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Bassani, J. A. "Saving the world for democracy : an historical analysis of America's grand strategy in the 21st century /." Norfolk, Va. : Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA436658.
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Thesis (M.S. in Joint Campaign Planning and Strategy)--Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, 2005.<br>"National Defense Univ Norfolk VA"--DTIC cover. "13 May 05." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available via the Internet.
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Parker, Arah M. "Race and Inequality in Cuban Tourism During the 21st Century." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/194.
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As the largest island in the Caribbean, Cuba boasts beautiful scenery, as well as a rich and diverse culture. Yet, throughout Cuban history, the beauty of this famous socialist nation has been marred by social inequalities, primarily affecting class, gender, and race. In the Cuban tourism sector in particular, the three aforementioned components have been prevalent since the island’s inception of tourism in the early 20th Century. With the recent political changes marked by the attempt to restore relations with the United States, this thesis will critically analyze the theories of Black Marxism, Intersectionality, and World Systems Analysis (WSA), to explain how racism has affected the overall quality of life for Afro-Cubans. In addition, the theories applied to Cuban tourism also cause the tourist sector to be racialized in the 21st Century. Furthermore, this thesis will analyze how Cuban tourism is maintained from a Socialist perspective, as well demonstrate that the tourism advertisements in the 21st Century are greatly racialized, depicting Afro-Cubans in the mode of servitude to the tourist. In addition, it will reveal that gender also plays a significant role in the way Afro-Cubans are perceived by society. This thesis will conclude with how the WSA theory can be hypothetically applied to the recent changes in U.S. policy, promoting greater interaction with Cuba and American tourism, after more than five decades of travel ban.
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Silove, Nina. "Do great powers plan grand strategies? : the effects of strategic plans on the formation of grand strategy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711731.
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Kavaker, Vahap. "Quo Vadis NATO? collective defense, collective security, and the Euro-Atlantic realm in the second decade of the 21st century." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FKavaker.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p.73-80). Also available online.
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Mecum, Mark M. "Solving Alliance Cohesion: NATO Cohesion After the Cold War." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180549294.
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Marx, Andrew Morne. "Increasing soft power - a case study of South Africa's bid to host the FIFA 2010 World Cup." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16386.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study attempts to determine if South Africa was actively attempting to boost its
soft power or symbolic power during the country’s bid to host the Fifa 2010 World
Cup. Preceding works dealing with mega-events identified a number of potential
benefits to the hosting nation. Some of these benefits include opportunities for
development (sport and socio-economic), nation building, urban regeneration, and
marketing. Previous works have focused a great deal on economic and nation
building aspects of mega-events. The marketing possibility for a host to develop as a
tourist destination has also enjoyed some focus.
There also exists a large amount of literature dealing with power – its nature,
resources and types. There is for instance structural and relational power while, in the
traditional sense, wealth and military might may be seen as power resources.
However, the importance and maintenance of soft power – or symbolic or co-optive
power, as defined in this study – has been greatly overshadowed by the traditional
ideas of power and as a result, neglected by International Relations scholars.
This study links the marketing potential of mega-events with the deployment of soft
power. The case study specifically deals with South Africa’s World Cup bid as a
marketing forum for enhancing the country’s soft power. For such an analysis it is
necessary to investigate South Africa’s diplomatic status, global position, relationship
with the North and South, and power resources. The importance of soft power being
essential to South Africa’s specific situation, global position and future, is also
investigated.
Using the bid for the 2010 World Cup, this study concludes that South Africa was
indeed projecting specifically chosen images of the country with the intention of
enhancing the country’s soft power. It is furthermore argued that these images are
both a reflection and in support of South Africa’s foreign policy and emerging middle
power position.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om vas te stel of Suid Afrika doelgerig probeer het om die land se
sagte mag te versterk tydens die Fifa 2010 Wêreldbekerbod. Vorige studies oor
grootskaalse gebeurtenisse meen dat dit sekere potensieële voordele inhou vir die
gasheer. Dit sluit in geleenthede vir ontwikkeling (sport en sosio-ekonomies), nasiebou,
en stedelike herlewing en bemarking. Vorige werke het ook meerendeels
gefokus op die ekonomiese en nasie-bou aspekte van grootskaalse gebeurtenisse. Die
bemarkingsvoordele wat dit inhou vir die gasheer se toerismebedryf is ook gereeld
vehandel.
Daar bestaan ook vele geskrewe werke oor mag. Verskillende bronne van mag is
ondermeer ‘n gewilde onderwerp. Daar is byvoorbeeld strukturele mag en
verhoudings mag. Tradisioneel word militêre en ekonomiese vermoëns gesien as
bronne van mag. Die belangrikheid van sagte mag of simboliese mag, soos dit in
hierdie studie gedefinieër word, is egter tot ‘n groot mate oorskadu deur traditionele
idees van mag. Daardeur het Internasionale Betrekkinge akademici dit ook tot ‘n
mate afgeskeep.
Hierdie studie illustreer die bemarkingspotentiaal wat grootskaalse gebeurtenisse
inhou vir sagte mag. Die gevallestudie handel spesifiek oor Suid Afrika se 2010 bod
as ‘n potentieële bemarkingsforum vir die bevordering van die land se sagte mag. Die
analise het vereis dat Suid Afrika se diplomatieke status, globale posisie, verhouding
met die Noorde en Suide, en bronne van mag behandel word. Die belangrikheid van
sagte mag vir Suid Afrika se toekoms word ook aangespreek.
Die gevolgtrekking is dat Suid Afrika wel gepoog het om sekere gekose beelde na die
buiteland te projekteer. Die spesifieke doel met die beelde was om die land se sagte
mag uit te brei. ‘n Verdere bevinding is dat die beelde gelyktydig Suid Afrika se
buitelandse beleid en ontluikende middel magsposisie gereflekteer het.
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Kokkinos, Stephanie Helen. "China in Africa: The use of soft power and its implications for a global peaceful rise." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20172.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soft power is more relevant now than ever before. In fact, in the current world system
it has become an important element in exercising state power and mapping out
leadership strategies. This assignment attempts to analyse the use of soft power as a
post-Cold War foreign policy strategy on the part of China. Chinese relations with the
African continent are assessed to prove the increasing rate at which China has
expended trade and diplomatic relations in the past two decades, and to determine the
degree to which soft power is contributing to China’s prospects of a harmonious rise
to a position of global power.
China’s foreign policy is ideologically underpinned by nationalism and confucianism.
