Academic literature on the topic 'World Year of Slovaks, 1997-1998'
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Journal articles on the topic "World Year of Slovaks, 1997-1998"
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Morgan, Julian, Nigel Pain, and Florence Hubert. "The World Economy." National Institute Economic Review 161 (July 1997): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019716100103.
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Global activity continued to gain momentum in the early months of this year, helped by above trend growth in the North American economies. There was also a temporary acceleration in the growth of consumers' expenditure in Japan prior to a rise in indirect taxes in April. Total output in the OECD economies is estimated to have risen by 0.9 per cent in the first quarter of the year to a level 2.9 per cent higher than a year earlier. Output in the NAFTA member states rose by 1.4 per cent, and was over 4 per cent higher than in the first quarter of 1996. Conditions appear to remain favourable for steady growth through the remainder of this year, with OECD GDP projected to rise by 2¾ per cent in 1997 and 2½ per cent in 1998.
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Barrell, Ray, Julian Morgan, Nigel Pain, and Florence Hubert. "The World Economy." National Institute Economic Review 160 (April 1997): 36–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019716000104.
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It is increasingly clear that the world economy has been recovering relatively strongly from a pause in activity at the end of 1995. The recovery has also been relatively well spread around the globe, with Japan displaying the strongest growth amongst the larger economies, in part because of the effects of the depreciation of the yen, but also because government policy was expansionary throughout last year. Although growth rates in Europe appear low in 1996, with Germany and France both recording growth of less than 1½ per cent, growth through the year has generally been strong. It appears there is still some spare capacity in Europe, and hence growth can be expected to strengthen further into 1998, at least within continental Europe. The US economy has been growing at or above capacity for several years; in the fourth quarter of last year output rose by a further 1 per cent, with growth through the year of over 3 per cent. Domestic demand also rose strongly in Canada and Mexico in the latter half of last year. Growth in the NAFTA economies is expected to strengthen in 1997, but to slow into 1998 in the aftermath of moves to tighten monetary policy. Overall, as can be seen from Table 1, we expect a period of above trend growth and low inflation in the majority of the OECD countries.
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Ronveaux, O., A. Bosman, R. Reintjes, and M. A. E. Conyn-Van Spaendonck. "Descriptive epidemiology of exanthems in the Rotterdam region January 1997 to June 1998." Eurosurveillance 3, no. 12 (1998): 122–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.03.12.00113-en.
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The European Advisory Group on Immunisation has recommended that measles should be eliminated from Europe by the year 2007 , a target accepted by National Immunisation Programme Managers for the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region countries. I
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Vilinová, Katarína, Gabriela Repaská, Matej Vojtek, and Alena Dubcová. "Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of Cancer Incidence in Slovakia." European Spatial Research and Policy 24, no. 2 (2018): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/esrp-2017-0015.
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Coping with the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of cancers is a challenging medical task with continuing consequences for the development of population health status and economy of health in each country. The occurrence of cancers shows an upward trend in the world. A comprehensive fight against cancers should involve the spatial aspect which is best applied in the field of medical geography. The key indicators for the surveillance of cancers include mortality and incidence, but also prevalence. Incidence plays a more and more important role in the period of an increase in cancers. In the investigation of this issue specific analytical methods were used, such as spatial autocorrelation. Standardized cancer incidence in Slovakia was analyzed in the case of men and women. The years 1997, 2009 and the period 1997–2009 were chosen to compare the incidence. The results of partial analyses show the situation in districts of Slovakia from the perspective of incidence development and its spatial differentiation.
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Pfender, W. F., and S. C. Alderman. "Geographical Distribution and Incidence of Orchardgrass Choke, Caused by Epichloë typhina, in Oregon." Plant Disease 83, no. 8 (1999): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.8.754.
