Academic literature on the topic 'World Trade Organization – European Union countries'

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Journal articles on the topic "World Trade Organization – European Union countries"

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Rosnerova, Zuzana, and Dagmar Hraskova. "The impact of globalization on the business position of European Union." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207405022.

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We are meeting with the term globalization for many years. The globalization process sets in motion goods, services, financial flows, information, through globalization come to the mobility of people, the workforce and globalization is also a power drive to move the whole world. This paper deals with the contribution of globalization to the EU market. The aim is to find out to what extent EU countries are involved in world trade. It also points to the position of the World Trade Organization, which is the only organization connecting the countries of the world, with the aim strengthening of wo
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Choi, Gyoung-Gyu. "China's Accession into the World Trade Organization." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 15, no. 1 (2000): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps15107.

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This paper outlines the process of China's accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO) with special focus given to the negotiations between the United States and China, and the European Union (EU) and China. Various economic and political issues behind the scene explain why the US refused to accept China into the WTO for the last 14 years. The economic and political changes in America coupled with the economic and political changes in China placed the two countries in a position where a U.S-China bilateral agreement could be made. The EU acted as a free rider in these negotiations such t
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Kazan-Allen, Laurie. "Asbestos Poisons World Trade Organization Atmosphere." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 3 (2001): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/r5wm-q78p-e5xq-34e8.

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In September 2000, a World Trade Organization (WTO) panel published its findings in the dispute between Canada and the European Union/France over France's ban on the import and use of chrysotile (white asbestos). The panel upheld the French ban, established that the use of chrysotile is a health risk and the idea of “controlled use” a fallacy, and used (for the first time) an exception clause in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that permits trade-restrictive measures to protect human life or health. At the same time, the panel concluded that the French ban violated international trad
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Jacobi, Otto. "Transnational trade union cooperation at global and European level - opportunities and obstacles." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 1 (2000): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600104.

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As globalisation of the economy proceeds apace, it is essential for trade unions to co-operate on a transnational basis if global capitalism is to be civilised. This contribution argues that problems with global trade union co-operation stem from the fact that people's social interests differ greatly according to the different stages of economic development reached in the First World, the newly industrialised countries, the transition economies and the countries of the Third World. It suggests that global co-operation amongst trade unions can only be achieved by doing away with protectionism a
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Jelisavac-Trosic, Sanja, and Stevan Rapaic. "Status and prospects of Serbia’s accession to the world trade organization." Medjunarodni problemi 67, no. 1 (2015): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1501128j.

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For many years now Serbia is persistent in its attempt to become a full member of the World Trade Organization. Countries that are not yet members represent a tiny minority of the total world trade, and Serbia is one of them. Membership in the WTO is de facto requirement for accession to the European Union. This paper explains how far Serbia traveled in her way to this international organization, whose agreements are governing the global rules of trade between nations. Special attention was paid to the question why it is important that Serbia joins this organization, and what can be concluded
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Raj, Vishakha, and M. P. Ram Mohan. "Appellate Body Crisis at the World Trade Organization: View from India." Journal of World Trade 55, Issue 5 (2021): 829–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2021035.

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There has been a crisis prevailing at the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since December 2019. The United States’ (US) refusal to allow the appointment of members to the WTO’s Appellate Body has disturbed the functioning of the entire WTO dispute settlement process. In order to mitigate the effects of this, the European Union (EU) has proposed a multi-party interim appeal arbitration agreement (MPIA) which has been joined by over twenty other WTO members. In the absence of rules-based dispute settlement, countries will most probably resort to bilateral negotiations. This w
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Gea Ossita S, Eduard Awang Maha Putra, and Baiq Riska Anggi Safitri. "Analisis Yuridis Kewajiban Anti Dumping Bagi Sebagian Produk Fatty Alcohol antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa." JISOSEPOL: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi dan Politik 1, no. 2 (2024): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.61787/0wq7fe63.

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This research aims to analyze the case of anti-dumping obligations against fatty alcohol products in the dispute between Indonesia and the European Union. The research method used is normative legal research, using a statutory approach and conceptual approach. The result shows that anti-dumping provisions are regulated internationally in Article VI of GATT 1947. As one of the countries that is part of the World Trade Organization, Indonesia ratified the provisions of GATT-WTO with the issuance of Law Number 7 of 1974 dated November 2, 1994, concerning the ratification of the Agreement on Estab
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Innocenthia, Adieuva, Yosinta Margaretha, Febri One, Junita Christine, and Agnes Magdalena. "THE EUROPEAN UNION, CHINA AND SOLAR PANEL." Sociae Polites 21, no. 1 (2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v21i1.1585.

