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1

Novianti, Erlina. "PERAN FOTOGRAFI WILDLIFE DALAM KAMPANYE PADA POSTER WORLD WILDLIFE FUND (WWF)." Jurnal Dimensi Seni Rupa dan Desain 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/dim.v13i2.1786.

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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This paper discusses the role of the Wildlife Fund photography of the postres use by an interantional organization enganged in nature conservation and fauna is the world wildlife fund or WWF we are familiar with. The role of photography in the campaigne preservation of flora and fauna is very imnportant, because with photograp as visual display, the visual resource looks more real.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tulisan ini membahas tentang peranan fotografi Willife terhadap poster yang digunakan oleh suatu organisasi internasional yang bergerak dalam pelestarian alam dan fauna adalah Worllife Fund, atau biasa kita kenal dengan WWF. Peranan fotografi dalam peranan plestarian flora dan fauna sangatlah penting, karena dengan tampilan visual berupa karya<strong>.<br /></strong></p>
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Eichbaum, William M. "Marine conservation initiative of the world wildlife fund-US (WWF-US)." Ocean & Coastal Management 21, no. 1-3 (January 1993): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90037-y.

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3

LONDOÑO-MURCIA, MARÍA CECILIA, OSWALDO TELLEZ-VALDÉS, and VÍCTOR SÁNCHEZ-CORDERO. "Environmental heterogeneity of World Wildlife Fund for Nature ecoregions and implications for conservation in Neotropical biodiversity hotspots." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 2 (June 2010): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000391.

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SUMMARYMesoamerica, Chocó and the tropical Andes are recognized as biodiversity hotspots where conservation action is urgently needed. Because World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) ecoregions are commonly used as the basis for conservation decisions, an understanding of WWF ecoregions’ environmental heterogeneity and their representation in current protected areas (PAs) is important for identifying priority areas for conservation. Thirteen environmental domain classifications based on 22 climatic and topographical variables and the Shannon diversity index were used to quantify environmental diversity for each WWF ecoregion. The area of each environmental domain and ecoregion was compared with the World Database on Protected Areas 2007. The most environmentally-diverse ecoregions were poorly represented in the PAs and several ecoregions showed low environmental heterogeneity representation inside PAs, for example the Balsas depression, Sierra Madre del Sur and the Chiapas Sierras in Mexico, some sierras in Central America, the Middle Magdalena, inter-Andean valleys, the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and the Western Moist Forest of Ecuador. Using WWF ecoregions as equivalent units for conservation and management can be misleading, given their environmental heterogeneity; therefore, they have limited usefulness in assessing environmental representation in PAs. An underestimation of environmental heterogeneity representation in PAs can have misleading implications for conservation actions in regions where detailed biological information is lacking. Conservation efforts should focus on the environmental domains and ecoregions showing high environmental heterogeneity that is poorly represented in PAs.
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Nahmad, Salomón. "El Proyecto del Fondo Mundial para la Proteccion del Medio Ambiente (Gef) en Cuatro Areas Naturales Protegidas de Mexico y su Impacto Social." Journal of Political Ecology 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2000): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v7i1.21545.

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Este papel evalúa el proyecto del World Wildfile Fund con el gobierno Mexicano para crear reservas de naturaleza en cuatro comunidades indígenas. Examina los métodos de WWF para asegurar la amplia participación de los sectores locales—comunidades indígenas, ejidos, y terratenientes privados. Mientras que los fines técnicos de este proyecto son claros y precisaos, el desafío es cómo traducirlos a discurso local de modo que los grupos sociales locales se apropien de ellas y los hagan parte de sus acciones diarias. Estas cuatro reservas ofrecen un panorama de los complejos problemas sociales, políticos, y económicos que enfrentan este ambicioso proyecto.Palabras claves: México, conservación, reservas ecológicas, comunidades indígenas, impactos sociales, proyecto de la World Wildlife Fund, ecología política.
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Ogunleye, Foluke. "Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria: The “Awareness” Imperative." African Issues 32, no. 1-2 (2003): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006600.

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The practice of treating the environment with disdain has gradually become unfashionable. Yet in many developing nations, Nigeria among them, environmental education and awareness campaigns remain something regarded as unnecessary. According to Berry (1993: 158):The term “sustainable development” has become a shibboleth of governments and industries, to present a respectful image to a society that is becoming even more strident in its concern for the environment. It is a concept that was projected onto the world by the Stockholm Conference of 1972, and has been carried ever since by the United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP), the World Conservation Union (IUCN), and the World Wildlife Fund for nature (WWF) in their world conservation strategy. It has the ring of truth and worldwide acceptance, but it is poorly understood by those who use it.
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Gondor, Darek, and Hideka Morimoto. "Role of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) in seafood eco‐labelling policy in Japan." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 2, no. 2 (November 8, 2011): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20408021111185385.

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7

Atauje S., José, Mercy Ramírez V., Alfonso Zúñiga H., Pedro Ospina S., Dennis Navarro M., and Hermelinda Rivera G. "Detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de distemper canino en jaguares (Panthera onca) y pumas (Puma concolor) en Madre de Dios, Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 30, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i1.15693.

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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de distemper canino (vDC) en jaguares (Panthera onca) y pumas (Puma concolor) de vida libre en Madre de Dios. Las 19 muestras (jaguares = 13, pumas= 6) fueron colectadas en la Concesión de Conservación Río Los Amigos (n=2) y la Reserva Nacional Tambopata/ Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene (n=17) durante los trabajos de la World Wildlife Fund (WWF) entre 2006 y 2008. La detección de anticuerpos contra el vDC se hizo mediante la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en una dilución de 1:50. Todos los felinos silvestres de vida libre resultaron negativos a anticuerpos contra el vDC. Los resultados indican que estos felinos no estuvieron expuestos al vDC.
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8

Winser, Shane, and Adrienne Farrell. "World Wildlife Fund Yearbook 1983/4: A Review of WWF-International Projects Planned, Managed and Coordinated by IUCN and a Selection of Reports from WWF Affiliate Organisations." Geographical Journal 151, no. 2 (July 1985): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633581.

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9

Pan, Yuan. "Human–Nature Relationships in East Asian Animated Films." Societies 10, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10020035.

