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Orziev, Mahmud Zaynievich, and Ahmadjon Asror ogli Ahmadov. "THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE UNOPENED AFGHAN FRONT." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/3/14.
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This article highlights the activities of foreign spies and Turkestan immigrants in Afghanistan during World War II by analyzing historical sources and literature. Also, the National Organization of Bukhara and Bukhara residents in the territory of Afghanistan and the issues of its activities and fate were analyzed on the basis of primary sources. In addition, the causes and factors of the defeat of the German and Japanese espionage in Afghanistan have been covered
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Prozhiko, Galina Semenovna, and Galina Semyonovna Prozhiko. "Second World War Film Chronicle." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2010): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik2221-36.
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The article is a fragment of the book «The Screen of World Documentary», prepared for publication, and deals with the organization of propaganda and the artistic problems of newsreel and documentary film during World War II in the USA, Great Britain and Germany.
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Myagkov, M. Yu. "USSR in World War II." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 7–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-4-73-7-51.
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The article offers an overview of modern historical data on the origins, causes of World War II, the decisive role of the USSR in its victorious end, and also records the main results and lessons of World War II.Hitler's Germany was the main cause of World War II. Nazism, racial theory, mixed with far-reaching geopolitical designs, became the combustible mixture that ignited the fire of global conflict. The war with the Soviet Union was planned to be waged with particular cruelty.The preconditions for the outbreak of World War II were the humiliating provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty for the German people, as well as the attitude of the "Western democracies" to Russia after 1917 and the Soviet Union as an outcast of world development. Great Britain, France, the United States chose for themselves a policy of ignoring Moscow's interests, they were more likely to cooperate with Hitler's Germany than with Soviet Russia. It was the "Munich Agreement" that became the point of no return to the beginning of the Second World War. Under these conditions, for the USSR, its own security and the conclusion of a non-aggression pact with Germany began to come to the fore, defining the "spheres of interests" of the parties in order to limit the advance of German troops towards the Soviet borders in the event of German aggression against Poland. The non-aggression pact gave the USSR just under two years to rebuild the army and consolidate its defensive potential and pushed the Soviet borders hundreds of kilometers westward. The signing of the Pact was preceded by the failure in August 1939 of the negotiations between the military missions of Britain, France and the USSR, although Moscow took the Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations with all seriousness.The huge losses of the USSR in the summer of 1941 are explained by the following circumstances: before the war, a large-scale modernization of the Red Army was launched, a graduate of a military school did not have sufficient experience in managing an entrusted unit by June 22, 1941; the Red Army was going to bleed the enemy in border battles, stop it with short counterattacks by covering units, carry out defensive operations, and then strike a decisive blow into the depths of the enemy's territory, so the importance of a multi-echeloned long-term defense in 1941 was underestimated by the command of the Red Army and it was not ready for it; significant groupings of the Western Special Military District were drawn into potential salients, which was used by the Germans at the initial stage of the war; Stalin's fear of provoking Hitler to start a war led to slowness in making the most urgent and necessary decisions to bring troops to combat readiness.The Allies delayed the opening of the second front for an unreasonably long time. They, of course, achieved outstanding success in the landing operation in France, however, the enemy's losses in only one Soviet strategic operation in the summer of 1944 ("Bagration") are not inferior, and even exceed, the enemy’s losses on the second front. One of the goals of "Bagration" was to help the Allies.Soviet soldiers liberated Europe at the cost of their lives. At the same time, Moscow could not afford to re-establish a cordon sanitaire around its borders after the war, so that anti- Soviet forces would come to power in the border states. The United States and Great Britain took all measures available to them to quickly remove from the governments of Italy, France and other Western states all the left-wing forces that in 1944-1945 had a serious impact on the politics of their countries.
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Zhiryakov, Olexandr, and Serhii Pachev. "Using the alternative history method in the study of World War II." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (342) (2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-4(342)-16-26.
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The article discusses the scientific experience of using the „alternative history” method in the study of the history of the Second World War. The authors revealed the peculiarities of the methodology for applying this method in world historical science until the middle of the twentieth century, showed its research capabilities and shortcomings. The features of the use of the method of alternative history in the modern historiography of the Second World War are revealed. The purpose of this article is to compare the main methodological approaches to the application of the method of „alternative history” in the historiography of World War II, to determine the degree of their appropriateness and correctness. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set: to consider the genesis of the method of „alternative history”, to establish and reveal its key provisions, the algorithm of use, application and features of use in British and Russian historiography. At the present stage, the method of alternative history makes it possible to significantly expand the cognitive possibilities in the study of the history of the Second World War. Its use was pioneered by representatives of Anglo-American historiography. In the post-Soviet space, this method was established much later.
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Crowder, Michael. "World War II and Africa: Introduction." Journal of African History 26, no. 4 (October 1985): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700028747.
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Until the late 1970s the impact of the two world wars on Africa was a comparatively neglected area of its colonial history. In 1977 the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London drew attention to this neglect by organizing a symposium on the first of these two wars. A selection of the papers presented at that symposium was published in a special issue of this Journal in 1978. This proved to be a landmark in the study of the history of the First World War in Africa, which has since received much scholarly attention. By contrast, a survey written a few years ago of the Second World War in Africa could make relatively little use of original research. In 1983, however, the Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Brussels, published a large collection of papers on the Belgian Congo in the Second World War, and in 1984 Richard Rathbone and David Killingray organized a further conference at S.O.A.S. on the impact on Africa of the Second World War. This elicited over thirty papers by scholars from Africa, Europe and North America; they not only provided extensive geographical coverage but also represented a wide variety of interests: political, economic, social and cultural. The conference organizers have since edited a selection of these papers in book form: the topics range from the impact of the war on labour in Sierra Leone to relations between the colonial government and Christian missions in southern Cameroons.
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Djatej, Arsen, and Robert Sarikas. "The Second World War and Soviet accounting." Accounting History 14, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2009): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373208098551.
