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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'World Trade Organisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Watson, James Kenneth Ryder. "The World Trade Organisation : development of competence beyond trade?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530814.

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2

Barfield, Scott. "Development, the World Trade Organisation and the 'Banana Trade War'." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289662.

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3

Greyling, Minette Ilse. "The World Trade Organisation : international trade, dispute settlement & the environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53695.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The norms governing international trade on the one hand, and sustainable development on the other, have both different origins and objectives. This is the central problem that will be addressed in this research assignment, by analysing the structure, functioning and future of the World Trade Organisation Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). Though there has been a significant shift from politics to legality, the dispute settlement system is still far from perfect. When looking at recent environmental trade disputes, the stre

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4

Maruyama, Takao. "The EU-Japan relationship in the World Trade Organisation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1400.

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At the time when Japan was experiencing robust economic growth and Europe was accelerating its integration, a number of researchers noticed the importance of investing in their bilateral economic relationship, which was formerly obscured by their respective „special‟ relationships with the United States. When their trade frictions came to the surface, their trade relationship began to attract more attention. In the meantime, world trade entered a new phase with the creation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1995. As the successor of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the

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5

Walters, Zeph. "Evaluating the enforcement of World Trade Organisation dispute settlement decisions." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7563.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The World Trade Organisation (WTO) deals with regulation of trade in goods, services and intellectual property between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements.1 Furthermore, it has implemented a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements. Ideally, all WTO member states have ‘a level playing field’ in terms of access and equal rights under the dispute settlement mechanism. Disputes should be resolved in a fair and impartial manner. However, the WTO’s DSS has been criticised for b

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6

Davies, Arwel. "The prospects for the World Trade Organisation Agreement on Government Procurement." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14004/.

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This thesis questions the prospects for the World Trade Organisation, Agreement on Government Procurement. This is the most important international agreement seeking to promote cross-border trade in hitherto closed national procurement markets. For the above threshold goods, services and construction services contracts which it covers, the Agreement's principal objective is to require the non-discriminatory treatment of foreign suppliers. It is because of this general insistence on non-discriminatory treatment that the Agreement's membership is limited to 27 of the 134 World Trade Organisation

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7

Abida, Saleh Rajab. "The impact of the World Trade Organisation on Libyan banking sector." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6023/.

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The main aim of this study is to identify and analyse, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the potential effects of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the Libyan Banking sector using DEA and Panel data regression methods. Libya has not gained its full membership of the WTO yet. However, Libya has gained observer status since 2004. Since Libya has not yet joined the WTO, it is not possible to know its impact by addressing the period pre and post joining the WTO. Therefore, to know the final expected impact of the WTO on the Libyan banking sector, two ways are selected. The first one is by

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8

Van, Rooyen Annelize. "Speculating WTO coverage and classification of emmission allowances created and generated by the Kyoto Protocol." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6593_1255613854.

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<p>The study is based on the views of different world authorities on the Kyoto protocol. The current legal status regarding the different opinions and arguments are also considered. This study is limited to defining what allocation of allowances, units and credits as created by the Kyoto protocol can be defined as goods, products, services or subsidies under WTO body of rules .</p>

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9

Marsden, Philip. "A competition policy for the WTO." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251483.

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10

Sumer, Vakur. "An Analysis Of The Actorness Of The Eu In The World Trade Organisation." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605314/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the European Union as an international actor in the context of World Trade Organisation. This thesis discusses the interaction between the EU and the WTO from several important dimensions. This thesis also examines different theoretical perspectives about concepts of actors and actorness, the evolution of trade policy of the EU, and the history of world multilateral trade system as well.

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11

Oliver, Bakadi Sannah. "Accession of least developed countries into the world trade organisation: the perspective of south Sudan." University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3908.

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12

Serwadda, Muhsin. "An Assessment of the application of the Sanitary and phytosanitary agreement of the WTO and its impact on International Trade: A Sub-Saharan perspective." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5280_1255011225.

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<p>A lot of work has been done regart=ding the SPS agreement and its impact on iternational trade, though not so connclusive. The study, however, is going to deal specifically with an impact of the SPS agreement to the SSA countries, by analysing the balance beween protection of human, animal and plant life or health on the one hand and promotion of international trade in this region.</p>

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13

Hawthorne, Helen. "The least developed countries, the World Trade Organisation and the norm of special treatment." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1120/.