This stance is based on the need to protect and promote the economic and social
stability of the state, as well as to secure a sound diplomatic identity in the
international arena. For this reason, China has expanded economic interests abroad,
particularly, looking upon Africa as a source of mutual development and investement,
economic cooperation and an enhanced network for trade. This has lead to the growth
of ‘soft’ ties between the Chinese nation and many African states, through the
provision of aid, diplomatic cooperation on policy issues and the sharing of cultural
values and institutional norms. In this way, China has been able to promote the
perception of a peaceful rise to power and make a valuable contribution to the
Chinese goal of constructing a harmonious world.
Concluding a thorough analysis of China’s foreign policy behaviour it is determined
that China-Africa relations are based, at least in part, on soft power, as a means to
gain increased international influence. This is contended by the likeness between the
behaviour advocated by soft power theory and that of Chinese interaction with
African states. Furthermore, this partnership can be understood as a potential global
shift towards multilateralism and the belief in an emerging international order that
organised by regionalised powers that cooperate with each other on international
platforms. The theory of constructivism, particularly its emaphasis on the roles of
ideas, identities and institutions, is a valuable perspective to consider in approaching
this discussion of China as a peacefully emerging global power.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘Sagtemag’ is nou meer relevante vandag as ooit tevore. Dit is inderdaad ‘n
belangrike element in die uitoefening van staat mag en leierskap strategieë in die
huidige wêreld. Hierdie werkstuk poog om die gebruik van sagte mag te ontleed as ‘n
buitelandse beleid strategie op die deel van Sjina sedert die einde van die Koue
Oorlog. Sjinese verhoudings met Arika word geassesseer om te bewys die
toenemende tempo waarteen diplomatieke betrekkinge in die afgelope twee dekades
bestee het, en die graad aan wat sagte mag dra Sjina se vooruitsigte van ‘n
harmonieuse aanleiding tot wêreld mag te bepaal.
Sjina se buitelandse beleid is ideologies ondersteun deur nasionalisme en
Confucianisme. Hierdie standpunt is gebaseer op die behoefte om die ekonomiese
stabiliteit van die staat te beskerm en om ‘n gesonde diplomatieke indentiteit te
verseker op ‘n internasionale vlak. Om hierdie rede het Sjina uigebrei om die
ekonomiese belange in die buiteland, veral op soek op die Afrika-vasteland as ‘n bron
van wedersydse ontwikkeling en belegging, ekonomiese samewerking en ‘n groter
handelsmerk netwerk. Dit het gelei tot die groei van die ‘sagte’ bande tussen Sjina en
baie Afrika-lande, deur die voorsiening van fonds, diplomatieke samewerking oor
beleidskwessies en die deel van kulturele waardes en institusionele norme. Op hierdie
manier het Sjina die persepsie van ‘n vreedsame opkoms by wêreld mag te bevorder
en ‘n waardevolle bydrae tot die Sjinese doel vir ‘n ‘Harmonious World’ te bou.
Die sluiting van ‘n deeglike ontleding van Sjina se buitelandse beleid word bepaal dat
Sjina-Afrika verhoudings is op sagtemag gebou om ‘n verhoogde internaionale
invloed te kry. Dit is aangevoer deur die gelykenis tussen sagtemag teorie en die
gedrag wat bepleit word deur Sjinese interaksie met Afrika-lande. Verder kan hierdie
vennootskap verstaan word as ‘n moontlike globale verskuiwing na multilateralisme
en die potensiële van ‘n nuwe internationale bestel wat gereël is deur regionalisering
magte. Konstruktivisme, veral die teorie se nadruk op die rolle van idees, indentiteite
en instellings, is ook ‘n waardevolle perspektief te oorweeg in die nader van heirdie
bespreking van Sjina as ‘n vreedsame wyse opkomende wêreld mag.
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Ghattas, Micheline Germanos. "The Consolidation of the Consociational Democracy in Lebanon: The Challenges to Democracy in Lebanon." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1415.
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This dissertation looks at democracy in Lebanon, a country that has a pluralistic society with many societal cleavages. The subject of this study is the consolidation of democracy in Lebanon, described by Arend Lijphart as a "consociational democracy". The research question and sub-question posed are:
1- How consolidated is democracy in Lebanon?
2- What are the challenges facing the consolidation of democracy in Lebanon?
The preamble of the 1926 Lebanese Constitution declares the country to be a parliamentary democratic republic. The political regime is a democracy, but one that is not built on the rule of the majority in numbers, since the numbers do not reflect the history of the country and its distinguishing characteristics. The division of power is built on religion, which defies the concept prevailing in western democracies of the separation between church and state. As the internal and the external conditions change, sometimes in a violent manner, the democracy in the country still survives. Today, after the war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990, the Syrian occupation that lasted until 2005, the Israeli war in the summer of 2006, and the roadblocks in the face of the overdue presidential election in 2008, democracy is still struggling to stay alive in the country. There is no denying or ignoring the challenges and the attempts against democracy in Lebanon from 1975 to the present. Even with these challenges, there are some strong elements that let democracy survive all these predicaments. The reasons and events of the 1975-1995 war are still being sorted out and only history will clear that up. Can we say today that the Consociational democracy in Lebanon is consolidated? To answer this question Linz & Stepan's three elements of a consolidated democracy are used as the criteria: the constitution of the land, people's attitude towards democracy and their behavior. The analysis examines the Lebanese Constitution, surveys about people's attitude towards democracy, and reported events about their behavior, such as political demonstrations and political violence narrated in the media. The findings of this study show that although the Lebanese find democracy as being the only game in town, the consolidation of democracy in the country still faces some challenges, both internal and external. The study also shows that the criteria used for western democracies need to be adjusted to apply to a society such as the one in Lebanon: plural, religious and traditional.
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GILIBERTO, FRANCESCA. "Linking Theory with Practice: Assessing the Integration of a 21st Century Approach to Urban Heritage Conservation, Management and Development in the World Heritage Cities of Florence and Edinburgh." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2699491.
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Reconciling heritage conservation and development within the management of historic urban environments is recognised as one of the most challenging issues in the field of heritage conservation and urban management by academics and practioners. Existing urban heritage conservation policies, regulatory frameworks and tools operating around the world proved to be inadequate or insufficient in regulating urban transformations in historic urban environments. The “heritage versus development dilemma” has been a central argument in the 21st international discourse on urban heritage conservation management and development. UNESCO, the United Nations, ICOMOS and the Council of Europe have tried to overcome this persisting dichotomy through the adoption of a series of international texts. The evolution of a 21st century international discourse represents the international recognition that a “new paradigm for urban heritage conservation and management” has gradually taken shape since the beginning of the century. From this moment, urban heritage conservation can be seen as an all-encompassing, integrated urban management strategy, which incorporates the perspectives of urban planning and socio-economic development.
