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Journal articles on the topic 'World politics, 1919-'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Painter, Corinne. "Women in Politics and the Public Sphere: Munich 1918/1919." European History Quarterly 54, no. 2 (2024): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914241236651.

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Women have never been passive bystanders to the history being made around them and they have always found ways to contribute to shaping their world. Munich in 1918/1919 provides a useful site to examine women's experiences and roles due to the long-standing involvement of women in the peace movement and welfare work, as well as the foundation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic after the First World War. However, Munich in the early years of the Weimar Republic is most commonly associated with Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, an attempt by right-wing men to seize political power. Moreover,

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2

Khishigt, N., L. V. Kuras, and B. D. Tsybenov. "Autonomous Mongolia and Revolutionary Russia: On the Policy of Soviet Russia Towards Mongolia in 1917–1920 (To the 100th Anniversary of the Mongolian Revolution of 1921)." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 37 (2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.37.76.

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The article is devoted to the evolution of the policy of the Soviet Russia on the issue of Mongolia. The period under study begins with the attempts of Soviet Russia to establish relations with Mongolia in 1917–1918. The authors analyzed in detail the revolutionary aspect of Russian politics in Mongolia. In particular, the article studied the activities of the Section of Eastern Peoples of the Siberian Bureau of the RCP (b) and its structural unit – the Mongol- Tibetan department in 1919–1920. The Communist International in 1919–1920 gave preference to the development of the revolutionary move

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Booth, Ken. "International Relations: The Story So Far." International Relations 33, no. 2 (2019): 358–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117819851261.

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‘The Story So Far’ is the conclusion of the first centenary Special Issue of the journal International Relations. The issue marks 100 years since the birth of the academic discipline of International Relations (IR), whose institutional moment was the endowment establishing the Department of International Politics at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, at the end of 1918, and its subsequent opening in April 1919. The collection of articles marking this unique event consists of reflections by a group of leading scholars on themes of continuity and change at the international level of w

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La Botz, Dan. "American “Slackers” in the Mexican Revolution: International Proletarian Politics in the Midst of a National Revolution." Americas 62, no. 04 (2006): 563–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500069868.

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In the spring of 1917, shortly after the United States entered World War I and adopted universal, male, military conscription, American war resisters and draft dodgers known at the time as “the slackers” began to arrive in Mexico. Senator Albert Bacon Fall claimed there were 30,000 slackers hiding out in Mexico, and slacker Linn A.E. Gale agreed with him. When American adventurer, reporter and writer Harry L. Foster passed through Mexico City in 1919, he noted that there were hundreds of Americans, many of them slackers, loitering in the city’s parks and plazas.

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La Botz, Dan. "American “Slackers” in the Mexican Revolution: International Proletarian Politics in the Midst of a National Revolution." Americas 62, no. 4 (2006): 563–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2006.0081.

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In the spring of 1917, shortly after the United States entered World War I and adopted universal, male, military conscription, American war resisters and draft dodgers known at the time as “the slackers” began to arrive in Mexico. Senator Albert Bacon Fall claimed there were 30,000 slackers hiding out in Mexico, and slacker Linn A.E. Gale agreed with him. When American adventurer, reporter and writer Harry L. Foster passed through Mexico City in 1919, he noted that there were hundreds of Americans, many of them slackers, loitering in the city’s parks and plazas.

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6

Seton-Watson, Christopher. "1919 and the persistence of nationalist aspirations." Review of International Studies 15, no. 4 (1989): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112720.

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‘The characteristic feature of the crisis of the twenty years between 1919 and 1939 was the abrupt descent from the visionary hopes of the first decade to the grim despair of the second, from a Utopia which took little account of reality to a reality from which every element of Utopia was rigorously excluded… The Utopia of 1919 was hollow and without substance,’ So wrote E. H. Carr in the conclusion to his Twenty Years Crisis, which he sent to the press in the middle of July 1939. Fifty years later one cannot but agree with him that the peace settlement of 1919 ‘failed’: Hitler, Mussolini and

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Gorfinkel, Lauren. "Book review: Shanghai’s Dancing World: Cabaret Culture and Urban Politics, 1919–1954." China Information 26, no. 1 (2012): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x11436072c.

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8

Weingart, Peter. "Politics of heredity — Germany 1900–1940, a brief overview." Genome 31, no. 2 (1989): 896–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-158.

