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Journal articles on the topic 'World War, 1939-1945 – Causes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Kuzmin, Yuri. "The Manchurian Strategic Operation of the Soviet Forces in 1945: Questions of Historiography and Conceptual Rationale." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 1 (2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(1).7-15.

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The Soviet-Japanese war of 1945 is an important part of the Second World war, a heroic page in the military history of Russia. The Manchurian strategic operation of August, 1945 is actively studied in Russian and world historical science and considerable number of historical sources and memoirs are published. However, the theoretical and geopolitical aspect of the Soviet-Japanese war requires additional research. The place of war in national and world history, the causes and consequences of hostilities, and diplomatic history need further understanding and generalization. The article focuses o

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BRYDAN, DAVID. "Axis Internationalism: Spanish Health Experts and the Nazi ‘New Europe’, 1939–1945." Contemporary European History 25, no. 2 (2016): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777316000084.

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AbstractMany of the forms and practices of interwar internationalism were recreated under the auspices of the Nazi ‘New Europe’. This article will examine these forms of ‘Axis internationalism’ by looking at Spanish health experts' involvement with Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Despite the ambiguous relationship between the Franco regime and the Axis powers, a wide range of Spanish health experts formed close ties with colleagues from Nazi Germany and across Axis and occupied Europe. Many of those involved were relatively conservative figures who also worked with liberal internatio

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Nyuon, Abraham Kuol. "Cold and World War II: Understanding the Causes, Views and Conceptual Analysis." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 4 (2021): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210448.

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This article examines the theoretical framework of the cold war as the basis for comprehending the genesis of the Cold War. This author gave emphasizes to events which clearly elaborate the end of the war known as the superpowers struggle from 1945-1991 by focusing on factors which have speed up the collapse of the Cold War resulting into the new World Order. In this paper, the author argued that, the Cold War and World War II are inseparable because conflict among the Allies surfaced at the end of the World War II. This paper set out how World War II shaped the beginning of the Cold War throu

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Pivovar, Efim I., Alexander S. Levchenkov, and Elena A. Kosovan. "The 80th Anniversary of the Beginning of the Second World War in Historical and Educational Activities of the Russian Archivists." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-1-87-101.

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This article is devoted to the coverage of a number of major historical and educational projects implemented in recent years by the Russian archivists in the context of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Second World War of 1939-1945. Having analyzed the activities of the leading national archives in this area, including their use of modern information technologies and Internet resources, the authors link these projects with discourse of world politics and historiography on the most important factors and causes that resulted in the outbreak of World War II. In connection with heated

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Popova, A. D. "Battle after Victory: Causes of the Post-War Crime Rate Increase (1945–1950)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (2021): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-62-70.

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The article features the causes of the crime rate increase that occurred in the Soviet Union after World War II. The author studied archival documents of the Chief Department of Gang Prevention, as well as memoirs written by militia officers and common citizens. The increase in gangsterism and crime in general presented a serious challenge for the country that had just won the most terrible war in human history. The author managed to define two major causes of crime rate increase in the post-war years. The first was poverty, homeless children, substandard living conditions, and poor organizati

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Ewing, Keith. "The political constitution of emergency powers: a comment." International Journal of Law in Context 3, no. 4 (2007): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552307004041.

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The United Kingdom had the experience of at least five different kinds of emergency throughout the twentieth century. The first and most serious is war, though not all wars (including the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan) create or created national emergencies. Nevertheless, the world wars of 1914–1918 and 1939–1945 almost certainly did, especially in the latter case with its risk – albeit short-lived – of invasion by a foreign power. The other causes of emergency were: second, the long-term internal conflict in Northern Ireland in what seemed like a separatist armed struggle, with one community p

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Adamus, Rafał. "Polish-German Dispute over WWII Reparations." Societas et Iurisprudentia 11, no. 1 (2023): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1339-5467/2023/11/1/21-37.

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This study concerns the dispute between Poland and Germany regarding war reparations for losses caused in Poland in the years 1939 – 1945. The author pointed to the relevant acts of international law. This applies to the so-called Potsdam Agreement, the declaration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (hereinafter referred to as the “USSR”) on the resignation of claims against Germany, the declaration of the government of the People’s Republic of Poland on the resignation of claims, the German unification treaty. As well as in the study, the substantive position that may be presented by

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MARUKHIN, V. F., and A. I. UTKIN. "ATTEMPTS OF FALSIFICATION OF THE NATIONAL CHARACTER OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR 1941–1945." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 9, no. 4 (2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2020-9-4-34-43.