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Our relationship with nature is complex and exploring this extends beyond academia. Animated films with powerful narratives can connect humans with nature in ways that science cannot. Narratives can be transformative and shape our opinions. Nevertheless, there is little research into non-Western films with strong conservation themes. Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese filmmaker that is acknowledged as one of the greatest animated filmmakers and master storytellers globally. The themes of environmentalism, feminism and pacifism resonate throughout his films. His underlying message is that humans must strive to live in harmony with nature, whilst presenting us with the socio-cultural complexities of human–nature relationships. I review five of Miyazaki’s films that explore human–nature relationships. One film was released with a special recommendation from the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) and the other won an Oscar. I explore the lessons that we can learn from these films regarding human–nature relationships, and how to create powerful narratives that resonate with audiences and transcend cultural barriers.
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Camprubí, Lino. "La naturaleza no existe: conservacionismos y relaciones internacionales en Doñana." Arbor 192, no. 781 (February 21, 2017): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.781n5002.

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Tras descartar el acercamiento metodológico a la historia de Doñana como un paso hacia la “conservación de la Naturaleza” con mayúscula, este artículo sitúa la historia del Parque en los contextos políticos, personales y científicos que lo hicieron posible. Estos contextos nos colocan en la escala internacional del desmantelamiento del imperio británico y de la transformación de la ornitología y la ecología como disciplinas. Las rutas migratorias de las aves de Doñana contribuyeron a la dimensión internacional en la que se fraguó el acuerdo entre el World Wildlife Fund (WWF) y el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) que llevó a la inauguración de la Reserva Biológica de Doñana en 1965. La posterior creación del Parque abrió la puerta a nuevos desencuentros entre diversos modos de entender el conservacionismo y entre diferentes categorizaciones científicas del territorio de Doñana. La resolución de estos conflictos dependió de fuerzas y alianzas, lo que permite concluir afinando el argumento metodológico de partida.
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Njiei, Achu Frida, and Niying Roger Mbihbiih. "Sustainability Implications of Stakeholders’ Perspectives in Agroforestry Management in Manyu Division, South West Region Cameroon." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 366–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.86.10380.

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Agroforestry which focuses on the domestication and cultivation of Non-Traditional Forest Products (NTFP) has important sustainability implications for both livelihoods. Brundtland Report and subsequent international and regional instruments, sustainable development as epitomized in Agenda 2030 of the United Nations Organisation (UNO) has become the cornerstone of developmentalism. This study seeks to examine the interplay of sustainability from a stakeholders’ perspective. The findings of this qualitative method which was conducted in 11 villages in Manyu Division of the South West Region revealed that there was a plethora of stakeholders involved in the domain of agroforestry in the study area. These stakeholders were composed of state institutions (Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife-MINFOF, Program for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in the South West Region-PSMNR-SWR), international organisations (World Agroforestry Center-ICRAF, the World Wildlife Fund-WWF) and local community based institutions (EFOKHOYU), among others. Agroforestry related programmes implemented by these stakeholders ranged from the creation of training centers, allocation of funds and seedlings to farmers as well as the dissemination of knowledge on land conservation and the development of partnerships among farming communities. The findings revealed that this could be felt at the level of household food security with increased cultivation of species such as Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombulu by nearly 62%. Such high rates of domestication and commercialisation of these species implied that the livelihoods of local farmers were assured without endangering over-exploitation of scarce forest resources. In conclusion, some challenges such as issues related with accessibility, high cost associated with domestication among others complicate the activities of stakeholders in Manyu Division. That notwithstanding, the study recommends that tailor made policy interventions should be deployed to address the challenges raised.
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Ma, Yue Wei, Yong Tao Zhao, and He De Gong. "Eco-Restoration on the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries after 4.20 Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.434.

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s: It is a catastrophe for the whole nation to the Lushan earthquake. This earthquake not only had caused the devastating destruction to the social economy, peoples lives and property, but also destroyed the national eco-system, changed the preliminary geomorphic, led to the casualties of the wild animals and plants. Simultaneously, the giant panda which is viewed as the peoples friend and the national treasure cant escape the catastrophe in the earthquake. The Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary lies in the earthquake-stricken area. The giant panda were viewed as the endangered species by the International Union for the Conversation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and were chosen as the emblem of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), symbolizing natural conservation and world wildlife protection. After the Lushan earthquake, the giant pandas were given enormous concern by the UNESCO world heritage center. Therefore, it is very important to investigate to destroy the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary by the earthquake. This work could benefit us to know about the damaged natural ecosystem, the extent of damaged Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries. It had the great significance to protect the giant panda and to put forward the strategies for the restoration and reconstruction of Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries.
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13

Kolyshkina, Tatiyana B., Elena V. Markova, and Tatiana V. Yurieva. "ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE IN SOCIAL ADVERTISING." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2014): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/14.08.172.

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The main aim of the research is to estimate the efficiency of psychological influence mechanisms in social advertising. Numerous psychological, sociological, culturological studies, devoted to this issue, do not answer the question which mechanisms will be efficient and will lead to the expected reaction of a recipient. The correlation between the psychological influence methods and the goals set by the creators is especially important for social advertising, because its efficiency can’t be measured by economic indicators as it occurs in commercial advertising. In addition, it should be remembered that for guaranteeing of efficiency in this kind of advertising one need to take into account such special features of a recipient as their beliefs and sets. The study concentrates on the comparison of psychological influence mechanisms, used in World Wildlife Fund (WWF) social advertising. Its creators use a great number of methods. But as practice shows us by no means all of them lead to the planned results. The study justifies, that the efficiency of advertising influence should be estimated by such indicators as the willingness of a recipient to take part in WWF programs (conative component) and their emotional response (affective component). Consequently, it has been established that the behaviour of a recipient does not depend on a chosen creative strategy’s type, which is used by the creators. The willingness of a recipient to take part in the programs, advertised by WWF, is estimated by the content of their social and psychological sets (attitudes). The displayed results prove that one need to refuse a cruel and shocking way of advertising, which causes people’s negative emotions. It is corroborated by experiments that social advertising which defends wild nature can be efficient on condition that it gives a recipient an opportunity to actualize their own social and psychological sets. Key words: affective component, commercial advertising, conative component, psychological influence mechanisms, social advertising.
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CHEN, DONGJING, XIAOYAN MA, HAIRONG MU, and PEIYING LI. "THE INEQUALITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES CONSUMPTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT LEVEL BASED ON THE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT AND THE HDI." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 12, no. 01 (March 2010): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333210003528.