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The European Union and China are the two countries that have advantages in each of them. The European Union and China have a dispute regarding renewable energies, namely the problem with solar panels. China's policy of making solar panels prices have low bargaining power makes the European Union unable to accept the policy because it can cause a long trade conflict. The case study in this paper also illustrates that the EU is actively approaching it to overcome environmental challenges in China by involving the European Union in dialogue and negotiation on various issues and providing capacity
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Yemmen, Jihene, and Mohamed Miras Marzouki. "The Challenges of Free Trade with the European Union for Tunisia." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 7, no. 1 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2024-0002.

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International economic integration is a complex process of cooperation and diffusion between the national economies of different countries, aimed at creating a unified economic entity. Like many developing countries, Tunisia has adopted unprecedented reforms to facilitate the integration of its economy into the world market. From 1986 to 1995, numerous economic measures involving trade liberalization were undertaken. Tunisia adopted the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), it joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994. In 1995 the A
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Cachet, Tom. "The World Trade Organization Trade Facilitation Agreement: Legal Consequences and Impact on the Union Customs Code." Global Trade and Customs Journal 12, Issue 2 (2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2017013.

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Intensive rounds of negotiations during the 9th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2013 led to the Bali Agreements on Trade Facilitation and Least Developed Countries. This article focusses on the legal impact of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and compares the most important obligations in the agreement to the European Union’s existing customs legal framework to deduct whether it is in line with the new WTO provisions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "World Trade Organization – European Union countries"

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Ojiambo, Colbert. "EU-ACP economic agreements and WTO/GATT compatibility : options for ACP countries under Cotonou Agreement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28400.

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The member states of European Union (EU) and a group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states are currently negotiating for new trading agreements compatible with World Trade Organization‘s (WTO) rules. Whereas both the EU and the ACP states are in agreement that the new trading arrangements must be WTO compatible, there is no consensus on the format of the new trading agreements. The EU has insisted that the new trading arrangements should be in the form of free trade agreements, established under Article XXIV of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Unlike the previous EU – AC
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Macheru, Maryanne Wambui. "East African community-European Union economic partnership agreement, to be or not to be? Will conomic partnership agreement undermine or accelerate trade development within the East African community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4327_1363780584.

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Totkovičová, Lucia. "Špecifiká ekonomík Karibiku v kontexte Ekonomických partnerských dohôd a vzťahy s EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162212.

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Diploma thesis deals with the relations between the European Union and the Caribbean, principally with agreements forming their legal and institutional framework. It is theoretically based on the official rules of international trade agreed by the members of the World Trade Organization and on the Articles GATT and GATS. The first part gives information about the Caribbean region, its position in the world economy and about regional intergration, which is the corner-stone of Caribbean's external relations. The second chapter comprises analysis of the specifics of Caribbean countries that form
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Lautard-Mattioli, Clémence. "La politique préférentielle de l'Union européenne en faveur des pays en développement au regard du droit de l'OMC : chronique d'une mise en conformité difficile." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010296/document.

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La politique préférentielle de l’Union européenne (UE) comprend tous les instruments visant à accorder à un partenaire commercial un droit d’entrée facilité sur le marché intérieur. Utilisée vis-à-vis des pays en développement (PED), elle les aide à accroitre leur capacité d’exportation et permet donc d’enclencher un cercle vertueux de croissance et de développement. Depuis deux décennies, elle connait une profonde mutation, tant quant à ses principes qu’à ses bénéficiaires. L’analyse de cette réforme suppose de faire un bilan de la réception du droit de l’organisation mondiale du commerce (OM
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Girardo, Benjamin. "La conditionnalité politique dans le système de préférences généralisées (SPG) de l’Union européenne : contribution à une identité de l'Union pour le développement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAD008.

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Le Système de préférences généralisées (SPG) correspond à des réductions de droits de douane offertes par des sujets de droit international pubic « développés » aux pays en développement (PED). De manière générale, la conditionnalité est, quant à elle, un mécanisme qui permet de lier l’établissement, l’approfondissement, ou le maintien d’une situation juridique à la réalisation de conditions par un ou des bénéficiaire(s). Lorsque ce mécanisme est qualifié de « politique », ses conditions ont trait à la manière de gouverner et/ou à l’orientation des affaires publiques d’un sujet de droit intern
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Jahnel, Carsten H. "Transatlantic relations : are alliances a funcion [i.e. function] of an external threat? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FJahnel.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Hans-Eberhardt Peters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also available online.
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Poulet, Julie. "Direct effect of the law of the GATT in the European Union, the United States and the consequences for the WTO." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78227.