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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the attempts to falsify the national character of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. The article examines the main directions of falsification of the history of World War II, its causes and consequences. The totalitarian and revisionist theories popu-lar in the West are criticized. The authors come to the conclusion that discrediting history and falsify-ing the contribution of the Soviet people to the victory in the Great Patriotic War have destructive consequences for the entire state.

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Hayes, Mick. "“Don’t blame the shopkeeper!!”." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 9, no. 4 (2017): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2017-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the impact of zoning and pooling on brands, something not covered in depth in the historical literature. Also, the paper is intended to present research into how brands in the food, drink and confectionery industries during the Second World War used advertising in response to the government control of the market. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a close reading and interpretation of food, drink and confectionery brands advertisements from the Daily Express and Daily Mirror newspapers across the Second World War. Building on t

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Myagkov, M. Yu. "USSR in World War II." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 4 (2020): 7–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-4-73-7-51.

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The article offers an overview of modern historical data on the origins, causes of World War II, the decisive role of the USSR in its victorious end, and also records the main results and lessons of World War II.Hitler's Germany was the main cause of World War II. Nazism, racial theory, mixed with far-reaching geopolitical designs, became the combustible mixture that ignited the fire of global conflict. The war with the Soviet Union was planned to be waged with particular cruelty.The preconditions for the outbreak of World War II were the humiliating provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty

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Anievas, Alexander. "Reassessing the Nazi War Economy and the Origins of the Second World War." Historical Materialism 22, no. 3-4 (2014): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341375.

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Adam Tooze’sThe Wages of Destructionhas received a fair amount of scholarly attention since its publication in 2006, particularly among historians. What has received much less attention, however, are the many theoretical insights to be gleaned from Tooze’s history of the inner-workings of the Nazi war economy in the lead-up to the Second World War. This is particularly true of the numerous theoretical subjects and themes covered by Tooze of direct relevance to Marxist theories and understandings of Nazism. From his analysis of the relationship between Nazi economic policies and Hitler’s geopol

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Hassoon, Muna Mohammed. "Hitler's Policy Towards Iraq 1933-1945." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 4794–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1641.

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This study demonstrates the Germany's policy towards Iraq after the arrival of the Nazis to power in 1933 till the end of World War II. Because of the geopolitical importance of Iraq, and specifically after its independence and its entry into the League of Nations in 1932, the international parties became in a struggle to dominate Iraq in particular, and the Middle East in general. The study aimed to shed light on Hitler's policy of dominating the Western influence in Iraq, occupying new areas in order to penetrate his power and control, and in his desire to acquire Europe, he was striking the

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Ryan, Kathy L. "Walter B. Cannon’s World War I experience: treatment of traumatic shock then and now." Advances in Physiology Education 42, no. 2 (2018): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00187.2017.

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Walter B. Cannon (1871–1945), perhaps America’s preeminent physiologist, volunteered for service with the Army Expeditionary Force (AEF) during World War I. He initially served with Base Hospital No. 5, a unit made up of Harvard clinicians, before moving forward to the front lines to serve at a casualty clearing station run by the British. During his time there, he performed research on wounded soldiers to understand the nature and causes of traumatic shock. Subsequently, Cannon performed animal experimentation on the causes of traumatic shock in the London laboratory of Dr. William Bayliss be

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Mishchanyn, Vasyl. "DEPORTATIONS OF GERMAN POPULATION FROM TRANSCARPATHIA IN 1944 – 1946 YEARS: CAUSES, COURSE, CONSEQUENCES." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 1 (46) (June 27, 2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.256790.

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The first German colonists in Transcarpathia appear in the twelfth and fifteenth centuries and the largest number of German settlers settled in various parts of the region in the XVIII – XIX centuries. They were mostly farmers, specialists for timber, timber industries, mining and salt deposits, representatives of the construction trades. It is estimated that before the Second World War there lived about 17 – 18 thousand of German colonists. But the fate of the German population of Transcarpathia changed dramatically on the final stage of World War II. Serious demographic changes begin in the

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Uczkiewicz, Dominika. "Dekret Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej o odpowiedzialności karnej za zbrodnie wojenne z dnia 30 marca 1943 roku." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 41, no. 2 (2019): 79–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.41.2.4.