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This article examines the rapid changes to Soviet accounting practice during World War II. The adaptation of the pre-war accounting system was required to meet the extraordinary demands of a conflict that saw as much as 40 percent of the national population under German occupation. Many large production facilities were rapidly relocated out of the war zone to the Urals, Central Asia, and the Far East. Soviet wartime accounting was focused only on contributing to victory. Sometimes this meant establishing extremely simplified allocation procedures; sometimes this meant creating new accounts for enterprise assets temporarily under enemy control, and sometimes this meant extensive and thorough procedures to safeguard economic resources and military property. For scholars the war provided an example of how accounting can rapidly evolve to meet changing national priorities.
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BERNIK, VALERIJA. "WOMEN VETERANS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR." VETERANSKE ORGANIZACIJE – ALI JIH SPLOH POTREBUJEMO?/ VETERAN ORGANISATIONS – ARE THEY EVEN NEEDED?, VOLUME 2017/ ISSUE 19/2 (June 15, 2017): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.19.2.5.
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Povzetek Druga svetovna vojna je bila obdobje, ko so bile ženske prvič v zgodovini v velikem obsegu vključene v vojaško službo. Zavezniki so jih vključevali v vojaške aktivnosti že vse od začetka vojne, tako v civilnem kot v vojaškem sektorju. Sovjetska zveza je za vojaško službo mobilizirala največji odstotek ženske populacije, Združene države Amerike pa so oblikovale homogene ženske vojaške enote. Ženske so bile aktivne tudi v partizanskih vojskah v Evropi. Borke so pokazale izjemne sposobnosti, bile so dragocene za vojaško moč svoje države, vendar so bile množično demobilizirane, ko se je vojna končala. Veteranke so bile večinoma prisiljene sprejeti tradicionalne ženske družbene vloge in pozabiti na svoja medvojna junaštva. Ključne besede Ženske v vojski, veteranke, druga svetovna vojna, demobilizacija, reintegracija v družbo. Abstract World War II was the first time in history that women were called upon for military service to a great extent. The Allied military forces utilized women from the beginning of the war in both the civilian and military sectors. The Soviet Union mobilized the largest percent of female population to perform military tasks. The United States formed the all-female military units. Women were active in partisan armies all over Europe. Women soldiers proved themselves to be of great value for their countries, but when the war was over, they were demobilized en masse. As women veterans they were mostly forced to accept traditional feminine social roles and to forget about their inter-war bravery. Key words Women in the military, women veterans, second world war, demobilization, reintegration into society
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Grishaeva, L. "About guilters and winners in the Second World War." Diplomatic Service, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 6–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2002-01.
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The author writes about the inadmissibility of revising the main results of the Second World War, the consequences of which are acutely felt in the 21st century. About the role of the USSR in the Victory in World War II and the desire of the West to belittle it. About attempts to lay the main blame for the outbreak of war on the USSR along with Nazi Germany. On the responsibility of Western and «small» countries for the «pacification» of the aggressor. Why is this happening, who is responsible for starting the Second World War, what are the results of the war and what are their consequences — this article is devoted to the consideration of these fundamentally important issues.
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Abella, Irving. "Double Threat: Canadian Jews, the Military, and World War ii / Joey Jacobson’s War: A Jewish Airman in the Second World War." Canadian Historical Review 100, no. 3 (August 2019): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.100.3.br24.
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Grant, Susan, and Alice Fisher Fellow. "Nurses Across Borders: Displaced Russian and Soviet Nurses after World War I and World War II." Nursing History Review 22, no. 1 (2014): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.22.13.
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Russian and Soviet nurse refugees faced myriad challenges attempting to become registered nurses in North America and elsewhere after the World War II. By drawing primarily on International Council of Nurses refugee files, a picture can be pieced together of the fate that befell many of those women who left Russia and later the Soviet Union because of revolution and war in the years after 1917. The history of first (after World War I) and second (after World War II) wave émigré nurses, integrated into the broader historical narrative, reveals that professional identity was just as important to these women as national identity. This became especially so after World War II, when Russian and Soviet refugee nurses resettled in the West. Individual accounts become interwoven on an international canvas that brings together a wide range of personal experiences from women based in Russia, the Soviet Union, China, Yugoslavia, Canada, the United States, and elsewhere. The commonality of experience among Russian nurses as they attempted to establish their professional identities highlights, through the prism of Russia, the importance of the history of the displaced nurse experience in the wider context of international migration history.
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Harviainen, Tapani. "The Jews in Finland and World War II." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 21, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2000): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69575.
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In the years 1989–1944 two different wars against the Soviet Union were imposed upon Finland. During the Winter War of 1989–1940 Germany remained strictly neutral on the basis of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact&&Great Britain and France planned intervention in favour of Finland. When the second, so-called Continuation War broke out in the summer of 1041, Finland was co-belligerent of Germany, and Great Britain declared war on Finland in December 1941. De jure, however, Finland was never an ally of Germany, and at the end of the war, in the winter 1944–1945, the Finnish armed forces expelled the German troops from Lapland, which was devastated by the Germans during their retreat to Norway. Military service was compulsory for each male citizen of Finland. In 1939 the Jewish population of Finland numbered 1 700. Of these, 260 men were called up and approximately 200 were sent to serve at the front during the Winter War.
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Qualls, Karl D. "Urban Biography and the Reconstruction of Sevastopol after World War II." Russian History 41, no. 2 (May 18, 2014): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04102007.
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The Crimean War brought destruction to Russia’s Black Sea peninsula but, like Napoleon’s invasion fifty years earlier, the war also became a central event in Russia’s national history. In his The Origins of the Crimean War (1994), David Goldfrank introduced readers to the complex diplomatic wrangling that led to the Crimean War. This article seeks to explain how and why the Crimean War (or “first great defense”) rivals only World War II (the “second great defense”) in Sevastopol’s urban biography. Because of the work of writers, filmmakers, sculptors, and architects – who during and after World War II began to link the first great defense with the second and used images similar to Leo Tolstoy’s a century earlier – Sevastopol retains its close connection to its pre-Revolutionary military history. Even in the Soviet period, Sevastopol’s urban biography relied less on the Bolshevik Revolution and Civil War than it did on the Crimean War because of the narrative reframing during the 1940s.