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This aim of this thesis will be to first address the issue of the direct applicability of the GATT within the national framework, mainly through the use of an analysis of the considerations that such a denial of the direct effect of the GATT is based upon, to understand if there are real obstacles to its implementation, before examining the harmful effects this of denial. The analysis will focus on the situation in both the European Union and the United States, these two countries being two of the most important trade partners in the WTO, before suggesting various solutions that could b
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Huang, He. "At the Crossroad of Free Trade and Trade Protectionism: Analyzing EU’s External Trade Policy under the Impetus of Global Trade Liberalization." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9367.

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<p>Departing from the case of textile and clothing trade dispute between the EU and China in 2005, it has been noticed that the EU’s policy in textile trade to a large extent has been situated in a position of dilemma. On the one hand, the growing global impetus of liberalization in the sector forces the EU to open up its market to cheap textile imports from the developing countries; on the other hand, the fierce protectionist pressures come from the domestic producers and slow down the paces towards liberalization, or sometimes even take setback towards more conservative performances. By plac
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Keawchaum, Chirat. "Judicial interactions of the WTO's rulings by the CJEU." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=234055.

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This research comprehensively analyses how the CJEU and the WTO Tribunals interact with each other. The CJEU has refused to grant direct effect to the WTO's rulings based on unconvincing reasoning, but this has been deemed acceptable because it is necessary to preserve the scope of manoeuvre of the EU's political institutions, and the application of the consistent interpretation principle to the WTO's rulings could balance out the absence of direct effect. So far, the CJEU has cautiously applied the consistent interpretation principle to the WTO's rulings. While the CJEU has construed EU legis
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Weber, Olaf. "WTO-Streitbeilegung und EuGH im Vergleich : zur gerichtsförmigen Konfliktlösung in Handelspräferenzzonen /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016138038&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Books on the topic "World Trade Organization – European Union countries"

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G, De Búrca, and Scott Joanne, eds. The EU and the WTO: Legal and constitutional issues. Hart Pub., 2001.

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Müller, Wolfgang. EC and WTO anti-dumping law: A handbook. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Müller, Wolfgang. EC and WTO anti-dumping law: A handbook. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Nicholas, Khan, Scharf Tibor, and Müller Wolfgang, eds. EC and WTO anti-dumping law: A handbook. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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European Commission. Directorate General X for Information, Communication, Culture, Audiovisual. Publications Unit, ed. The European Union and world trade. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

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Hoekman, Bernard M. The World Trade Organization, the European Union and the Arab world: Trade policy priorities and pitfalls. World Bank, Europe and Central Asia, and Middle East and North Africa Technical Dept., Private Sector Development Division, 1995.

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Brotons, Antonio Remiro, and Carlos D. Espósito. La organización mundial del comercio y el regionalismo europeo. Dykinson, 2001.

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Portanskiĭ, A. P. Mnogostoronni︠a︡i︠a︡ torgovai︠a︡ sistema i Evrosoi︠u︡z: 1994-2004 : monografii︠a︡. BAĭkalʹskiĭ gos. universitet ėkonomiki i prava., 2005.

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Peter-Christian, Müller-Graff, ed. Die Europäische Gemeinschaft in der Welthandelsorganisation: Globalisierung und Weltmarktrecht als Herausforderung für Europa. Nomos, 1999.

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Yves, Bourdet, Gullstrand J, and Olofsdotter Karin 1970-, eds. The European Union and developing countries: Trade, aid, and growth in an integrating world. E. Elgar Pub., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "World Trade Organization – European Union countries"

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Costello, Cathryn. "The EU and the World Trade Organization." In The European Union and Developing Countries. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509184_23.

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Lourenço, Paulo B., Jorge M. Branco, and Ana Coelho. "Sustainability and Cultural Heritage Buildings." In Sustainable Structural Engineering. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.053.

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&lt;p&gt;Conservation of cultural heritage buildings is a demand from society, which recognizes this heritage as a part of their identity, but it is also an economic issue. In Europe, tourism accounts for 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 12% of the employment, if linked sectors are considered. The European Union (EU) is the world’s number one tourist destination, with 40% of arrivals in the world and with seven European countries among the top ten. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO) estimates, international tourist arrivals in Europe will increase signifi cantly. The bui
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Hoen, Ellen ‘t. "Protection of Clinical Test Data and Public Health: A Proposal to End the Stronghold of Data Exclusivity." In Access to Medicines and Vaccines. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83114-1_7.