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A 1998 survey was conducted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, the major U.S. production area for orchardgrass seed, to determine the extent and severity of choke disease in Dactylis glomerata. This disease is a severe constraint to orchardgrass seed production in other parts of the world, but was unknown in Oregon prior to 1997. Thirty-seven fields, representing 27 cultivars and the geographical extent of production in the Willamette Valley, were selected from a list of fields registered for certification. Choke was found in 26 (70%) of the fields, and disease incidence ranged from <0.05 to 28% tillers affected. Five of the 37 fields had only trace levels of the disease, but four of the fields, representing three counties, had incidences >10%. In a survey of 16 fields located within 3.5 km of the 1997 discovery, choke was found in 14 fields, of which three had incidences >20%. Increase in disease incidence between 1997 and 1998 ranged from 2.1- to 3.3-fold in the three fields where disease increase was measured. One year after its presence was confirmed in Oregon, choke disease of orchardgrass is well-established throughout the orchardgrass seed producing region at damaging levels and is apparently able to increase and spread under the prevailing climatic and cultural conditions.
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Crisp, Arthur, Liz Cowan, and Deborah Hart. "The College's Anti-Stigma Campaign, 1998–2003." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 4 (2004): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.4.133.
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In autumn 1996, under the Presidency of Dr Robert Kendell, the College decided to mount a campaign to tackle the stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses. In 1997, a working party proposed goals, content, process and a 5-year governance. Other campaigns, both here and abroad, have either generically addressed ‘mental health problems' (e.g. Mind's ‘Respect’ Campaign) or targeted a specific mental illness, e.g. the World Psychiatric Association's anti-stigma campaign in respect of people with schizophrenia. Our working party decided that it might be timely to recognise the differences in public attitudes to the variety of mental illnesses. The campaign thus addressed six categories of mental illness: anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, schizophrenia, the dementias, eating disorders, and drug and alcohol misuse/addiction. Target populations were identified as doctors, children and adolescents, the workplace, the media and the general public. The working party had also secured funding and arranged for a survey, in July 1998, by the Office for National Statistics of opinions of the British public concerning people with these mental illnesses (Crisp et al, 2000). The Campaign started on 7 October 1998. Since that time, and drawing upon our survey findings within its initial literature review (Kelly, 1999) the Department of Health mounted its own anti-stigma campaign, ‘Mind Out for Mental Health’, which addressed a similar range of mental illnesses.
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Szabó, Andrea. "Hungary’s employment policy from the point of view joining the European Union." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 34 (September 2, 2009): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/34/2841.
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What is a place of work? Is it a commitment to work, or continuous pressure under work, or hunting for income? This article is a brief review about the main milestones of the employment history of the European Union and Hungary. In 1989, the Social Charta about the social principles of employee was issued. In 1997 the employment policy became the part of the acquis communautaire. Finally, in 1998, the EuropeanEmployment Strategy was developed, which contains the community employment guidelines. In the year of millennium, the new long term concept of the EU, the Lisbon Strategy was approved. In this document the EU was targeted as the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the World till 2010. The Tens joint to the EU in 2004, and a bit later it became clear, that the EU is light-armed against some of the world economy challenges. As a consequence, many objectives of the Strategy could not be reached. Recently member states of the EU have to develop the national action plan for employment year by year. The hungarian plans were developed as well, but the wrong labour market’s parameters haven’t been changed since 2004.
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Pain, Nigel. "Section I. Recent economic developments." National Institute Economic Review 170 (October 1999): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019917000106.
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The world economy appears to have embarked upon a cyclical upturn this year. Despite the widespread fears of a year ago, the downturn in global demand that began in the latter half of 1997 proved unusually mild and short-lived compared to others seen in the past three decades. Our latest projections indicate that global output growth is likely to have picked up to 2.9 per cent this year from 2.4 per cent in 1998, and may accelerate further to 3¼ per cent next year. In the OECD economies output growth has accelerated this year to 2.8 per cent, with a continued robust expansion in North America and a gradual stabilisation of the Japanese economy more than offsetting the relatively mild slowdown in the Euro Area and the UK. Elsewhere there has been a strong rebound in output in many of the Asian economies, and the impact of the currency crises in Brazil and Russia appears to have been absorbed more easily than had been expected at the time they occurred.
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Bell, Gerald D., Michael S. Halpert, Chester F. Ropelewski, et al. "Climate Assessment for 1998." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 80, no. 5s (1999): S1—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-80.5s.s1.