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Richardson, F. C. "Radionavigation in the UK in World War II." Journal of Navigation 45, no. 1 (January 1992): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001047x.
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This paper, and the following one, were originally presented at an Institute afternoon meeting held at the RAF Museum, Hendon, on 5 June 1991. This first paper gives a personal view of the development and use of radionavigation techniques in the UK in World War II. The second paper gives some technical background to the systems discussed in the first one.
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Marian Zidaru. "SOE operations in Albania during the Second World War." Technium Social Sciences Journal 7 (May 4, 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v7i1.521.
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After Mussolini entered World War II on the side of Hitler, the British sent a colonel into Albania in April 1941 to help the resistance, but he was soon captured. It would not be until April 16, 1943, that two more SOE officers, Lt. Col. Neil McLean and Captain David Smiley, parachuted into northern Greece and crossed the border. Others would follow, including a former lieutenant in the Spanish Foreign Legion, Peter Kemp; Himalayan explorer Bill Tillman; and Reginald Hibbert, whose view of events in Albania in the years to come would put him bitterly at odds with his fellow SOE officers. SOE operations were hampered by woeful British ignorance about Albania. London had only a lower-level diplomatic presence there before the Italian occupation, and the main source of information had been an elderly Englishwoman who had lived there for 20 years. This paper told the story of SOE operations in Albania.
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Yarotskiy, Petro. "Church and world after the Second Vatican Council." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 66 (February 26, 2013): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.66.247.
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Cathedrals of the Catholic Church, as a rule, are gathering at the turning points of the development of the world and the life of the Church. II Vatican Council took place after the curves of the second drama of humanity in the Second World War, in the conditions of the post-war split of the world, first of all in Europe, in two opposing camps and the establishment of totalitarian regimes in the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, the collapse of the colonial system and the appearance on the political map of the world (first of all in Africa and Asia) of young independent countries. At the same time, the world was once again faced with the threat of a new, already thermonuclear war, which, like the Damocles sword, hangs over humanity. The problems of the post-war world development in the conditions of the growing scientific and technological revolution, the launch of the space era, as well as the uneven economic and social development of the world in the coordinates of the North-South, arose.
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Stone, Milburn J. "The Unfinished Journey: America since World War II. Second Edition." History: Reviews of New Books 21, no. 2 (January 1993): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1993.9948558.
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이상현. "An Unbalanced account of the Second 'World' War: A Critic on A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II." military history ll, no. 109 (December 2018): 163–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.29212/mh.2018..109.163.
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Batyuk, V. I. "Towards a Bipolar World. Book Review of ‘The Second World War and the Transformation of International Relations: From Multipolarity to a Bipolar World’ edited by L.S. Belousov and A.S. Manykin." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-4-228-234.
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In 2020 the whole world commemorated the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II — the most horrifi c war in the human history. However, the celebration of the victory over fascism was overshadowed by the growing tension among the leading actors of contemporary international relations. In this context, a high level of responsibility falls on the academic community to rebuff politically motivated attempts to rewrite history and revise the outcomes of this war. The book under review could make an important contribution to that end. The book provides a comprehensive and balanced analysis of the history of World War II. The reviewer emphasizes that rather than providing a detailed examination of military operations the authors focused on their impact on the development of the international relations system. In particular, the book provides a detailed picture of the complex interactions within the strategic triangle — the Soviet Union, the United States, and Great Britain — both during the war and in the years after the war. As a result, the book under review not only provides an opportunity to better understand the key trends in relationships between the Great Powers during the war, but also sheds new light on the origins of the bipolar system and the beginning of the Cold War. The reviewer concludes that, despite sometimes excessively Eurocentric approach of the authors, this book is a seminal work on the history of World War II and a major event for the Russian academic community. As such, this book can be recommended to both professional historians and a wider audience.
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Curran, Stephen John. "Electronic Countermeasures in the British Air War over Europe during World War II." International Journal of Aviation Systems, Operations and Training 1, no. 2 (July 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijasot.2014070104.
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World War II was the first war where electronics paid a large role in the conduct of the war. Electronic countermeasures were used by the British throughout the air war over Europe during the Second World War. Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) was used by the British as a foil to German navigation systems used during their bombing raids on the U.K. The British in their offensive air war with Germany adopted active and passive methods of countermeasures to nullify the German attempts to detect the attacking RAF aircraft.
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Doyle, Michael. "Cold War I, Post-Cold War, and Cold War II: The Overarching Contexts for Peacekeeping, Human Rights, and NATO." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 113 (2019): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.134.
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Peacekeeping, human rights, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have flourished in complementary contrast with each other. Their relationship has reflected the constraints and opportunities provided by three geopolitical eras since World War II. The first (the first Cold War) began in about 1948 and lasted until 1988; the second (the Post-Cold War Liberal Primacy) ran from 1989 to around 2012; finally, since 2012 the world has been threatened with the emergence of a second Cold War.
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Hart, Russell A. "The Origins of World War II, 3d ed, and: War Aims in the Second World War: The War Aims of the Major Belligerents, 1939-1945 (review)." Journal of Military History 71, no. 1 (2007): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2007.0032.
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Moldoveanu, Camelia. "The Legal Status of Jewish Properties after the Second World War." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Legal Studies 9, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/ausleg.2020.9.1.07.
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The author examines the legislative means by which the Jewish minority in Romania was dispossesd of its assets prior to World War II by the Fascist regime, and in the wake if this war, by the Communist regime. The study examines how, the post World War II govermennt willfully hindered the restitution of unlawfully taken Jewish assets, and how it has allowed not only the perpetuation of the dispossession which took place during the Holocaust, but has also added measures for the nationalization of Jewish assets. The post 1989 restitution process is also examined briefly, to outline the successive failures of the Romanian Government to enact proper restitution.
