 5, 2017): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2017.243.
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Lerner, Jack. "Intellectual Property and Development at WHO and WIPO." American Journal of Law & Medicine 34, no. 2-3 (June 2008): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880803400207.
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Recent activity at major intergovernmental organizations reflects a renewed emphasis on making the international intellectual property system work to foster global health in developing countries. The World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) recently approved a historic “Development Agenda” – a wide-ranging set of reforms that reorients WIPO towards development and reconfigures how the organization makes policy, provides technical assistance, and is administered. Such an initiative may seem natural for the only inter-governmental organization (IGO) that is focused primarily on intellectual property, but such reforms are not restricted to WIPO. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) has launched its own development agenda of sorts – an Intergovernmental Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property (“IGWG”) that is tasked with preparing “a global strategy and plan of action” aimed at “securing an enhanced and sustainable basis for needs-driven, essential health research and development relevant to diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries, proposing clear objectives and priorities for research and development, and estimating funding needs in this area.”
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Kyriakis-Bitzaros, E. D., and S. Nikolaidis. "Estimation of bit-level transition activity in data-paths based on word-level statistics and conditional entropy." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 149, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20020423.
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Zhao, Huichao, Guoqiang Tong, Jiejing Liu, Jing Wang, Hongmei Zhang, Jianying Bai, Lifang Hou, and Zhihong Zhang. "IP3R and RyR channels are involved in traffic-related PM2.5-induced disorders of calcium homeostasis." Toxicology and Industrial Health 35, no. 5 (April 25, 2019): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233719843763.
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Traffic-related PM2.5 can result in immune system damage and diseases; however, the possible mechanism of its effect remains unclear. Calcium (Ca2+) is a critical signaling molecule in a variety of cells. Indeed, Ca2+ is involved in numerous basic functions, including cell growth and death. In this study, Jurkat T cells were used to explore the possible mechanisms of PM2.5-elicited intracellular Ca2+signal responses. The results indicate that PM2.5 could raise the level of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The [Ca2+]i in Jurkat T cells significantly decreased after treatment with heparin as an inhibitor of inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3 R), or procaine as an inhibitor of ryanodine receptors (RyR). The expression of calmodulin (CAM) protein decreased in a time-dependent manner after exposure to PM2.5, whereas the activity of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase seemed to show a slight drop trend after exposure to PM2.5. Our findings demonstrate that PM2.5 stimulation to Jurkat T cells would result in an increase in [Ca2+]i, which is modulated by IP3 R and RyR, as well as CAM.
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Wang, Wei Fu, Cheng Ling Hu, Ming Yi Chang, and Yung Hsu Hsieh. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Sol-Gel Method Derived La Doped TiO2/ITO Photocatalytic Electrodes." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.486.
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La–doped TiO2 thin films were synthesized using TTIP, IPA , Acetic acid ,and La2¬O3 as precursors by sol-gel method and dip-coating method. The different molar raitos of La/Ti ( 0.025,0.050,0.075 and 0.100 ) were supported on ITO glass to product photocatalytic electrodes. The properties of both TiO2/ITO and La- TiO2/ITO photocatalytic electrodes were characterized by FE-SEM,BET and XRD. The FE-SEM and BET analytical results demonstrate that La-TiO2/ITO particles have uniform shape and small size (＜10nm ) compared with TiO2/ITO. Anotherway, the XRD resultes show that when more molar raitos of La/Ti the crystallites become more percent to of rutile. The La-TiO2/ITO photocatalytic electrode with molar raito 0.05 shows the best photocatalysis with mineralization rate after four hours reaction. On this condition, different Acid Yellow 17 initial concentration and UV light intensity have been research. Applied potential 2.0V would effectively increase the decolonization rate under visible light irradiation.
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Azrai, Eka Putri, Ade Suryanda, and Daniar Setyo Rini. "PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN GURU IPA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER BELAJAR MANDIRI SEBAGAI SARANA BELAJAR SISWA." To Maega : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v3i2.313.