The contemporary approach suggests moving beyond existing regulatory and management frameworks, recommending a revision of local practices so that they are consistent with the key principles of the new paradigm. However, there is still a need to carry out further research in order to understand how existing and consolidated urban management systems currently operate. This is a fundamental step towards effectively implementing the new paradigm into local practices. This interdisciplinary study aims to advance knowledge in the field of urban heritage conservation and management through a detailed assessment of the level of consistency of existing policies with the key principles of the 21st century approach. To the knowledge of the author, this is the first comprehensive and comparative assessment of multi-scalar (at national, regional, provincial and local levels) and multi-sectorial (including heritage conservation, urban planning and socio-economic development) urban management policies that has been carried out so far. To conduct this study, an original assessment framework was developed by the author with the objective of providing a qualitative evaluation tool which was able to link the international theory with local practices.
The thesis focused on the two World Heritage cities of Florence (Italy) and Edinburgh (UK). It systematically demonstrated how some of the key principles of the new paradigm are already integrated into local urban management policies of these two historic urban environments. The study was first conducted by testing the assessment framework on the two case studies. Subsequently, a critical analysis of the two urban management systems was carried out, integrating the assessment results with data collected through semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders involved in the definition and implementation of the assessed policies. Finally, a comparison of Florence and Edinburgh’s approaches to urban heritage conservation, management and development were illustrated and discussed. In this way, it was possible to discuss the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of different urban management systems in incorporating a 21st century international approach. Moreover, the study identified existing similarities and discrepancies between different approaches and to highlight good practices and critical aspects. The research findings constitute a step towards understanding whether a revision of existing policies and tools is necessary and how this could be done. The assessment results could be used by national and local governments to revise their current urban management policies according to the contemporary international approach to urban heritage conservation, management and development.
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Feinman, David Eric. "Divided government and congressional foreign policy a case study of the post-World War II era in American government." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4891.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between the executive and legislative branches of American federal government, during periods within which these two branches are led by different political parties, to discover whether the legislative branch attempts to independently legislate and enact foreign policy by using "the power of the purse" to either appropriate in support of or refuse to appropriate in opposition to military engagement abroad. The methodology for this research includes the analysis and comparison of certain variables, including public opinion, budgetary constraints, and the relative majority of the party that holds power in one or both chambers, and the ways these variables may impact the behavior of the legislative branch in this regard. It also includes the analysis of appropriations requests made by the legislative branch for funding military engagement in rejection of requests from the executive branch for all military engagements that occurred during periods of divided government from 1946 through 2009.<br>ID: 029809199; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-112).<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>Political Science<br>Sciences
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Shkolnik, Kevin C. "Did 9/11 Really Change Everything? Combating terrorism in a changed world." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1208869830.
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Brown, David E. 1975. "World dynamics in the 21st century." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10197.
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Dunn, Ashley S. "Beadabees: Performing Black Hair Politics in the 21st Century." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437487935.
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Sensenig, Kent Davis. "A communitarian church for the 21st century." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Daniel, Bethany Rae. "Defining Critical Thinking for the 21st Century World Language Classroom." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4288.
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Critical thinking has long been recognized as a valuable skill, both in education in general and within the world language teaching field specifically. In recent years, critical thinking has been identified as one of the 21st century skills that students need to succeed in modern society (Partnership, 2009). However, there is no clear, unifying definition of the term itself (Paul, 2004), and the definition of critical thinking is debated in many different fields without support from empirical data (Kuhn, 1999). Similarly, critical thinking has been often discussed in the literature as having great potential to facilitate language learning, and particularly to develop language proficiency (Gaskaree, Mashhady & Dousti, 2010; Heining-Boynton & Heining-Boynton, 1992; Hoch & Hart, 1991; Rojas, 2001; Williams, Lively & Harper, 1994). However, this discussion has not been centered around a single, clear definition or been supported by empirical research. This study attempts to fill these gaps by exploring how currently practicing world language teachers define the term critical thinking. Definitions were gathered through a survey of K-16 world language teachers from across the United States and through interviews with individual beginning level German instructors at a large, private university in the western United States. Findings revealed three primary ways in which teachers define critical thinking: first, by identifying characteristics of critical thinking; second, by discussing the thought processes and skills used in the action of critical thinking; and third, by describing the topics about which critical thinking takes place, either on the micro-level, dealing with language itself, or on the macro-level, dealing with real-world issues and themes. Based on these three areas of definition, several pedagogical implications were identified. As critical thinking is integrated as a 21st century skill into the world language classroom, the traditional roles of the teacher may need to transform, the content used in the classroom may need to change, and the activities in which students are asked to engage may likewise need to shift. The integration of these pedagogical implications into the world language classroom as a means to facilitate the development of advanced levels of language proficiency is also discussed.
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Baker, Zathan S. "Shifting drug policy: the politics of marijuana in the 21st century." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/41347.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>Medical and recreational marijuana legalization, and public acceptance, is in a rapid state of change across the nation. Currently, there are 20 states along with the District of Colombia that have medical marijuana laws. Each of these state governments has passed legislation on a drug for medical purposes, in which the federal government maintains there was, and still remains, no basis for medical use. Additionally, Colorado and Washington have recently passed laws legalizing recreational marijuana use. These state laws are in conflict with the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) and place marijuana in a simultaneous legal and illegal status. This thesis will examine the history of the war on drugs and the role marijuana has filled in traditional policy. Conflicting state and federal marijuana laws, and various shifting international policies will be addressed in order to better understand the future strategic implications of staying with current policies or shifting to new ones. For the general public and policy makers alike, the most productive path forward is one examines the historical background, acknowledges current domestic and international perspectives, and gives equal weight to research of all possible solutions.
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Regan, Clarissa. "Transforming tales : fairy stories in a contemporary world." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21678.