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Calvi, Licia, and Moniek Hover. "Crossroads: Life Changing Stories from the Second World War." Non-fiction Transmedia 5, no. 10 (December 31, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2016.jethc112.
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Crossroads is the name of the concept that narratively connects several WWII-related cultural institutions in Brabant. We were initially looking for ways to connect 4 otherwise very diverse World War II-related institutions (in fact, 3 museums and a commemoration centre) and we found it in this overarching paradigm. Crossroads does not require museums to share their collection items. It offers them instead a tool to build and offer visitors a cohesive experience related to WWII heritage. This experience is characterized by the specific focus into their WWII stories using storytelling that they can adopt. This paper will highlight the creative process that brought to the development of this concept and will discuss examples of the resulting transmedia narratives.
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Simpson, Richard. "Military artwork in Libya dating from the Second World War." Libyan Studies 35 (2004): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900003770.
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AbstractThree years ago, a reader of this Journal sent a photograph of an elaborate drawing from Garian, a town in the Jabal Nafusa region to the south of Tripoli and asked what information could be found about it. Noticing a similarity to another photographed drawing published by Paula Hardy (2002, 120-21) we asked Richard Simpson, an expert on World War II nose art, to give an opinion. Both images date to the Second World War and are examples of military artwork of that time.
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Belousov, I. I. "Lessons of the Great Patriotic War and World War II for Contemporary Russia." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-84-93.
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After the Second World War 70 years have passed. Essentially already gone a generation of people for whom it was not a story, and the nationwide disaster and personal experience. And let time more and more we move away from the victory of 1945, the value and results of the war are enormous for the future of the modern world. Memory of the Great Victory presents to all of us now living, special requirements, the main of which consists in the fact that based on the analysis draw the necessary lessons from the past, draw the right conclusions for the safety of modern Russia. Over the years, the world has changed considerably. On the stage of world politics, a host of new independent states. There are new centers of economic development, and hence the new poles of power. Meanwhile, the events of recent months show that the main results of the Victory have not lost their importance today. This is best spoken of their incessant attempts to challenge by distorting the main points of the war and its lessons. And, obviously, it is no accident the day before and during the celebration of 70th anniversary of Victory wishing her to steal the peoples of Russia have been particularly active, as they claim - stiff and awkward. For domestic historiography it is not something unexpected. On the socio-political, military and economic results of the Second World War written many works, but probably in the light of the development of military-political processes in the world of individual instructive lesson it is important not to forget.
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Dorn, Charles. "“A Woman's World”: The University of California, Berkeley, During the Second World War." History of Education Quarterly 48, no. 4 (November 2008): 534–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2008.00169.x.
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The fairer sex takes over and the campus becomes a woman's world. They step in and fill the shoes of the departing men and they reveal a wealth of undiscovered ability. The fate of the A.S.U.C. [Associated Students of the University of California] and its activities rests in their hands and they assume the responsibility of their new tasks with sincerity and confidence. —Blue and Gold, University of California, Berkeley, 1943During World War II, female students at the University of California, Berkeley—then the most populous undergraduate campus in American higher education—made significant advances in collegiate life. In growing numbers, women enrolled in male-dominated academic programs, including mathematics, chemistry, and engineering, as they prepared for home-front employment in fields traditionally closed to them. Women also effectively opposed gendered restrictions on extracurricular participation, filling for the first time such influential campus leadership positions as the presidency of Berkeley's student government and editorship of the university's student newspaper. Female students at Berkeley also furthered activist causes during the war years, with the University Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) serving as one of the most popular outlets for their political engagement. Historically rooted in a mission of Christian fellowship, by the 1940s the University YWCA held progressive positions on many of the nation's central social, political, and economic issues. Throughout the war years, women dedicated to promoting civil liberties, racial equality, and international understanding led the organization in its response to two of the most egregious civil rights violations in U.S. history: racial segregation and Japanese internment.
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Timofeev, A. Yu. "Metamorphoses of memory of the the Russian-Serbian Brotherhood of War in Modern Serbia." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-4-73-142-156.
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The article considers the perception of World War II in modern Serbian society. Despite the stability of Serbian-Russian shared historical memory, the attitudes of both countries towards World wars differ. There is a huge contrast in the perception of the First and Second World War in Russian and Serbian societies. For the Serbs the events of World War II are obscured by the memories of the Civil War, which broke out in the country immediately after the occupation in 1941 and continued several years after 1945. Over 70% of Yugoslavs killed during the Second World War were slaughtered by the citizens of former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The terror unleashed by Tito in the first postwar decade in 1944-1954 was proportionally bloodier than Stalin repressions in the postwar USSR. The number of emigrants from Yugoslavia after the establishment of the Tito's dictatorship was proportionally equal to the number of refugees from Russia after the Civil War (1,5-2% of prewar population). In the post-war years, open manipulations with the obvious facts of World War II took place in Tito's Yugoslavia. In the 1990s the memories repressed during the communist years were set free and publicly debated. After the fall of the one-party system the memory of World War II was devalued. The memory of the Russian-Serbian military fraternity forged during the World War II began to revive in Serbia due to the foreign policy changes in 2008. In October 2008 the President of Russia paid a visit to Serbia which began the process of (re) construction of World War II in Serbian historical memory. According to the public opinion surveys, a positive attitude towards Russia and Russians in Serbia strengthens the memories on general resistance to Nazism with memories of fratricide during the civil conflict events of 1941-1945 still dominating in Serbian society.
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Raimova, Aygul. "EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN UZBEKISTAN AFTER WORLD WAR II." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-5-7.
