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Journal articles on the topic 'World War II aerial bombardment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Alexander, Amanda. "The “Good War”: Preparations for a War against Civilians." Law, Culture and the Humanities 15, no. 1 (2016): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872116651224.

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This article argues that the narratives told about the Great War helped to establish the bombardment of civilians during World War II as an ethical, military and legal possibility. It shows that the literary representation of the Great War was antagonistic towards civilians, suggesting that a fairer war would affect the entire nation. Military strategists accepted this premise and planned for a future war that would be directed against civilian populations. International lawyers also adopted this narrative and, constrained by it and their disciplinary conventions, found it hard to posit any st

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Nechvatal, Joseph. "La beauté tragique: Mapping the Militarization of Spatial Cultural Consciousness." Leonardo 34, no. 1 (2001): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409401300052460.

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The author investigates the militarization of immersive cultural consciousness, as initiated by the aerial bombardment of civilians at Guernica and during World War II. Parallel to this trend he observes an ambient-immersive impetus in post-war art, which he traces in the example of the Espace group, and in the currently developing technology of virtual reality.

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PAGE, ADAM. "‘Foreshadows and Repercussions’: Histories of Air War and the Recasting of Cities and Citizens." Contemporary European History 23, no. 4 (2014): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777314000368.

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In the preface to the 1941 edition to his 1908 novel, The War in the Air, H. G. Wells wrote: ‘I told you so. You damned fools’. The books discussed here illustrate how, in the few intervening decades, air war moved from a fearful vision into reality, and detail the varied experiences and consequences of the aerial bombardment of cities and civilians. The histories of air power and the aerial bombardment of cities have centred on the Second World War, moving from the humanising endurance of Londoners during the Blitz to the entirely dehumanised horror of the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasak

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Higonnet, Margaret R. "Child Witnesses: The Cases of World War I and Darfur." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 121, no. 5 (2006): 1565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900099879.

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Why, the war is for children.—Angelo PatriAs the First “Total” War of the Twentieth century, World War I marked a turning point in the understanding of what Goya had called the disasters of war. The years 1914–18 witnessed a difficult struggle to recognize and defend civilian rights in wartime, rights that had primarily been defined as those of soldiers and prisoners of war, under the Taws and Customs of War on Tand, established at The Hague in 1899 and 1907. Wartime conditions that blurred lines between civilian and combatant unleashed violations of civilians' human rights that the convention

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Rose, Edward P. F. "Aerial photographic intelligence during World War II: contributions by some distinguished British geologists." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 473, no. 1 (2018): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp473.13.

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Garon, Sheldon. "On the Transnational Destruction of Cities: What Japan and the United States Learned from the Bombing of Britain and Germany in the Second World War*." Past & Present 247, no. 1 (2020): 235–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtz054.

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Abstract How did it become ‘normal’ to bomb civilians? Focusing on the aerial bombardment of China, Germany, Britain, and Japan in 1937-45, this essay spotlights the role of transnational learning in the construction and destruction of ‘home fronts’. Belligerents vigorously studied each other's strategies to destroy the enemy's cities and ‘morale’, while investigating efforts to defend one's own home front by means of ‘civilian defence’. The inclusion of Japan, as bomber and bombed, contributes to a more global, connected history of the Second World War. Japan's sustained bombardment of Chines

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Degaspari, John. "Look, Ma, No Pilot!" Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 11 (2003): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-nov-3.

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This paper reviews history of unmanned aircraft that are making news today. A team led by the inventor Charles Kettering had developed the airborne contraption, conceived as a top-secret weapon to deliver explosives against enemy troops. The craft was the first practical unmanned airplane. Unmanned aerial vehicles such as this circa 1946 target drone were built by the Radioplane Co. to train antiaircraft gunners during World War II. Weary bombers, such as the radio-controlled B-17G Flying Fortress, were used with small success as flying bombs during the World War II. World War II era target dr

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Maier, Charles S. "Targeting the city: Debates and silences about the aerial bombing of World War II." International Review of the Red Cross 87, no. 859 (2005): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383100184322.