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AbstrakPerubahan paradigma dalam pembelajaran merupakan keniscayaan. Perubahan terjadi dalam desain, proses dan dan penilaian dalam pembelajaran. Perubahan menuntut guru mempersiapkan diri dengan berbagai ketrampilan, salah satunya ketrampilan pengembangan sumber belajar. Sumber belajar yang dikembangkan guru tentunya memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan sumber belajar yang sudah tersedia seperti buku paket. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan motivasi, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan guru dalam pengembangan sumber belajar yang dapat digunakan dalam belajar mandiri. Kegiatan pengabdian ini menggunakan metode experiential learning dengan pendekatan participant-centered melalui teknik case study, dan simulasi, dilanjutkan dengan praktek pengembangan sumber belajar dengan pendampingan oleh tim pengabdian pada Masyarakat. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan motivasi, pemahaman dan ketrampilan guru-guru IPA MTs se Kabupaten Bogor dan berhasilnya guru mengembangkan produk sumber belajar yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran.Kata Kunci: experiential learning; keterampilan guru; sumber belajar.AbstractThe change in paradigm in learning is a necessity. Changes occur in the design, process and assessment of learning. Change requires teachers to prepare themselves with various skills, one of which is the development of learning resources. Learning resources developed by teachers certainly have advantages compared to learning resources that are already available such as textbooks. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase the motivation, knowledge and skills of teachers in developing learning resources that can be used in independent learning. This community service uses the experiential learning method with a participant-centered approach through case study techniques, and simulations, followed by the practice of developing learning resources with mentoring by the community service team. The output of this activity is increasing motivation, understanding and skills of MTs IPA teachers in Bogor Regency and the success of teachers in developing learning resource products that are used in learning.Key Word: experiential learning; learning resources; teacher skills.
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Bonilla, Federico, Carlos Minahk, María Teresa Ajmat, Graciela Sánchez Toranzo, and Marta Inés Bühler. "Identification of phospholipase activity in Rhinella arenarum sperm extract capable of inducing oocyte activation." Zygote 22, no. 4 (September 9, 2013): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199413000348.
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SummaryEgg activation, which includes cortical granule exocytosis, resumption and completion of meiosis and pronuclear formation culminates in the first mitotic cleavage. However, the mechanism through which the fertilizing sperm induces this phenomenon is still controversial. We investigated the effect of the microinjection of homologous sperm soluble fractions obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) from reacted sperm (without acrosome) and non-reacted sperm on the activation of Rhinella arenarum oocytes matured in vitro. The FPLC-purified sperm fraction obtained from reacted or non-reacted sperm is able to induce oocyte activation when it is microinjected. This fraction has a 24 kDa protein and showed phospholipase C (PLC) activity in vitro, which was inhibited by D-609 but not by n-butanol or neomycin, suggesting that it is a PLC that is specific for phosphatidylcholine (PC-PLC). The assays conducted using inhibitors of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) indicate that the fraction with biological activity would act mainly through the cADPr (cyclic ADP ribose) pathway. Moreover, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition blocks the activation produced by the same fraction. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that this PC-PLC can be found throughout the sperm head.
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Raffaele, Martin, and Charity Tinofirei. "Men with adult-onset epilepsy: Their experiences of health care provider relationship qualities following neurosurgery." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 26, no. 2 (December 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2020.19.
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AbstractThe success of a lobectomy procedure for adult-onset epileptic seizure (AOES) would depend on the quality of the patient’s relationship with the health care provider. This ethnographic multiple case study explored patient and health professional relationship contexts following surgery for seizure activity reduction treatment. We interviewed five Australian men (aged 34–59) with a history of AOES and neurosurgery regarding the quality of their relationship with health care providers. Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of the data yielded three interrelated relationship themes of Timeliness (promptness of necessary care), Support (availability, understanding, and empathy), and Responsibility (adaptive communication, self-care, and decision-making ownership). Self-directed relationship resourcing enhanced subjective well-being in the patients.
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Müller, N., and M. J. Schwarz. "Anti-inflammatory treatment approaches in major depression." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73796-8.