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AbstractTest data demonstrating the efficacy, safety and quality of a medicine is required by drug regulatory agencies before a new treatment obtains marketing approval and can be made available to patients. Because test data can be costly and time-consuming to produce, certain countries have ‘data exclusivity’ regimes that restrict use of test data to the originator company for a period of time. Generic and biosimilar companies rely on originator test data to obtain marketing approval for generic products, so data exclusivity periods can delay entry of lower-cost treatments to the market. Whi
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Gstöhl, Sieglinde, and Dirk De Bièvre. "The European Union in the World Trade Organization." In The Trade Policy of the European Union. Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-93583-3_5.

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Burri, Mira. "The European Union, the World Trade Organization and Cultural Diversity." In Cultural Governance and the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137453754_15.

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Hoekman, Bernard. "The World Trade Organization, the European Union, and the Arab World: Trade Policy Priorities and Pitfalls." In Prospects for Middle Eastern and North African Economies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26137-6_4.

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Hilf, Meinhard. "The European Union and the Accession of Russia to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2012." In Trade Policy between Law, Diplomacy and Scholarship. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15690-3_19.

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Jelisavac Trošić, Sanja. "Serbia’s Sustainable Development Strategy and Industrial Policy for the European Union and the World Trade Organization." In Industrial Policy and Sustainable Growth. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5741-0_23.

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Jelisavac Trošić, Sanja. "Serbia’s Sustainable Development Strategy and Industrial Policy for the European Union and the World Trade Organization." In Industrial Policy and Sustainable Growth. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3964-5_23-1.

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Kocev, Ljuben. "Challenges in the Process of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the Republic of North Macedonia." In European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76345-8_5.

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Abstract Arbitration is increasingly becoming the preferred method for the resolving of international cross-border disputes among business persons. One of the main advantages of arbitration is that arbitral awards are more easily recognized and enforced than judicial awards, mainly due to the New York Convention. Consequently, the process of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards has a pivotal role in facilitating international trade and investment by providing a mechanism that enables the parties to easily enforce awards rendered in arbitration proceedings. In the Republic of
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Conference papers on the topic "World Trade Organization – European Union countries"

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Guseva, Tatiana, Svetlana Panova, Yana Molchanova, Olga Sergienko, and Chirag Bhimani. "BEST AVAILABLE TECHNIQUES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.04.

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The article considers challenges and opportunities of Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the food industry, analysing cases of intensive poultry rearing and milk production. Authors emphasise that the food industry is one of the primary sectors of the world economy. According to The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, by 2050, a 70% increase in world production will be required to meet the needs of the planets expected 10 billion population. The authors discuss the potential for further development of the sector applying BAT principles, including approaches to reduce energ
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Öngel, Volkan. "An Alternative Foreign Trade Market for Turkey: The Eurasian Economic Community." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00222.

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The Eurasian Economic Community (EEC) is an international organization that has been created by five Commonwealth of İndependent States countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan) on October 10th,2000. The object of this organization was promote the creation of a customs union and the common economic space. After ten years in 2010, three countries (Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan) made a custom union agreement as a second step. And the target is to establish a common economic space by 1 January 2012, a single market for goods, investment and labor. This custom union creat
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Çeştepe, Hamza, and Tamer Güven. "Disincentive Factors for Transformation of the Economic Cooperation Organization to Regional Integration: An Assessment Regarding Intra-regional Trade." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00745.

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In this study, the structure and level of intra-regional trade in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), which is a movement of regional cooperation founded in the Western and Central Asia region, has been analyzed. In ECO, with a share below its potential at the world trade, intra-regional trade is low relative to other regional integrations such as the European Union. However, the volume of intra-regional trade in the region countries, except a few countries, tend to increase in recent years. In this study, as a result of the evaluation made by the indices calculated, it was found that the
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Atabey, Naim Ata, Halenur Yılmaz, and Merve Öztürk. "The Role of OECD Corporate Governance Principles in the Integration of Commonwealth of Independent States Countries to the World Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01156.

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The founding members of The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) consist of mostly the European countries. The organization which is regional in nature and more focused on Europe has global aims like contributing to developments of world trade and economic development of members and other countries in the process of economic development. Corporate Governance Principles published for the first time in 1999 by OECD that can be adapted by each country according to their circumstances, provide guidance to countries in order to achieve the objectives. Corporate Governance P
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Lobanov, Natalia. "Challenges for the international trading system in the context of global security." In Economic Security in the Context of Systemic Transformations, 3rd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/escst2023.05.