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The paper gives a brief overview of the main stages of development of eugenics and race hygiene in Germany between 1900 and 1940. Two main stages can be differentiated: one, the formation of the eugenics movement and its development parallel to quantitative population policy before and after World War I, and the second beginning toward the end of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) when the financial crisis of the public health system favored eugenic schemes implemented by an authoritarian government, such as the Nazi regime.Key words: eugenics, race hygiene, Germany, quantitative population polic

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9

Artamoshin, S. V., A. V. Sagimbaev, and A. V. Fedin. "HALFORD MACKINDER AND THE GEOGRAPHICAL FORMATION OF POLITICS IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 08, no. 03 (2024): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2024-08-03-07-12.

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The article attempts to analyze the process of intellectual design of geopolitical thought, which in the early twentieth century, when on the eve of the Great War an attempt was made to form a geographical certainty of foreign policy strategy. The study is based on the understanding of the geographical axis of history, carried out by the British geographer H. Mackinder, who was one of the founders of British geopolitics. His approach involved identifying key geographical regions of the world that influenced the vectors of European politics in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. At this stage

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Thompson, Helen. "The External Realm and Domestic Politics in Territory and Power in the United Kingdom." Government and Opposition 45, no. 3 (2010): 386–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01318.x.

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AbstractThis article addresses Jim Bulpitt's innovative approach to conceptualizing the relationship between the external realm and domestic politics in Territory and Power in the United Kingdom. The first part draws out the argument that Bulpitt made about the relationship between the external world and domestic politics to explain the historical development of the UK's territorial politics. In doing so, it fleshes out Bulpitt's own account. It also adds empirical detail and integrates arguments from his later work on the Thatcher governments into his analysis of where the UK's territorial po

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Wünsche, Isabel. "New World remakes, Cold-War politics, and the legacy of the Bauhaus." Peripeti 20, no. 38 (2023): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v20i38.136794.

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This essay explores the ways in which Cold War cultural politics have shaped the legacy, reception, and discourse on the historic Bauhaus art school, focusing on American-German relations after 1945 and the role played by former Bauhäuslers, who had emigrated to the United States in the 1930s, in recording and then reinstating the historical narrative of this art school. A closer look at the narratives and omissions concerning the Bauhaus’ ideas, ideals, and practices will help to shed more light onto the question, why, up to this day, the focus remains on the Bauhaus under Walter Gropius betw

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Sibul, Karin. "SYMBOLIC CAPITAL AND DIPLOMATIC INTERPRETING IN THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA (1918–1940)." Vertimo studijos 7, no. 7 (2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2014.7.10528.

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This article aims to expand on our knowledge of interpreting and interpreters in the early years of the Republic of Estonia’s creation of symbolic capital (1918–1940). The authors’ point of departure is the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of symbolic capital. She has researched the evolution in interpreting in Estonia during three phases (1918–1940, 1944–1991 and 1991 to the present day) and, although the article is limited to diplomatic interpreting and the growth of the newly independent Republic of Estonia’s symbolic capital via interpreting in diplomatic intercourse, it rep

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Borchert, Jens. "From Politik als Beruf to Politics as a Vocation." Contributions to the History of Concepts 3, no. 1 (2007): 42–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/180793207x209075.

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Max Weber's 1919 lecture Politik als Beruf is still considered a classical text in the social sciences. The reception of the text in the Anglo-Saxon world has been profoundly shaped by the translation provided by Hans H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, first appearing in 1946. Their Politics as a Vocation is more than a vivid transposition of Weber's rather peculiar German rhetoric—it is rendered in a way that suggests a certain interpretation and makes others highly improbable. The present article traces the reception of Weber's text back to certain decisions made by the translators after World Wa

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Sushko, Aleksey V., and Dmitrii I. Petin. "Conversion of the Czechs to Orthodoxy in Omsk: Spirituality, Ideology, Everyday Life: 1916–19." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2022): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-597-610.

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The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of mass organized adoption of Orthodoxy by the Czechs previously professing Catholicism, who stayed in Omsk during the First World War as prisoners of war. It cites the factors that jointly influenced, at first, mass group conversion of the Czechs to Orthodoxy in 1916–17, and later their indifference to the common Slavic idea and prompted their nationalism and “political egoism” during the Civil War in Russia. The study is based on the analysis of a complex of sources that have not yet been introduced into scientific use. These are the reco

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Cojoc, Mariana, and Marian Cojoc. "Unele aspecte privind propaganda bolșevică prin presa românească interbelică (1919–1939)." Arhivele Olteniei 36 (December 23, 2022): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/ao.36.29.