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On 30 March 1943 the Decree of the President of the Polish Republic on Criminal Liability for War Crimes, the first normative act setting down the legal basis for persecution of war criminals issued by one of the Allies during the Second World War, was proclaimed. The promulgation of the decree can be considered as the turning point in the Polish government-in-exile’s policy towards the problem of the prosecution and punishment of Nazi criminals, which started in autumn 1939. After the announcement of the draft decree, developed by the Polish minister of justice, professor of state law, Wacław

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Kneodler, Thais da Silva, Graciele Oroski Paes, Fernando Rocha Porto, Pedro Ruiz Barbosa Nassar, and Alexandre Barbosa de Oliveira. "Nursing throughout war times: political propaganda and professional valorization (1942-1945)." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, no. 2 (2017): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0440.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the symbolic effects of the publication on written press of institutional rites related to the courses promoted by the Brazilian Federal District's Schools of Nursing during the Second World War. Method: exploratory and documentary study, whose sources were treated by historical method. Results: one noticed, in the news reports analyzed, that the Brazilian Estado Novo has used nurses images to divulge within the society the woman's acting altruistic model in service to the country, through the systematic diffusion by the press of her honorable acting during the w

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Jankevičiūtė, Giedrė, and Osvaldas Daugelis. "Collecting Art in the Turmoil of War: Lithuania in 1939–1944." Art History & Criticism 16, no. 1 (2020): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mik-2020-0003.

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SummaryThe article deals with the growth of the art collections of the Lithuanian national and municipal museums during WWII, a period traditionally seen as particularly unfavourable for cultural activities. During this period, the dynamics of Lithuanian museum art collections were maintained by two main sources. The first was caused by nationalist politics, or, more precisely, one of its priorities to support Lithuanian art by acquiring artworks from contemporaries. The exception to this strategy is the attention given to the multicultural art scene of Vilnius, partly Jewish, but especially P

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Ekbladh, David. "To Reconstruct the Medieval: Rural Reconstruction in Interwar China and the Rise of an American Style of Modernization, 1921–1961." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 9, no. 3-4 (2000): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656100793645903.

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AbstractThe concept of modernization exerted a powerful influence over international affairs in the twentieth century. It offered not only a way of understanding the profound global transformations of the period but also a means of influencing the course and pace of those changes. While the preoccupation with the causes and consequences of modernity can be traced back at least to the nineteenth century, .modernization. as a school of thought and a set of practices is usually understood to be a decidedly post–World War II phenomenon. Many scholars have interpreted the rise of modernization as a

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Suverov, E. V. "Prison Escapes in Western Siberia (1930–1945)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 2 (2020): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-2-362-369.

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The author analyzed the causes and consequences of prison escapes in Western Siberia in 1930–1945, which were a serious problem for the entire Soviet correctional labor system. The reasons behind frequent prison escapes can be summarized as follows: substandard living conditions, a complex production schedule, violent inmates, severe punitive measures for minor crimes, and relatively lenient punishment for escapes. The situation was aggravated by the negligent attitude to the service among wardens, their non-compliance with official discipline and job descriptions, as well as by ineffective us

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Resis, Albert. "Stalin, the Politburo, and the Onset of the Cold War, 1945-1946." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 701 (January 1, 1988): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1988.32.

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The precise function that Marxist-Leninist ideology serves in the formation and conduct of Soviet foreign policy remains a highly contentious question among Western scholars. In the first postwar year, however, few senior officials or Soviet specialists in the West doubted that Communist ideology served as the constitutive element of Soviet foreign policy. Indeed, the militant revival of Marxism-Leninism after the Kremlin had downplayed it during 'The Great Patriotic War" proved to be an important factor in the complex of causes that led to the breakup of the Grand Alliance. Moscow's revival o

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Louzon, Victor. "From Japanese Soldiers to Chinese Rebels: Colonial Hegemony, War Experience, and Spontaneous Remobilization during the 1947 Taiwanese Rebellion." Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 1 (2017): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817001279.