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This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the current situation of natural resources consumption in the world and its relationship with the level of social development. The Ecological Footprint concept is used to indicate human beings' environmental impact, and the Human Development Index (HDI) is used as a process for the social development level. Based on the dataset of 136 countries from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), we calculate the Gini coefficients of the total Ecological Footprint per person (EF) and its sub items, i.e., Renewable Resources Footprint per person (REF) and Energy Footprint per person (EEF). The results indicate that significant inequality exists in natural resources consumption among the 136 countries from 1996 to 2005, and inequality of the EEF is the largest. We also calculate the Lorenz asymmetry coefficients of EF, REF and EEF, which are all greater than 1, indicating that the inequality results from some countries having extremely high resources consumption. The regression analyses of EF, REF and EEF with HDI, respectively, are made to show that there is a significant U-shaped relationship between natural resources consumption per person and the social development level rather than an inverted U-shaped relationship. Therefore, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not supported by this research.
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Chu, Thi Thu Ha. "State of the environment and natural resources in Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Environment 6, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/jve.vol6.no1.pp1-3.

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Vietnam is considered as one of the countries having rich resources from forest and sea, with a high average annual rainfall. However, in view of IWRA, water volume per capita annually in Vietnam is lower than the standard for nations having water resources at average level. Vietnam was recognized by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as having three out of more than 200 biological zones of the world. Flora and fauna in Vietnam are very rich and abundant, but due to indiscriminate exploitation, along with weak management, biodiversity levels are significantly reduced. This is also one of the causes of environmental pollution and degradation in Vietnam, besides the impacts from production activities, population migration from rural areas to urban areas, rapid urbanization, climate change and sea level rise, etc. Việt Nam được coi là một trong những quốc gia giàu nguồn tài nguyên từ rừng và biển, có lượng mưa trung bình hàng năm cao. Tuy nhiên, lượng nước bình quân đầu người hàng năm ở Việt Nam thấp hơn so với tiêu chuẩn cho quốc gia có nguồn nước ở mức trung bình theo quan điểm của Hiệp hội nước quốc tế (IWRA). Việt Nam được Quỹ Quốc tế về Bảo vệ thiên nhiên (WWF) công nhận có 3 trong số hơn 200 vùng sinh thái toàn cầu. Hệ động thực vật ở Việt Nam rất phong phú, nhưng do vấn nạn khai thác bừa bãi, cùng với sự quản lý yếu kém, mức đa dạng sinh học đã bị giảm đáng kể. Đây cũng là một trong những nguyên nhân gây ô nhiễm và suy thoái môi trường ở Việt Nam, bên cạnh các tác động từ hoạt động sản xuất, di dân, đô thị hóa, biến đổi khí hậu và nước biển dâng, v.v...
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Makeeva, Elena Y., Irina V. Ivashkovskaya, Liudmila S. Ruzhanskaya, and Konstantin A. Popov. "Relationship between Regional Socio-Economic Development and Corporate Ratings of Russian Companies." Economy of Region 17, no. 1 (March 2021): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-1-7.

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The search for new sources of regional development is important due to the slowdown in economic growth and the need to shift the emphasis of industrial policy from the macro level to the level of regions and individual companies. In this regard, we consider the participation of companies in reputation ratings as a new source for increasing the investment attractiveness of regions. Additionally, we examine the relationship between corporate and regional ratings: corporate ratings demonstrate a company’s compliance with the sustainable development goals, which, in turn, improves the socio-economic performance of regions. We revealed the positive influence of high corporate ratings on the socio-economic development of regions, opening a new area for interdisciplinary research combining corporate finance and regional economics. On the example of 130 biggest Russian public non-financial companies, we obtained several significant results that allow determining the impact of corporate ratings on the socio-economic situation of regions and corporate financial performance. The ratings include Sustainable development Index of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE), Environmental responsibility rating of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Russia, and Corporate social responsibility rating of the Association of Managers of Russia (AMR). The calculations showed that the participation of companies in the ratings of WWF Russia and RUIE positively affects the indicators sustainable development of regions where these companies are located. Simultaneously, the influence of companies’ participation in the rating of WWF Russia is higher than the influence of participation in the RUIE rating. In addition, reputation ratings have a positive impact on the return on assets and market capitalisation of Russian companies. Thus, we proved that participation in corporate ratings leads to an increase in performance. However, the effects of participation in various ratings differ. For example, to increase its conditions and performance, a company should be a leader of the rating of RUIE and just participate in the rating of WWF Russia. The rating of AMR influences the market capitalisation the most. The obtained findings indicate the need for expanding the participation of Russian companies in corporate ratings and enable research in the field of sustainable development of companies.
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Yewen, Martha Yulita, and I. Made Bayu Ariwangsa. "Peran Stakeholders dalam Konservasi Penyu Belimbing di Pantai Peneluran Jamursba Medi Kabupaten Tambrauw Provinsi Papua Barat." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2017.v05.i02.p27.

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The conservation potential of Leatherback Sea Turtle in Jamursba Medi Spawning Beach is for ecotourism attraction. This research was conducted at PeneluranJamursbaMedi Beach. This research was conducted to find out the potential of Leatherback Sea Turtle at JamursbaMediSpawningBeach as ecotourism attraction in Tambrauw Regency and also to find out the form of cooperation of Stakeholders in the area of Jamursba Medi Spawning Beach, Regency of Tambrauw, Province of West Papua. The type of data being used in this research was qualitative and quantitative with primary and secondary data source obtained through data sampling technique of depth interview observation, literature study with informant determination technique of purposive sampling and data analysis technique of descriptive qualitative. The result of research shows that in the area of Spawning Beach, Leatherback Sea Turtles have a potential to support tourism development in the form of natural, cultural and human. These three potencies are the assets to give contribution for tourism development and management of coastal park and has potential for ecotourism sector. So participation and active role of stakeholders namely Government, Population, and non-governmental organizations / WWF (World Wildlife Fund) is required for advancement and development in the area of Jamursba Medi Spawning Beach. Key words: Potency, Ecotourism Conservation, Stakeholder.
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Cansaran-Duman, Demet, Orhan Atakol, Íknur Atasoy, Didem Kahya, Sümer Aras, and Taylan Beyaztaş. "Heavy Metal Accumulation in Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf from the Karabük Iron-Steel Factory in Karabük, Turkey." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 64, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2009): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2009-9-1018.