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The creation of the Third Communist International (March 2-6, 1919) intensified the process of disseminating anti-national "theses" aimed at the stability and integrity of Europe at the end of the First World War. For Romania, the provinces "pursued" in the communist propaganda act were Transylvania, Basarabia, Bucovina, and Dobrogea. From this point of view, significant, along with the archive documents, are numerous articles published in the press of the time. Thus publications such as "Socialismul", "Înainte", "Scânteia" played an essential role in supporting Bolshevik politics in the inter

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Donátková, Zuzana. "Futurismus a fašismus." Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy 12, no. 2 (2021): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/historica.2021.12.0009.

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The article maps the relationship between the Italian Futurist movement and fascism from a general perspective. It deals with the relationship between the leader of Futurism F. T. Marinetti and Benito Mussolini from the beginning of their cooperation in 1915 to the end of the Second World War. Throughout its era, Futurism identified itself with Italy’s social and political climate. Futurism was one of the ideological sources for fascism and it was one of the movements that formed Fasci di Combattimento in 1919. But after Mussolini came to power, fascist cultural politics aesthetically preferre

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KARAKUŞ, Girayalp. "MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK'S RELATIONS WITH WESTERN COUNTRIES DURING AND AFTER THE NATIONAL STRUGGLE (1919- 1938)." Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication 13, no. 1 (2023): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456//11301100/004.

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Although the first thing that makes Mustafa Kemal Atatürk valuable is his military achievements, the pro-active policies he followed in the statesmanship process are also of great importance. In particular, the Young Republic, acting with the principle of "Peace at Home, Peace in the World", has reached a respected position in world politics with the successful policies followed by Atatürk. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, one of the founding leaders of Turkey, was interested in politics from his young age. He knew that being a strong state required a successful foreign policy. That's why he succeeded i

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18

Ziino, Bart. "Bodies of war: World War I and the politics of commemoration in America, 1919–1933." First World War Studies 4, no. 2 (2013): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2013.840435.

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19

Burri, Michael. "Austrian Festival Missions after 1918: The Vienna Music Festival and the Long Shadow of Salzburg." Austrian History Yearbook 47 (April 2016): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237816000114.

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Rising from the ruins of a post-1918 Austria shed of its monarchical leadership and much of its former territory, the Salzburg Festival acquired a symbolic authority during the First Austrian Republic that continues to ensure its privileged place in Austrian politics and culture to this day. At the core of this privileged place are two signature legacies that, while grounded in the festival's prewar history, fortified a particular agenda of the Second Austrian Republic in defining Austrian history and national identity in the decades following World War II. The first, as expressed in 1919 by t

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20

Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 1)." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-11.

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The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict. The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualizati

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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 2)." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-10.

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The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict. The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualizati

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22

Spanu, Maja. "The hierarchical society: the politics of self-determination and the constitution of new states after 1919." European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 2 (2019): 372–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119866496.

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International Relations scholarship disconnects the history of the so-called expansion of international society from the presence of hierarchies within it. In contrast, this article argues that these developments may in fact be premised on hierarchical arrangements whereby new states are subject to international tutelage as the price of acceptance to international society. It shows that hierarchies within international society are deeply entrenched with the politics of self-determination as international society expands. I substantiate this argument with primary and secondary material on the M

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HIDVÉGI, MÁRIA. "Crises and Responses: Government Policies and the Machine-Building Cartels in Hungary, 1919–1949." Enterprise & Society 20, no. 1 (2019): 89–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.4.

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What impact have government policies had on the private sector’s response to economic crises, in particular on its decisions for restructuring and adaptation? The Hungarian machine-building industry from 1919 to 1949 provides an interesting case study for these interrelations between business and politics. The study focuses on the role of cartels in organizing responses to crises. The case study is based on a survey of the cartel agreements and investigates why cartels provided solutions only to short-term crises, if they provided solutions at all. The hypothesis is that government policies pl

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Zhurzhenko, Tatiana. "The border as pain and remedy: commemorating the Polish – Ukrainian conflict of 1918-1919 in Lviv and Przemyśl." Nationalities Papers 42, no. 2 (2014): 242–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2013.801416.