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The article examines the state of science and education in Uzbekistan in the post-war period. The issues of opening new higher educational institutions, building schools and training personnel are investigated. The article analyzes the achievements of science, the exit of scientists of Uzbekistan into the international arena, achievements in the field of natural and humanitarian areas of science. In general, the article considers the attempts to reform the education system after the end of the Second World War, the difficulties associated with them, their positive and negative consequences, as well as the impact of education on the spiritual and cultural life of the country.
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Geber, Clara Momoko. "Songs of Japanese Prisoners of War in the Soviet Union after World War II." Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 179–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2019-0007.
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Abstract The Second World War ended with Japan’s capitulation after the disastrous nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Subsequently, approximately 700,000 Japanese soldiers were selected as captives to undertake physical labour in Soviet prison camps. After returning to Japan, some of them wrote about their lives in the Soviet Union, drew pictures about their experiences, or wrote about their favourite songs that they had sung during their imprisonment. My study of various reports of Japanese prisoners of war (POWs) after the Second World War surprisingly revealed that not only traumatic conditions during forced labour were published, but also social interactions in the form of joint artistic activities such as making music, producing theatre plays, and staging sports competitions. The prisoners have often retrospectively described these as strikingly positive events during their years of internment in the Soviet Union. This article analyses a total of thirty-four songs sung and composed by Japanese POWs during captivity on a lyrical level (text analysis). In doing so, I adopt a new approach to interpreting the social conditions during the imprisonment of Japanese soldiers in the Soviet Union.
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Vakarchuk, Denis O. "WORLD WAR II IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN-POLISH RELATIONS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 2 (2021): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-2-80-90.
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Since 2014, the Russian-Polish relations have been affected by crisis situations. The disagreements involve a wide range of issues, one of which is the memory of the Second World War. The article presents a quantitative analysis of the events that have taken place for the last 20 years within the framework of the Russian-Polish interaction relating to the subject matter of the Second World War. The author’s hypothesis is that the Russian-Polish of- ficial discourse on World War II is conditioned by the foreign policy interests of the leaders of those countries. The willingness of the political elites to engage in dialogue, free from competition for the «historical truth», is the determining factor in resolving the complex issues of the common historical past of both countries.
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Veselov, V. A. "A Long Shadow of World War II: Development of the National Security Concept in the United States." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 85–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-85-130.
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In recent years, the history of World War II has transformed into a battlefield in its own right in the ‘war of memory’. Besides the clear fact that the current attempts to revise the results of this war reflect the contemporary international tensions, yet another factor should be noted. The ‘shadow’ of the Second World War appears to be very long. It manifests itself not only in the contemporary system of international relations, but also in the fact that we still view the world around through the prism of concepts that appeared during the state of war and still bear its mark. Particularly, the concept of national security. This paper examines the emergence and development of this concept in the United States. The author notes that although the concept of national security existed throughout the 20th century, before World War II it was identified primarily with the defense of the state. The paper examines how lessons of the Second World War led to a rethinking of this concept, and how approaches to national security evolved during the war and immediately after it. Special attention is given to discussions that preceded the adoption of the National Security Act of 1947, as well as to its initial results. The author demonstrates that the national security concept was based on a fundamental recognition of the existence of a special state between peace and war. For successful functioning within this state, the government needs to rely on a wide range of tools of both economic and military-political and ideological nature. Based on the lessons from the war, national security was viewed as an ‘overarching structure’, aimed not only at integrating various components of the state’s policy, but also at eliminating any contradictions that may arise between them. On the other hand, the author emphasizes that from the very beginning the national security concept had a pronounced proactive, offensive and expansionist character. Being considered as an antipode to the concept of collective security, this concept reflected the will of the US elites not only to get integrated in the existing system of international relations, but to create a new one, which would be based on the American values and would ensure the stable functioning of the US economy. The author concludes that it is precisely the multidimensionality of the national security concept caused by the multidimensional nature of the challenges of World War II that explains its continued relevance for the study of world politics.
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Saliev, Ulugbek. "The Beginning Of A New Era In The Study Of The History Of World War Ii In Uzbekistan." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 05 (May 30, 2021): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue05-51.
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In the Second World War, the multinational people of Uzbekistan showed great courage and perseverance on the battlefields and behind the front and made a worthy contribution to the victory over fascism. One of the urgent tasks today is to prepare a comprehensive scientific-historical book or collection of documents, reflecting the hard and difficult life of the Uzbek people on the front and behind the front during this bloody war, that particularly contributed to the victory over fascism. Such resources will be of paramount importance to convey to future generations the great work done by our people during the war, its strong will and heroism, the truth of that time, to educate them in the spirit of patriotism and courage.
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Visser, Max. "Teaching giants to learn: lessons from army learning in World War II." Learning Organization 24, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-09-2016-0060.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the “truism” that learning organizations cannot be large organizations and, conversely, that large organizations cannot be learning organizations. This paper analyzes learning in the German and US armies in the Second World War, based on a four-dimensional model of the learning organization. Design/methodology/approach The paper entails a secondary analysis of historical and military sources and data. Findings It is found that the German and US armies differed in learning capacity, which can be plausibly, but not exclusively, related to differences in the battlefield performance between those armies in the Second World War. Research limitations/implications The research scope of the paper is limited to the analysis of two particular armies in the Second World War. Implications of theory reside in the importance of organizational learning capacity and its dimensions for learning in current organizations. Practical implications The paper has clear practical implications for large organizations wishing to become effective and responsible learning organizations. Originality/value This is among the first organizational papers to analyze army learning in the Second World War and to derive lessons from that analysis for current large organizations.
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White, Steven. "Civil Rights, World War II, and U.S. Public Opinion." Studies in American Political Development 30, no. 1 (April 2016): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x16000055.
