Relevant bibliographies by topics / World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001"

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Grossman, Robert, and Rachel Yehuda. "Treating Survivors of the World Trade Center Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001." CNS Spectrums 7, no. 8 (August 2002): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018228.

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ABSTRACTAs part of an established traumatic stress research and treatment program located in New York City, we experienced the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center first as New Yorkers, but also as professionals with an interest in both treating the survivors and furthering scientific knowledge regarding the neurobiology and treatment of traumatic stress. This paper gives vignettes of calls to our program and the treatment of World Trade Center terrorist attack survivors.
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Heger, Martin. "Terrorist Attacks Against the Natural Environment: A Phantom or a Real Danger." German Law Journal 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 1066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200018058.

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During the last few decades scholars have discussed various different scenarios of modern terrorism. One of these scenarios –– Islamic motivated terrorism –– came to light with the attacks on the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001. Another scenario discussed involves terrorist attacks against the natural environment as part of so-called “eco-terrorism”. These attacks are either carried out using traditional weapons or the often-discussed “bioterrorism”, where biological weapons are manufactured and misused by terrorists.
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Chan, JTS, WHK Lau, and YF Wu. "Confidence Test for Personal Protective Equipment." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 2002): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490790200900403.

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After the sarin attack in Tokyo Subway in 1995 and terrorist attack in World Trade Center of New York City in 2001, many countries are alerted by the risk of terrorist attack. International experiences show that many victims would arrive at hospital by their own transport. Staff safety is an important issue to be addressed. This study is to determine the skin and respiratory protection of a model of level C personal protective equipment which is currently available in Hong Kong.
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Susilowati, Ida, Nur Rohim Yunus, and Muhammad Sholeh. "United States Intervention Against Terrorism in Iraq." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 5, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v5i1.10372.

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Abstract: Terrorism is a crime committed by a group of people to frighten, terrorize, intimidate a country's government. In the case of the September 11, 2001 terror that occurred at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the United States accused the al-Qaeda group of being behind the attack. Furthermore, the United States attacked Afghanistan and Iraq. America considers the attacks carried out are legitimate because they are carried out to reduce world terrorism crimes. Whereas behind that there is another motive for controlling the oil in the country that it attacked.Keywords: Terrorism, Intervention, United States. Abstrak:Terorisme merupakan kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok orang guna menakuti, meneror, mengintimidasi pemerintahan suatu negara. Dalam kasus teror 11 September 2001 yang terjadi pada World Trade Center dan Pentagon, Amerika Serikat menuduh kelompok al-qaidah di balik serangan tersebut. Selanjutnya Amerika Serikat melakukan penyerangan terhadap Afghanistan dan Iraq. Amerika menganggap serangan yang dilakukan adalah sah karena dilakukan untuk meredam kejahatan terorisme dunia. Padahal di balik itu ada motif lain untuk menguasai minyak yang ada di negara yang diserangnya.Kata Kunci: Terrorisme, Intervensi, Amerika Serikat
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Millette, J. R., R. Boltin, P. Few, and W. Turner. "Microscopical Studies of World Trade Center Disaster Dust Particles." Microscopy Today 11, no. 5 (October 2003): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053220.

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The terrorist attack and collapse of two towers of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City on September 11, 2001 generated tremendous clouds of dust that settled over a wide area. Concern over the potential health effects of breathing this dust made it imperative that the WTC dust be characterized as completely as possible. As part of this characterization, a microscopical examination using several types of microscopes provided key data on the components of the dust. The WTC dust sample that is the primary focus of this report was collected by F.C. Ewing from an outdoor window ledge at 33 Maiden Lane, New York City, NY on October 7, 2001.
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Herman, Daniel B., and Ezra S. Susser. "The World Trade Center attack: mental health needs and treatment implications." International Psychiatry 1, no. 1 (July 2003): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007591.