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Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf lichen specimens were collected every 5 km starting from around an iron-steel factory located in the central area of Karabük province, up to Yenice Forest. Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr contents were analyzed in the samples collected from polluted and unpolluted areas. A Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf sample from Yenice Forest was used as a control. The reason for this choise was the abundance of species diversity, and therefore sample collection might cause a very low impact on natural population density. The forest is among the 100 forested areas that must be urgently taken under protection according to WWF (World Wildlife Fund) researches. Results of the current study manifested significant variations among the contents of these elements between stations. As expected, the pollution sources, such as iron-steel factory, roads and railroads, industry, heavy traffic, and waste treatment plants, have major impact on the heavy metal accumulation in P. furfuracea (L.) Zopf, and, in accordance to their location, samples 8 and 10 displayed high element accumulation. Surprisingly, although Yenice Forest is under protection, results of our study showed that the region is becoming polluted by the infl uence of many pollution sources in the area. The present study also confirms the efficient metal accumulation capacity of lichens
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Maimunah, Siti, Hasan Mudzakir, Mohammad Sopan, and Jay H. Samek. "KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON PENYUSUN ARBORETUM KONSERVASI HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS PT ASMIN BARA BRONANG KABUPATEN KAPUAS KALIMANTAN TENGAH." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 8, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v8i3.9626.

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The arboretum area is inside the concession area in Barunang Village, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan, which is in the heath forest area towards the lowland forest. Arboretum area 28 ha with a elevation on 114 mdpl.The research methodology uses a modified version of the Biodiversity Assessment Tool originally developed by the High Conservation Values Resource Network (HCVRN) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). The method developed by USAID LESTARI and the University Consortium together with Michigan State University USA.The results showed that there were 29 arboretum tree compilers which were dominated by Myrtaceae family of 36 tree species, 32 species of Dipterocarpaceae and 20 species of Myristicaceae which were distributed in groups according to the topography and associated species associations. Species Richness 93; Menhinick's Richness Index 5.57; Margalef Richness Index 16.34; Shannon Sspecies Diversity index 4.07, Simpson Diversity Index 0.98; type evenness index 0.90; Most Abundance Species is Jambu-jambu B (Syzygium spp. B) 3.30 and Importance Values Index with dominan species is Tagaron ( Crataeva adansonii) 7.51. This arboretum area is a secondary forest area that has been cleared in several parts which can be maximized in its management with various methods for saving nature, recreation, education and research and other zones including animal breeding.
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Jabbar Khan, Abdul, Gulraiz Akhter, Hamza Farooq Gabriel, and Muhammad Shahid. "Anthropogenic Effects of Coal Mining on Ecological Resources of the Central Indus Basin, Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041255.

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Water is essential for life, agriculture, and industrialization; however, a rapid increase in population is constantly causing water scarcity and pollution in Pakistan. Mining activities produce the potential toxic element (PTE) accumulation, which lead to unnatural enrichment, ecological pollution, and environmental degradation. The ecological resources impeded by the PTEs cause serious abnormalities in the population through dermal contact, inhalation, and digestion. Mining induced anthropogenic activities are well-known causes of contamination of ecological resources. The produced effluents have drastic effects by changing the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the concerned resources. The Central Indus Basin is a well-known coal regime, where more than 160 mines are active at present. The samples that were collected from the mine water, groundwater, surface water, and the soil were analyzed by atomic absorption and elemental determination analysis (EDA) for an assessment of their quality and the presence of PTEs. The results were correlated with available quality standards, including the World Health Organization (WHO), National Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). These analyses showed the noticeable anthropogenic concentration of PTEs, like iron, cadmium, sulphur, and copper, which can degrade the quality of resources in the Central Indus Basin and have adverse effects on human health. An excessive amount of acid mine drainage (AMD) draws attention to some suitable active or passive treatments for disposal from mines to avoid degradation of ecological resources in the Central Indus Basin of Pakistan.
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Jechow, Andreas. "Observing the Impact of WWF Earth Hour on Urban Light Pollution: A Case Study in Berlin 2018 Using Differential Photometry." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030750.

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Earth Hour is one of the most successful coordinated mass efforts worldwide to raise awareness of environmental issues, with excessive energy consumption being one driver of climate change. The campaign, first organized by the World Wildlife Fund in Australia in 2007, has grown across borders and cultures and was celebrated in 188 countries in 2018. It calls for voluntarily reduction of electricity consumption for a single hour of one day each year. Switching off non-essential electric lights is a central theme and resulted in 17,900 landmarks going dark in 2018. This switch-off of lights during Earth Hour also leads to reduction of light pollution for this specific period. In principle, Earth Hour allows the study of light pollution and the linkage to electricity consumption of lighting. However, quantitative analysis of the impact of Earth Hour on light pollution (and electricity consumption) are sparse, with only a few studies published showing no clear impact or the reverse, suffering from residual twilight and unstable weather conditions. In this work, light pollution measurements during Earth Hour 2018 in an urban park (Tiergarten) in Berlin, Germany, are reported. A novel light measurement method using differential photometry with calibrated digital cameras enables tracking of the switching off and switching back on of the lights of Berlin’s iconic Brandenburg Gate and the buildings of Potsdamer Platz adjacent to the park. Light pollution reduction during the event was measurable, despite the presence of moonlight. Strategies for future work on light pollution using such events are discussed.
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Segadinha Adler, Claudia, and Analice Cardoso Serra. "Região dos Lagos e o gerenciamento ambiental que é modelo de sucesso." Revista Dissertar 1, no. 7 (August 1, 2004): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24119/16760867ed13156.