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Scholars of American politics often assume World War II liberalized white racial attitudes. This conjecture is generally premised on the existence of an ideological tension between a war against Nazism and the maintenance of white supremacy at home, particularly the Southern system of Jim Crow. A possible relationship between the war and civil rights was also suggested by a range of contemporaneous voices, including academics like Gunnar Myrdal and activists like Walter White and A. Philip Randolph. However, while intuitively plausible, this relationship is generally not well verified empirically. A common flaw is the lack of attention to public opinion polls from the 1940s. Using the best available survey evidence, I argue the war's impact on white racial attitudes is more limited than is often claimed. First, I demonstrate that for whites in the mass public, while there is some evidence of liberalization on issues of racial prejudice, this generally does not extend to policies addressing racial inequities. White opposition to federal anti-lynching legislation actually seems to have increased during the war. Second, there is some evidence of racial moderation among white veterans, relative to their counterparts who did not serve. White veterans were more supportive of anti-lynching legislation in the immediate postwar period, and they offered stronger support for black voting rights in the early 1960s. However, they were not distinguishable on many other issues, including measures of racial prejudice and attitudes toward segregation.
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Alieva, Liudmila V., Lidia V. Antonova, and Tatiana G. Khrishkevich. "Contemporary historiography on the phenomenon of the social cohesion in the period of the Second World War." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 4 (October 31, 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-4-7-16.
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The historiography of World War II is one of the most extensive research topics in historical science. Over the years, a comprehensive study of the military, political and economic history of wartime has been conducted. Particular attention during recent decades has been given to the social aspects of the war. However, the topic of social cohesion in the warring countries remains insufficiently analyzed. Thus, the main objective of the article is to analyze the current state of research on social cohesion in the context of World War II in contemporary British, German and Russian historical literature. The present study of the reflection of cohesion problems in Soviet Union, Great Britain and Germany during World War II is based on the principles of a new interdisciplinary branch of social science – anthropology of war. It integrates the achievements, subject areas and research tools of history, sociology, military psychology, cultural studies, pedagogy, medicine and other disciplines that study the existence of people and society at large in wartime conditions. A comparative analysis of the chosen historiography shows that at the present stage there is a commonality of approaches among historians related to interest in certain personalities, everyday life during World War II and war’s gender dimension. The differences in assessments and methods are determined by the role and place of a particular state in the military-political confrontation as well as by prevailing historiographical paradigms. In any case, the theme of social cohesion was not adequately reflected in these studies. In conclusion, the authors note the research potential of analyzing the problems of social cohesion during World War II.
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Hennessy, Michael A. "World War II and the Rebirth and Death of Canada’s Merchant Marine." Montréal 1995 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031094ar.
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Abstract Twice before the Second World War the Canadian merchant marine had collapsed in the face of competing conceptions of empire and commercial interest. Though once home to a thriving merchant fleet, the passing of the age of sail marked Canada's decline as a maritime nation. Most of the surviving merchant fleet sailed under British registry, employing British crews and officers. During the Second World War, Canada rebuilt its merchant marine. As the war drew to a close, the state, labour and enterprise supported the framing of a Canadian maritime policy to preserve the merchant shipping capacity developed during the war. The fleet's ambiguous origins, conflicting national trade policy, the absence of a laissez-faire international shipping market, the rise of cold-war tensions and the very peculiar problems of trade to the sterling bloc savaged post-war efforts to maintain the fleet. The timing and nature of the collapse were particularly Canadian. Barriers to currency convertibility, carriage restrictions, and high labour and production costs, proved formidable obstacles which representatives of the Canadian state were very largely powerless to overcome. In combination, these elements, rather than some invisible hand, explain why Canadian ship owners led the way in abandoning their national flag and why the state helped them. Sole attribution for the death of the merchant marine should no longer fall to unfavourable labour costs or union activism.
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Grishaeva, L. "Long echo of the soviet-japanese war 1945." Diplomatic Service, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2004-03.
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The author writes about the inadmissibility of revising the main results of the Second World War, the consequences of which are really felt in the 21st century. On the role of the USSR in the Victory in World War II. About the factual non-recognition by Japan of the results of World War II. About the reasons for the lack of a peace treaty between Russia and Japan so far. On the existence of territorial contradictions between our states. On linking Japan with the problem of concluding a peace treaty with territorial claims against Russia. On opposing views on the history of the conclusion, observance and annulment of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact of 1941. On attempts to blame the USSR for the ''unlawful'' entry into the war against Japan in 1945. Why is this happening, why Japan never attacked the USSR during the Second World War, what are the results of the war and what are their consequences, this article is devoted to the consideration of these fundamentally important issues.
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Sher, S. A., V. Yu Albitskiy, and A. A. Baranov. "Child Infectious Morbidity in the USSR during the World War II." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 3 (June 13, 2020): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-452.
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This article presents the results of a historical and medical research reflecting infectious morbidity among children during the Second World War (the Great Patriotic War 19411945). The research, based on archival and literary sources, aims to highlight the situation with infectious morbidity of children in the USSR during the war. The study is relevant because the majority of historical and medical research devoted to the war had been carried out in the Soviet epoch and did not always depict an objective image due to the ideological concepts of that time, which often prohibited the publication of certain information. Inconsiderable in number studies have been conducted on this topic in post-Soviet Russia, yet are selective or localized. A review of a wide range of sources provides an independent perspective on the dramatic situation concerning the significant increase of childhood infections during the war both in the occupied territory and in the regions of childrens evacuation. As a result of systemic control measures carried out by central and regional public health services, childhood infections had not become endemic. Despite the rising number of tuberculosis cases, sexually transmitted diseases, and malaria in the early years of the war, further spread of the socially significant pathologies was prevented.
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Zych, Monika. "Care activities in the Częstochowa poviat during the Second World War." Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Rocznik Polsko-Ukraiński 20 (2018): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/rpu.2018.20.05.
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Burieva, Khairiya A. "ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE UZBEK PEOPLE TO THE VICTORY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR(BASED ON REPORTS BY EVACUATION BODIES)." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-8-3.