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On 11 September 2001, the United States suffered the worst terrorist attacks in its history. In New York City, approximately 3000 persons were killed at the World Trade Center, while many thousands fled for their lives. Millions of other city residents observed the burning towers and breathed the acrid smoke that blanketed the city. Compounding the massive physical destruction and loss of life, the psychological impact of these terrifying events on the populace was profound – there were significant increases in mental distress and symptoms of disorder.
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DiMaggio, Charles, Sandro Galea, and Paula A. Madrid. "Population Psychiatric Medication Prescription Rates following a Terrorist Attack." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 6 (December 2007): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000529x.

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AbstractIntroduction:While several population-based studies have documented behavioral health disturbances following terrorist attacks, a number of mental health service utilization analyses present conflicting conclusions.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine if mental health service utilization increased following a terrorist attack by assessing changes in psychoactive drug prescription rates.Methods:The rate of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions was measured among New York State Medicaid enrollees before and after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The association between geographic proximity to the events and changes in the rate of SSRI prescriptions around 11 September 2001 was assessed.Results:From September to December 2001, among individuals residing within three miles of the World Trade Center site, there was an 18.2% increase in the SSRI prescription rate compared to the previous eight-month period (p = 0.0011). While there was a 9.3% increase for non-New York City residents, this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.74).Conclusions:There was a quantifiable increase in the dispensing of psychoactive drugs following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and this effect varied by geographic proximity to the events. These findings build on the growing body of knowledge on the pervasive effects of disasters and terrorist events for population health, and demonstrate the need to include mental and behavioral health as key components of surge capacity and public health response to mass traumas.
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Gosling, Samuel D., and Sanjay Srivastava. "Changes in Perceptions of George W. Bush’s Personality in the Wake of the September 11 2001 World Trade Center Attacks." Acta de Investigación Psicológica 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2011): 486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2011.3.202.

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Using data gathered just before and just after the September 11th terrorist attacks, we examine how perceptions of Bush’s personality changed in the following two weeks. Fifty participants provided ratings of Bush using the California Q-sort at various times before (including immediately before) and after the attacks. At each time interjudge agreement was strong. There was general consistency between the pre- and post-attack assessments, but the common view of Bush shifted in several important ways. Consistent with his soaring popularity, the changes were toward more positive perceptions, even for characteristics unrelated to the attacks. Findings are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms driving the changes in perception. These findings, which are based on careful assessments conducted shortly before the emergence of any hint of what was to come, provide a unique perspective on changes in Bush’s image as they unfolded in the immediate wake of the terrorist attacks.
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Ilchenko, Sergey Nikolaevich. "Live Broadcast of Terrorist Acts as Media Mythology of Show-Civilization." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik33100-108.

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The article surveys the interpretation of September 11th, 2001 in the context of modern media culture development. The author concludes that the broadcasting of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York City and the subsequent tragic events were predetermined by the modern show- civilization in which visualization of any event makes a powerful impact on mass audience.
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Wang, Soon Joo, Jin Tae Choi, and Jeffrey Arnold. "Terrorism in South Korea." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000090x.

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AbstractSouth Korea has experienced >30 suspected terrorism-related events since 1958, including attacks against South Korean citizens in foreign countries. The most common types of terrorism used have included bombings, shootings, hijackings, and kidnappings. Prior to 1990, North Korea was responsible for almost all terrorism-related events inside of South Korea, including multiple assassination attempts on its presidents, regular kidnappings of South Korean fisherman, and several high-profile bombings. Since 1990, most of the terrorist attacks against South Korean citizens have occurred abroad and have been related to the emerging worldwide pattern of terrorism by international terrorist organizations or deranged individuals.The 1988 Seoul Olympic Games provided a major stimulus for South Korea to develop a national emergency response system for terrorism-related events based on the participation of multiple ministries. The 11 September 2001 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks and the 2001 United States of America (US) anthrax letter attacks prompted South Korea to organize a new national system of emergency response for terrorism-related events. The system is based on five divisions for the response to specific types of terrorist events, involving conventional terrorism, bioterrorism, chemical terrorism, radiological terrorism, and cyber-terrorism. No terrorism-related events occurred during the 2002 World Cup and Asian Games held in South Korea. The emergency management of terrorism-related events in South Korea is adapting to the changing risk of terrorism in the new century.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001"