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Dissertation The research undertaken examines the functions and role of narrative in society, looks at examples of narrative in ceramic art and describes the use of narrative in a series of ceramic sculptures created by the author during 2007, 2008 and 2009. Changes in ceramic form historically are also described, with reference to Greek, Chinese and contemporary ceramic artists including Grayson Perry, Betty Woodman, Rudy Autio and Antje Scharfe. Critic Garth Clark’s concept of the ‘pot as drawing’ is also discussed. Two traditional fairy tales, Hansel and Gretel and Bluebeard are discussed and analyzed for their narrative content, as well as from a Jungian psychological perspective. Theorists Julius Heuscher, Bruno Bettelheim, Sheldon Cashdan, Max Luthi, Marina Warner and Clarissa Pinkola Estes are cited for their insights into the structure of these stories. How these two stories can be usefully understood in contemporary society is also discussed; including the issues raised of commodity and consumer culture, childhood play, containment and captivity and secrecy in institutions and medical settings. These concerns are discussed through the ideas of Jean Baudrillard, John Evans and Jon Goss. Studio Work The studio work consists of a series of ceramic sculptures rethinking the narratives of Hansel and Gretel and Bluebeard in a contemporary world. The three-dimensional clay and mixed media objects examine the ideas of containment, cages, materialism, barriers, and secrecy. My intent was to find metaphoric ways of expressing these complex ideas in a physical form. The objects have been created using the ceramic methods of throwing and slab-building. Research was undertaken into using print-making technologies in ceramic work, with IX new applications of screen-printing technologies on glazed surfaces, porcelain slabs, solar-plate technology and digital decals. The work also explored the development of the ceramic form; the interaction between the use of cut-out figures and the underlying form, the idea of a ‘pot as drawing’ and its further extension as installation.
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Mok, Wai-man Karina, and 莫慧敏. "Planning for Hong Kong: a world city moving into the 21st century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259029.
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Davis, Kevin I. "Urbanization in the third world: implications for ARSOF in the 21st century." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31970.
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The premise of this thesis is that urban warfare, or military operations on urban terrain (MOUT), should gain an increasing amount of attention among military commanders and policy makers as we enter in the 21st Century. This thesis will address urban operations that fall within the realm of conflict and the doctrine and training that prepares ARSOF to operate in this environment.
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Mok, Wai-man Karina. "Planning for Hong Kong : a world city moving into the 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14799844.
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Horrocks, John. "Moderate Islam : a contradiction in terms or a political force for the 21st century? /." St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/149.
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Tung, Ching. "Tourism and Female Empowerment in 21st Century Nepal." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/299.
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My thesis explores the effect of tourism and the opportunities it is providing for Nepalese women who are actively looking for waged, high skilled, high status employment. These jobs include but are not limited to trekking guides, hotel/guesthouse managers, and upper level management positions, both within and outside of the tourism sector. I am focusing on women whose education and skill levels enable them to seek jobs above low skill, low status employment, such as farm workers and low level clerical staff. I am studying the shifts in Nepalese society that enable a specific market to emerge for participation for educated and ambitious women, and if such a shift is happening, whether or not Nepalese women are taking advantage of this opportunity to lead the way toward gender equity.
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Tang, Jie. "The Chinese Grand Canal World Heritage Site : living heritage in the 21st century?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20989/.
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The Chinese Grand Canal, contrived in the late thirteenth century to provide a safe route to the capital Beijing from the south of China for the imperial grain tribute, during the sixteenth century became the main trade artery. This canal consisted of a linear network of linked rivers and lakes, often improved to enable barges to pass and interconnected with sections of canals. In order to pass the undulating topography the watercourses were adapted with sluices of various kinds, and over its existence the main challenge was to negotiate droughts and flooding that often required new courses to be adopted and/or innovative methods in order to preserve water or circumnavigate flood damaged areas. During the twentieth century it had gradually fallen in disuse and became neglected. Yet during the Mao era sections were revived for shipping coal and were re-made sometimes on the course of the old canal, sometimes elsewhere. Other sections were removed and materials quarried for other uses. Remarkably at the same time the concept of the Grand Canal was also celebrated. By the time the Canal was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Register in June 2014 there was little left of the historic fabric. In the years running up to this nomination there had been efforts to re-create some of the heritage, with the government focussing on the canal as a tourist destination. When it was finally inscribed the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) expressed concerns about the state of the original fabric and the ‘modern’ heritage created. However, the state government still holds a rose-tinted view of the various issues relating to the condition of the canal, and the propaganda and economic initiatives by the government have made it very difficult to voice criticisms. As a result canal heritage continues to be treated inappropriately with little respect for the final fragments of original fabric that still survive. This thesis aims to identify the values of the Grand Canal through a critical assessment of its historical development, and surveys the various issues relating to the heritage using the Shandong section as a case study and then explores the appropriateness and effectiveness of the current methodologies and approaches, as to whether the canal meets the criteria as a World Heritage Site; whether perhaps other designations would be more suitable; and that perhaps the canal heritage should form the basis for an alternative development methodology, addressing a new agenda regarding sustainability, climate change and mounting health problems.
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Chang, Kwai-yan. "Will the English language become the single world language in the 21st century?" Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575709.
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Danewid, Ida. "Race, capital, and the politics of solidarity : radical internationalism in the 21st Century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3848/.
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This thesis interrogates the absence of questions of race, colonialism, and their contemporary legacies in the philosophical literature on global justice and cosmopolitan ethics. What are the ethical, political, and material consequences of these "unspeakable things unspoken", and what would it mean for cosmopolitanism to take seriously the problem of the global colour line? The thesis provides a tentative answer to these questions through a close engagement with contemporary debates about the meaning and purpose of international solidarity. It demonstrates that critical and liberal approaches often help reproduce and legitimise, rather than challenge and transcend, the current unjust and unequal racialized global order. Drawing on Cedric Robinson and the literature on racial capitalism, it interrogates how solidarity can be decolonised and reconceived so as to better attend to the materiality of the global colour line. Through a close reading of the European migrant crisis, recent forms of Black-Palestinian solidarity, and the ongoing struggle for decolonisation in South Africa, it identifies an alternative internationalist imaginary that grows out of the solidarities forged in the struggle against imperialism, patriarchy, and racial capitalism. This is a radicalised and decolonised emancipatory project which retrieves the idea of universal history and total critique, but does so without invoking Eurocentric ideas of progress and teleology. In an era of Trump, Brexit, and global fascist resurgence-where the "white working class" frequently is juxtaposed with "immigrants", and identity politics blamed for the demise of the organised Left-such an internationalist vision is urgently needed.