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O presente artigo aborda o tema Gestão Ambiental, e o modelo de gerenciamento ambiental do consórcio Intermunicipal Lagos São João que tem como finalidade recuperar, conservar e preservar o meio ambiente das Bacias da Região dos Lagos, rio São João e Zona Costeira adjacente, promovendo ainda a integração dos órgãos governamentais. Privados, terceiro setor e entidade civis. O artigo apresenta o modelo de gestão ambiental aplicado pelo consórcio com breve relato sobre a importância Histórica da Região dos Lagos, no contexto histórico do País. Em seguida é apresentado a ideia original da criação do consórcio Intermunicipal Lagos São João e sua atual estrutura operacional. É apresentado ainda, a proposta para criação do Comitê Lagos São João. É mostrado as sugestões e projetos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável da região e a importância das descobertas cientificas para o sucesso do gerenciamento. Outro fato importante que não pode deixar de ser mencionado é a indicação do WORLD WILDLIFE FUND – WWF/Brasil que escolheu o modelo de gerenciamento ambiental do CILSJ como sendo um modelo de sucesso que deve ser seguido por outros países. A seguir, um breve relato sobre os problemas com os resíduos sólidos na região e a solução encontrada. Na conclusão, são feitas considerações sobre a importância do trabalho desenvolvido para recuperar a Lagoa de Araruama e sua Bacia visando o crescimento econômico e o desenvolvimento sustentável da região.
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Raharjeng, Anita Restu Puji, Deby Noviyanti, Eli Apriana, Laila Fahriati, and Yunita Dwi Hastati. "Plant Diversity On Protected Forest Vegetation Of Dempo Mountains, Pagar Alam, South Sumatera." Jurnal Biota 5, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/biota.v5i1.2660.

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Vegetation is a collection of plants that usually consist of several species and live together in one place. Vegetation analysis is a way of studying the composition (component type) and the shape (structure) of vegetation or vegetation communities. Forests are the most important habitat component of life, hence the condition of plant communities within the forest, whether plant species composition, species dominance, density or closure of the canopy should be measured. The island of Sumatra is one of the most diverse ecoregion regions in the world. World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) as one of the world's conservation organizations incorporates mountainous rainforest as a conservation area. The Sumatra mountain forests are one of the 200 critically endorsed ecoregions and a priority of global conservation. Mount Dempo is a protected forest area located on a cluster of hills line the island of Sumatra. This mountain has a height of 3159 asl (above sea level) and is the highest mountain in the area of South Sumatra. This study aims to determine the diversity of plants in the protected forest vegetation of Mount Dempo, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatera. Vegetation analysis was done by purposive sampling with bitterlich method, i.e measurement done on plot measuring 2x2, 5x5, 10x10, and 20x20 m. Analyzes were performed on two plots of different locations, and all plant species found in each plot were recorded of the type and amount. The parameters measured include the type name, the individual number of each type, the diameter, the height, and the height of the free branch. The results obtained at the Importance Value Index (INP) in Gunung Dempo, Pagar Alam of 294 stated that Mount Dempo has a high vegetation that is still preserving the existing plant, but it is also able to used as tourist visit as the stage of environmental and nature care.
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Braga, Afonso Carlos. "The Paradox between Consumerism and Sustainability - How to approach the marketing professionals with this theme." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 4, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2013v4i3p29-39.

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Much has been said these days about the World’s limited capacity to provide sustainable resources vis a vis the growing population's demand for goods and supplies in a planet of finite resources. According to the Living Planet Report, produced by the NGO World Wildlife Fund (WWF): “At humanity's present rate of consumption, by 2030 we'll need the resources of two Earths just to survive long-term. There are really two options: start building another Earth, or drastically change our lifestyles. Which one is supposed to be easier?”[1]The present article addresses this issue from the point of view of the marketing executives of big companies, responsible to lead the communication and growth strategies of those companies, often encouraging 'consumerism' to meet the profit and revenue growths. The idea was to understand if this topic is relevant to these professionals,hence their companies, and raise some hypotheses of how to approach this problem in order to provoke those companies to practice "conscious marketing". Going one step further, does the type of organizational paradigm in which the executive company acts should influence the way to approach this professional when conducting personal interviews to collect data? An initial analysis on the theory of how to develop market research questions to avoid bias and/or induced responses, will lead to the article conclusion of how to set up a questionnaire that will be taken into consideration in a near future, at the masters’ thesis of the author.[1] Source:http://io9.com/5664078/humanity-will-need-two-earths-to-sustain-itself-in-just-twenty-years, access 02 dec 12
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Ocón, Jonathan Pando, Thomas Ibanez, Janet Franklin, Stephanie Pau, Gunnar Keppel, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Michael Edward Shin, and Thomas Welch Gillespie. "Global tropical dry forest extent and cover: A comparative study of bioclimatic definitions using two climatic data sets." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): e0252063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252063.

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There is a debate concerning the definition and extent of tropical dry forest biome and vegetation type at a global spatial scale. We identify the potential extent of the tropical dry forest biome based on bioclimatic definitions and climatic data sets to improve global estimates of distribution, cover, and change. We compared four bioclimatic definitions of the tropical dry forest biome–Murphy and Lugo, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), DryFlor, aridity index–using two climatic data sets: WorldClim and Climatologies at High-resolution for the Earth’s Land Surface Areas (CHELSA). We then compared each of the eight unique combinations of bioclimatic definitions and climatic data sets using 540 field plots identified as tropical dry forest from a literature search and evaluated the accuracy of World Wildlife Fund tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. We used the definition and climate data that most closely matched field data to calculate forest cover in 2000 and change from 2001 to 2020. Globally, there was low agreement (< 58%) between bioclimatic definitions and WWF ecoregions and only 40% of field plots fell within these ecoregions. FAO using CHELSA had the highest agreement with field plots (81%) and was not correlated with the biome extent. Using the FAO definition with CHELSA climatic data set, we estimate 4,931,414 km2 of closed canopy (≥ 40% forest cover) tropical dry forest in 2000 and 4,369,695 km2 in 2020 with a gross loss of 561,719 km2 (11.4%) from 2001 to 2020. Tropical dry forest biome extent varies significantly based on bioclimatic definition used, with nearly half of all tropical dry forest vegetation missed when using ecoregion boundaries alone, especially in Africa. Using site-specific field validation, we find that the FAO definition using CHELSA provides an accurate, standard, and repeatable way to assess tropical dry forest cover and change at a global scale.
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Burdenko, E. V. "CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 2112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-9-2112-2129.