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Minnis, Justine Laurel 1974. "Between remembrance and rebuilding : developing a consensus process for memorialization at the World Trade Center." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68815.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.
"June 2002."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were a national tragedy. Communities across the United States and internationally both directly and indirectly affected by the terrorist attacks are in debate about how to appropriately memorialize such catastrophic events and loss of life. This thesis focuses on the response in New York City to remember and rebuild at the World Trade Center site. This thesis explores spontaneous public responses to the events of September 11th by individuals, victims' families groups and civic organizations that claim a stake in the memorialization and rebuilding of the World Trade Center site. During the first several months following the terrorist strikes, the absence of an inclusive decision-making process for remembrance and rebuilding at the World Trade Center site produced conflicts between stakeholders, particularly victims' families, and New York decision-makers. To illustrate this tension between remembrance and rebuilding, this thesis discusses the "temporary memorial" development in New York City in March 2002 and the PATH train and site rebuilding disagreements that escalated during April 2002. Traditional decision-making processes maintain the public voice at a distance from the decisionmaking powers. Elected and appointed officials arbitrate public voices that are restricted in advisory roles and produce final decisions. As an alternative, consensus building involves a range of stakeholders in decision-making roles. A consensus building process would earn civic endorsement, lead to a durable outcome and would capture this unprecedented opportunity for grieving participants and witnesses to engage in a planning process. The thesis argues that the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, the state-city agency convened by New York Governor George Pataki to oversee development of Lower Manhattan and the WTC site, could convene a consensus building process. The process would provide neutral facilitation and management of stakeholders who select representatives for an open and ongoing dialogue about such contentious issues as sacred ground, rebuilding, memorialization, and economic recovery. A consensus building process is an inclusive conversation that could reach agreement on a plan of action for the rebuilding and memorialization on the WTC site. This process would recognize the rebuilding of the WTC site as one of the greatest planning projects in New York history. The process would embrace the diversity and number of stakeholders, the destruction and trauma on the site witnessed world-wide and the challenge of achieving agreement on a technically complex site in the center of one of the world's leading financial marketplaces.
by Justine Laurel Minnis.
M.C.P.
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Schwartz, Megan Lindsay. "Emotional intelligence in hypercrisis: A content analysis of World Trade Center leadership response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1368188438.

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Von, Wielligh Jacobus Petrus. "The impact of the attacks on 11 September 2001 on the World Trade Centre on the tourism industry in the Western Cape : a case study /." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=td_cput.

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Moonitz, Allison B. "“An Experience Outside of Culture”: A Taxonomy of 9/11 Adult Fiction." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/247.

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Serving as an unfortunate benchmark for the twenty-first century, 9/11 has completely altered society’s perceptions of personal safety, security and social identity, along with provoking intense emotional reactions. One outlet for these resulting emotions has been through art and literature. Five years have since passed and contemporary authors are still struggling to accurately represent that tragic day and its consequent impression. This paper provides an analysis of how the events of 9/11 have been incorporated into adult fiction. Variations of themes related to psychology, interpersonal relationships, political and social perspectives, and heroism were found to be used most frequently among authors.
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Westcot, Julia Ellen. "The September 11th tragedy: Effects and interventions in the school community." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2271.

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Urban, Jennifer Danielle. "Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in police officers following September 11, 2001." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2474.

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The purpose of this study was to examine what, if any, symptoms of a traumatic stress reaction were still being experienced by police officers, as a result of the events of September 11, 2001, who were geographically distant from the events of that day. Participants included 60 police officers at two southern California law enforcement agencies.
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Claassen, Andrew Robertson. "After the Towers Fell: Musical Responses to 9/11." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/204.