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Babb, Trevor R. "The Christian church as a prophetic voice challenging 21st century American culture /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Berger, Nicholas. "Modelling structural and policy changes in the world wine market into the 21st century." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecmb496.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references. Addresses the question of what an economic model of the world wine market suggests will happen to wine production, consumption, trade and prices in various regions in the early 21st century. A subsidiary issue is what difference would global or European regional wine liberalisation make to that outlook, according to such a model. Accompanying CD-ROM comprises spreadsheet written by Nick Berger, November 2000, for the Windows and Office97 versions of Excel; a seven region world wine model (WWM7) - base version projecting the world wine market 1996-2005 as a non-linear Armington model. System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: IBM compatible computer ; Microsoft Excel 97 or later.
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Colatosti, Sistino Paolo. "Canada World Youth's international development programs, providing youth the skills for the 21st century." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36415.pdf.
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Duce, Cristy Lee. "In love and war : the politics of romance in four 21st-century Pakistani novels." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of English, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3127.
Full textAbstract:
Writers of fiction have long since relied on love, romance, and desire to drive the
plots of their work, yet some postcolonial authors use romance and interpersonal
relationships to illustrate the larger political and social forces that affect their relatively
marginalized experiences in a global context. To illustrate this literary strategy, I have
chosen to discuss four novels written in the twenty-first century by Pakistani authors: Tbe
Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, Trespassing by Uzma Aslam Khan, The
Wasted Vigil by Nadeem Aslam, and Burnt Shadows by Kamila Shamsie. With the
geographical origin of these writers as a common starting place from which to compare
and contrast their perspectives on global politics, their understandings of gender, and
their perceptions of how the public and the private constitute and intersect each other, I
will use postcolonial theory to dissect the treatment of romance in their respective novels.<br>v, 85 leaves ; 29 cm
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HUNT, AMBER MARIE. "PARTY POLITICS AND CHANGING DIPLOMATIC PRIORITIES: JAPAN-SOUTH KOREAN RELATIONS INTO THE 21ST CENTURY." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613080.
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Japan-South Korean relations have been consistently hindered by political and
social reminders regarding their shared history that includes Japan’s violent occupation of
Korea in the 20th century. However, relations had been improving into the 21st century
until now, where positive relations and cooperation appear to be at a standstill regardless
of the expectation that they would have grown closer given current events. This paper
explains the motivations for the lack of a fully realized cooperative relationship between
the two nations using the following explanations: dysfunctional political parties in South
Korea benefits politically from pushing emotional anti-Japan rhetoric to a typically
disaffected voting base; Japan is no longer viewed as being as critical an economic
partner compared to China; and this anti-Japan rhetoric has no substantial pushback or
reaction from the Japanese government and public.
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Bremner, Natalia Katherine. "The politics of popular music and youth culture in 21st-century Mauritius and Réunion." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8985/.
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This thesis examines the politics of popular music and youth culture in two geographically close but socioculturally distinct Indian Ocean islands: Réunion (a French overseas département) and Mauritius (independent from Britain since 1968). Neither island has an indigenous, pre-colonial population: the respective societies have thus formed through successive waves of immigration, including the importation of slaves and indentured workers from Madagascar, Africa, and Asia, resulting in extremely ethnically diverse populations, on both a communal and individual level. The island societies both began the twentieth century as sugar-producing plantation colonies, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, their socioeconomic landscapes had been dramatically transformed: independent Mauritius was proclaimed as an ‘African tiger’ thanks to astute state management of limited resources, and Réunion became a French département d’outre-mer, with living standards now similar to those of metropolitan France. Although both island societies experienced dramatic and rapid transformation, however, modern-day Réunion and Mauritius have come to represent opposing postcolonial experiences. This has resulted in the adoption of opposing approaches to the question of ethnic and racial difference: whereas the Mauritian Constitution officially acknowledges the existence of ethnoreligious ‘communities’, ethnic difference is not officially recognised in Réunion due to colour-blind French Republican policy. The following analysis seeks to show that the study of contemporary popular culture can provide particular insights into the workings of these two creolised, postcolonial societies. Considered here principally through the lens of popular music and youth culture, it will be argued that contemporary Réunionese and Mauritian popular music and youth cultures engage with political and social issues specific to each context. This is discussed in Part II in relation to Kreol language politics, which shows that popular music can be said to work towards changing mentalities still influenced by colonial language prejudices; and in Part III as concerns popular culture’s engagement with discourses of inclusion and exclusion within the national community.
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Lee, Jason Eng Hun. "'All is not Well in the world' : critical cosmopolitanism in twenty-first century fiction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197089.
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This thesis considers how contemporary American and British novels at the turn of the century attempt to conceptualize global human, political, economic and ecological risks through different levels of global connectedness. Taking a theoretical approach, the thesis offers up the notion of critical cosmopolitanism as a form of literary critique that might help to connect the field of literature to current sociological debates about globalization and cosmopolitanism. Critical cosmopolitanism is summarized here as follows: a predisposition towards cosmopolitan ideals but also a self-reflexive awareness of its perceived ideological and narrative shortcomings; a desire to conceive of a planetary self-conscious by maneuvering across and between spatial containers like the nation-state; an attempt to map disjunctive flows of global capital onto various narrative ‘worlds’; a type of narrative reflexivity that is transferred onto the reader.
The thesis comprises of two parts. Part 1 considers how the war on terror discourse problematizes novelists’ attempts to imagine planetary connectedness, and their struggles to imbue their readers with a self-reflexivity as an act of critical cosmopolitanism. Chapter 1 discusses the representational challenges that 9/11 presents to the novelist in terms of historicity, and outlines some of the prevailing metanarratives/counternarratives that are projected by them. Chapter 2 considers how alterity is used to critique or negotiate representations of the terrorist persona in novels by Don DeLillo, John Updike and Mohsin Hamid. Pointing to flaws in their narrative forms, these novelists enable their reader to transcend certain ideological boundaries which are denied to their own protagonists. Chapter 3 considers the interrelationship between terror and the spectacle in novels by Don DeLillo, Jonathan Safran Foer and Ian McEwan, looking at how 9/11’s images are able to project itself across the world but still reduce viewers’ capacity for imagining global connectedness.