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This thesis examines the special treatment of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The categorisation of the LDCs by the United Nations in 1971 not only created a new classification of counties, but also created an international norm of special treatment for these countries. The norm of special treatment for LDCs has, since then, slowly spread throughout the international system and has been institutionalised in many international organisations, including the WTO. Evidence of the institutionalisation of the norm within the WTO can be found in its founding

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14

Grimett, Leticia Anthea. "An analysis of selected World Trade Organisation agreements to determine whether they discriminate unfairly against developing economices." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008368.

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The focus of this thesis is the question whether or not the WTO discriminates unfairly against developing economies. In the absence of a test of guidelines for detennining unfairness or fairness of WTO provisions or Agreements has been drawn up using welfare economic and constitutional law principles as a foundation. Unfairness is therefore determined by asking whether the provisions of each Agreement are rational, proportional, efficient and whether they prevent the abuse of power amongst states. In addition, the economic effects of the provisions of the selected Agreements have been analysed

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15

Mohammed, Anass. "An assessment of Ghana's anti-dumping regime in line with the World Trade Organisation Anti-Dumping Agreement." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6386.

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Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law)<br>The establishment of an anti-dumping regime has become commonplace for many a government that seeks to protect and promote its local industries. One reason which appears to be dominant by its proponents is the need to curb predatory pricing. Another reason given by the proponents of anti-dumping is the need to maintain a level playing field for players in any particular industry. With these reasons and probably many others, anti-dumping legislation began to find its way into present-day trade. Canada, with its anti-dumping statute of 1904 [An

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16

Somerset, Kerry. "The European Commission in the World Trade Organisation : a question of roles, responsibilities and interests." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35819.

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This thesis sets out to answer the question: What roles and responsibilities have accrued to the European Commission in relation to its operations within global trade negotiations, how have these been interpreted and pursued, and how have they been affected by changing patterns of interests and institutions in the world trading system? The thesis has as its central empirical focus the activities of the European Commission in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) from 1995 to 2003-that is to say, from the foundation of the Organisation to the failure of the Cancun Ministerial. It focuses on the ro

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17

Oloko, Temitope O. "Impact of the World Trade Organisation TRIPS Agreement on the Intellectual Property Laws of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53216.

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The primary purpose of this study is to determine the consequence of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) on the intellectual property laws in Nigeria. The discussion centers on the examination for compliance of the three main laws on intellectual property in Nigeria, as well as the enforcement mechanism for these laws. As the field of intellectual property continues to expand and impact on vital spheres, such as health care, foreign direct investment, technology transfer and access to information, there is a need to safeguard and sustain a b

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18

Maheo, Solen. "The prototype carbon Fund, a public/ private collaboration in the emerging environmental market." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7945_1254727852.

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<p>This paper addresses the issue of the primary Prototype Carbon Fund objectives , which are High-Quality Emmissions reductions<br>knowledge dissermination<br>Public-private parterships. The researcher further invesigates whether, eight years after its creation, the Prototype Carbon Fund is a success.</p>

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19

Ichimi, Godwin S. "The World Trade Organisation and food insecurity in the south : prospects for the ECOWAS sub-region." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=196159.

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This thesis focuses on the topic ‘The World Trade Organisation and Food Insecurity in the South: Prospects for the ECOWAS sub-region'. It is cast against the background of the prevailing global food crisis which is generally accepted as having assumed monumental dimensions in sub-Saharan Africa where a total of over 150 million people are said to be under the direct threat of hunger and starvation. The study appraises the mainstream understanding of the root causes of the on-going food crisis, the policies prescribed for their resolution as well as the efficacy of the neo-liberal multilateral

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20

Farrell, Jennifer Emma. "The interface of international trade law and taxation : defining the role of the World Trade Organisation in the field of international taxation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2341.

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This thesis explores the ill-defined and oft-underestimated relationship between the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and taxation. By adopting a two-pronged approach, the work will (i) examine the extent to which the WTO legal framework exerts influence upon domestic tax law and international tax policy, and will (ii) question whether it is appropriate for the WTO to play a regulatory role in the field of taxation, and whether this role should be expanded or curtailed. The thesis presents an examination of the historical development of international trade law and international tax law, and reve

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21

Muheki, Stella. "African countries and the World Trade Organisation dispute settlement mechanism : underlying constraints, concerns and proposals for reform." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28410.