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AbstractThe article goes back to the early discussions of the morality of city bombing which took place before and during World War II and attempts to analyze both the moral argumentation and its historical context from the 1940s until today. The development of the doctrine of “collateral damage” which recognized that attacking enemy factories was permissible even if it cost the lives and homes of civilians was soon widened beyond its original notion. After the war, the dropping of the atomic bombs became an issue in its own right, to be considered separately from the earlier recourse to conve

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Spennemann and Poynter. "Using 3D Spatial Visualisation to Interpret the Coverage of Anti-Aircraft Batteries on a World War II Battlefield." Heritage 2, no. 3 (2019): 2457–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2030151.

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Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) focuses on the documentation and visualization of heritage properties which are confined in their permanent terrestrial space. This paper extended the concept of Heritage Building Information Modeling to the airspace above the sites. It presented a methodology for the 3D spatial visualisation of the aerial space controlled by anti-aircraft (AA) guns, taking into account the masking effects of the underlying terrain and the technological capabilities of the guns (rate of fire, projectile weight, etc.). The tool permits a nuanced analysis of the inte

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Okolotin, Vladimir S. "PRODUCTION OF SPECIAL PRODUCTS AT IVANOVO FURNITURE FACTORY (PLANT NO. 43) DURING WORLD WAR II." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2020): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-83-87.

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The article is devoted to the study of Ivanovo furniture factory, which during World War II operated under the provisional name «plant No. 43» of the People’s Commissariat of the forest industry. Fulfi lling the orders of the State Defence Committee of the USSR, it produced landing and sanitary aerial vehicles, special caps for 45 mm shells, cases for anti-tank mines and other special products for the active army. The article refl ects the problems of the development of these types of products by the combine, the organisation of production cooperation for the production of individual component

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Freeman-Maloy, Dan. "Mahal and the Dispossession of the Palestinians." Journal of Palestine Studies 40, no. 2 (2011): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2011.xl.2.43.

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The participation of thousands of overseas volunteers (the Mahal) in Zionist military operations conducted throughout the 1948 war has received insufficient critical attention. Mainly English-speaking World War II veterans recruited by the Zionist movement in the West for their expertise in such needed specializations as artillery, armored warfare, and aerial combat, the Mahal's importance to the military effort far exceeded their numbers. Situating their involvement within the broader historical context of Western support for the Zionist project, this article examines their role within the Ha

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Stein, Stephen K. "A Review of “Spies in the Sky: The Secret Battle for Aerial Intelligence during World War II”." History: Reviews of New Books 41, no. 3 (2013): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2013.787891.

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Spennemann, Dirk H. R. "The Use of 3-D Spatial Visualisation in the Interpretation of the World War ii Battlefield of Kiska." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 37, no. 2 (2017): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03702004.

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The assessment of the cultural landscape of a battlefield requires hindcasting a battle commander’s view of the terrain and situation. For World War ii-era battlefields such analysis has to take into account the influence of aerial warfare – the interplay between attacking aircraft and the siting of anti-aircraft guns. Using the case example of Kiska (Aleutian Islands), this paper describes an example of three-dimensional spatial visualisation used to examine the nature and capability of anti-aircraft guns on the Japanese base of Kiska.

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Ossowski, Andrzej, Milena Bykowska-Witowska, and Piotr Brzeziński. "Application of analysis of aerial photographs in search of burial sites of victims of war and totalitarian crimes." Issues of Forensic Science 299 (2018): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2018.299.5.

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The search for invisible and clandestine burial places of victims of wars and totalitarian crimes is a very difficult task. Research and exhumation teams use various methods to help locate burial places. According to the experience of our team, one of the best sources of information about burials are archival and contemporary aerial photographs. During World War II, aerial photography became one of the most important tools for warfare reconnaissance. For this reason, huge numbers of aerial photographs are currently available, in which the victim’s burial sites have been accidentally recorded.

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Khalil, M., and J. Satish Kumar. "THE USE OF AHP WITHIN GIS FOR DESTRUCTED AREAS IN DAMASCUS, SYRIA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-103-2021.