Part 2 explores how novelists use a range of postmodern strategies to represent the various connections/dislocations made possible by global capital and how it problematize perceptions of human relationships across the world. Global capital is presented as a fluid dynamic that enables greater connectivity across the globe, but it also poses difficulties in one’s ability to realize a genuine cosmopolitanism against the all-incorporating power of the market. Chapter 4 deals with a variety of attempts in novels by William Gibson and Don DeLillo to cognitively map the relations of capital and consumer culture, and to make these complex global systems more intelligible to the reader. Chapter 5 discusses novels by David Mitchell and Rana Dasgupta that experiment with heterotopic, multi-layered narrative platforms to represent interconnecting but geographically separate ‘worlds’, and their ability to project cosmopolitan ideals across these textual horizons of space and time.<br>published_or_final_version<br>English<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Dach, Toni M. "The World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body and international economic relations in the 21st century." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187704455.
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Dowdy, Michael Wagner-Martin Linda. "From printed page to live hip hop American poetry and politics into the 21st century /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,194.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of English in the Department of English." Discipline: English; Department/School: English.
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Flygare, Sara. "The Cooperative Challenge : Farmer Cooperation and the Politics of Agricultural Modernisation in 21st Century Uganda." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7277.
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Vader, Lyndsey R. "Spaces of Encounter, Repertoires of Engagement: The Politics of Participation in 21st Century Contemporary Performance." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593524572991808.
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Lacouture, Matthew Thomas. "Liberalization, Contention, and Threat: Institutional Determinates of Societal Preferences and the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Morocco." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2130.
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Why do revolutions happen? What role do structures, institutions, and actors play in precipitating (or preventing) them? Finally, What might compel social mobilization against a regime in the face of potentially insurmountable odds? These questions are all fundamentally about state-society (strategic) interactions, and elite and societal preference formation over time. The self-immolation of Muhammad Bouazizi in Sidi Bouzid on December 17, 2010, served as a focal point upon which over twenty years of corrupt, coercive authoritarian rule were focused into a single, unified challenge to the Ben Ali regime. The regime's brutality was publicized via social media activism and satellite television, precipitating mass mobilization across Tunisia and, eventually, throughout the region and beyond. In light of the rapid and unforeseen nature of these events, scholars writing about the causes of the Arab Spring have focused their critiques on scholarship that they felt overemphasized the role of institutions and elite-level actors over 'under the radar' changes within society. This paper essentially agrees with this point of view, but is not content to simply 'throw out' institutionalism. As Timur Kuran (1991) argued in the wake of the unforeseen collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, one cannot understand revolution without understanding the 'true' preferences of social actors. In this way, the inevitability of revolutionary surprises seems a given so long as analysts continue to look from the top-down. Yet, this paper contends that institutions do still matter. They matter because different institutional arrangements incentivize and constrain regime strategies, which, in turn, inform the strategic calculations and preference orderings within society. These two societal variables are determined - in part - by the degree of regime flexibility, and they affect whether, how, and where social actors choose to vent their dissent.
This paper proposes a model for the development of contentious social mobilization under authoritarianism. In order to do so, two models - one game-theoretic, and the other rooted in the contentious politics subfield of political sociology - are synthesized toward elucidating how altered societal preferences affect strategic interactions between the regime and society over time and during acute contentious episodes. The synthesized model is then illustrated through narrative case studies of two North African states that experienced divergent outcomes in the wake of the Arab Spring: Tunisia and Morocco. The limited spaces and institutions for the expression of dissent in Tunisia gradually changed societal preferences over time. In 2010, Tunisians' preferences shifted from various socioeconomic demands and other issue-specific grievances toward a galvanized demand for the fall of the regime. In Morocco, on the other hand, social actors, by and large, continued to prefer limited reforms to a complete upheaval of the political system. This paper contends that this divergence in preferences and therefore outcomes was in part determined by the variation in the two regimes' respective strategic mixes of concessions and/or coercion. To the extent that such strategies and institutions were more flexible - i.e. were more permissive of (limited) political contention and contestation - social movements were less likely to become emboldened against the regime.
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Dupré, Jean-Francois. "The politics of linguistic normalization in 21st century Taiwan : ethnicity, national identity, and the party system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209619.
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The consolidation of Taiwanese identity in recent years has been accompanied by two interrelated paradoxes: a continued language shift from local Taiwanese languages to Mandarin Chinese, and the increasing subordination of the Hoklo majority culture in ethnic policy and public identity discourses. While the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) gradually relaxed its Mandarin-only policy following democratization in the late 1980s, the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) made little change to Taiwan’s language regime during its two-term presidency (2000-2008). Rejecting proposals for the co-officialization of the Hoklo majority language (generally referred to as Taiwanese), the DPP government instead vainly put forward proposals for the recognition of all of Taiwan’s languages (Mandarin, Hoklo, Hakka, as well as the languages of 12 Aboriginal groups) as equal national languages.
What explains the limited success of Taiwanese language normalization and the marginalization of the Hoklo majority culture in the process of Taiwanese identity consolidation? This dissertation tries to answer this question through an analysis of the Taiwanese linguistic normalization movement, with a focus on local language education, standardization, and official recognition. This research is based on extensive fieldwork including in-depth elite interviews, analysis of legislative records and official documents, and quantitative analysis of large-N survey data.
This dissertation is framed as a response to David Laitin’s work on linguistic normalization, which regards language and identity shifts as overlapping phenomena and posits that nationalist leaders have an incentive to promote a shift to local culture so as to create a cultural basis for political autonomy claims. In contrast, this dissertation argues that Taiwan’s counterintuitive ethnolinguistic outcomes are largely attributable to the ethnic structure of the party cleavage, itself based on national identity. In fact, the ethnolinguistic distribution of the electorate across cleavage categories has led parties to adopt distinctive strategies in an attempt to broaden their ethnic support bases. On the one hand, the DPP and KMT have strived to play down their respective de-Sinicization and Sinicization ideologies as well as their Hoklo and Chinese ethnocultural cores, a strategy I refer to as ethnonationalist underbidding. On the other hand, parties have competed to portray themselves as the legitimate protectors of minority interests by promoting Hakka and Aboriginal cultures, a strategy I term minority-oriented outbidding. The concomitant logics of underbidding and outbidding have discouraged parties from appealing to ethnonationalist rhetoric, prompting them to express their antagonistic ideologies of Taiwanese and Chinese nationalism through typically liberal conceptions of language rights. The fact that Taiwanese nationalism has been centred on the democratic institutions of the Republic of China rather than Taiwanese ethnocultural distinctiveness has further legitimated the continuation of Mandarin as common language.