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Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-a appear to be elevated at least in the peripheral blood of depressed patients. Thus, the activity of the enzyme IDO, which is driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and regulates the tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism may be enhanced in depressed patients through these cytokines. Although IL-6 does not directly act on IDO, its elevated levels in serum may contribute to IDO activation within the CNS by the stimulatory effect on PGE2, which acts as cofactor in the activation of IDO. This fits with a report on the correlation of increased in vitro IL-6 production with decreased tryptophan levels in depressed. Due to the increase of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE2 in some psychiatric patients, antiinflammatory treatment would be expected to show advantagous effects in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors have been evaluated in major depression. We were able to demonstrate a statistically significant therapeutic effect of the COX-2 inhibitor on depressive symptoms in a randomized double blind pilot add-on study using the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in MD. Another randomized double-blind study in fifty depressed patients suffering from MD also showed an statistically significant better outcome of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib plus fluoxetine compared to fluoxetine alone. Additionally, results of the clinical study of celecoxib add-on to sertraline and the effects of this anti-inflammatory therapy approach to inflammatory markers planned by the MOODINFLAME consortium will be presented as far as available. Further on, alternative therapeutic strategies based on immune-modulatory effects will be discussed.
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C., Ezeama Martina, and Enwereji Ezinna E. "Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults treated in Imo State University teaching hospital Orlu local government area, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 6 (November 25, 2019): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195237.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes is the result of complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes epidemic is largely due to unhealthy diet and lifestyles. Dietary composition affects both its development and complications because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signalling, and gene expression. Therefore, replacing saturated fats and trans-fatty acids with unsaturated fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and in reducing the risks of type 2 diabetes. Research has shown that if people with diabetes, together with the health care workers manage diabetes well, that the risk of complications will be greatly reduced or prevented or delayed. This study focused on assessing the prevalence and causes of type 2 diabetes, types of complications patients presented, and the likely preventive interventions given to them in University Teaching Hospital Orlu.Methods: A retrospective study that carried out extensive review of hospital records of adults admitted and treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 2015 to 2017 in University Teaching Hospital was done. The review of the adult patients' records lasted for three working weeks. In the review, summaries of causes of diabetes, types of complications and preventive measures health workers provided to the patients were documented.Results: Finding showed that 79 adults made up of 43(54.4%) males and 36(45.6%) female between 41-77 years were admitted and treated for various causes of type 2 diabetes between 2015 and 2017. Most of the patients treated were civil and public servants. The main cause of diabetes mellitus 51(65%) among the patients studied was physical inactivity due to sedentary work. The common complications presented were hypertension, diabetic ulcer, depression and obesity. Health talks and group counselling were the interventions provided. These interventions concentrated on types of healthy dietary intakes and lifestyles the patients should adopt.Conclusions: Regular and sustained health care services that would emphasize healthy diet and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be provided to all patients treated in this hospital. Therefore, obese diabetic patients should be encouraged to engage in physical exercises so as to maintain healthy body weight which is a cornerstone for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Kusnul, Zauhani. "PREDIKSI INTERAKSI MOLEKUER CAPE DENGAN IL-2, CD25, IL-10, CTLA-4, IDO, TGFβ, and CCL2 DENGAN SOFTWARE DOCKING MOLEKULER." SAINTEKBU 11, no. 1 (February 3, 2019): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32764/saintekbu.v11i1.299.
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The use of herbal medicine as a nutritious ingredient to treat various diseases is still mostly done traditionally based on hereditary information. The development of technology supports the exploration of natural materials as a nutritious material with various scientific evidences. The development of computational and bioinfrmatic technology simulates interactions between various active compounds and target molecules virtually commonly known as molecular docking, a virtual screening based on structure used to predict the interaction of three-dimensional structures of small molecules (compounds) with the target molecular structure. Propolis is a substance produced by bees from resins collected from plants and combined with wax and secretions from bee salivary glands which are rich in various enzymes. In the world of medicine, propolis has been used since time immemorial and until now it has been known that propolis can be a natural medicine with anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, antioxidant and immunomodulatory abilities. Molecular docking between one of the active compounds in propolis, namely caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) with various target molecules such as IL-2, CD25, IL10, TGFβ, CTLA-4, CCL21, and IDO using the DockingServer software provides information that CAPE has inhibitory activity against IL-2, CD25, IL-10, CTLA-4, IDO, TGFβ, and CCL2 so that it has the potential to be further developed as a candidate for immunomodulatory therapy.
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Sari, Sarda, and Suniati Suniati. "Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA dengan Menerapkan Model Word Square Berbantuan Media Papan Lembar Balik pada Peserta Didik Kelas V SDN 3 Palangka Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017." Tunas: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar 3, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/tunas.v3i1.585.