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The tragic and devastating September 11 attacks resulted in a variety of original musical responses. Exemplary works expressed their reactions through overt 9/11-concentric dialogues to express themes of mourning, military retribution, dissent and commemoration. An examination of such works concludes that effective musical responses express a direct message clarified by supporting musical and/or textual materials. Musical materials can accentuate the specific thematic message of the responsive work as they often evoke images and emotions reminiscent of the attacks and their aftermath. Compositional techniques used in these works are often reminiscent of historical works written in similar circumstances. The recurrence of these historical approaches illuminates the timeless compositional design of historical examples and exemplifies modern advancements in music composition and production. A comparison between classical and popular post-9/11 musical compositions concludes that certain classical and popular genres deal with responsive themes more effectively than others. A recommendation for further study is enclosed.
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Olson, Danel. "9/11 Gothic : trauma, mourning, and spectrality in novels from Don DeLillo, Jonathan Safran Foer, Lynne Sharon Schwartz, and Jess Walter." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25276.

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Al Qaeda killings, posttraumatic stress, and the Gothic together triangulate a sizable space in recent American fiction that is still largely uncharted by critics. This thesis maps that shared territory in four novels written between 2005 and 2007 by writers who were born in America, and whose protagonists are the survivors in New York City after the World Trade Center falls. Published in the city of their tragedy and reviewed in its media, the novels surveyed here include Don DeLillo’s _Falling Man_ (2007), Jonathan Safran Foer’s _Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close_ (2005), Lynne Sharon Schwartz’s _The Writing on the Wall_ (2005), and Jess Walter’s _The Zero_ (2006). The thesis issues a challenge to the large number of negative and dismissive reviews of the novels under consideration, making a case that under different criteria, shaped by trauma theory and psychoanalysis, the novels succeed after all in making readers feel what it was to be alive in September 2001, enduring the posttraumatic stress for months and years later. The thesis asserts that 9/11 fiction is too commonly presented in popular journals and scholarly studies as an undifferentiated mass. In the same critical piece a journalist or an academic may evaluate narratives in which unfold a terrorist's point of view, a surviving or a dying New York City victim's perspective, and an outsider's reaction set thousands of miles away from Ground Zero. What this thesis argues for is a separation in study of the fictive strands that meditate on the burning towers, treating the New York City survivor story as a discrete body. Despite their being set in one of the most known cities of the Western world, and the terrorist attack that they depict being the most- watched catastrophe ever experienced in real-time before, these fictions have not yet been critically ordered. Charting the salient reappearing conflicts, unsettling descriptions, protagonist decay, and potent techniques for registering horror that resurface in this New York City 9/11 fiction, this thesis proposes and demonstrates how the peculiar and affecting Gothic tensions in the works can be further understood by trauma theory, a term coined by Cathy Caruth in Unclaimed Experience (1996: 72). Though the thesis concentrates on developments in trauma theory from the mid 1990s to 2015, it also addresses its theoretical antecedents: from the earliest voices in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that linked mental illness to a trauma (Charcot, Janet, Breuer, Freud), to researchers from mid-twentieth century (Adler, Lindemann) who studied how catastrophe affects civilian minds not previously trained to either fight war or withstand cataclysm. Always keeping at the fore the ancient Greek double-meaning of trauma as both unhealing “wound” and “defeat,” the thesis surveys tenets of the trauma theorists from the very first of those who studied the effects on civilian survivors of disaster (of what is still the largest nightclub fire in U.S. history, which replaced front page coverage of World War II for a few days: the Cocoanut Grove blaze in Boston, 1942) up to those theorists writing in 2015. The concepts evolving behind trauma theory, this thesis demonstrates, provide a useful mechanism to discuss the surprising yearnings hiding behind the appearance of doppelgängers, possession ghosts, terrorists as monsters, empty coffins, and visitants that appear to feed on characters’ sorrow, guilt, and loneliness within the novels under discussion. This thesis reappraises the dominant idea in trauma studies of the mid-1990s, namely that trauma victims often cannot fully remember and articulate their physical and psychic wounds. The argument here is that, true to the theories of the Caruthian school, the victims in these novels may not remember and express their trauma completely and in a linear fashion. However, the victims figured in these novels do relate the horrors of their memory to a degree by letting their narration erupt with the unexpectedly Gothic images, tropes, visions, language, and typical contradictions, aporias, lacunae, and paradoxes. The Gothic, one might say, becomes the language in which trauma speaks and articulates itself, albeit not always in the most cogent of signs. One might easily dismiss these fleeting Gothic presences that characters conjure in the fictions under consideration as anomalous apparitions signalling nothing. However, this thesis interrogates these ghostly traces of Gothicism to find what secrets they hold. Working from the insights of psychoanalysis and its post-Freudian re-inventers and challengers, it aims to puzzle out the dimensions of characters’ mourning in its “traumagothic” reading of the texts. Characters’ use of the Gothic becomes their way of remembering, a coded language to the curious. This thesis holds that unexpressed grief and guilt are the large constant in this grouping of novels. Characters’ grief articulation and guilt release, or the desire for symbolic amnesia, take paths that the figures often were suspicious of before 9/11: a return to organized religion, a belief in spirits, a call for vengeance, psychotherapy, substance abuse, splitting with a partner, rampant sex with nearby strangers, torture of suspects, and killing. All the earnest attempts through the above means by the characters to express grief, vent rage, and alleviate survivor guilt do so without noticeable success. True closure towards their trauma is largely a myth. No reliable evidence surfaces from the close reading of the texts that those affected by trauma ever fully recover. However, as this thesis demonstrates, other forms of recompense come from these searches for elusive peace and the nostalgic longing for the America that has been lost to them.
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Carr, Geoffrey Paul. "Rupture, loss, and the performance of masculinity at the World Trade Center : a post-9." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/710.