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Abstract. War This is a word that everyone fears as a result of the violence and devastation it leaves, as there have been many wars around the world that have greatly affected the lives of civilians. Infrastructure, homes, hospitals, and other public facilities have been damaged and partially or largely destroyed. Syria is a country in south-western Asia, located near the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey. Syria is which suffered from war for more than 10 years and still. This is a study on the city of Damascus, the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic, many of its areas were destr

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Holmes, Ben. "TheInternational Review of the Red Crossand the protection of civilians, c. 1919–1939." International Review of the Red Cross 100, no. 907-909 (2018): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000134.

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AbstractThis article will use past issues of theInternational Review of the Red Crossto examine how the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement) has engaged with the issue of civilian protection over the course of its history. Although founded to organize humanitarian relief and legal protection for wounded and sick combatants, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the wider Movement have increasingly incorporated civilian war victims into their remit since their establishment. Yet, as this article will highlight, this process has not been straightforward. Fo

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Beach, Stephen, Bob Clarke, and Lorraine A. Mepham. "A Multi-Phase 20th-Century Military Landscape Near Shipton Bellinger, Salisbury Plain." Hampshire Studies 75, no. 1 (2020): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020009.

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The investigation of a World War I (WWI) practice trench system on Salisbury Plain has revealed a wealth of detail about the construction and use of this military landscape. The archaeological works has also led to the recognition of at least three later periods of activity on the site, all connected with aspects of conflict, including World War II (WWII) and the Korean War. Finds comprising a mixture of issued equipment and personal objects from the excavations provide evidence of the conditions experienced by personnel while in training on Salisbury Plain. A particularly interesting find is

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Hutchinson, Harry. "Plowshares to Swords and Back." Mechanical Engineering 127, no. 07 (2005): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2005-jul-3.

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This article reviews the military buildup of World War II that led to victory and, by an indirect route, to a richer world. The creation of the US armaments industry is breathtaking for the speed with which it developed. After the surprise attack at the close of 1941, it did not take much time for the country to respond. Shocked by a sneak attack, Americans were able to put their love affair with the car on hold to make war machines. The entire US automotive industry converted its plants to the war effort, and much of that industrial might was devoted to building airplanes. Technologies develo

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Perevalova, S. V. "Review of Vinogradova, L. (2015). Defending the Motherland. Women fighter pilots of the Great Patriotic War. Moscow: Kolibri, Azbuka-Attikus. 448 pages." Voprosy literatury, no. 6 (February 7, 2019): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-6-390-395.

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The review considers the opinions of L. Vinogradova, who wrote a book about Soviet women pilots during World War II, based on the recently discovered documentary evidence and witness reports, as well as taking into account the relevant experience of her predecessors. At the centre of the book is a life story of the war hero L. Litvyak, who shared a similar lot with her sisters in arms. Following the descriptions in war correspondent V. Grossman’s Stalingrad Notebooks [Stalingradskie tetradi], the author details aerial battles in the skies above Stalingrad. In her reconstruction of the ferociou

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Abu Hassan, Shamil. "Effective Range of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the Malaysian Army Tactical Operations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.399.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has been used in military application even during the conflicts in World War II. The utilization of UAV was further expanded during the Vietnam War and the role of “eye in the sky” has seen UAV became the ultimate ISTAR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance) tool for almost all conflicts. The evolution of UAV in various sizes and features will see UAV saturating the battlefield theater’s cloud in the future. This paper is to present the concept of operations of UAV in the military, segmented by units in battle to enable researchers to

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Kruse, C., F. Rottensteiner, and C. Heipke. "USING REDUNDANT INFORMATION FROM MULTIPLE AERIAL IMAGES FOR THE DETECTION OF BOMB CRATERS BASED ON MARKED POINT PROCESSES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-861-2020.