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This study aims to: (1) Describe the science learning activities of the fifth grade students of Palangkaraya SDN-3 in the 2016/2017 Academic Year on the application of the Word Square model Assisted by Media Flip Sheets, (2) Improve science learning outcomes of fifth grade students of SDN-3 Palangka 2016/2017 Academic Year after the application of the Word Square model Assisted by Flip Sheet Media. The type of research used by researchers is Class Action Research (PTK) with research subjects of all fifth-grade students in Palangka Elementary School-3 totaling 32 students. Data collection techniques in this study used observation and tests. Data analysis using qualitative, quantitative data analysis and Mixed Methods. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Activity of fifth grade students of Palangka Elementary School-3 in the 2016/2017 school year in science learning after applying the Word Square learning model Assisted by the Flip Sheet Media Board to be very good, because students are active, enthusiastic, listen to explanations teacher and enthusiastic in following the learning process. The results of the observations of teacher activities on teaching and learning activities carried out by observer I and observer II during the learning process of science in the first cycle average aspects of teacher activity 3.9 in the outstanding category and the universal element of students is 3.67 in the group very good. (2) There is an increase in science learning outcomes by applying the Word Square learning model Assisted Media Flip Sheet Board in class V science subjects at Palangka Elementary School-3 in the academic year 2016/2017. This is indicated by the learning outcomes seen through the class average in the first cycle which is equal to 84.22 and the completeness percentage of students in classical is 100%, from the predetermined provisions namely for KKM of 65 and completeness criteria in traditional 85%. With this, it can be concluded that there is an increase in science learning outcomes after applying the Word Square learning model assisted by the Flip Sheet Media Board.
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Nnamdi Norbert, Jibiri, and Eke Benedict Chukwudi. "Radionuclide contents in yam samples and health risks assessment in Oguta oil producing locality Imo State Nigeria." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 4, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001034.
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Oguta LGA is surrounded by 44 oil wells located around different communities. Preliminary investigations indicated that crude wastes were not properly managed and oil spillage occurred regularly in the LGA. Therefore, assessment of both radionuclide contents in yam matrix and health risks in Oguta was carried out to determine possible radiological health risks associated with improper management of crude wastes, and also evaluate haematological health profile in the LGA for future reference and research. A well calibrated NaI (Tl) detector was deployed for the radiological investigation, and about 5 ml of blood samples were collected from 190 participants each from Oguta and the control LGAs for haematological assessment. Mean activity concentrations due to 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in yam samples from Oguta LGA were 189.99 ± 59.14 Bqkg-1, 23.75 ± 5.69 Bqkg-1 and 30.99 ± 9.51 Bqkg-1, respectively while mean activity concentrations due to natural radionuclides in yam samples from control LGA were 110.40 ± 78.53 Bqkg-1, 10.12 ± 3.34 Bqkg-1 and 18.39 ± 8.74 Bqkg-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, respectively. Committed effective dose equivalent values in Oguta and the control LGAs were 704.95 ± 183.30 μSvy-1 and 403.65 ± 172.19 μSvy-1, respectively which are less than world average value of 1.1 mSvy-1. Crucially, one-way ANOVA at α0.05 has indicated that effects of radiological parameters due to natural radionuclides in yam from Oguta are significantly different from effects of radiological parameters due to natural radionuclides in yam from the control LGA. However, the percentage contributions of natural radiation exposures to incidence of cancer in Oguta and the control LGAs are just 1.7% and 1.4%, respectively, and haematological investigations have shown that overall health of the communities in the study LGAs has not been compromised due to environmental and human factors. Hence, natural radioactivity may have been elevated in Oguta but the concentration levels are not yet alarming. Radiological health risks could result from consistent exposure to those natural radionuclides in the long term.
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Susilawati, Susilawati, and Ardhi Rizal. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Miniatur Pembangkit Energi Listrik." J-ABDIPAMAS (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) 4, no. 2 (October 22, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30734/j-abdipamas.v4i2.597.