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The article provides an overview of scientific research by scientists from around the world on the formation and implementation of the principles of a circular economy. Attention is also paid to the historical aspect of the formation of the stages of economic development. The characteristics of the agrarian, industrial and post-industrial economies are given. It is shown that the problem of limited resources and the use of consumption and production wastes has always existed. But these problems were solved in different ways in different historical periods. The solution to the accumulated problems is the transition to a circular economy model. Introduction of more advanced technologies allows not only to reduce the negative impact on the environment of current production activities, but also to reduce the volume of accumulated waste over the previous periods of production activities. When studying the Russian experience in the transition to a circular economy model, attention is paid to Russian legislation. The practical application of circular economy principles is shown on the example of a Russian industrial enterprise. The ecological program “Clean City”, which was developed at Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, is considered. It should be implemented in stages until 2025. The ongoing programs require significant financial resources and cannot be implemented in the short term. The graphs show the result of the ongoing program: reduction of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, into water bodies, comparative data on specific emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) kg/ton of steel at the leading metallurgical plants in the world (2017). The environmental safety of the production processes of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works is ensured not only by advanced technologies, but also by modern methods of environmental management. The enterprise has implemented an environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001, which is confirmed by a certificate issued to the enterprise. The independent appraisal of the enterprise in 2018 was carried out by the Living Planet TV channel and the Modern Media Institute (MOMRI); energy rating agency Interfax-Era; World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
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Read, Mike. "The Gardener's Guide to Plant Conservation by Nina T. Marshall (World Wildlife Fund-US, Washington DC, 1993, ISBN 0 89164 139 4, 187 pp., $12.95 plus $2 postage from WWF, PO Box 4866, Hampden Post Office, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA)." Oryx 27, no. 3 (July 1993): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300028039.

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28

Kremer, Randall. "Institutions World Wildlife Fund." Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 27, no. 4 (May 1985): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139157.1985.9930839.

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Chairunnisa, Eca. "PERANAN WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF) DALAM UPAYA KONSERVASI POPULASI BADAK JAWA DI INDONESIA." Global Political Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v2i1.2012.

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This study is to examine the role of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in the Javan rhino population conservation efforts in Indonesia. Endangered Javan rhino population makes the WWF as an environmental organization that also address the issue of endangered species, participating in efforts to conserve this species. Researchers analyzed the various efforts made by the WWF conservation of Javan rhino populations in Indonesia so that the species can survive in their habitat. The research method used in this study is the author of qualitative methods, aims to describe the facts relating to the problem under study. Most of the data collected through library research, online data retrieval, documentation, interviews and observations. The data was then analyzed with theoretical approaches associated with theories of International Relations such as the International Organizations Role Theory, and International Cooperation. The results showed that the WWF has done his role as international organizations in dealing with the extinction of the Javan Rhino. Javan rhino population conservation programs that have been carried out by WWF in Indonesia has resulted in an increase in member javan rhino population. Thus, an important role in the conservation of WWF Indonesia's Javan rhino population.
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Small, Meredith F. ": Cry of the Muriqui. . World Wildlife Fund. ; Monkey of the Clouds . World Wildlife Fund." American Anthropologist 87, no. 4 (December 1985): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1985.87.4.02a00710.

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Adiningtyas, Adella, Aida Vitayala S. Hubeis, and Dwi Retno Hapsari. "Strategi Hubungan Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Citra Organisasi Nirlaba World Wide Fund for Nature – Indonesia." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 1, no. 3 (August 4, 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.1.2.223-236.

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Non-profit organizations engaged in environmental issues has been increasingly recognized by many people. The success of non-profit organizations that pursued by increasing the positive image obtained from media relations. This study aimed to analyze the strategy of Public Relations (PR) WWF-Indonesia in improving the image of the organization. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and qualitative approach. The method used is survay on two student organizations Bogor Agricultural University who worked with WWF-Indonesia, they are from Fisheries Diving Club (FDC) and the Association of Student Interest in Sciences of Communication and Community Development (HIMASIERA). Data analysis included Spearman Rank test and Chi Square used to look at the relationship between PR strategy with the image of a non-profit organization. The results of the study, namely: 1) there is a relationship between individual characteristics with the image of a company that is formed; 2) there is a relationship between the public relation activities undertaken by the company's image.Keywords: environmental issue, media relation, student organizations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRAKOrganisasi nirlaba yang bergerak di isu-isu lingkungan telah semakin diakui oleh banyak orang. Keberhasilan organisasi nirlaba yang dikejar dengan meningkatkan citra positif yang diperoleh dari hubungan media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi hubungan masyarakat WWF-Indonesia dalam meningkatkan citra organisasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah survai pada dua organisasi mahasiswa Institut Pertanian Bogor yang bekerja dengan WWF-Indonesia yang berasal dari Fisheries Diving Club (FDC) dan Asosiasi Mahasiswa Peminat Ilmu Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat (HIMASIERA). Analisis data termasuk uji Rank Spearman dan Chi Square, digunakan untuk melihat hubungan antara strategi PR dengan citra sebuah organisasi nirlaba. Hasil studi, yaitu: 1) terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik individu dengan citra perusahaan yang terbentuk; 2) ada hubungan antara kegiatan hubungan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh citra perusahaan.Kata kunci: isu lingkungan, hubungan media, organisasi mahasiswa
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Medley, G. J. "Strategic planning for the world wildlife fund." Long Range Planning 21, no. 1 (February 1988): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(88)90057-x.

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33

Dick, Warren. "The World Wildlife Fund Atlas of the Environment." Journal of Environmental Quality 21, no. 1 (January 1992): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100010034x.

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34

Rose, Christopher. "Acidic Deposition: Statement of World Wildlife Fund International." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 1 (1986): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900036006.

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Dransfield, John, and Anthony Huxley. "Green Inheritance. The World Wildlife Fund Book of Plants." Kew Bulletin 41, no. 4 (1986): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4103009.

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Kasbarian, John A., and Anthony Huxley. "Green Inheritance: The World Wildlife Fund Book of Plants." Geographical Review 76, no. 2 (April 1986): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214634.

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Steers, J. A., and Anthony Huxley. "Green Inheritance: The World Wildlife Fund Book of Plants." Geographical Journal 151, no. 3 (November 1985): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633039.

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Egie E. Yusadhi and Alvanov Zpalanzani Mansoor. "KAJIAN KAMPANYE SOSIAL WORLD WILDLIFE FUND: THE LAST SELFIE." Jurnal Bahasa Rupa 3, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31598/bahasarupa.v3i2.559.