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Badger, Steven R. "Treatise of world trade center (WTC) dust generated during the september 2001 terrorist attacks on the WTC towers." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1283/index.html.

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Books on the topic "World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001"

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(Firm), DRI-WEFA. Financial impact of the World Trade Center attack. [Albany, N.Y.?: The Committee?, 2002.

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Berloff, Andrea. World Trade Center: [screenplay]. [Calif.?]: Paramount, 2006.

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The World Trade Center. San Diego, CA: ReferencePoint Press, Inc., 2013.

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McCall, H. Carl. After the World Trade center attack: Fiscal uncertainties facing the state and local governments. Albany, N.Y: Office of the State Comptroller, 2001.

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Maurette, Jacqueline. Les héros sacrifiés du World Trade Center. Paris: Jean-Claude Gawsewitch, Éditeur, 2007.

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Beyler, Craig Lynn. World Trade Center rebuttal report. Baltimore, Md. (3610 Commerce Dr., Suite 817, Baltimore): Hughes Associates, 2002.

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(Firm), LZA Technology. September 11, 2001, World Trade Center Disaster: Rebuttal report : World Trade Center, New York, NY. New York, NY (641 Avenue of the Americas, New York): LZA Technology, 2002.

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Fallout: The environmental consequences of the World Trade Center collapse. New York: New Press, 2002.

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Gerrit, Olivier, and Venter Daniel Johannes, eds. 11 September 2001: Strategic implications of the World Trade Centre attack. Pretoria: Protea Book House, 2002.

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Frédéric, Seitz, ed. Le World Trade Center: Une cible monumentale. Paris: Belin-Herscher, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001"

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Rudenstine, Sasha, and Sandro Galea. "Two Models, One Disaster New York City Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Center – September 11, 2001." In The Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Disasters, 133–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0317-3_20.

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Macías-Rojas, Patrisia. "Introduction." In From Deportation to Prison. NYU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479804665.003.0001.