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The article provides information about the assistance provided by the Uzbek people to the evacuated population during the Second World War. It is interpreted that these processes are reflected in the reports of archival sources -evacuation organizations, their content, structure, factual materials, historical and source study significance are disclosed. Only in the twentieth century, two devastating world wars took place in the world, which claimed the lives of millions of people and the tragic consequences of the war left their mark on the lives of people. In this respect, the Second World War of 1939-1945 on the Eurasian continent was one of the most destructive wars in world history
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Artizov, A. N., and S. V. Kudryashov. "French Documents on the Beginning of the World War II." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(66) (July 28, 2019): 202–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-202-246.
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The Federal archival agency, the Russian Ministry of foreign affairs and the Russian Historical Society organized in 2018 a large-scale historical documentary project (an exhibition and online publication) on the background and consequences of the Munich Agreement (November 1937 – March 1938)11 This year marked by the 80th anniversary of the beginning of Second World War the project is to be continued in the form of an exhibition and an online publication of archival documents. We offer our readers some French documents. They are stored at the Russian State Military Archive in the fund «The Ministry of War of France. Military districts, fortified areas, army, corps, divisions, regiments, brigades, military educational institutions and other military organizations» (RGVA. F. 198k).) The fund contains materials on the activities of the French highest military bodies and their units, as well as documents on the headquarters and garrisons of the French military fortresses. These documents were moved from Germany to Moscow after the end of World War II and subsequently were incorporated into the foreign funds of RGVA. In 1993–1994 on the basis of bilateral intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in the field of state archives, identification and return of archival documents and on the basis of the Federal Law of April 15, 1998 No. 64-ФЗ «On Cultural Values Moved to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the territory of the Russian Federation» the documents of the 198k fund were transferred to France. The most valuable of the them were microfilmed; their copies are kept in the RGVA on the rights of originals. The two documents being published in this issue of MGIMO Review of International Relations are part of the 198k fund (second inventory), containing documents from French military attachés in European countries, which focus on their political and economic situation, armed forces, countries occupied by Germany, foreign and domestic USSR policy, the state of the Red Army, as well as intelligence reports of the 2nd bureau of the General Staff of the French army. Both documents: Note by the French military attaché in the USSR O.-A. Palace to the Minister of National Defense and the Minister of War of France E. Daladier about the strategic situation in Eastern Europe and its influence on the position of the USSR government on the conclusion of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet agreement on mutual assistance of July 13, 1939 (RGVA. F. 198. Op. 2. D. 466. L. 43–50) and the Report of the French Military Attaché in Poland F. Musse to the Minister of National Defense and the Minister of War of France E. Daladier on the influence of Poland on the course and results of the Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations of August 24, 1939 (RGVA. F. 198k. Op.2. D. 292. L. 148–166) are published in Russian translation for the first time.
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Sidorov, A. A. "Development of the US Plans for Post-War Japan during World War II." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 131–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-131-164.
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Signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender on September 2, 1945 had formally ended the most destructive and bloody war in the history of mankind. Even before that a new balance of power on the international arena began to form, that would persist for almost half a century. At the same time, it was obvious from the outright that the Allies had very different views on how the post-war world order should look like. Traditionally, both Russian and foreign academic literature focused on their disputes regarding the German question. This paper provides a brief overview of the US Department of State planning and recommendation process for the post-war reconstruction of Japan in 1939–1945, which had eventually led to the formation of the socalled San Francisco subsystem of international relations. The first section of the paper outlines the challenges faced by the State Department when it came to planning the post-war architecture of the Far East. In that regard, the author pays particular attention to the staff shortage, which forced the Department of State to strengthen partnership with private research organizations and involve them in long-term planning.The author emphasizes that if before the United States entered the war the US planners adopted a rather tough stance on Japan, after the attack on Pearl Harbor their approaches paradoxically changed. The second section examines the contradictions and tensions between those politicians and experts who believed that in the establishment of the post-war order in the Far East the US should cooperate with China, and those who promoted rapprochement with Japan. These groups were unofficially referred to as the ‘Chinese team’ and the ‘Japanese crowd’ accordingly. The paper shows that as the end of the war approached, these contradictions gradually faded into the background. The needs to promote the interdepartmental cooperation and to reconcile the positions of the State Department, the Military and Naval Ministries on the future of Japan came to the fore. This work resulted in a series of memoranda, which laid the foundation for the US post-war policy towards Japan. In conclusion the author provides a general assessment of the strategic decision-making process in the United States during wartime and emphasizes its consistency, thoroughness and flexibility. As a result, it enabled the US to achieve what seemed impossible: to turn Japan from an ardent adversary of the United States in the Pacific into one of its most reliable allies, and it remains such today.
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Šimko, Juraj. "Slovak Troops in Italy During Second Word War." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0044.
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Abstract This article deals with activities of Slovak military troops in Italy during the World War II in the period from October 1943 to the end of war. Article describes the construction of field fortifications on the German defensive lines in central and northern Italy. As well it describes the appearance of resistance to the alliance with Nazi Germany, the involvement of the Slovaks in Italian resistance and the culmination of the fight against Nazism. The resulting manifestation was the creation of the 1st Czechoslovak division in Italy, which fought against German troops alongside the Allies at the end of the war.
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Selimović, Sead. "Exploitation and destruction of economy Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War." Historijski pogledi 3, no. 3 (May 28, 2020): 176–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.3.176.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina was a distinctly agrarian country before World War II. As many as 84.10% of the population lived from agriculture, forestry and fishing. From industry, mining and crafts, 6.70% lived, trade, loans and traffic 3.10%, public services, the liberal professions and the military 3.60%, and other occupations 2.50% population. In World War II, Bosnia and Herzegovina suffered enormous human and material losses. The economy was almost completely destroyed. During the war, 130 major industrial enterprises and 24 mines, 95 sawmills that had 209 gaters were destroyed or damaged, and almost all traffic communications. Most of the agricultural inventory was destroyed and the livestock stock reduced by more than 70%. The school buildings were also spared no destruction. As many as 904, out of 1,043 school buildings, were destroyed and ineligible for teaching. Economic goods destroyed and exploited all military formations, but most of all the German and Italian armies.