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A former part of the Qing Empire, Taiwan was colonized by Japan in 1895 and returned to China, upon Tokyo's defeat, in 1945. Two years later, a revolt broke out against the mainland Chinese authorities and was brutally crushed. This episode, known as the February 28 Incident, has been at the center of memory wars in Taiwan since democratization. Historical accounts have tended to focus on the background causes of the Incident and on the role played by the Taiwanese elite. This article argues that devoting more attention to grassroots participants and their repertoire of action can shed new lig

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Dzierżyńska-Mielczarek, Jolanta. "Częstochowa Journalists." Respectus Philologicus 23, no. 28 (2013): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2013.23.28.14.

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This article characterises a local journalist environment. The analysis was conducted on the example of Częstochowa—a city that is identified with the Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra by most Europeans. Symbolically, that identification seems reasonable, but Częstochowa is also an independent urban organism carrying out not only religious tasks. The Częstochowa journalist environment, along with local press, arose in the late 19th century. Because the city at that time had a population of only a few thousand residents and was under Russian occupation, the environment was represented by just sev

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Kuzmin, Yuriy. "A New Interpretation of the History of the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 or a Subjective Assessment of the Researcher?" Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 20, no. 1 (2019): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2019.20(1).109-123.

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The author of the book, O.S. Smyslov, interprets the military events in the area of the Khalkhin Gol river in 1939, defines the causes of the war, the role of commanders, military casualties and participants of military actions. The battle of Khalkhin Gol becomes the subject of much attention and study of Russian and Mongolian historians, especially the most complex and controversial issues of military and diplomatic history. Most of the research is original and contributes significantly to the interpretation of the military conflict, its geopolitical nature and its role in the world history o

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Inoguchi, Takashi. "The Sociology of a Not-So-Integrated Discipline: The Development of International Relations in Japan." Journal of East Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (2002): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800000692.

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Stimulated by Ole Waever's (1998) examination of American and European developments in International Relations, this article examines the growth of the discipline of international relations in Japan, focusing on the major currents of the social science tradition since 1868 and the intellectual agenda of international relations since 1945. Postwar scholarship has reflected the main themes and questions of Japanese history — the causes of war, the struggle for peace, Japan's place in the world and Asia, and Japan's role in the Cold War. To an extent, the organization and substance of IR teaching

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Sonayon, Avosetinyen Michael, and Kunmavo Afolabi Tagbe. "Socio-Economic Perils of Russo-Ukranian War: The 2014 and 2022 Experiences." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XI (2023): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7011018.

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Moscow’s war against Ukraine in 2014 and its continuation from February 2022 may be described as an asymmetrical war. This is because Russian military far outnumbered that of Ukraine. The war has been described as the most devastated in Europe since 1945 as thousands of lives have been destroyed. Russia has not been able to defeat Russia in over eighteen months into the war but it (Russia) has equally refused to cease fire despite the economic sanctions by United States of America and other western powers. The country (Russia) has remained resolute in its determination to continue with the war

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Kmeťová, Marianna, and Marek Syrný. "The 1944 Warsaw Uprising." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2020-1-18-23.

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After the German campaign at the beginning of World War II (1939), Poland was divided between nazi Germany which occupied the west and center of the country, and the Soviet Union which occupying the Eastern regions. The controversial relationship with Moscow has seen several diametrical breaks from a positive alliance after the invasion of the Soviet Union by the Axis powers in 1941, to a very critical relationship with the USSR after the revelation of the so-called Katyn massacre in 1943. With the approach of the Eastern Front to the frontiers of pre-war Poland, massive Polish Resistance was

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Mashevskyi, O., and M. Baraboi. "THE QUEBEC NATIONAL QUESTION DURING THE WORLD WAR II AND IN THE POSTWAR PERIOD." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 132 (2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.132.1.06.

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The paper deals with the Quebec national question during the Second World War and the postwar period in the context of the causes and preconditions of "Quiet Revolution" in 1960s in Quebec. Based on articles, memoirs, non-fiction literature, statements we analyze the views of the French-Canadian and the English-Canadian public and political figures on the crisis of conscription, as well as the impact of the crisis on the social and political situation in post-war Quebec. Particular attention is paid to an under-researched aspect in the historiography – to attempts of a reform in Quebec, in tim

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Grugel, Jean, and Monica Quijada. "Chile, Spain and Latin America: The Right of Asylum at the Onset of the Second World War." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1-2 (1990): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00015492.