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Abstract. Many countries were the target of air strikes during World War II. Numerous unexploded bombs still exist in the ground. These duds can be tracked down with the help of bomb craters, indicating areas where unexploded bombs may be located. Such areas are documented in so-called impact maps based on detected bomb craters. In this paper, a stochastic approach based on marked point processes (MPPs) for the automatic detection of bomb craters in aerial images taken during World War II is presented. As most areas are covered by multiple images, the influence of redundant image information o

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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "LAWRENCE RICKARD WAGER (1904–1965): A DISTINGUISHED GEOLOGIST WHO HELPED TO PIONEER AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION FOR ALLIED FORCES IN WORLD WAR II." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 1 (2019): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.1.59.

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ABSTRACT ‘Bill’ Wager, after undergraduate and postgraduate studies at the University of Cambridge, became a lecturer at the University of Reading in southern England in 1929. He was granted leave in the 1930s to participate in lengthy expeditions that explored the geology of Greenland, an island largely within the Arctic Circle. With friends made on those expeditions, he became in June 1940 an early recruit to the Photographic Development Unit of the Royal Air Force that pioneered the development of aerial photographic interpretation for British armed forces. He was quickly appointed to lead

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Moravánszky, Ákos. "Blow-Up: The Powers of Scale." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_8_1.

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During the decades following World War II, efforts were made to connect the rhetoric of the human scale with that of a superhuman, geographic or territorial scale. Aerial photography has opened up an all-encompassing view of the universe, presented in scalar sequences as the visual foundation for a new humanity. In the US, the large-scale regional project of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Attempts at integrating ecological, engineering, landscaping, architectural, and aesthetic concerns to realize a socio-economical vision were followed with enormous interest in Europe – before and afte

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Spennemann, Dirk HR. "Using KOCOA Military Terrain Analysis for the Assessment of Twentieth Century Battlefield Landscapes." Heritage 3, no. 3 (2020): 753–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030042.

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Military terrain analysis serves as a tool to examine a battle commander’s view of a battlefield and permits to hindcast some of the rationale for actions taken. This can be augmented by physical evidence of the remains of the battle that still exist in the cultural landscape. In the case of World War II-era battlefields, such terrain analysis has to take into account the influence of aerial warfare—the interrelationship between attacking aircraft and the siting of anti-aircraft guns. This paper examines these issues using the case example of the Japanese WWII-era base on Kiska in the Aleutian

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Kruse, C., F. Rottensteiner, and C. Heipke. "MARKED POINT PROCESSES FOR THE AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF BOMB CRATERS IN AERIAL WARTIME IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-51-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many countries were the target of air strikes during the Second World War. The aftermath of such attacks is felt until today, as numerous unexploded bombs or duds still exist in the ground. Typically, such areas are documented in so-called impact maps, which are based on detected bomb craters. This paper proposes a stochastic approach to automatically detect bomb craters in aerial wartime images that were taken during World War II. In this work, one aspect we investigate is the type of object model for the crater: we compare circles with ellipses

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Barone, Pier Matteo. "Bombed Archaeology: Towards a Precise Identification and a Safe Management of WWII’s Dangerous Unexploded Bombs." Heritage 2, no. 4 (2019): 2704–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040167.

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The massive bombings during World War II (WWII) have had a lasting impact across the Italian landscape. The problem of dangerous unexploded bombs is particularly relevant since the bombsites are buried beneath the soil close to inhabited and/or touristic areas. Archaeological sites, such as Pompeii and Vulci, were heavily bombed, and nowadays, archaeologists excavate these bombs during their digs. Thus, there is a real risk to people’s safety. While the aerial photo collection is a powerful record of the landscapes of wartime Italy, plotting buried unexploded bomb hazard maps remains important

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Oppenheimer, Andrew. "Air Wars and Empire: Gandhi and the Search for a Usable Past in Postwar Germany." Central European History 45, no. 4 (2012): 669–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938912000647.