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For many, the punitive turn in immigration stems from the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Although 9/11 linked immigration and national security, this link occurred more in the national imagination than in practice. The day-to-day operations of Border Patrol agents do not involve intercepting terrorists or chemical weapons, nor are border agents apprehending migrants from countries on the “state sponsors of terrorism” or “terrorist safe haven” lists. Despite the rhetorical conflation of immigration with terrorism and national security, what border enforcement looks like in practice is little more than domestic crime control extended to an immigration context. The introductory chapter recounts over a decade of historical and ethnographic research on this new blend of immigration and crime control that began well before the events of September 11.
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"HISTORIC EVENT 7.6 TERRORISTS ATTACK THE WORLD TRADE CENTER AND THE PENTAGON (2001)." In International Human Rights, 243–44. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203726860-67.

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Lebovic, James H. "The Afghanistan War, 2001–?" In Planning to Fail, 119–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190935320.003.0004.

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With the September 11, 2001 attack by al-Qaeda terrorists on the World Trade Center, the Bush administration conceded to decisional bias. It committed to Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan without duly assessing the implications of a Taliban defeat or how it might serve the administration’s “global war on terrorism.” Once engaged, the administration defined the US mission in Afghanistan broadly yet remained detached from harsh realities—including Afghan government corruption and ineptitude, finite alliance resources (in the International Security Assistance Force), and a Taliban resurgence—that hampered the achievement of these goals. The Obama administration capped US involvement in pursuing the limited goal of “reversing” the Taliban’s momentum. Although the administration increased US force levels in Afghanistan, it did so modestly and temporarily and then pursued a troop exit despite the country’s ongoing violence and instability. The administration stuck to its plan, slowing, not reversing, the withdrawal as the country’s security conditions worsened.
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flint, colin. "Dynamic Metageographies of Terrorism : The Spatial Challenges of Religious Terrorism and the “War on Terrorism”." In The Geography of War and Peace. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162080.003.0016.

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Smoke pluming from the towers of the World Trade Center and a mushroom cloud resulting from a “bunker-buster” bomb dropped on a presidential palace of Saddam Hussein: the two related images suggest that the geopolitics of the twenty-first century will be very much about the “shock and awe” of terrorism. Terrorism and counter-terrorism are both geopolitical in that they utilize and attempt to change geographic structures for political ends. By examining the geographic components in definitions of terrorism, we can understand how changes in the geographic scope of terrorist activity are useful in explaining the changing motivations and implications of terrorism. The rise of terrorism motivated by religious ideologies is especially central to questions of how the geography and goals of terrorism are changing. In addition, states, especially the United States of America, have come to define terrorism as a matter of global geopolitics rather than domestic policing. However, a focus upon the geography of counterterrorism suggests that there is a geographic mismatch between the organization of terrorists and the spatial means and goals of governments. In a word, states still rely upon the control of sovereign territory to counter terrorist networks. This too has implications for future conflict. Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, there has been a deluge of essays, analysis, and political punditry, often intertwined or disguised, on the topic of terrorism. The justification of another essay must rest on the possibility of further insight. Academic geography is a perspective rather than a defined subject matter, and I hope to use its key concepts to provide new ways of understanding the motivations behind contemporary terrorist acts, the geopolitics of antiterrorism, and its negative political geographic implications. Specifically, three geographic concepts are integrated into my argument, and I identify the importance of another that others are more qualified to discuss. First, the concept of geohistorical context is useful in identifying the complexities of the temporal and spatial influences upon, and of, terrorism. For example, the attacks of September 11, 2001, were simultaneously of that hour and of the past and present century.
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Hurley-Hanson, Amy E. "The Role of HRIS in Crisis Response Planning." In Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems, 764–69. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-883-3.ch112.

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“On Sept. 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the World Trade Center, killing 2,749 people. The attack resulted in severe economic impact, especially to airlines, and a stock market loss of $1.2 trillion. On December 26, 2004, a tsunami from a 9.1 earthquake overran the shores of many countries along the vast rim of the Indian Ocean. Over 283,000 people died. On August 29, 2005, Katrina, a category-5 hurricane, knocked out electric and communication infrastructure over 90,000 square miles of Louisiana and Mississippi and displaced 1.5 million people.” (Denning, 2006, p. 15). This past decade has been catastrophic, and there are still three more years to go. Many American businesses have not responded to the call for better human resource crisis planning, while a few corporations have risen to the challenge. It is necessary and extremely important for organizations to understand the importance of implementing crucial changes in the organizational structure of businesses, primarily in the human resource sector. The human resource sector is the area most responsible for the safety of personnel and therefore best equipped to foster the communication requirements any crisis will necessarily exact.
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Valentine, Scott. "Wind Power in the United States." In Wind Power Politics and Policy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199862726.003.0009.