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The global climate during 1998 was affected by opposite extremes of the ENSO cycle, with one of the strongest Pacific warm episodes (El Niño) in the historical record continuing during January–early May and Pacific cold episode (La Niña) conditions occurring from JulyñDecember. In both periods, regional temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric circulation patterns across the Pacific Ocean and the Americas were generally consistent with those observed during past warm and cold episodes. Some of the most dramatic impacts from both episodes were observed in the Tropics, where anomalous convection was evident across the entire tropical Pacific and in most major monsoon regions of the world. Over the Americas, many of the El Niño– (La Niña–) related rainfall anomalies in the subtropical and extratropical latitudes were linked to an extension (retraction) of the jet streams and their attendant circulation features typically located over the subtropical latitudes of both the North Pacific and South Pacific. The regions most affected by excessive El Niño–related rainfall included 1) the eastern half of the tropical Pacific, including western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, which experienced significant flooding and mudslides; 2) southeastern South America, where substantial flooding was also observed; and 3) California and much of the central and southern United States during January–March, and the central United States during April–June. El Niño–related rainfall deficits during 1998 included 1) Indonesia and portions of northern Australia; 2) the Amazon Basin, in association with a substantially weaker-than-normal South American monsoon circulation; 3) Mexico, which experienced extreme drought throughout the El Niño episode; and 4) the Gulf Coast states of the United States, which experienced extreme drought during April–June 1998. The El Niño also contributed to extreme warmth across North America during January–May. The primary La Niña–related precipitation anomalies included 1) increased rainfall across Indonesia, and a nearly complete disappearance of rainfall across the east-central equatorial Pacific; 2) above-normal rains across northwestern, eastern, and northern Australia; 3) increased monsoon rains across central America and Mexico during October–December; and 4) dryness across equatorial eastern Africa. The active 1998 North Atlantic hurricane season featured 14 named storms (9 of which became hurricanes) and the strongest October hurricane (Mitch) in the historical record. In Honduras and Nicaragua extreme flooding and mudslides associated with Hurricane Mitch claimed more than 11 000 lives. During the peak of activity in August–September, the vertical wind shear across the western Atlantic, along with both the structure and location of the African easterly jet, were typical of other active seasons. Other regional aspects of the short-term climate included 1) record rainfall and massive flooding in the Yangtze River Basin of central China during June–July; 2) a drier and shorter-than-normal 1997/98 rainy season in southern Africa; 3) above-normal rains across the northern section of the African Sahel during June–September 1998; and 4) a continuation of record warmth across Canada during June–November. Global annual mean surface temperatures during 1998 for land and marine areas were 0.56°C above the 1961–90 base period means. This record warmth surpasses the previous highest anomaly of +0.43°C set in 1997. Record warmth was also observed in the global Tropics and Northern Hemisphere extratropics during the year, and is partly linked to the strong El Nino conditions during January–early May.
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Chase-Dunn, Christopher, E. Susan Manning, and Thomas D. Hall. "Rise and Fall." Social Science History 24, no. 4 (2000): 727–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012050.
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The world-systems perspective was invented for modeling and interpreting the expansion and deepening of the capitalist regional system as it emerged in Europe and incorporated the whole globe over the past 500 years (Wallerstein 1974; Chase-Dunn 1998; Arrighi 1994). The idea of a core/periphery hierarchy composed of “advanced” economically developed and powerful states dominating and exploiting “less developed” peripheral regions has been a central concept in the world-systems perspective. In the last decade the world-systems approach has been extended to the analysis of earlier and smaller intersocietal systems. Andre Gunder Frank and Barry Gills (1994) have argued that the contemporary global political economy is simply a continuation of a 5,000-year-old world system that emerged with the first states in Mesopotamia. Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas Hall (1997) have modified the basic world-systems concepts to make them useful for a comparative study of very different kinds of systems. They include very small intergroup networks composed of sedentary foragers, as well as larger systems containing chiefdoms, early states, agrarian empires, and the contemporary global system in their scope of comparison.
Books on the topic "World Year of Slovaks, 1997-1998"
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Stanislav, Bajaník, and Dendu̓́rová-Tapalogová Viera, eds. Pamätnica Svetového roka Slovákov, 17. júl 1997-19. september 1998 =: Commemorative book, The world year of Slovaks, 17th July 1997-19th September 1998. Matica Slovenska, 1999.