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In December 1938 an alliance of the Radical, Communist and Socialist parties took office in Chile, the first Popular Front to come to power in Latin America. A few months later, in Spain, the Nationalist forces under Generalísimo Franco occupied Madrid, bringing an end to the civil war. Shortly after, a serious diplomatic conflict developed between Spain and Chile, in which most of Latin America gradually became embroiled. It concerned the fate of 17 Spanish republicans who had sought asylum in the Chilean embassy in the last days of the seige of Madrid, and culminated in July 1940 when the Na

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Bandžović, Safet. "Bosna i Hercegovina i konstituisanje Avnojske Jugoslavije (1943-1945)." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 10 (2023): 148–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.148.

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Many states, like Yugoslavia, emerged from conflicting historical currents. A critical examination of the socio-historical multi-directional flows after the chaotic April War of 1941 and the rapid disintegration of monarchical Yugoslavia also encompasses rational knowledge of opposing political and national perspectives dating back to 1918 when it was established, with its problematic events between the two World Wars, their causes, and consequences. The turbulent interwar legacy and the failure to address acute problems within the state influenced the dramatic situation and conflicts in occup

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Costalli, Stefano, Francesco Niccolò Moro, and Andrea Ruggeri. "The Logic of Vulnerability and Civilian Victimization." World Politics 72, no. 4 (2020): 679–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004388712000012x.

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ABSTRACTWhat causes civilian victimization in conventional civil wars and in conventional wars that experience insurgencies? The authors argue that a key driver of civilian victimization is the vulnerability of the incumbent forces, specifically when the conflict’s front line is shifting. Vulnerability is a function of informational and logistical challenges: when the front line is moving, incumbents face increased informational uncertainty and unstable supply chains that augment their vulnerability. Thus, incumbents will increase the use of civilian victimization in response to a scarcity of

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Burkett, Paul, and Martin Hart-Landsberg. "Progressive capitalism, crisis, and class struggle: Lessons from Japan's production control and democracy movements, 1945-47." Capital & Class 27, no. 1 (2003): 25–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680307900104.

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Despite the recent upsurge of global economic instability and anti-capitalist protest, many left economists and progressive policy programs continue to draw their main inspiration from the purported equity and efficiency of particular varieties of capitalism. This tendency derives its legitimacy in large part from ‘progressive competitiveness' interpretations of the postwar Japanese experience. Unfortunately, these interpretations and the politics they encourage are based on a faulty understanding of Japanese history. To help correct this bias, we revisit the struggle to reshape the Japanese p

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Lysenko, Oleksandr, and Mykola Mykhailutsa. "Orthodoxy of Ukraine During the Occupation, 1939-1944: Confessional Transformations and Political Contexts." Eminak, no. 4(40) (December 31, 2022): 254–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2022.4(40).618.

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The purpose of the research paper is to analyze the influence of the social and political conditions on changes in confessional life in the occupied Ukrainian lands during World War II. The scientific novelty: it is claimed that it was social and political conditions that caused drastic changes in the confessional map of Ukraine in 1939-1945. The determinant factor of the occupation policy – the destruction of the established confessional configuration that traditionally existed on Ukrainian lands in the USSR, Poland and Romania – has been proven. Autocephalous tendencies in Orthodox lif

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The Editors. "Notes from the Editors, May 2015." Monthly Review 67, no. 1 (2015): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-01-2015-05_0.

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<div class="buynow"><a title="Back issue of Monthly Review, May 2015 (Volume 67, Number 1)" href="http://monthlyreview.org/back-issues/mr-067-01-2015-05/">buy this issue</a></div>As we write these notes in March 2015, the Pentagon's official Vietnam War Commemoration, conducted in cooperation with the U.S. media, is highlighting the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of the U.S. ground war in Vietnam, marked by the arrival of two Marine battalions in De Nang on March 8, 1965. This date, however, was far from constituting the beginning of the war. The first American t

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Rossetti Di Valdalbero, Domenico. "La crise du système politique italien par des observateurs socio-politiques nationaux." Res Publica 38, no. 1 (1996): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v38i1.18649.