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There is a lot of money on the line in America’s energy sector and where there is money, there is politics. In 2011, Exxon reported revenues of US$486 billion and after-tax profits of US$41 billion. Only 27 nations generated more GDP than Exxon generated in revenues. As of 2011, Exxon reported over US$214 billion invested into property, plant, and equipment. In short, there are a lot of sunk costs to defend. In the coal sector, America’s Peabody Energy, which is the world’s largest private sector coal company, posted US$8.077 billion in revenue in 2012. Understandably, America’s energy sector is one of the most hotly contested marketplaces in the world and in this marketplace, fossil fuel interests rule the roost. On the other hand, 9/11 and the ensuing military response have engendered a change in the ideological underpinnings of American energy security efforts. Even conservative factions that have typically supported a free trade energy policy have now begun to talk about the importance of ensuring control over domestic energy security. One study by Oak Ridge National Laboratory estimated that between 1970 and 2004, American dependence on foreign oil has cost the country $5.6–$14.6 trillion. This reflects both the cost of the oil and the direct economic consequences of macroeconomic shocks and transfers of wealth. Another more recent study estimated that oil dependence in the United States exceeded US$500 billion for 2008 alone. These claims are supported by trade data. The United States purchases more than 60% of its oil from foreign sources each year and the cost of petroleum products is the single largest contributor—48%—to the country’s US$700 billion trade deficit. Supply costs aside, one study recently concluded that the military costs in the Persian Gulf needed to protect oil assets and infrastructure range from US$50 billion to $100 billion per year; a second, independent study put the figure at between US$29 billion and $80 billion per year. The United States is spending billions each year to protect a supply chain that is in part responsible for financing terrorist activities such as the 2001 attack on New York’s World Trade Center buildings.
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Tramontin, Mary. "2001 World Trade Center Attack in New York City." In Disaster Mental Health Case Studies, 86–95. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351252263-11.

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McGarry, Ross, and Sandra Walklate. "The War on Terrorism: Criminology’s ‘Third War’." In A Criminology of War?, 41–60. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529202595.003.0003.

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In chapter three, The war on terrorism: criminology’s “third war”, we pose a central problematique. Within this chapter, we suggest that the seemingly “new” criminological study of war is a product of renewed interest to studying matters related to the “war on terrorism” in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre on 11th September 2001 (9/11). Although by no means a criticism of the work produced during this period, we provide examples which indicate that the aftermath of 9/11 brought with it fresh impetus to study attendant matters of “war” and “security” within criminology which (inadvertently) diverted attention from previous relevant sociological and criminological scholarship. The remaining chapters of this book set about attempting to redress some of this oversight within the discipline.
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Raustiala, Kal. "Offshoring the War on Terror." In Does the Constitution Follow the Flag? Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195304596.003.0010.