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The cases of protecting endangered animals around the world are difficult to solve. Lack of public awareness of the survival of these animals become one of the contributing factors. Given the importance of the survival of these animals, World Wildlife Fund as a global fund-raising agency invitesDanish and turkey advertising agencies to create a social campaign where they invited millennials to donate their money to help the survival of endangered animals and comes up with #LastSelfie. It is social media based campaign using Snapchat which then integrated with other social media. This campaign generated 40,000 tweets in a week and meets donation goal in just three days. This is a descriptive explanative research which itspurpose is to find out whether #LastSelfie campaign through breaking the structure of campaign materials and depict its relationship with the aim of campaign based on copywriting and target audience Engagement Process in social media theory. Through the application of this concept which encompasses various aspects of the campaign, at the end of this writing, the authors concludes that #LastSelfie campaign corresponds to the process sequence of Engagement in social media — consuming, curation, creation, collaboration, through meticulous campaign naming, copywriting strategy, sharing among peers, and collaborative donation to help preserve endangered animals.
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Shapiro, A. C., L. Nijsten, S. Schmitt, and P. Tibaldeschi. "GLOBIL: WWF's Global Observation and Biodiversity Information Portal." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-511-2015.

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Despite ever increasing availability of satellite imagery and spatial data, conservation managers, decision makers and planners are often unable to analyze data without special knowledge or software. WWF is bridging this gap by putting extensive spatial data into an easy to use online mapping environment, to allow visualization, manipulation and analysis of large data sets by any user. Consistent, reliable and repeatable ecosystem monitoring information for priority eco-regions is needed to increase transparency in WWF’s global conservation work, to measure conservation impact, and to provide communications with the general public and organization members. Currently, much of this monitoring and evaluation data is isolated, incompatible, or inaccessible and not readily usable or available for those without specialized software or knowledge. <br><br> Launched in 2013 by WWF Netherlands and WWF Germany, the Global Observation and Biodiversity Information Portal (GLOBIL) is WWF’s new platform to unite, centralize, standardize and visualize geo-spatial data and information from more than 150 active GIS users worldwide via cloud-based ArcGIS Online. GLOBIL is increasing transparency, providing baseline data for monitoring and evaluation while communicating impacts and conservation successes to the public. <br><br> GLOBIL is currently being used in the worldwide marine campaign as an advocacy tool for establishing more marine protected areas, and a monitoring interface to track the progress towards ocean protection goals. In the Kavango-Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation area, local partners are using the platform to monitor land cover changes, barriers to species migrations, potential human-wildlife conflict and local conservation impacts in vast wildlife corridor. In East Africa, an early warning system is providing conservation practitioners with real-time alerts of threats particularly to protected areas and World Heritage Sites by industrial extractive activities. And for globally consistent baseline ecosystem monitoring, MODIS-derived data are being combined with local information to provide visible advocacy for conservation. As GLOBIL is built up through the WWF network, the worldwide organization is able to provide open access to its data on biodiversity and remote sensing, spatial analysis and projects to support goal setting, monitoring and evaluation, and fundraising activities.
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Anyango-van Zwieten, Nowella, Machiel Lamers, and René van der Duim. "Funding for nature conservation: a study of public finance networks at World Wide Fund for nature (WWF)." Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 14 (August 28, 2019): 3749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01848-y.

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Mohamad Saleh, Mohamad Saifudin, and Harald Heinrichs. "Media representation of environmental issues in Malaysia." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i2.475.

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This research aims to discover the types of environment issues represented in Malaysian newspapers and environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs) newsletters, and to examine the factors in the selection of environmental issues by both social actors. Two methods were employed for the purpose of this study. First, a quantitative content analysis were conducted on 2,050 environmental articles on The Star and Utusan Malaysia’s newspapers together with World Wide Fund for Nature’s (WWF) and Malaysia Nature Society’s (MNS) newsletters from the period of 2012 to 2014. Second, a total of 24 interviewees encompassing of 13 interviewees from The Star and Utusan Malaysia, and 11 interviewees from WWF and MNS were chosen for the in-depth interview sessions. The results of this study discovered that the ways of media and ENGOs representing environmental information in newspapers and newsletters are slightly different. The ENGOs have given more attention to environmental effort topics like sustainable living while the media are focused more environmental problems like floods. However, this study also found that the Malaysian media and the ENGOs shared certain similar criteria for selecting environmental issues for their newsletters especially the news values of proximity, timeliness and impact.
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Zahid, Fariha, and Anwar Khurshid. "WWF (Pakistan): A Major Shift Towards a New Appraisal and Compensation System." Asian Journal of Management Cases 17, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820119845976.

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Hammad, the newly appointed Director General of World Wide Fund for Nature-Pakistan ( WWF- Pakistan), was musing over the decision regarding a major overhaul in some of their critical work practices. This decision was in response to the recent feedback received from the employees regarding the areas which needed to be improved in the organization. According to the given scenario, the majority of their employees were quite dissatisfied and demotivated over some of their human resource areas. Although Hammad was quite clear headed about the idea that a change was needed to take place in some of their key human resource practices, there were certain pros and cons involved in these decisions, which he wanted to discuss with his Senior Manager, Tahir. They both had their unanimous decision on the fact that if they wanted to retain a motivated and hardworking staff, their existing appraisal and compensation system needed to be aligned with the overall mission and organizational values of WWF. Whether they were ready to make this change, and how this change will reflect on their current system, were the main issues they wanted to address.
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A Rahman, Puteh Noraihan. "Ada apa dalam "Hutan Melayu"? Naratif fizikal dan spiritual hutan Melayu di zaman British-Malaya." Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/jm.14(1)no1.

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According to the WWF, forests cover 30% of the earth’s surface and act as important support systems in balancing the world ecosystem (World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) n.d.). They are home to many plant and animal species and a critical source for sustaining human livelihood. Human dependency on forest products is the backbone of not only the survival of a nuclear family but also contributes to the economy of the local community. As known, Malaysian forests consist of mountainous forests, tropical rainforest, swamps and coastal forests. As for traditional Malay society, they relied heavily on forests for survival. Besides its functioning as a source of food, forests also contribute to the cultural aspects of society in the Malay civilisation. Hence, this study will analyse the image and description of the Malay forests based on the writing of British officers and writers during the colonial era such as Maxwell, Clifford, Swettenham, Fauconnier, Endicott, Winstedt, Skeat, Wilkinson and Annandale. By using a narrative approach and auto-ethnography, views of the Malay forest will be assessed from Western perspectives, which are based predominantly on the observations of British-Malaya colonial officers and Western scholars involved directly in the Malay community and their communal activities at the time. In summary, this writing will depict the worldview of the Malays about their forests, physically and spiritually, through the lens of Westerners.
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Kimengsi, Jude Ndzifon, Jurgen Pretzsch, Eckhard Auch, and Balgah Roland Azibo. "WWF’s Green Business Model in Protected Area Conservation and Livelihoods Sustenance in Cameroon: The Need for a Shift in Approach?" Environment and Natural Resources Research 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v9n1p9.