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A manWho sets a house ablaze is anArsonist who is prosecuted and punishedUnder the law.A manWho turns entire cities toDebris and ash is aConquerorWho is hailed as a hero.This poem, published in an early postwar edition of the German-language pacifist journalDer Friedensbote, encapsulates a vision of modern war that circulated among German peace activists during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It is an image of war as arson on a massive scale, of strategic bombing campaigns that burned cities and civilians to ashes. Of course, the less than subtle allusion here is to the aerial assaults carried

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Clermont, D., C. Kruse, F. Rottensteiner, and C. Heipke. "SUPERVISED DETECTION OF BOMB CRATERS IN HISTORICAL AERIAL IMAGES USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W16 (September 17, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w16-67-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The aftermath of the air strikes during World War II is still present today. Numerous bombs dropped by planes did not explode, still exist in the ground and pose a considerable explosion hazard. Tracking down these duds can be tackled by detecting bomb craters. The existence of a dud can be inferred from the existence of a crater. This work proposes a method for the automatic detection of bomb craters in aerial wartime images. First of all, crater candidates are extracted from an image using a blob detector. Based on given crater references, for

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Tucholski, Zbigniew. "Wydawnictwa Techniczne Ministerstwa Komunikacji (1934–1939; 1946–1948)." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 5 (September 15, 2020): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2011.279.

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The article deals with the beginnings of the Polish railway technological literature during the interwar period. It discusses the historical and typographical issues of the series entitled Wydawnictwa Techniczne Ministerstwa Komunikacji (The Technical Publications of the Ministry of Communication), opened in 1935, by the monograph Hamulce kolejowe (Railway Brakes) by eng. Mieczysław Zabłocki. During the years 1935–1939, there appeared twenty volumes in the series. Most of them were related to the technological issues of railway construction and development, although one dealt with air transpor

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Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-95-2016.

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A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale a

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Trinder, John C. "THE CURRENT STATUS OF MAPPING IN THE WORLD – SPOTLIGHT ON OCEANIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 13, 2016): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-95-2016.

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A summary is presented of the results of questionnaires sent to mapping agencies in Oceania, covering Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Island countries, to investigate the status of mapping in those countries. After World War II, the Australian Federal Government funded the initial small scale mapping of the whole country leading to increased percentages of map coverage of Australia. Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories in Australia, including cadastral mapping. In New Zealand mapping is maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) at 1:50,000 scale a

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Holmes, Stephen B., and Chris J. K. MacQuarrie. "Chemical control in forest pest management." Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (2016): S270—S295. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.71.

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AbstractChemical insecticides have been an important tool in the management of forest insect pests in Canadian forests. Aerial application of insecticides began in the 1920s and expanded greatly after World War II with the widespread adoption of DDT primarily for the suppression of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and other defoliating insects. Significant progress was made in the development of new chemical insecticides and formulations including fenitrothion and tebufenozide, as well as technology for the application of insecticides against various

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Chrósny, Weronika. "Historia koszar kawaleryjskich przy Łazienkach Warszawskich w latach 1918-1945." Artifex Novus, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/an.7829.

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             W artykule została przedstawiona historia koszar kawaleryjskich, znajdujących się w pobliżu Ogrodu Królewskiego - "Łazienki Warszawskie" w latach 1918-1939. Metodologia zastosowana w tekście opierała się na zapisach archiwalnym i bibliotecznych, analizie materiałów kartograficznych i zdjęciach lotniczych. Autorka opisała koszary kawalerii w Warszawie, w których stacjonował 1 Pułk Kawalerii i 1 Dywizjon Artylerii Konnej, podkreślając wszystkie przemiany przestrzenno-architektoniczne, które miały miejsce w

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Rault, C., T. J. B. Dewez, and B. Aunay. "STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION PROCESSING OF AERIAL ARCHIVE PHOTOGRAPHS: SENSITIVITY ANALYSES PAVE THE WAY FOR QUANTIFYING GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES SINCE 1978 IN LA RÉUNION ISLAND." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-773-2020.