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A few days before New Year’s Day, 2002 John Yoo and Patrick Philbin, two lawyers in the Department of Justice, drafted a memorandum for the Department of Defense. The memo was entitled Possible Habeas Jurisdiction over Aliens Held in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Shortly after the attacks on September 11, 2001, the Bush administration had announced plans to try suspected terrorists by military commission, a kind of military court. As the memo was being completed, the war in Afghanistan was still ongoing. But coalition forces had taken Kabul and other major cities and had already captured many suspected Al Qaeda members. The Bush administration feared detaining these individuals within the United States and generally rejected the criminal justice model of counterterrorism championed by previous presidents. The United States naval base at Guantanamo, the subject of the lawyers’ memo, was appealing as a long-term site for detention and trial. It was distant from the Middle East, very secure, and, as the Justice Department noted, probably free of the influence of American courts due to its location outside the territory of the United States. In time the detention camp at Guantanamo would become a source of sustained criticism around the world and a major political liability for the United States. But in late 2001, with the World Trade Center site still a smoking ruin, Guantanamo appeared to be a very attractive option to those formulating the legal response to the 9/11 attacks. Two years after the Guantanamo memo was written the New York Times reported that the CIA and the Pentagon were operating a network of offshore prisons in various foreign locations. In these overseas prisons, so reported the Times, were some of the most high-value detainees in the war on terror. Successive stories in the Washington Post revealed that a number of these “black site” prisons were in Europe, and that the CIA had flown individuals there for extensive and coercive interrogation. As the Times reported, the “suggestion that the United States might be operating secret prisons in Europe and the idea that American intelligence officers might be torturing terrorism suspects incarcerated on foreign soil have been incendiary issues across Europe in recent weeks.”
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Conference papers on the topic "World Trade Center terrorist attack, 2001"

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Butcher, E. J., and J. W. Roe. "Practical Approaches to Addressing the Evolving Perception of Terrorist Threats to Nuclear Power Plants." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22761.

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The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and subsequent events has effected perceptions of the terrorist threat to the U.S. in general, and nuclear power plants in particular. These concerns have given rise to calls by government and private orga nizations for reevaluations of both the nature of the threat and protection against it. This paper suggests a general framework for a balanced approach to these reevaluations and highlights some practical and cost effective approaches for improving nuclear power plant safeguards protection.
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Childs, Frederick R., and Radomir Bulayev. "PATH’s Downtown Restoration Program." In ASME/IEEE 2004 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2004-66039.

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On September 11, 2001, the terrorist attacks that destroyed the World Trade Center (WTC) in Lower Manhattan, New York City, also damaged the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corp.’s (PATH’s) busiest terminal serving the heart of the thriving downtown financial, commercial, and residential district. The aftermath of the attacks also forced the closure of PATH’s key station at Exchange Place that serves Jersey City, New Jersey’s expanding “Gold Coast” business and residential area. PATH’s more than 260,000 average weekday commuters between New Jersey and New York were affected in some way by these tragic events, and PATH ridership fell sharply during the following months. Among the PATH facilities that were damaged or destroyed at WTC, and in the two Hudson River tubes, and at Exchange Place Station were all of the electrical, power, signal, and communications systems. Recovery and restoration work began immediately, but was hampered by the extensive rescue, recovery, removal, and demolition work at the World Trade site. Broken water lines and fire fighting efforts flooded both river tubes, which were later sealed at Exchange Place to prevent additional potential damage to PATH’s New Jersey facilities. This paper describes PATH’s recovery program to replace the electrical, power, signal, and communications facilities from Exchange Place to the WTC Terminal. A temporary WTC terminal has been built to restore direct service to Lower Manhattan’s financial, business, and residential center as of November 23, 2003. As part of this program, new trackwork was installed to enhance operational flexibility and provide temporary interim service to Exchange Place Station, which reopened June 29, 2003. Capacity expansion provisions were included to allow for future 10-car train operations when a new rail car fleet is procured. Facilities replaced include a new traction power and auxiliary services substation, new cables, ductbanks, new signals and central control system, wayside phones, emergency power removal switches, tunnel lighting, radio antenna, and fiber optics. An accelerated design and construction schedule was followed, using a broad combination of in-house, consulting, and contractor forces.
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Simi, Christopher G., Anthony B. Hill, Henry Kling, Jerome A. Zadnik, Marc D. Sviland, Mary M. Williams, and Paul E. Lewis. "Airborne remote spectrometry support to rescue personnel at Ground Zero after the World Trade Center attack on September 11, 2001." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Sylvia S. Shen. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.453788.

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Johnson, C. W. "Applying the lessons of the attack on the world trade center, 11th September 2001, to the design and use of interactive evacuation simulations." In the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055062.

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