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The fight for Lwów/Lviv in 1918 was the first military conflict in the difficult twentieth-century history of Polish–Ukrainian relations. In the inter-war period, an impressive military memorial, the Eaglets Cemetery, was constructed in Lwów to honor the young defenders of the city. A monument to the Eaglets was also erected in the neighboring Przemyśl. In inter-war Poland, the Ukrainians, who had lost their cause for state independence, created their own cult of national heroes, the Sich Riflemen. Their graves in Lwów and Przemyśl, as well as in many smaller towns, became sites of public comm

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Rosenfeld, Gavriel D. "Monuments and the Politics of Memory: Commemorating Kurt Eisner and the Bavarian Revolutions of 1918–1919 in Postwar Munich." Central European History 30, no. 2 (1997): 221–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900014035.

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Given the turbulent nature of recent German history, studies of postwar German memory understandably have focused upon the issue of Vergangenheitsbewältigung—the difficult process of “coming to terms” with the historical experience of the Third Reich and the Second World War. This topic's magnitude has rightly inspired considerable scholarly attention but, at the same time, it has also had the unintended effect of overshadowing other German struggles with memory. In recent years, however, this state of affairs has begun to change. As the epochal events of 1989–90 have forced Germans to confron

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Li, Ning. "Analysis of the Global Literary Significance of Foreign Novel Translations in Late Qing China." Critical Survey 36, no. 3 (2024): 29–47. https://doi.org/10.3167/cs.2024.360304.

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Abstract This article explores Lin Shu's (1852–1924) translations of foreign novels, known as ‘novels translated by Lin Shu’ (1899–1919), highlighting their contribution to the world literature of Late Qing China. Lin's translations, classified into emotional romance, adventure and mystery, and critical realism, showcase a unique blend of poetic style, ethical reflection and political commentary. By examining the textual nuances of ‘novels translated by Lin Shu’, the study reveals Lin's significant role in intercultural communication and the global literary sphere. It argues that Lin's transla

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27

Maderspacher, Alois. "The National Archives of Cameroon in Yaoundé and Buea." History in Africa 36 (2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0009.

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Even in learned journals on African and imperial history, few references have been made to the records contained in the archives in Cameroon, West Africa. Kamerun was a German colony (Schutzgebiet) from 1884-1916/19. In 1911, the Germans took over New Cameroon (Neu Kamerun), 295,000 km2 of land of French Equatorial Africa, ceded during the second Morocco Crisis. After World War I this transaction was reversed and the German colony was separated into French and British League of Nations Mandates in 1919. These mandates were transformed into United Nations Trusteeships in 1946. Finally, French C

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Dorsey, Mark. "The U.F.O. and the broadening-out controversy: crisis of farmer identity in a changing world." SURG Journal 2, no. 1 (2008): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v2i1.797.

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This essay explores the subject of farmer identity in Ontario during the United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) administration, 1919-1923. Although a wealth of scholarly attention has been given to the UFO, the focus has conventionally only been on the politics of the group. This particular paper seeks to address a gap in the historiography of the UFO by trying to determine the extent to which farmer identity was experiencing change during the UFO’s administration. Using a variety of primary source materials, this paper takes an in-depth look at how farmers saw themselves and how they were viewed by

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Daunton, Martin. "BRITAIN AND GLOBALISATION SINCE 1850: II. THE RISE OF INSULAR CAPITALISM, 1914–1939." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 17 (December 2007): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440107000515.

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AbstractAt the end of the First World War, the British government attempted to return to the pre-war policy trade-off of fixed exchanges rates on the gold standard, capital mobility and free trade, which entailed a sacrifice of domestic monetary policy. But the attempt proved difficult between 1919 and 1931 when the pursuit of international economic polices was constrained by a growing concern for their domestic economic and political repercussions. In the 1930s, a new policy trade-off emerged: managed exchange rates, capital controls and protectionism, with a greater concern for domestic mone

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Jacobs, Nicholas F., and Sidney M. Milkis. "Extraordinary Isolation? Woodrow Wilson and the Civil Rights Movement." Studies in American Political Development 31, no. 2 (2017): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x1700013x.