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ABSTRACTScience is a lesson that is not just theory, but requires practical activities in the learning process. In this community service activity, the practice of making miniature electric power plants is carried out, for achieving aspects of a scientific learning system are reached, and students know the concept of energy change and the concept of one of the electric energy generators. These community service activities were carried out in two schools, there are MTs Ikhwanul Muslims and SDN Lemah Subur 1. In the implementation of student activities formed into several groups, a group consists of 5-6 students. Before starting to assemble miniature power plants, firstly, we conveyed knowledge about the concept of energy change, the concept of electricity generation in the world and which Indonesia uses in its daily electricity needs, then introduce what tools and materials are used in practice. The next step, we describe physics concept. Then to identify the effoxt of the activity on learning outcomes, the activity begins with the implementation of pretest and ends with posttest. Based ont the evaluation reslults, this activity succeeded in increasing learning outcomes by 32%.Keywords: energy change, power plants, science. ABSTRAKPelajaran IPA adalah pelajaran yang tidak hanya sekedar teori, tetapi membutuhkan kegiatan praktek dalam proses pembelajaran.. Pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan praktek pembuatan miniatur pembangkit energi listrik guna mencapai aspek-aspek dalam sistem pembelajaran saintifik terpenuhi, serta siswa dapat mengetahui konsep perubahan energi serta konsep salah satu pembangkit listrik. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di dua sekolah yaitu, MTs Ikhwanul Muslimin dan SDN Lemah subur 1. Pada pelaksanaan kegiatan siswa dibentuk menjadi beberapa kelompok, satu kelompok terdiri dari 5-6 siswa. Sebelum memulai merakit miniatur pembangkit listrik, terlebih dahulu disampaikan pengetahuan mengenai konsep perubahan energi, konsep pembangkit listrik yang ada di dunia dan yang Indonesia gunakan dalam kebutuhan listrik sehari-hari, kemudian mengenalkan alat dan bahan apa saja yang digunakan dalam praktek. Kegiatan selanjutnya yaitu pemaparan mengenai konsep kerja secara fisika. Kemudian untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kegiatan terhadap hasil belajar, kegiatan diawali dengan pelaksanaan pretest dan diakhiri dengan posttest. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, kegiatan yang dilaksanakan berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik sebesar 32%.Kata kunci: energi, listrik, IPA.
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Haco-Obasi, Faustina Chioma, and Nneka Chinemerem Agim. "Assessment of Knowledge Sharing Patterns among University and Polytechnic Students in Imo State." Asian Journal of Information Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajist-2020.10.1.299.
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Knowledge sharing is the sharing of information with the sole aim of enlightening the target recipient (s) through meaningful exchanges that would produce needed results. Knowledge sharing has become a daily activity among students as they engage in daily face to face and mediated interactions where they collaborate and share ideas, understanding, information, skills and expertise with peers and instructors. It is against this phenomenon that this study sprouted. The study is a comparative investigation of knowledge-sharing patterns among students at Federal University of Technology, Owerri and Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri. The method of research adopted is descriptive and comprised registered undergraduates of both institutions’ libraries as a stratum. A questionnaire was designed and administered to 600 students, 300 from each institution and 290 and 287 retrieved in a usable state from FUTO and FPNO respectively, representing 96% return rate. The findings show an existence of knowledge sharing practice in both institutions and a similarity in the kind of knowledge usually shared. Pattern of sharing knowledge is different and peculiar to the nature of each institution. Whilst FUTO students share knowledge through group assignments, whatsapp and interactive sessions, FPNO students share through tutorial classes, reading groups and group assignments. The study revealed the hindrances to knowledge sharing in each institution and students’ suggestions of facilitating the practice for improved learning. Though hindrances to knowledge sharing revealed in the study may be considered peculiar to the institutions covered, they albeit represent relevant ideas which management of any institution can manipulate to enhance knowledge sharing in their institutions.
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Lepak, Alexander J., Karen Marchillo, Jaimie VanHecker, and David R. Andes. "Posaconazole Pharmacodynamic Target Determination against Wild-Type andCyp51Mutant Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in anIn VivoModel of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 1 (November 12, 2012): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01279-12.