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Stanislav, Bajaník, Dendu̓́rová-Tapalagová Viera, and Matica slovenská, eds. Pamätnica Svetového roka Slovákov, 17. júl 1997-19. september 1998 =: The World Year of Slovaks commemorative book. Matica Slovenská, 1999.
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The 1998 world book year book: A review of the events of 1997 : the annual supplement to the World book encyclopedia. World Book, 1998.
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The 1998 World book year book: The annual supplement to the World book encyclopedia : a review of the events of 1997. World Book, 1998.
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Hunter, Brian. The Statesman's Year-Book 1997-1998: A Statistical, Political and Economic Account of the States of the World (Statesman's Year-Book). St. Martin's Press, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "World Year of Slovaks, 1997-1998"
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McCoy, Alfred W. "The Stimulus of Prohibition: A Critical History of the Global Narcotics Trade." In Dangerous Harvest. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143201.003.0007.
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The current war on drugs being waged by the United States and United Nations rests upon a fundamental misunderstanding of the global narcotics traffic. In 1998, for example, the White House issued a National Drug Control Strategy, proclaiming a 10-year program “to reduce illegal drug use and availability 50 percent by the year 2007,” thereby achieving “the lowest recorded drug-use rate in American history.” To this end, the U.S. program plans to reduce foreign drug cultivation, shipments from source countries like Colombia, and smuggling in key transit zones. Although this strategy promises a balanced attack on both supply and demand, its ultimate success hinges upon the complete eradication of the international supply of illicit drugs. “Eliminating the cultivation of illicit coca and opium,” the document says in a revealing passage, “is the best approach to combating cocaine and heroin availability in the U.S.” (U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy 1998: 1, 23, 28). Similarly, in 1997 the new head of the United Nations Drug Control Program, Dr. Pino Arlacchi, announced a 10-year program to eradicate all illicit opium and coca cultivation, starting in Afghanistan. Three years later, in the United Nation’s World Drug Report 2000, he defended prohibition’s feasibility by citing China as a case where “comprehensive narcotics control strategies . . . succeeded in eradicating opium between 1949 and 1954”— ignoring the communist coercion that allowed such success. Arlacchi also called for an “end to the psychology of despair” that questions drug prohibition, and insisted that this policy can indeed produce “the eradication of coca and opium poppy production.” Turning the page, however, the reader will find a chart showing a sharp rise in world opium production from 500 tons in 1981 to 6,000 tons in 2000— a juxtaposition that seems to challenge Ar-lacchi’s faith in prohibition (Bonner 1997; Wren 1998a, 1998b; United Nations 2000d, 1–2, 24). Examined closely, the United States and United Nations are pursuing a drug control strategy whose success requires not just the reduction but also the total eradication of illicit narcotics cultivation from the face of the globe. Like the White House, the United Nations Drug Control Program (UNDCP) remains deeply, almost theologically committed to the untested proposition that the prohibition of cultivation is an effective response to the problem of illicit drugs.
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Carlmark, B., and A. Lindvall. "Mercury, a Toxic Metal, and Dental Amalgam Removal." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0016.
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Mercury is an element with unique physical and chemical properties whose deleterious effects on various organ systems have been known for centuries. The metal (Hg°) mercury is the only element liquid at ambient temperatures and has an extremely high vapor pressure. Natural degassing of the earth’s crust by volcanoes and emissions from soils and waters are estimated to contribute on the order of 2700 to 30,000 tons per year (Nriagu 1989, Lindqvist 1991). A second source of mercury is anthropogenic from burning of coal or petroleum. The total input into the atmosphere may be up to 150,000 tons per year, with natural emissions accounting for the major input (Berlin 1986). However, estimations of contributions from different sources vary. Aristotle wrote about mercury as liquid silver (hydrargyrum) with the metallic mercury extracted in ancient times, as today, from the sulphide mineral cinnabar (HgS). Although technical developments have brought about more sophisticated methods of distilling mercury, all processes create mercury vapor, which is a potential hazard. Mercury mines pose environmental concern, due to mine tailings and waste rock contributing mercury-enriched sediment to watersheds (Rytuba 2000) such as in the California Coast Ranges (Rytuba 2000), the Idria mine in Slovenia (Hines et al. 2000), in Slovakia (Svoboda et al. 2000), and, perhaps most conspicuously, the mine tailings in Aznacollar, Spain, that caused a recent accident (Grimalt et al. 1999). Any industrial sites that utilize mercury during production may also produce contamination of the environment (Sunderland and Chmura 2000). The possible sources of mercury exposure are presented in Table 10.1. Amalgamation with mercury has been used as a method for beneficiation of gold and silver since Roman times. The total global release of mercury into the environment from these activities before 1930 was estimated as over 260,000 tons. Thereafter, with the introduction of cyanidation processing technology, the emissions declined (Lacerda and Solomons 1998). However, small-scale artisanal gold mining continues and is a serious hazard to largely unskilled persons in rural areas over the world.