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This article explores the contentious and dynamic relationship between Woodrow Wilson and a nascent, diverse civil rights movement from 1912 to 1919. The pivotal relationship between Wilson and the early civil rights movement emerged out of two concurrent and related political developments: the increasing centrality of presidential administration in the constitutional order and the growing national aspirations of political strategies and goals among reform activists. Not only do we illustrate an early form of social movement politics that was largely antithetical to the administration's object

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de Laat, Sonya. "In Then Out of the Frame." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 3, no. 2 (2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.061.

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From June 1918 to April 1919, the American social photographer Lewis Hine made photographs of refugees in Europe. Refugees emerged as an unexpectedly humanitarian subject during World War I. Care for them was part of the American Red Cross’ (ARC) overall war relief activities, which Hine was hired to visually record. In this paper, I present the way in which refugees went from being framed in the ARC’s mass-circulated popular Red Cross Magazine as unique, innocent, idealized war-affected civilians to eventually being visually displaced in a shifting humanitarian landscape. For refugees who wer

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Mohammed, Hassan Obaid. "Hitler's Domestic Politics 1935--1945." international Jordanian journal for humanities and social since 1, no. 1 (2019): Pages : 112–123. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636356.

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<strong>Abstract </strong>       The historical scene throughout the ages witnessed important events and events, events and facts created by personalities. These figures played a role in moving the historical theater. These figures are Adolf Hitler, the German-Austrian leader who left his historical mark through the events he participated in. On the historical stage. The impact of Adolf Hitler in the reality of Germany, especially the European reality in general, it is not easy to summarize the circumstances that led to that dangerous change in Germany and its directio

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Deshwal, Mukesh. "Spirit of Nationalism in Mahatma Gandhi's Political Philosophy & Relevance in the Modern World." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (2025): 391–407. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.103.57.

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All of us know that the political influence of Gandhi ji in Indian politics and freedom movement remained one of the key determinants during 1917-1947, which is known as the Gandhian era of Indian freedom struggle against British Colonialism. Most of the scholars agree still today that Mahatma Gandhi made a substantial and crucial contribution to Indian ‘Nationalism.’ Actually, the idea of nationalism in his political spirit was born out of his experience of remaining and working strongly against the colonial discrimination with natives of the country as well as people residing from abroad inc

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Gowa, Joanne, and Raymond Hicks. "Politics, Institutions, and Trade: Lessons of the Interwar Era." International Organization 67, no. 3 (2013): 439–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818313000118.

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AbstractRecent studies cast doubt on the value added of international trade agreements and institutions. Using a new data set that consists of about 35,000 observations on the trade of fifty-four nations between 1919 and 1938, we examine whether this skepticism also applies to the infamous interwar trade blocs. Traditional historical accounts attribute to them a large drop in international trade and a rise in the political tensions that would later erupt in World War II. In this study, we show that no bloc raised trade among its members as a whole or decreased trade between members and nonmemb

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Weitz, Eric D. "Weimar Germany and its Histories." Central European History 43, no. 4 (2010): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910000713.

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Years later, after the catastrophes of the Third Reich and World War II, Arnold Zweig remembered how he had returned home from another disaster, World War I. “With what hopes had we come back from the war!” he wrote. Zweig recalled not just the catastrophe of total war, but also the élan of revolution. Like a demon, he threw himself into politics, then into his writing. “I have big works, wild works, great well-formed, monumental works in my head!,” he wrote to his friend Helene Weyl in April 1919. “I want to write! Everything that I have done up until now is just a preamble.” And it was not t

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Thompson, Graeme. "Reframing Canada’s Great War: Liberalism, sovereignty, and the British Empire c. 1860s–1919." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 73, no. 1 (2018): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702018765936.

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This article examines how Canadian Liberals understood Canada’s international relations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, situating their political thought within the British imperial world and their views of the Great War in a broader historical context. It argues that while Liberals regarded Canadian participation in the war as an affirmation of nationhood, they nonetheless conceived of Canada as a “British nation” and an integral part of a British imperial community in international politics. The article further illuminates the growth of an autonomous Canadian foreign po

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Cordell, Karl. "Politics and Society in Upper Silesia Today: The German Minority Since 1945." Nationalities Papers 24, no. 2 (1996): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408441.