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Rising interests to support green development through targeted conservation approaches in the developing world attracted international NGO attention especially in the 1990s. One of such NGOs, the World-Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has been backstopping many African nations in the process of realizing the twin objectives of livelihood sustenance and protected area conservation. In the case of Cameroon, one of her key areas of intervention has been the introduction of green business initiatives as a way of strengthening the link between livelihood support and conservation in protected areas. With a focus on Cameroon, we review the green business model (Note 1) as a WWF intervention approach in Africa. We undertake a random survey of household representatives drawn from 7 WWF conservation cooperatives in Cameroon on their perceptions and preferences with regards to the green business initiative. This was complemented by interviews to 8 WWF and partner CSO representatives, and field observations. The results are discussed to include a schema of the green business approach in Africa with a focus on Cameroon, cooperative members&rsquo; knowledge levels of the initiative, impact of the initiative and clarity of benefit sharing schemes in place, among others. The pairwise correlation shows a strong positive relationship between knowledge/experience levels and a number of elements including shortcomings of the initiative, the need for strategy improvement, and the tendency for outside influence on the green business choices. This aspect equally showed a strong positive correlation with the need to switch to other green business options and unclear benefit sharing. In conclusion, we argue for a shift in the green business approach to capture issues of improvement in knowledge levels, diversification, technical and institutional capacity building, clarity of benefit sharing, and value chain development. We further advocate for a green business approach in tandem with the aspirations of local populations around protected areas on the one hand, and the need for a conservation cooperative alliance on the other hand. The results contribute to the &ldquo;green economy&rdquo; discourse which has significantly gained grounds in all spheres of conservation and development interventions.
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Luke, Timothy W. "The world wildlife fund: Ecocolonialism as funding the worldwide “wise use”; of nature." Capitalism Nature Socialism 8, no. 2 (June 1997): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455759709358734.

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TOURINHO, ANA LÚCIA, NANCY F. LO MAN-HUNG, and ALEXANDRE BRAGIO BONALDO. "A new species of Ricinulei of the genus Cryptocellus Westwood (Arachnida) from northern Brazil." Zootaxa 2684, no. 1 (November 23, 2010): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2684.1.7.

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Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov. is described from an adult female collected during a field campaign organized by the World Wildlife Fund to the median Negro River at the Jauaperí river, in the state of Roraima, northern Brazil.
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47

Raut, Ninad B., and Anand Pendharkar. "Butterfly (Rhopalocera) fauna of Maharashtra Nature Park, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India." Check List 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.1.022.

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Mumbai, one of the largest metro cities in the world, holds rich biodiversity in few green fragmented natural or manmade habitats. One such habitat is the Maharashtra Nature Park (MNP). MNP is located in a highly polluted area of Mumbai; this was a dumping ground for nearly 26 years. In 1983, it was restored into a semi-natural forest with the initial technical inputs from World Wide Fund for Nature-India (WWF-India). Presently, this nature park supports a rich biodiversity but lacks proper documentation. Such information is essential as the park serves as an important study area for many schools, college students and for many nature lovers. Previous documentation has reported 38 butterfly species from the park. The present study carried out from June 2005 to November 2005 has documented 53 species belonging to five families from MNP.
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48

GÖSSLING, STEFAN. "Tourism – sustainable development option?" Environmental Conservation 27, no. 3 (September 2000): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000242.

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In the 1990s, tourism received increasing attention as a low-impact, non-consumptive development option, in particular for developing countries. It is argued that tourism allows for the use of areas which are otherwise of low value, such as remote beaches, but perfectly meet the demands of the growing travel industry (e.g. WWF [World Wide Fund for Nature ] 1995; World Bank 1998). In line with the concept of sustainable tourism, it is believed that negative social and environmental impacts can be avoided or minimized if tourism development is thoroughly well planned and controlled. This view can be contrasted with the fact that what may be considered sustainable forms of tourism still represent an extremely small share of all tourism, presumably less than 5%, and that some impacts like the use of energy and its global consequences have virtually been excluded from the discussion on sustainability.
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49

Firmansyah, Rangga Putra, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Aulia Nur Kasiwi, and Delila Putri Sadayi. "PROGRAM HEART OF BORNEO WWF DALAM PELESTARIAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 9, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i1.10477.

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This study aims to see how the programs of the Heart of Borneo (HoB) and the actions taken by the HoB in forest conservation in Kalimantan. Forest is an area that is overgrown with dense trees and as a place to live flora and fauna that live without human intervention. Forests are the key to the survival of creatures on earth, including humans, because they can affect many things that include life and sustainability. One organization that cares about forests is the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the organization formed by WWF to protect Kalimantan's forests is the Heart of Borneo. The purpose of the Heart of Borneo itself is to preserve and maintain the rainforest areas in Kalimantan for the welfare of present and future generations. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method in which the researcher seeks to describe a phenomenon, event, and event that is happening which is then described as there where the researcher tries to describe the Heart of Borneo program in Kalimantan. The results of this study indicate that forest destruction that occurred in Kalimantan is very worrying. The damage was caused by large-scale forest clearing wich changed its functions to the coal mining, the conversion of forest land to oil palm agriculture functions that damage the living ecosystem of flora and fauna. Previously, Kalimantan forest were very beneficial for human life and the flora fauna that live in it.Through the Heart of Borneo program, it seeks to protect the remaining forest in Kalimantan to remain sustainable and function properly
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50

Ormond, R. F. G. "Marine Biodiversity: Causes and Consequences." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 1 (February 1996): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029076.

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A meeting on Marine biodiversity: causes and consequences was held in York on 30 August – 2 September 1994, organized by the Marine Biological Association and the Scottish Association for Marine Science and supported by the World Wildlife Fund for Nature, the Natural History Museum and the Marine Conservation Society. The following 16 papers were first presented at this meeting.
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