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The article analyzes the challenges to the security and functionality of the international trade system, consisting of the trade flows between the states of the world, as well as a series of international regulatory institutions.Among the main challenges we mention military and trade conflicts, divergent growth trends in different regions, volatility of raw material prices, economic instability, governance issues within the World Trade Organization, the increase in the number and importance of regional trade agreements that gradually shift the focus of to the multilateral trade system to regio
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Li, Keshu, and Meixia Shi. "Direct Application of World Trade Organization Rules: By European Court of Justice in European Union Law." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-18.2018.51.

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Stancu, Florin. "Facilitating trade in the European Union through the promotion of railway transport." In International Scientific Conference "Modern Paradigms in the Development of the National and World Economy", 17th Edition. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/mpdnwe2024.19.

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Purpose of the Article: The article investigates the role of railway transport in enhancing trade within the European Union (EU). It emphasizes the potential of rail transport to improve connectivity, reduce transportation costs, and support sustainable economic growth. By focusing on the promotion of railway systems, the study highlights how EU member states can improve the efficiency of goods movement and contribute to environmental goals. Methodology: The research is based on an analysis of statistical data related to the volume of trade carried by rail in different EU countries. It include
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Ay, Ahmet, Fatih Ayhan, and Mustafa Gerçeker. "Analyzing the Free Movement of Goods Principle in European Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01419.

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In this paper, it will be analyzed the free movement of goods principle’s progress in European Union. This principle have special importance for all countries not only EU members. Because of globalisation’s effects, all countries have to open their boundaries to all over the World. Thus the free movement of goods affects almost all countries. Free movement of goods principle is achieved a successful progress in EU case. In this paper, we will try to show this principle’s success in EU agreements, regulations, settlements and peaks. Not only in EU, but also all open economies are getting extra
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Solnyškinienė, Jolanta, and Beata Černis. "Developments of the European Union's export directions in the context of the US-EU trade war." In 11th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2020“. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2020.645.

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The article assesses which countries in the world are most suitable for export such goods as aluminum, steel, cheese, and meat from the European Union in the context of the European Union – US trade wars. The theoretical study is designed to identify factors that promote the export and import of goods and to identify factors that can be used for further multicriteria research. An investigation using multi-criteria methods, EDAS, TOPSIS and SAW, revealed alternative export countries in the context of the EU-US trade war. The calculated RCA index showed the competitiveness of the analyzed produc
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Değer, Mustafa Kemal, Muharrem Akın Doğanay, and Osman Murat Telatar. "The Determinants of Turkey's Intra-Industry Trade with European Union Countries: The Gravity Model Results (1996-2013)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01364.

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In recent years, structure of world trade is transformed to intra-industry trade (IIT) that is defined as the import and export of similar commodities. The transformation of foreign trade structure has led to increase either theoretical or empirical studies on IIT. A large part of the empirical studies on international trade deals with gravity model for explaining the determinants of foreign trade. According to gravity model, trade between countries, is affected negatively to the distance between them and positively to the size of the country. Similar statements can be used in terms of the det
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Reports on the topic "World Trade Organization – European Union countries"

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Micco, Alejandro, Guillermo Luis Ordoñez, and Ernesto H. Stein. The Currency Union Effect on Trade: Early Evidence from EMU. Inter-American Development Bank, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010816.

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In this paper we estimate the early effect of the European Monetary Union (EMU) on trade. We use a panel data set that includes the most recent information on bilateral trade for 22 developed countries from 1992 through 2002. During this period 12 European countries formally entered into a currency union. This is a unique event that allows us to study the effect of currency union among a relatively homogeneous group of industrial countries. Controlling for a host of other factors, we find that the effect of EMU on bilateral trade between member countries ranges between 5 and 10 percent, when c
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, comp
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Brenner, Yann, Ziga Vodusek, Andrew Crawley, et al. Integration and Trade in the Americas: 3rd EU-LAC Summit: Special Issue on Latin American and Caribbean Economic Relations with the European Union. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008617.

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The purpose of this document is to inform Bank staff and other interested parties about recent developments in integration and trade among the countries of the Western Hemisphere and between these and other countries and world regions.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Professional Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009160.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partner
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Tourism Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009161.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partner
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Information and Communications Technology. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009158.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partner
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Summary Report. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009156.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partner
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Horizontal Measures. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009157.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partner
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Transport Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009159.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partner
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Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, et al. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation a
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