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In 1919, Polish nationalist forces led by Josef Pilsudski succeeded in re-establishing an independent Polish state. Poland had disappeared from the map of Europe in 1794 following the third partition. It had been devoured by its traditional enemies; Prussia, Austria and Russia. Historically, Poland had been a state without fixed borders, and via a combination of changing dynastic alliances and a pattern of eastward migration, from the twelfth century formerly Slav areas east of the rivers Oder and Neisse became progressively germanicized. By 1921, following the end of World War I, several peac

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Szépe, György. "The Position of Hungarians in Romania and Slovakia in 1996*." Nationalities Papers 27, no. 1 (1999): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009059999109190.

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The official language of the medieval Kingdom of Hungaria was Latin until the mid-nineteenth century (Szekfű, 1926); the throne was occupied from the second half of the sixteenth century by the Hapsburgs. The subsequent change to Hungarian was due to several factors, but was caused above all by the ideas of the French Revolution, and by the early anti-Austrian nationalistic endeavors of the Hungarian gentry, endeavors which also expressed the economic interests of the country. As soon as the official idiom of the kingdom became Hungarian, it triggered similar aspirations among the non-Magyar m

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Klimiuk, Zbigniew. "Ekonomista z Podola. Jerzy Zdziechowski – życiorys, poglądy oraz działalność publiczna." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 13, no. 2 (2023): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.8450.

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Zdziechowski Jerzy (1880–1975) was a politician, economist and economic activist. In the years 1917–1918 he was a member of the Polish Council of the Inter-Party Union in Russia and a co-organizer of the Polish Corps in Russia. In 1919, he was one of the main participants in the failed coup d’etat attempting to overthrow the government of Jędrzej Moraczewski. In the years 1922–1927, he was a member of the Sejm from the Popular National Union. In the years 1925–1926, he was the Minister of the Treasury in the government of A. Skrzyński. He developed the economic and financial program for stabil

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POULIOT, VINCENT, and JEAN-PHILIPPE THÉRIEN. "The politics of inclusion: Changing patterns in the governance of international security." Review of International Studies 41, no. 2 (2014): 211–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210514000175.

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AbstractThe debate on the reform of the Security Council can be conceptualised as the most recent episode in the evolution of World Governing Councils (WGCs), that is, the highest-level intergovernmental bodies charged with regulating the international use of violence. Building on a historical comparison of key formative and transformative moments – 1815, 1919, 1945, and post-Cold War – we argue that the modern evolution of WGCs is characterised by increasing inclusiveness. More specifically, we show that the number of participants involved in deliberations has constantly risen; that legitimat

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Nosov, Mikhail. "The World in the XXI Century: the Dilemmas of Polarity." Contemporary Europe 105, no. 5 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope520210518.

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COVID-19 pandemic started one century after Spanish flu epidemic that killed about 40 million people. It ended as unexpectedly as it began, and was followed by the Paris Conference of 1919, which gave start to the Versailles system, planned as a new system of eternal peace, but collapsed 20 years later. The same happened with the Yalta system at the end of XX centure. Today, the configuration of the world is in the process of changes. The USSR disappeared from the political map of the world, and new world centers appeared with different views on global politics. The interests of the United Sta

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Bakic, Dragan. "Regent Alexander Karadjordjevic in the First World War." Balcanica, no. 48 (2017): 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1748191b.

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This paper analyses the role played by Regent Alexander Karadjordjevic in Serbia?s politics and military effort during the First World War. He assumed the position of an heir-apparent somewhat suddenly in 1909, and then regency, after a political crisis that made his father King Peter I transfer his royal powers to Prince Alexander just days before the outbreak of the war. At the age of twenty-six, Alexander was going to lead his people and army through unprecedented horrors. The young Regent proved to be a proper soldier, who suffered personally, along with his troops, the agonising retreat t

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Nenezić, Maruška. "PROSLAVE UJEDINJENJA SRBA, HRVATA I SLOVENACA U KOTORU 1919. GODINE." Arheon : časopis Arhiva Vojvodine 7, no. 7 (2024): 215–29. https://doi.org/10.46793/arheon7.215n.

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The Bay of Kotor is a jewel of world cultural heritage, an area where history is alive in numerous buildings and the traditions of a specific mentality, known for its historical wealth and heritage. In the Historical Archives of Kotor, a treasure trove of precious documents is preserved—testimonies from several centuries past, from which we gain insight into many significant moments that have marked the history of this region. In this context, the period following the unification of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, a century ago, is particularly interesting, as it is synthesized in writings and di

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Burrows, Jon. "‘Certificated Operators’ versus ‘Handle-Turners’: The British Film Industry's First Trade Union." Journal of British Cinema and Television 15, no. 1 (2018): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2018.0403.