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At the inception of the World trade organization (WTO) in 1995, the organization's provisions for a formal dispute settlement mechanism under the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) stood out as state of the “art”, “crown” and “jewels” of the WTO. Fifteen years later on, an assessment of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)’s judicial records shows that the system has indeed reduced the role of international diplomacy, while strengthening the rule of law in dispute settlement. The WTO-DSU’s independent Appellate Body, strict deadlines within which to s

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22

Huang, Chieh. "State-trading countries in the World Trade Organisation : a case study of trading right reform in China." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497982.

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23

Makki, Fadi A. "Financial services in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) : development towards the rule of law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245225.

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24

Schewe, Christoph J. "Die Beteiligung nichtstaatlicher Akteure in Streitschlichtungssystemen des internationalen Handels Ansätze in multilateralen und bilateralen Handelsübereinkommen." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989457788/04.

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25

Knahr, Christina. "Participation of non-state actors in the dispute settlement system of the WTO: benefit or burden? /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/525118349.pdf.

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26

Al, Saud T. "A comparison between the dispute settlement procedures in the International Court of Justice and the World Trade Organisation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4477.

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The International Court of Justice (ICJ) came into being due to a perceived need for international judicial settlement, whereas the World Trade Organisation (WTO) was created for the purpose of specifically promoting international trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers to trade. Alternative structures for each institution are also considered, as is the older dispute settlement process of arbitration, by means of cases. It is a voluntary submission by both parties to a dispute, when they have agreed on the issues, but need external assistance to proceed further. As a type of judicial sett

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27

Muzaka, Valbona. "In Sickness and in Wealth: Dealing with Intellectual Property Rights and Public Health at the World Trade Organisation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489668.

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Despite being about wealth and about who owns and controls the new capital - knowledge the study of intellectual property rights has generally attracted little attention from students of contemporary global political economy. This study seeks to bring such study squarely within the field, by opening a window into the complex interactions and contests over intellectual property rules that continue to engage multiple players in various fora simultaneously. The outcomes of these contests are as yet unclear, but they certainly have the potential to alter the future shape mid direction of global ec

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28

Ben, Slimane Mariem. "The participation of Arab members of the World Trade Organisation in the decision-making and dispute settlement systems." Thesis, City, University of London, 2019. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21853/.

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This thesis will look at the implications of multilateral, regional and bilateral trade agreements entered into by the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The countries included in this study are those that are members of both the Arab League and the World Trade Organisation. The twelve countries looked at have joined the WTO as relatively recent members, and are also involved in a parallel effort to increase bilateral trade agreements. The outcome of this dual approach has been mixed. On the one hand, it has been permitted by Article XXIV of the GATT either as encouragement towards

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29

Kobayashi, Yuka. "China's Compliance with the Rules and Regulations of the World Trade Organisation - Case Study on the Telecommunications Sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517195.

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30

Deane, Felicity Jane. "The Australian clean energy package and the law of the world trade organisation : an analysis of compliance issues." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61753/1/Felicity_Deane_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis is a study of whether the Australian Clean Energy Package complies with the rules of the World Trade Organization. It examines the legal framework for the Australian carbon pricing mechanism and related arrangements, using World Trade Organization law as the framework for analysis. In doing so, this thesis deconstructs the Clean Energy Package by considering the legal properties of eligible emissions units, the assistance measures introduced by the Package and the liabilities created by the carbon pricing mechanism.

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Zhuawu, Collin. "Engaging Africa in a changing international political economy : Mauritius' activism and co-operation in the World Trade Organisation (WTO)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3978/.

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My thesis traces and assesses the engagement of Africa in the international political economy through examining Mauritian activism and co-operation in the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiating and decision-making process. Using the illustrative case study of Mauritius I investigate the increased engagement of Africa in the international political economy beyond the political elite interests and client-patronage relationships. This is done by establishing that those Mauritian elites involved in trade policy-making and activism and co-operation in the WTO are constrained by the process of d

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32

Billiet, Stijn. "European integration and international politics : Commission-member state relations in the World Trade Organisation and selected multilateral environmental agreements." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2713/.