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SCHWARZENBACH, ALEXIS. "Victims, Veterans and Cuckoo Clocks: Recent Books on Switzerland and the Second World War." Contemporary European History 14, no. 2 (May 2005): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777305002341.
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Isabel Vincent, Hitler's Silent Partners. Swiss Banks, Nazi Gold, and the Pursuit of Justice (New York: W. Morrow, 1997), 351 pp., $25.00, ISBN 0688154255.Angelo M. Codevilla, Between the Alps and a Hard Place. Switzerland in World War II and the Rewriting of History (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2000), 248 pp., $27.95, ISBN 089526238X.Walther Hofer and Herbert R. Reginbogin, Hitler, der Westen und die Schweiz, 1936–1945 (Zürich: Verlag Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 2001), 690 pp., €45.00, ISBN 3858239925.Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland – Second World War, Switzerland, National Socialism and the Second World War (Zürich: Pendo, 2002), 600 pp., €29.90, ISBN 3858426032.Jakob Tanner and Sigrid Weigel, eds., Gedächtnis, Geld und Gesetz. Vom Umgang mit der Vergangenheit des Zweiten Weltkrieges (Zürich: Vdf Hochschulverlag, 2002), 380 pp., €29.90, ISBN 3728126586.Neville Wylie, Britain, Switzerland, and the Second World War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 394 pp., £55.00, ISBN 0198206909.
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Belukhin, Nikita Evgen'evich. "Historical patterns of foreign policy of Denmark: the reason for abandoning neutrality after the World War II?" Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.5.35633.
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Based on the historical analysis, this article attempts to give a detailed and comprehensive answer to the question about the reasons that forced Denmark to abandon the policy of neutrality after the World War II and become the member of the North Atlantic Alliance. The object of this research is the foreign policy of Denmark in the XV – XX centuries, while the subject is the balancing strategy of Denmark in the conditions of transition from the status of regional power to the status of second-order power, and ultimately, to the status of a small European state that seeks to ensure the own neutrality. Special attention is given to the analysis of strategic foreign policy decisions of Denmark in the conditions of major regional and European conflicts, such as the Dano-Swedish War of the XVII century, Great Northern War (1700-1721), Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815), First Schleswig War (1848-1850) and Second Schleswig War (1864), World War I (1914-1918) and World War II (1939-1945). The conclusion is made that reaching the actual neutral status for Denmark throughout its foreign policy history was virtually impossible due to the fact that conventional neutrality acquired either a pro-German or pro-British orientation, and in reality represented an attempt to find a complex balance between the interests of the great powers. The need for balancing overlapped the historical vulnerability of Northern European region to external influence. Since the great powers using bilateral diplomacy did allow close rapprochement countries between Nordic countries, the common defense alliance projects both prior to the World War II and after the World War II failed to implement A crucial point in evolution of the foreign policy strategy of Danish politicians became the negative experience of the World War II, when strict conformity to the policy of neutrality did not prevent the German occupation of the country.
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Bocharnikov, I., and O. Ovsyannikova. "On countering the falsification of the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in modern conditions." Diplomatic Service, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2002-09.
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The article reveals the main reasons, sources, nature and content of falsifications of the history of the World War II and the Great Patriotic war and discrediting their results, the role and significance of the victory of the Soviet people. It defines the main directions of modern falsifications of the history of the Second World War and the great Patriotic war, their conditionality with the nature and content of the current stage of development of international relations, the aggravation of global competition. Measures are proposed to neutralize the destructive influence of falsifications in modern conditions.
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Jurgilewicz, Marcin, and Andrzej Misiuk. "Policja Państwowa w II Rzeczypospolitej a Policja Polska w okresie II wojny światowej." 100-lecie polskiej Policji 51, no. 51(2019) (March 15, 2019): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2019.51.6.
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Prymachenko, Yana. "“PLACES OF MEMORY” TRANSFORMATION IN POST-SOVIET KYIV’S CULTURAL PLACES A CASE OF JANUARY UPRISING STREET." City History, Culture, Society, no. 8 (June 17, 2020): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2020.08.054.
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The article deals with the transformation of “places of memory” in post-Soviet Kyiv’s cultural space based on the case of January Uprising Street. The main attention focuses on three events crucial for Ukrainian history in the twentieth century: the 1917–1921 Ukrainian Revolution, Holodomor and the Second World War. The author highlights the change in the ideological connotation and cultural representations of Soviet “places of memory” during almost thirty years of Ukrainian independence.
The former January Uprising Street, which today consists of two streets – Ivan Mazepa and Lavrska – would for a long period of time signify the key events of Soviet history: October Revolution Civil war and World War II. The Park of Eternal Glory and Memorial complex “Ukrainian State Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945” (now known as the National Museum of the history of Ukraine in the Second World War) built into the historical space pf the ancient Kyiv had to propagate the main Soviet historical event. After Ukraine gained independence the space along the former January Upraising Street has transformed greatly. The public space has been affected by the rediscovery of forgotten and erased events.
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Ilyassova, K. M., and T. Zholdassuly. "Religious policy of the Soviet authorities during the Second World War." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 130, no. 1 (2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-130-1-84-93.
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This article intends the change in the Soviet Religion Politics during the World War II. At first the Soviet Religion Politics and the Soviet opression against religion after the WWII is explained. It reveals how the Soviet Religion Politics changed abruptly, futhermore their appeal to clergy to unite the believers against enemy. The formation of the Russian Orthodox Church and four Spiritual Administrations of Muslims has also been mentioned in this work. Besides, it explains that The Soviets had to give freedom to religion in order to get foreign and local Muslims’ support and did every possible means to raise people’s spirit. The information that all believers, especially Muslims contributed to the victory also that they financially and materially supported the soldiers, families is given with archive documents. This contribution lasted after the war. Accordingly Muslims were praised for it, resulting in Islam and State reconciliation