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ABSTRACTInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a devastating disease of immunocompromised patients. Pharmacodynamic (PD) examination of antifungal drug therapy in IPA is one strategy that may improve outcomes. The current study explored the PD target of posaconazole in an immunocompromised murine model of IPA against 10A. fumigatusisolates, including 4Cyp51wild-type isolates and 6 isolates carryingCyp51mutations conferring azole resistance. The posaconazole MIC range was 0.25 to 8 mg/liter. Following infection, mice were given 0.156 to 160 mg/kg of body weight of oral posaconazole daily for 7 days. Efficacy was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of lung homogenate and survival. At the start of therapy, mice had 5.59 ± 0.19 log10Aspergillusconidial equivalents (CE)/ml of lung homogenate, which increased to 7.11 ± 0.29 log10CE/ml of lung homogenate in untreated animals. The infection was uniformly lethal prior to the study endpoint in control mice. A Hill-type dose response function was used to model the relationship between posaconazole free drug area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC and qPCR lung burden. The static dose range was 1.09 to 51.9 mg/kg/24 h. The free drug AUC/MIC PD target was 1.09 ± 0.63 for the group of strains. The 1-log kill free drug AUC/MIC was 2.07 ± 1.02. The PD target was not significantly different for the wild-type and mutant organism groups. Mortality mirrored qPCR results, with the greatest improvement in survival noted at the same dosing regimens that produced static or cidal activity. Consideration of human pharmacokinetic data and the current static dose PD target would predict a clinical MIC threshold of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/liter.
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Sharkey, James T., Casey Cable, and James Olcese. "Melatonin Sensitizes Human Myometrial Cells to Oxytocin in a Protein Kinase Cα/Extracellularly Regulated Kinase-Dependent Manner." Molecular Endocrinology 24, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.24.5.9996.
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abstract Context: Studies have shown that labor occurs primarily in the night/morning hours. Recently, we identified the human myometrium as a target for melatonin (MEL), the neuroendocrine output signal coding for circadian night. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the signaling pathway underlying the effects of MEL on contractility and the contractile machinery in immortalized human myometrial cells. Design: To ascertain the signaling pathway of MEL leading to its effects on myometrial contractility in vitro, we performed gel retraction assays with cells exposed to iodo-MEL (I-MEL) with or without oxytocin and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. I-MEL effects on inositol trisphosphate (IP3)/diacylglycerol (DAG)/protein kinase C (PKC) signaling were also investigated. Additionally, we assayed for caldesmon phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation. Results: I-MEL was found to activate PKCα via the phospholipase C/IP3/DAG signaling pathway, which was confirmed by PKC enzyme assay. I-MEL did not affect myosin light chain phosphatase activity, and its effects on contractility were insensitive to Rho kinase inhibition. I-MEL did increase phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and caldesmon, which was inhibited by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 or the PKC inhibitor C1. Conclusions: MEL sensitizes myometrial cells to subsequent procontractile signals in vitro through activation of the phospholipase C/IP3/DAG signaling pathway, resulting in specific activation of PKCα and ERK1/2, thereby phosphorylating caldesmon, which increases actin availability for myosin binding and cross-bridging. In vivo, this sensitization would provide a mechanism for the increased nocturnal uterine contractility and labor that has been observed in late-term human pregnancy.
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Silverman-Gavrila, Lorelei B., and Roger R. Lew. "Calcium gradient dependence of Neurospora crassa hyphal growth." Microbiology 149, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 2475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26302-0.
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A tip-high cytoplasmic calcium gradient has been identified as a requirement for hyphal growth in the fungus Neurospora crassa. The Ca2+ gradient is less steep compared to wall vesicle, wall incorporation and vesicular Ca2+ gradients, but this can be explained by Ca2+ diffusion. Analysis of the relation between the rate of hyphal growth and the spatial distribution of tip-localized calcium indicates that hyphal growth rates depend upon the tip-localized calcium concentration. It is not the steepness of the calcium gradient, but tip-localized calcium and the difference in tip-localized calcium versus subapical calcium concentration which correlate closely with hyphal growth rate. A minimal concentration difference between the apex and subapical region of 30 nM is required for growth to occur. The calcium concentration dependence of growth may relate directly to biochemical functions of calcium in hyphal extension, such as vesicle fusion and enzyme activation during cellular expansion. Initiation of tip growth may rely upon random Ca2+ motions causing localized regions of elevated calcium. Continued hyphal expansion may activate a stretch-activated phospholipase C which would increase tip-localized inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Hyphal expansion, induced by mild hypoosmotic treatment, does increase diacylglycerol, the other product of phospholipase C activity. This is consistent with evidence that IP3-activated Ca2+ channels generate and maintain the tip-high calcium gradient.
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Utami Handayani, Naniek, Agus Tri Wibowo, and Diana Puspita Sari. "Assesing the Electronic Service Quality using E-S-Qual and Importance Performance Analysis Combined Method." SHS Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184901014.