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Traditionally, theories of European integration have focussed on the internal dynamics of this unique form of international cooperation. This also holds for the principal-agent approach, a newer and more sophisticated methodology. This thesis argues that this approach's frame of reference needs to be broadened in order to offer a more coherent framework since the European Community is becoming an increasingly active player on the international stage. Consequently, the inward-looking bias in integration theory needs to be overcome to come to a better understanding of the development of the exte

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33

Zùñiga, Schroder Humberto Angel. "Harmonisation, equivalence and mutual recognition of standards : an analysis from a trade law perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4059.

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Standards are necessary for an efficient functioning of the market and their regulation is an increasingly important area of law. Such is their importance that today it is possible to find thousands of standards developed by international standardising bodies, governmental agencies and even private companies in products that range from SIM cards and medical devices, to the pasteurisation of milk and computer protocols. Reasons that justify their widespread use are not difficult to ascertain: they play, for example, an important role in the achievement of economies of scale in manufacturing and

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34

Mlangeni, Thembekile. "The Mediating Role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Director General (DG) in Multilateral Trade Negotiations : the Case Study of the July 2008 WTO Ministerial Meeting." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46067.

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This research assesses the mediating role of the Director General (DG) of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) as Chair of the Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC). The departure point of this paper is that the character of the position of the TNC Chairperson lends itself to a mediating role, a crucial feature that is often under-estimated. The paper looks at the precise features of the multilateral trade negotiations that qualify the DG as a mediator. The WTO is regarded as a Member driven organization consisting of 159 country members. The Chairs of various negotiating bodies within the WTO are

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35

Zhou, Zhaofeng. "The impact of the World Trade Organisation on the formulation of the antimonopoly law of the People's Republic of China." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/116/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.<br>Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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36

Eastland, Charnall Lynn. "South Africa’s utilisation of the world trade organisations instruments in the protection of the textile and poultry industries." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7649.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only global international organisation dealing with the rules of trade between nations.1 The WTO agreements uphold certain principles; one such principle is the rule of the most-favoured-nation (MFN) obligation. This obligation requires WTO members, who grant certain favourable treatment to any given country, to grant that same favourable treatment to all other WTO members.2 However, there are several exceptions, three of which include:  actions taken against dumping (selling at an unfairly low price);  subsidies and special

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37

Luff, David. "Le droit de l'organisation mondiale du commerce : analyse critique /." Bruxelles : Bruylant [u.a.], 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/394214064.pdf.

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38

Turner, Angeline Biegler. "The WTO, tourism and small states : finding policy space to develop." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3057.

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The WTO, tourism and small states: finding policy space to develop This study examines whether the General Agreement on Services (GATS) provides the necessary policy space for small states to pursue their development agendas. Small states in this study are defined in power terms. But the study also focuses on small states in a property sense--those with few diversification options, making the services sector potentially an important avenue for economic growth and diversification. The study seeks to examine critically the parameters that GATS places on policy-making of small states--whether gov

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39

Baino, Ginevra. "The private right to a remedy under public international law -- the law of the World Trade Organisation : a case-study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446369.

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Wu, Yu. "The application of "the agreement on subsidy and countervaiing measures (ASCM)" of the World Trade organisation (WTO) to non-market economy (NME) of China." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166170.

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The dissertation discusses the application of “Agreement on Subsidy and Countervailing Measures (ASCM)” of WTO to non-market economies (NMEs). The difficulties of application of ASCM to NMEs mainly lie in two basic questions. The first is how to separate the subsidy and government involvement in a NME. The second is how perfect the market has to be in order to qualify as a benchmark to calculate subsidy margins. By focusing on WTO rules and substantial WTO cases, this dissertation analyzes the difficulties in application of ASCM to NMEs from seven perspectives in legal practice. They are:

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Abou, El Farag Balat Mohamed Salem. "Legal analysis of Egypt's implementation of the Trips Agreement against the background of intellectual property rights in the World Trade Organisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494831.

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42

Aljarallah, Abdulaziz M. "Analysing the impact of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) on the sustainability of competitiveness of the petrochemical industry in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/303/.