In addition to providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the Taiwanese language normalization movement, this dissertation proposes a reassessment of the relationship between national culture and identity by expounding the fundaments of a simple model of cultural regime creation based on cross-cleavage ethnolinguistic distributions, variables that are largely absent in Laitin’s work.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Politics and Public Administration<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Kharroubi, Safwat. "The foiled state : a critical assessment of western donor aid provision and state-building in Palestine in the post-Oslo period." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678553.
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Shannahan, Christopher James. "'This is the 4th World Calling ...' : towards a 21st century British urban theology of libertion and difference." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522043.
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Willi, Victor Jonathan Amadeus. "The fourth ordeal : a history of the Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt, 1973-2013." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b54c3cfe-14af-4bf7-8e73-fc27e6ab4ce7.
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This thesis is an internal organisational history of the Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt between 1973 and 2013. Based on memoires of Brotherhood leaders, as well as oral history interviews conducted in 2012 and 2013 with different rank-and-file members and dissidents, the thesis situates the life trajectories and personal experiences of these individuals within a larger national and international context. The purpose is to provide a historical account that is able to explain the reasons for the Brotherhood's cataclysmic failure of the summer of 2013. In accounting for the fall, my key argument centres on the internal rivalry between two political factions representing different "schools of thought", or visions, about the kind of organisation the Brotherhood was supposed to be. Representatives of the respective coalitions competed against each other over hegemony and organisational resources, basing their claims on contrasting intellectual traditions, political cultures and organisational values that had co-existed, sometimes uncomfortably, within the ranks of the Society since the times of Hasan al-Banna. The adherents of the "Qutbist" school of thought put forward the idea of a closed, pyramid-shaped and exclusive organisation, while those closer to 'Omar al-Tilmisani's model aspired to a reformed Society that was open to outsiders, and where internal progression was based on meritocracy, transparency and some form of democracy. I argue that it is through the holistic analysis of the complex dynamics between internal organisational politics, the use of ideology, and the personal experiences of key organisational members, that we are best able to grasp the Brotherhood's failed experience in governance in 2013.
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Minter, Lauryn T. "We Wear the Mask: Exploring the Talented Tenth and African American Political Philosophy in 21st Century Politics." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1954.
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Researchers have suggested that Blacks who express linked racial fate are ideologically liberal. Given the prominence of Black philosophical thought and salience of race, I suggest that linked racial fate results in conservative ideology, which exists on a separate ideological dimension than the traditional conservative ideological dimension. This new ideological dimension, referred to as conservatism among Blacks, is vital to understanding Black political thought in the 21st century. Using data from the 1996 National Black Election Study, 2008 National Annenberg Election Study, and focus group data I argue that the conservative ideas espoused by Blacks, specifically members of the Talented Tenth, actually support Black advancement in the same way that Blacks express support for Democratic candidates or ideals as a result of linked racial fate. Moreover, conservatism among Blacks does not result in a specific partisan identification or support for certain candidates; instead, conservatism results in explicit support for policies and ideas that align with the ideas and philosophies of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus M. Garvey. This dissertation fills the gap in the literature that does not utilize Black philosophers, Black political leaders, or college educated Blacks to explain Black political thought and behavior. The study of members of the Talented Tenth provides a framework for understanding how Blacks negotiate various political philosophies, challenging traditional Black American political thought while remaining racially linked to the Black community
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MacLeod, Alexander. "Race and nation in 21st century Malaysia : the production of racialised electoral politics in the Malaysian media." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3540.
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This thesis explores the development of ethnoreligious narratives in the Malaysian media. It shows how, despite rapid structural changes in the twenty-first century, including the arrival of new media, the growth of a nascent civil society movement and the shift towards a two-party electoral system, the government, opposition and media continue to construct and reconstruct essentialist ethnoreligious narratives around and through political discourses and events. This process will be demonstrated through a media analysis of the three most recent general elections (2004, 2008 and 2013). Samples are taken from pro-government newspaper Utusan Malaysia and pro-opposition website Malaysiakini. While the former was founded in 1939, the latter was central to the growth of Malaysia’s new media landscape and can reveal how these forms of identity have operated in the new information age. The thesis will draw upon Fairclough’s model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), an in-depth methodological approach covering textual, discursive and social practices in order to analyse the form and function of journalists’ language and the ways in which it constructs ethnoreligious identities. It will be shown that Malaysia’s general elections provide a crucible through which Malaysian identity is reconfigured and reshaped; a site where journalists and other writers creatively rework racial and national ideas. But it will also bring to light the fragmentation that underlies the application of these ethnoreligious narratives; a process that has resulted in the reproduction of divisive political discourses.
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Prinsloo, Cyril. "African pirates in the 21st century : a comparative analysis of maritime piracy in Somalia and Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20142.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study concerned the piratical attacks occurring along the East and West coasts of Africa. Although maritime piracy along the coasts of Africa is not a new phenomenon, recent upsurges in piratical attacks have attracted a great deal of attention. Despite Nigeria being long considered as the hotspot for piratical activity in Africa, the greatest upsurge of piratical activity has been seen in the areas surrounding Somalia, including the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
The primary objective of this study is to identify the main causes of maritime piracy in Somalia and Nigeria. Also the correlation between state capacity (failed or weak) and the motivations for piracy (greed or grievance) is investigated.
The secondary objectives of this study are to investigate the direct manifestations of piracy, as well as the current counter piracy initiatives. This is done in order to evaluate the successes and failures of current counter-piracy approaches in order to create more viable and successful counter measures.
It is found that historical factors, as well as political, economic, social and environmental factors contribute greatly to the rise of maritime piracy in both Somalia and Nigeria. Furthermore, it has been found that there are numerous direct causes of piracy in these two countries. These differences and similarities have been investigated using a comparative analysis framework.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het betrekking tot die seerowery wat langs die Oos-en Weskus van Afrika plaasvind. Alhoewel seerowery langs die kus van Afrika nie 'n nuwe verskynsel is nie, het die onlangse oplewing van seerower-aanvalle baie aandag geniet in verskeie oorde. Ten spyte daarvan dat Nigerië lank beskou was as die probleem-area vir seerower aktiwiteit in Afrika, word die grootste toename van seerowery in die gebiede rondom Somalië, insluitend die Golf van Aden en die Indiese Oseaan ervaar.
Die primêre doel van hierdie studie is om die oorsake van seerowery in Somalië en Nigerië te identifiseer. Die verband tussen staat-kapasiteit (mislukte of swak) en die motiverings vir seerowery (gierigheid of griewe) word ondersoek.