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Internet is an integral part of any service provider activity which serve millions of users with variety of needs throughout the world. The function of internet is widely used and adapted by companies providing services in the form of business transactions, electronically or by means of e - commerce. The quality of service provided is vital to each company’s success. This case study was conducted in one of the biggest companies engaged in Indonesia’s online shopping business: LAZADA. Assessing the quality of electronic services provided by LAZADA using a combination of E - S - Qual and IPA methods to know the quality of services provided by LAZADA and how customer perceive LAZADA’s service. The result of this study procured E - S - Qual value as 2.5 out of a scale of 5, which shows that a lot of things can still be explored by LAZADA in providing services for the customers. Perceptions or expectations of the customers that have not been fulfilled in LAZADA’s service delivery are: appropriate duration of delivery, the certainty of the number of goods ready for shipment, and out of stock items.
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Asdiana, Asdiana. "HIGH ORDER THINKING PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA MELALUI TEKNIK MAKE- A MATCH DI SEKOLAH DASAR." Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpd.062.02.
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To the effect this research is subject to be know make's tech implement a. match to increase high thinking's order student on natural sciences learning about living thing fitting material. Executed research at Tana Tidung's Regency Elementary School, with subjek student research brazes 5 total one 32 students. This research constitute action research by use of model kemmis and McTaggart, one that is done in two cycles. Each cycle consisting of planning phase, performing, watch, and reflection. Process data collecting via essays high thinking's order in write, and non essays as result of tech performing observation make a. match, utilizing activity observation sheet learns and student, field note and documentation result. Result observationaling to point out marks sense peingkatan high thinking's order student on natural sciences learning, notably about living thing fitting, by applying tech make a. match. It proved by point essays high thinking's order student on i. cycle which is 56% complete student, worked up on cycle II. up to 84% complete student. Activity learns and student accord this tech steps up to 100% (mastery learning) at the early cycle II.
Key word: Make's tech a. match, high orders thinking on adjusted natural sciences learning living thing, action research.
Abstrak:Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan teknik make- a match untuk meningkatkan high order thinking siswa pada pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam tentang materi penyesuaian makhluk hidup.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Tana Tidung, dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas 5 yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan dengan menggunakan model Kemmis dan McTaggart, yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Proses pengumpulan data melalui tes high order thinking secara tertulis, dan non tes berupa hasil observasi pelaksanaan teknik make- a match, menggunakan lembar observasi kegiatan guru dan siswa, catatan lapangan dan hasil dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peingkatan high order thinking siswa pada pembelajaran IPA, khususnya tentang penyesuaian makhluk hidup, dengan menerapkan teknik make- a match. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai tes high order thinking siswa pada siklus I yaitu 56% siswa yang tuntas, meningkat pada siklus II mencapai 84% siswa yang tuntas. Kegiatan guru dan siswa sesuai langkah-langkah teknik ini mencapai 100% (mastery learning) pada akhir siklus II.
Kata kunci: Teknik make-a match, high order thinking, natural science, penelitian tindakan.
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Kurnia Vilmala, Berry, Afdhil Hafid, and Defrizal Hamka. "Optimalisasi Leadership dan Sarana Belajar Sebagai Pilar Pendidikan Sekolah Alam Melalui Inisiasi Outbound di Sekolah Alam Rumbai Pekanbaru." Jurnal Pengabdian UntukMu NegeRI 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jpumri.v4i1.1647.
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One of the shortcomings in the implementation of education in schools is the lack of a forum that can facilitate student leadership which is integrated with learning in the Classroom. In general, Leadership is carried out in extracurricular activities in schools. The implementation of Leadership training has limited time in its implementation and is felt to be less than optimal. Leadership is separate from student learning activities. UMRI has experts in the field of Science (IPA) and Education under the auspices of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education and the field of Technology Design under the auspices of the Faculty of Computer Science who can contribute their knowledge to the Leadership optimization program and the means of learning together with nature through outbound initiation at the Rumbai Nature School. The main activity that would be carried out in this program is to design and create an integrated outbound facility with the Natural Joint Learning facilities in the Sekolah Alam Rumbai environment. The output that is expected to be generated from this activity is the availability of integrated outbound facilities to support Leadership through outbound and scientific logic through Student Learning Together Nature can be optimized.