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In the last five years, the Italian political system registered its most important crisis. All parties, existing since the second world war, disappeared or were greatly transformed. The main purpose of this article is to analyse the deepest causes of the first Italian republic's collapse, following some specific interpretations of ltalian political observers.L. Ricolfi bases his theory on the emergence of "Lega" and the return of laïque culture in Italy. The old christian democratic and communist parties will suffer the most from these changes.A. Sofri emphasizes the identity of northern regio

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Larionova, Marina, and John Kirton. "Global Governance After the COVID-19 Crisis." International Organisations Research Journal 15, no. 2 (2020): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-02-01.

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Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on international institutions and international relations is essential for shaping global governance for the post COVID crisis world. The authors review the actions of the key international institutions in response to the pandemic undertaken in January-March 2020 reflecting on three questions. First, were the actions undertaken by the international institutions adequate, coordinated and timely? Second, could the outbreak have been contained if the global governance system was not in a state of severe strain, with many of the gaps exposed and reforms promise

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Luszniewicz, Jacek. "Procesy inflacyjne w Polsce w latach 1945-1955 - przejawy, fazy, uwarunkowania, konsekwencje. Przyczynek do badań nad inflacją w PRL." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 93–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.2.5.

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The subject of this paper is inflation in Poland in the first decade after the Second World War and its goals include identification of causes, examples, phases and consequences of inflation in People’s Poland in that period. In socialist economy inflation was only in small part expressed by increase in prices and in large part in different examples of “bad” market (shortages, queues, rationing etc.). Therefore the analysis concentrtes on inflation understood as consumer surplus demand. Subsequent parts of the text analyse: theories on inflation sources and mechanisms in socialist economies an

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Abdel Razzaq, M. Shaheen Siham. "Iraq's official position on political developments in Iran (1941-1945)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 223, no. 1 (2017): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v223i1.333.

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The events that took place in Iran during the second world war are considered an important item for Iraqi diplomacy and follow-up by the Foreign Ministry in Iraq. On the other hand, this Iraqi diplomacy was considered to be quite flexible when a reshuffle occurred. It was looking for its causes and linking them, and then adopting accurate scenarios to protect its interests. Iraq was not far from what was happening in Iran .When Mohammad Reza Pahlavi took power in Iran, The oil conflict has also existed. In addition to Iran's strategic position, making US intervention clear. Which prompted Iran

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Lutsyk, Iryna. "Medieval Christian funeral sites on the territory of Halych-Volynian lands: archaeological research after 1939." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 26 (October 25, 2022): 302–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2022-26-302-341.

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Propose continuation of the article published in the previous issue, devoted to archaeological studies of medieval Christian burial sites on the territory of the Halych-Volynian lands, conducted before 1939. Due to the fact that the indicated areas were at different times under the authority of different states, where archaeological studies of burial sites took place, accumulation of materials and their publication, etc. were conducted, several periods of research were distinguished. It is noted that changes on the political map of the world took place once again with the beginning of the Seco

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Kuniński, Miłowit. "Ideowe zmagania Stefana Kisielewskiego z polskim komunizmem." Argument: Biannual Philosophical Journal 8, `1 (2018): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20841043.8.1.1.

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Stefan Kisielewski’s intellectual struggle with Polish communism: Stefan Kisielewski (1911–1991) a Polish novelist, composer, music critic, essayist, feature writer and a politician, was an exceptional personage in post‑World War II Poland. In his features, published in Tygodnik Powszechny since 1945, in a light, ironic and allusive way to prevent censorship, he described the Polish reality that his readers were acquainted with, in a way that revealed the real causes of the phenomena he observed. The truth was simple: the communist reality was the result of politico‑economic system that was im

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Malkin, Stanislav, and Sergey Buranok. "Development by RAND Corporation of Practical Guidelines for the U.S. Armed Forces in Vietnam Based on Analysis of Japanese Experience with the Manjuri Rebels." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 2 (April 2022): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.2.7.