Die sekondêre doelwitte van hierdie studie is om die direkte manifestasies van seerowery te ondersoek, sowel as die huidige teen-seerower inisiatiewe. Dit word gedoen om die suksesse en mislukkings van die huidige teen-seerower benaderings te evalueer ten einde meer lewensvatbare en suksesvolle teenmaatreels te skep.
Dit is gevind dat historiese faktore, sowel as die politieke-, ekonomiese-, sosiale- en omgewings- faktore baie bydra tot die ontstaan en opbloei van seerowery in Somalië en Nigerië. Dit is gevind dat daar talle direkte oorsake van seerowery in hierdie twee lande is. Hierdie verskille en ooreenkomste is ondersoek met behulp van vergelykende analises.
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Gutkowski, Stacey Elizabeth. "Religious violence, secularism and the British security imaginary, 2001-2009." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608941.
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Mason, Anthony, and n/a. "Australian coverage of the Fiji coups of 1987 and 2000: sources, practice and representation." University of Canberra. Communication, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20090826.144012.
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For many Australians, Fiji is a place of holidays, coups and rugby. The extent to which we
think about this near-neighbour of ours is governed, for most, by what we learn about Fiji
through the media. In normal circumstances, there is not a lot to learn as Fiji rarely appears
in our media. At times of crisis, such as during the 1987 and 2000 coups in Fiji, there is
saturation coverage. At these times, the potential for generating understanding is great. The
reporting of a crisis can encapsulate all the social, political and economic issues which are a
cause or outcome of an event like a coup, elucidating for media consumers the culture, the
history and the social forces involved. In particular, the kinds of sources used and the kinds
of organisations these sources represent, the kinds of themes presented in the reporting, and
the way the journalists go about their work, can have a significant bearing on how an event
like a coup is represented. The reporting of the Fiji coups presented the opportunity to
examine these factors. As such, the aim of this thesis is to understand the role of the media
in building relationships between developed and developing post-colonial nations like
Australia and Fiji.
A content analysis of 419 articles published in three leading broadsheet newspapers, The
Sydney Morning Herald, The Australian and The Canberra Times, examined the basic
characteristics of the articles, with a particular focus on the sources used in these articles.
This analysis revealed that the reports were dominated by elite sources, particularly
representatives of governments, with a high proportion of Australian sources who provided
information from Australia. While alternative sources did appear, they were limited in
number. Women, Indian Fijians and representatives of non-government organisations were
rarely used as sources. There were some variations between the articles from 1987 and those
from 2000, primarily an increase in Indian Fijian sources, but overall the profile of the
sources were similar.
A thematic analysis of the same articles identified and examined the three most prevalent
themes in the coverage. These indicated important aspects of the way the coups were
represented: the way Fiji was represented, the way Australia's responses were represented,
and the way the coup leaders were represented. This analysis found that the way in which
the coups were represented reflected the nature of the relationship between Australia and
Fiji. In 1987, the unexpected nature of the coup meant there was a struggle to re-define how
Fiji should be understood. In 2000, Australia's increased focus on Fiji and the Pacific region
was demonstrated by reports which represented the situation as more complex and uncertain,
demanding more varied responses.
A series of interviews with journalists who travelled to Fiji to cover the coups revealed that
the working conditions for Australian media varied greatly between 1987 and 2000. The
situational factors, particularly those which limited their work, had an impact on the
journalists' ability to access specific kinds of sources and, ultimately, the kinds of themes
which appeared in the stories. The variation between 1987 and 2000 demonstrated that
under different conditions, journalists were able to access a more diverse range of sources
and present more sophisticated perspectives of the coup.
In a cross-cultural situation such as this, the impact of reporting dominated by elite sources
is felt not just in the country being covered, but also in the country where the reporting
appears. It presents a limited representation, which marginalises and downplays the often
complex social, cultural and historical factors which contribute to an event like a coup.
Debate and alternative ways of understanding are limited and the chance to engage more
deeply with a place like Fiji is, by and large, lost.
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Flenady, Liam Joseph. "Composing Contrapuntal Worlds: Developing an Aesthetics and Practice of Counterpoint in the 21st Century." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365379.
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This doctoral project centres on the composition of a series of works for different instrumentations that attempt to answer the question: “What could be an artistically satisfying aesthetics and method of composing music based on rethinking counterpoint beyond its historical forms?” This dissertation functions as a supplement to these compositions. It outlines the rationale and methodology of the project, before detailing the aesthetics of counterpoint that have been developed across the course of this research project. The core chapters then chart the development of my compositional approach by showing how each work relates to four core research themes: 1. Relation of parts—how the compositional logic
structures relations between simultaneous parts; 2. Form—how the form of a work relates to its contrapuntal logic; 3. Scope of world—how individual parts are structured and to what extent the contrapuntal logic involves a homogeneous or heterogeneous aesthetic; and 4. Compositional process—how the contrapuntal logic influences the compositional process itself.
‘<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Queensland Conservatorium<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Adams, Crystal. "Leadership in 21st Century Education Reform: Washington, D.C. and the Case of Michelle Rhee." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/429.
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This thesis will examine Washington, D.C. as a test case for effective education reform with a focus on the leadership of Michelle Rhee, former Chancellor of D.C. Public Schools. Rhee’s leadership is of particular interest because she served in an unusual political and institutional setting in which D.C. Mayor Adrian Fenty gained mayoral control of the school district. This paper examines Rhee's reform efforts with respect to the bureaucratic limitations and institutional confines she faced, as well as the resources she had at her disposal. The results of this test case strengthen the arguments of scholars like Rick Hess and Terry Moe, who assert that the foundational structures of the American public school system are not only outdated but broken. Additionally, Michelle Rhee's struggles as Chancellor legitimize elements of the arguments of education policy expert and historian Diane Ravitch, a strong defender of the traditional structures of the nation’s public school system and their contributions to the country's fundamental democratic principles. This analysis of education reform in Washington, D.C. acknowledges that Rhee achieved numerous small victories over the course of her tenure, but she lacked the capacity to fix larger systemic obstacles on her own.
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Frost, Donald Charles. "Global partnership mission the re-emerging role of the local church in world mission in the 21st century /." Charlotte, NC : Reformed Theological Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.083-0060.
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Yanders, Jacinta. "Remaking with a Twist: Television Reimaginings, Representation, and Identity in the 21st Century." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554810382804506.
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