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Saudi Arabia undertook measures to liberalize its economy in order to be a part of the WTO, which were carried out in a gradual manner long before the country was accepted as a member of the organization. The reform measures are still being implemented and the economy opening up to foreign investors. The WTO accession has enhanced the optimism of the investors towards the benefits that are expected to be achieved from this membership. The stock market has already responded to these changes through a positive signal and a higher level of foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected in the coming

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Adams, Gordon. "A critical analysis of the African Union’s self-financing mechanism." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6820.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>In the process of describing the background to the problem, the author will in this section firstly, explain what the African Union (AU) has implemented, secondly, explain the relevant rules and regulations that need to be adhered to as World Trade Organisation (WTO) members and lastly, explain how the self-financing mechanism might be in contravention of the rules and regulations of the WTO required to be adhered to by all WTO Members.

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Majok, Daniel Bol. "Access to essential medicines in East Africa: A review of East Africa community and its member states approach to WTO-TRIPS public health flexibilities." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6202.

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When the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was annexed to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1994, it set minimum standards for intellectual property (IP) protection, including protection of patent rights, that must be observed and enforced by all WTO Member States. On the one hand, stringent Intellectual Property protection as seen innovation in the field of science where medical innovation hasled to the creation of live saving vaccines which have reduced prevalence of diseases, ranging from polio to the human Papillomavir

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45

Molnar, Krisztina. "Government Export Support in a Global Era." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2695.

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Globalisation in general and trade liberalisation in particular have impacted on many areas of industrialised governments’ foreign economic policy. Export support is an area which is inevitably affected by trade liberalisation, as governments are expected to decrease their intervention into exports in the name of barrier-free(er) trade. However, if one considers that the 1990s and 2000s have seen governments expanding their trade promotion agencies, increasing funding for export support provision and developing a range of new export support programmes, it is easy to recognise that government

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Molnar, Krisztina. "Government Export Support in a Global Era." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2695.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)<br>Globalisation in general and trade liberalisation in particular have impacted on many areas of industrialised governments’ foreign economic policy. Export support is an area which is inevitably affected by trade liberalisation, as governments are expected to decrease their intervention into exports in the name of barrier-free(er) trade. However, if one considers that the 1990s and 2000s have seen governments expanding their trade promotion agencies, increasing funding for export support provision and developing a range of new export support programmes, it is easy

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47

Li, Phoebe Hung. "Revisiting public health emergency in international law : a precautionary approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6393.

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This work develops a means to encourage states to take advantage of the flexibilities of compulsory licensing in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which promotes access to medicines in a public health emergency. In pursuing this solution, the precautionary approach (PA) and the structure of risk analysis have been adopted as a means to build a workable reading of TRIPS and to help states embody the flexibilities of intellectual property (IP). This work argues for a PA reading of TRIPS and that states have the precautionary entitlements to determine

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48

Gerlach, Carina. "The EU, the WTO and trade in services : power and negotiation in the international political economy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10873.

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For the European Union (EU), the field of trade policy is a main field in which the EU can assert its actorness and build its identity as an international actor. This "superpower" potential arises out of the EU's extensive resource equipment in trade policy and is driven forward by the EU's significant economic interests. To what extent, however, the EU has been able to use its resources to shape the rules of the international trade regime according to its own preferences has remained questionable. This thesis investigates the question of the EU's impact on and power utilisation in the interna

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Thierry, Galani Tiemeni. "Small economies and their development in the Multilateral Trade System: Correlation between economic and political environment and trade performance of small economies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2129_1259749434.

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<p> <p>&nbsp<br></p> </p> <p align="justify">At the heart of this study is the topic of small economies in the Multilateral Trade System (MTS). The study examines the World Trade Organisation&rsquo<br>s (WTO) legal framework and policy objectives in order to develop a comprehensive definition of small economies as a group of WTO members with specific needs. Particular attention is given to the determination of the specific characteristics of small economies, as well as the issues and constraints they are facing in the MTS. The study explores solutions proposed in order to tackle the constraint

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50

Soukar, Louai. "Natural resources endowment, international trade and convergence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0160/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions l'effet de la répartition inégale des ressources naturelles entre les pays sur trois aspects principaux. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons empiriquement les effets asymétriques potentiels de l'adhésion à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC) entre les membres, en nous concentrant spécifiquement sur les pays en développement. Les résultats suggèrent que l'adhésion à l'OMC a contribué à l'augmentation des exportations de tous les pays, à l'exception des pays non-émergents riches en ressources. En revanche, les pays émergents riches en ressources sont le

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