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Abstract. Landscapes have been photographed dozens of times at scales ca. 1/25,000 and better since World War II. Scans are distributed freely online (e.g. remonterletemps.ign.fr). In parallel, Structure-from-Motion (SFM) software made photogrammetric processing easy to non-specialists. Yet puzzling questions crop up to use both: (i) Can raw scans be used as is? (ii) Can Ground Control Points (GCP) and checkpoints be safely collected from a web portal? (iii) How many parameters are sufficient for camera interior orientation? (iv) Are single flight camera networks sufficient to constrain camera

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Hussey, Stephen. "The School Air-Raid Shelter: Rethinking Wartime Pedagogies." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 4 (2003): 517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00133.x.

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At the outbreak of World War II on the 3rd of September 1939, the British government feared that Britain's cities would soon be targeted by the German Luftwaffe, and within three days in early September it enacted a mass evacuation scheme that had been prepared the year before. That scheme entailed a huge movement of population, relocating 1.5 million of Britain's city children, their teachers, mothers with preschool children, and pregnant women from their homes to the safety of small towns and villages in designated “reception” areas. Evacuation would empty the threatened inner cities of the

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Trunov, Ph O. "The Process of Equipping the Bundeswehr: Determination, “Narrow Places” and Results with Drones by the Early 2020s." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 4 (2021): 176–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-4-11.

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The usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been becoming one of the factors of the armed conflicts development and also the regulation of them. It means that readiness and ability to use UAVs effectively and the scale of equipping the armed forces with UAVs are rather important criteria of the legal capacity of the state armed forces. The article tries to explore the development of this process on the example of German armed forces which traditionally has had rather developed and high-tech industrial base.The Bundeswehr`s equipping with drones allows not only to decide some military-tact

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Kolster, Mick Emil, and Arne Døssing. "Scalar magnetic difference inversion applied to UAV-based UXO detection." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 1 (2020): 468–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa483.

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SUMMARY During scalar magnetic surveys, where the amplitude of the magnetic field is measured, small changes in towed sensor positions can produce complex noise-resembling signals in the data. For well-constructed measurement systems, these signals often contain valuable information, rather than noise, but it can difficult to realize their potential. We present a simple, general approach, which can be used to directly invert data from scalar magnetic surveys, regardless of dynamic or unexpected sensor position variations. The approach generalizes classic along-track gradients to an iterative,

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"Interview with Richard Overy." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 900 (2015): 969–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383116000175.

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Richard Overy is Professor of History at the University of Exeter and the author of more than twenty-five books on the age of the World Wars and European dictatorship, including The Bombing War: Europe 1939–1945. He is a Fellow of the British Academy.Airpower has been used in armed conflicts since World War I. Aircraft have been deployed in support of the army on the ground and the navy on the surface. However, the twentieth century, with two World Wars, has also seen aerial bombardment of cities that fell outside the traditional use of airpower. During World War II, as part of the ideology of

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Adey, Peter. "Holding Still: The Private Life of an Air Raid." M/C Journal 12, no. 1 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.112.

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In PilsenTwenty-six Station Road,She climbed to the third floorUp stairs which were all that was leftOf the whole house,She opened her doorFull on to the sky,Stood gaping over the edge.For this was the placeThe world ended.Thenshe locked up carefullylest someone stealSiriusor Aldebaranfrom her kitchen,went back downstairsand settled herselfto waitfor the house to rise againand for her husband to rise from the ashesand for her children’s hands and feet to be stuck back in placeIn the morning they found herstill as stone, sparrows pecking her hands.Five Minutes after the Air Raidby Miroslav Holu

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Möbius, Torben. "World War II Aerial Bombings of Germany: Fear as Subject of National Socialist Governmental Practices." Storicamente 11 (January 11, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.12977/stor606.

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Christensen, Chris. "Review of Operation Vengeance: The Astonishing Aerial Ambush That Changed World War II by Dan Hampton." Cryptologia, November 5, 2020, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1839816.

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"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning using Bat Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 5 (2020): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e9285.069520.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) was introduced after World War II. In 1980’s UAV consider as important weapon system. Initially UAV needs initial position and target position. In this paper bat algorithm is proposed with mixed objective constraints which helps in directing the UAV. The process is initialized by generating the initial population of bat. Then by updating the population size and generation of bat the fitness value with minimum frequency is found that helps to avoid convergence among UAV. Finally the evaluation which gives minimum frequency is considered as optimal solution.