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This article examines the history of the British film industry's first trade union: the National Association of Cinematograph Operators (NACO), an organisation for projectionists established in 1907. The deterioration in pay and working conditions experienced by projectionists following the advent of permanent cinemas is outlined, but, contrary to prevailing wisdom, it is pointed out that NACO was not actually formed in response to these developments. NACO pre-dated the growth of fixed-site film exhibition venues and the reasons behind its inception are explained in relation to the politics of

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Bodin, Helena. "Konstantinopel kring 1900 som litterär värld." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 48, no. 1-2 (2018): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v48i1-2.7609.

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Constantinople around 1900 as a Literary World. A Cultural Semiotic Analysis of Scandinavian Examples Constantinople, today’s Istanbul, was in the early 20th century a multiethnic, multireligious, and multilingual city with a diversity of writing systems. It was also an important and influential hub for international trade and politics, for Europe and the Western world. This essay is part of the research programme World Literatures. Cosmopolitan and Vernacular Dynamics, at Stockholm University. It aims to demonstrate how the vernacular (the local) depends on and interacts with the cosmop

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Wielen, Roland. "Germany’s difficulties in becoming a member of the International Astronomical Union." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (2018): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000322.

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AbstractAfter the foundation of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), it took nearly 32 years until Germany became a national member of the IAU. This unfortunate delay was due to both international politics and discussions within Germany (e.g. about the future role of the Astronomische Gesellschaft). The first Statutes of the IAU of 1919 excluded Germany, Austria and other countries from membership for political reasons. When the IAU Statutes were revised in 1931, Germany’s membership was possible, but could not be realized because of financial problems. In the mean time, German astronom

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Weltge, Sigrid Wortmann. "The Gendered World of the Bauhaus: The Politics of Power at the Weimar Republic's Premier Art Institute, 1919-1932. Anja Baumhoff." Studies in the Decorative Arts 12, no. 2 (2005): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/studdecoarts.12.2.40663141.

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Vehesh, Mykola, and Stepan Vidnyanskyj. "Some Aspects of State-Building Processes in Carpathian Ukraine on the Eve of the Second World War." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 29 (November 10, 2020): 201–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2020.29.201.

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Autonomous Subcarpathian Rus’, and subsequently independent Carpathian Ukraine, existed for an extremely short period of time: from October 1938 to the second half of March, 1939. Despite this fact, there was such a rapid development of political events in the country that the attention of the whole world was drawn to Carpathian Ukraine. This also applies to the researchers who, at the end of the 1930s, began to study the history of Carpathian Ukraine. The declaration of independence on March 14, 1939 was explained by the desire of the Ukrainian population of the region for freedom. However, t

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Kennedy, Dane. "Empire Migration in Post-War Reconstruction: The Role of the Oversea Settlement Committee, 1919–1922." Albion 20, no. 3 (1988): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049736.

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World War One and its aftermath restored the empire to a central place in the considerations of Whitehall. Not only did the war open new vistas for imperial ambitions and drive home the benefits to be drawn from the established dominions, notably in terms of manpower and materiel: it also brought into seats of power the likes of Lords Milner and Curzon, men whose careers had been devoted to the maintenance and expansion of Britain's imperial realm. Though their autocratic style ill-suited democratic politics, it did serve the needs of a modern state at war, where all sectors of society were su

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Mironov, Vladimir V. "On the Genesis of Veteran Organisations in Austria in the First Half of the 1920s in the Context of the Official "Politics of Memory"." Central-European Studies 2020, no. 3 (12) (2021): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2020.3.3.

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The veteran movement in the Habsburg monarchy, which was, in the last third of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, the most important pillar of the political system, faced serious difficulties after the 1918 Revolution in Austria. Until the collapse of the ruling coalition of Social Democrats and Christian Socials in 1920, there were insurmountable obstacles to the revival of the “old Austrian” military traditions. Officers’ and veterans’ organizations were firmly associated in the eyes of leftist political forces with the legacy of the “old regime”. The gradual “rehabilitation” of the

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