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Introduction. Recently, the interest of representatives of the expert and scientific community has been growing in the transformations of one of the most famous practices of rebel activity after the Second World War – the Maoist model of people’s war. Its interpretations in the framework of expert support for the foreign policy activities of the USA are prompted with great attention and caution not only to the role of methodological restrictions, disciplinary filters, the intellectual climate and relations with customers of analytic products of this kind. No less important, as this article sho

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Kostina, A. V. "Features of awareness-raising work at the higher educational institution at the present stage of geopolitical development." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 11 (September 18, 2022): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2211-05.

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In the conditions of the special operation, sanctions oppression, and information war, which has been waged against Russia by Western countries constantly since 1945, but with particular intensity since 2014 and especially in the current situation, the goals of awareness-raising work at the higher educational institution are being utterly concretized. This is not only the development of sought-after cross-professional competencies like innovation, creativity, communication, and solidarity, but also, and perhaps, most importantly, the formation of a holistic worldview of young people, i.e. a wo

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Rohwer, Jürgen. "The Wireless World at War, 1939–1945." International History Review 16, no. 3 (1994): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1994.9640687.

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Levitus, S., G. Matishov, I. Smolyar, et al. "World War II (1939-1945) Oceanographic Observations." Data Science Journal 12 (2013): 102–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2481/dsj.13-030.

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Zubko, Olga. "INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION INTELLIGENCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATION OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC: ANOMALY, FOBIA, PATHOLOGY AND DEVIATION (1921-1939)." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 39 (2019): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.4.

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The informal reflection of the transformation of the life positioning of the emigrants from Ukraine is, mostly part, the prerogative of social psychology and sociology. While the question of interpersonal relations is primarily the indicator of political moods, and, moreover, the indicator of everyday life in the historical context. And it is well know the routine transforms into a center of active cultural genesis in the watershed years: in the collisions of social disorder, the outline of the Future is born and form. In turn, when in a real life the established connections are broken, someth

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Seymour-Ure, Colin. "The world war 1939–1945: the cartoonists' vision." International Affairs 68, no. 2 (1992): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623278.

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Axworthy, M. W. A., and Dinu C. Giurescu. "Romania in the Second World War, 1939-1945." Journal of Military History 65, no. 1 (2001): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677481.

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الموسوي, ربيع حيدر, and تغريد جاسم عطية. "African Americans and World War II, 1939-1945." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 31 (2017): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2017/v1.i31.6176.

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African Americans actively participated in the Second World War 1939-1945 AD. Behind their participation was high hopes for obtaining their rights as first-class citizens, after the discriminatory practices they were subjected to by both the government and society, but despite that, African Americans suffered from The same racist treatment even within the military institution, which led to an increase in the demands, and they began to organize themselves more to obtain the desired goal of freedom and equality.

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Niedojadło, Andrzej. "Syberiada, czyli polska golgota na Wschodzie. Historyczna pamięć społeczna elementem wychowania patriotycznego." Kultura - Przemiany - Edukacja 9 (2021): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/kpe.2021.9.4.

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It has been 102 years since Poland regained independence in 1918 and 82 years since the outbreak of World War II. This article, being devoted to the situation of Poles deported deep into the USSR, their martyrdom and even the Holocaust (it was better for the Soviets to destroy them through hard work, not by shooting, saving ammunition), inclines us to reflect on the issues of patriotism, national identity and the issue of security and defense of the country today. The problems discussed here are historically encompassed within the time period of 1939–1943, i.e. the most difficult time for Pole

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Sienkiewicz Wilowska, Julia Anastazja. "Sytuacja edukacyjna, społeczna i ekonomiczna Żydówek w powiecie wałeckim (Prusy Zachodnie) w okresie od XVIII do początków XX wieku." Edukacja Międzykulturowa 1, no. 16 (2022): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/em.2022.01.04.

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In this article, I analyze the functioning of women in Jewish communities in the Wałcz County (Kreis Deutsch Krone), which was part of West Prussia until the end of 1945. This area, located initially between West Prussia and Pomerania and later between several Prussian provinces, was particularly conducive to Jewish settlement. As a result, for example in Miroslawiec (Märkisch Friedland), located in the Wałcz district, at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Jewish population constituted as much as 55%. So far, few publications have been written about the Jewish communities functioning

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Willis, Ian. "Camden at War: Second World War, 1939-1945: A Brief Overview." AQ: Australian Quarterly 78, no. 1 (2006): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20638375.

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