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"Luftkrieg und Zivilbevölkerung Doctrine and practice relating to the protection of civilians against aerial bombardment up to the outbreak of the Second World War." International Review of the Red Cross 32, no. 286 (1992): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400082486.

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"E.A. Milne and the creation of air defence: some letters from an unprincipled brigand, 1916-1919." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 44, no. 2 (1990): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1990.0020.

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During the First World War my father, the astrophysicist and mathematician E.A. Milne*, curtailed his undergraduate studies at Cambridge, and became one of ‘Hill’s Brigands’. They were a research group of talented mathematicians and physicists formed by the eminent physiologist A. V. Hill and centred at the naval gunnery school, HMS Excellent , at Portsmouth. Their investigations into anti-aircraft gunnery provided accurate knowledge, for the first time, of the behaviour of shells (1), and the conclusions they drew were compiled into a War Office textbook (2) which was still of use in World Wa

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Jucha, Witold, Paweł Franczak, and Piotr Sadowski. "Detection of World War II field fortifications using ALS and archival aerial images – German OKH Stellung b1 trenches in the south of the Polish Carpathians." Archaeological Prospection, July 23, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arp.1792.

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Juknelienė, Daiva, and Gintautas Mozgeris. "The spatial pattern of forest cover changes in Lithuania during the second half of the twentieth century." Žemės ūkio mokslai 22, no. 4 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/zemesukiomokslai.v22i4.3215.

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The trends of forest cover change in Lithuanian municipalities are introduced in the current paper. Two sources of information on the forest cover in 1950s and today (2013) were used in this study: (i) a geographic forest cover database developed using historical orthophotomaps based on aerial photography, which was carried out in the period just after the World War II, and (ii) the information originating from the State Forest Cadaster and referring to the year 2013. These two layers were compared using GIS overlay techniques. The data was made available for the analyses aggregated up to the

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Mason, Ashley. "Craters: Between cleared and constructed, between absent and present." Interstices: Journal of Architecture and Related Arts, December 25, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/ijara.v0i0.502.

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The following piece is a bricolage of both absence and presence, borne of the observation of such phenomena within a 1953 exhibition, held at the ICA, London, called Parallel of Life and Art. There were no captions. Only an accompanying catalogue detailing the titles and sources of each image. It is through both this catalogue and the photographs taken of the exhibition that it was discovered that one of the images was not always present. What seems significant is that this absent-present image was an aerial view of a crater. This paper, thus, deconstructs and re-textualises the spatial phenom

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Rivera, Jason. "A biological battlefield: The potential applications of using remote sensing technology and biomarker organisms for identifying, tracking, and differentiating persons of interest within an area of operations." Journal of Commercial Biotechnology 20, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5912/jcb643.

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Since World War II, the majority of American wartime engagements have been characterized by a series of low-intensity, asymmetric conflicts. These conflicts have increased the importance of understanding the dynamics of individual actors within complex battlespaces which in turn has led U.S. military commanders, intelligence professionals, and wartime decision makers to seek a variety of means for identifying, tracking, and differentiating persons of interest. From the jungles of Vietnam to the mountains of Afghanistan, the process of understanding the movements and activities of hostile actor

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Ryan, John C., Danielle Brady, and Christopher Kueh. "Where Fanny Balbuk Walked: Re-imagining Perth’s Wetlands." M/C Journal 18, no. 6 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1038.

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Special Care Notice This article contains images of deceased people that might cause sadness or distress to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers. Introduction Like many cities, Perth was founded on wetlands that have been integral to its history and culture (Seddon 226–32). However, in order to promote a settlement agenda, early mapmakers sought to erase the city’s wetlands from cartographic depictions (Giblett, Cities). Since the colonial era, inner-Perth’s swamps and lakes have been drained, filled, significantly reduced in size, or otherwise reclaimed for urban expansion (Bekle). N

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