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Bradley, Richard. "Significant Forms." In The Idea of Order. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199608096.003.0014.
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Most of the problems investigated by prehistorians involve material that has been known for a long time. Thus, artefacts, settlements, and monuments have been placed in chronological order and their distributions have been mapped. Taken together, the results of this work constitute an ‘archaeological record’ which can be analyzed and interpreted with the aid of different theories. Only occasionally is the nature of that record entirely transformed. It has happened in some regions where large-scale excavations are necessitated by commercial development, but it is in Central and south-eastern Europe that the transformation has been especially dramatic. This has happened for two reasons. The first is a consequence of political changes which have allowed archaeologists to employ aerial photography for the first time. The second has been the use of large-scale geophysical survey which has often been inspired by the discoveries made from the air. Taken together, these new methods have identified largely new classes of prehistoric monument and have shed fresh light on those that were already known. An unexpected result of these developments has been the discovery of enclosures dating from the Neolithic period. Until twenty years ago their distribution was largely confined to West Germany and Austria. Now that restrictions on flying have been lifted, it has been possible to undertake aerial reconnaissance in other areas and similar monuments have been found in considerable numbers in East Germany, Slovakia and Hungary (Andersen 1997: Chapter 5). At the same time, the rapid development of geophysical survey has had dramatic consequences. It has shown that some of the prominent tells that were already recorded were bounded by considerable earthworks. The reason that these discoveries were so surprising is that the enclosures were circular, while the houses of the same date were rectangular. The same situation arises in other regions and periods. What was the significance of curvilinear structures in a right-angled world? Part Three of this book investigates this relationship. The oldest circular enclosures probably originated during the earlier fifth millennium BC. There are some striking contrasts between them.
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Peters, Debra P. C., and William H. Schlesinger. "Future Directions in Jornada Research: Applying an Interactive Landscape Model to Solve Problems." In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0022.
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The long history of research at the Jornada Basin (through the Agricultural Research Service [ARS] since 1912, New Mexico State University in the late 1920s, and joined by the Long-Term Ecological Research [LTER] program in 1981) has provided a wealth of information on the dynamics of arid and semiarid ecosystems. However, gaps in our knowledge still remain. One of the most perplexing issues is the variation in ecosystem dynamics across landscapes. In this concluding chapter to this volume, we propose a new conceptual model of arid and semiarid landscapes that focuses explicitly on the processes and properties that generate spatial variation in ecosystem dynamics. We also describe how our framework leads to future research directions. Many studies have documented variable rates and patterns of shrub invasion at the Jornada as well as at other semiarid and arid regions of the world, including the Western United States, northern Mexico, southern Africa, South America, New Zealand, Australia, and China (York and Dick-Peddie 1969; Grover and Musick 1990; McPherson 1997; Scholes and Archer 1997; see also chapter 10). In some cases, shrub invasion occurred very rapidly: At the Jornada, areas dominated by perennial grasses decreased from 25% to < 7% from 1915 to 1998 with most of this conversion occurring prior to 1950 (Gibbens et al. 2005; Yao et al. 2002a). In other cases, shrub invasion occurred slowly, and sites were very resistant to invasion; for example, perennial grasses still dominate on 12 out of 57 research quadrats originally established in black grama (Bouteloua eropoda) grasslands in the early twentieth century (Yao et al. 2002b). Soil texture, grazing history, and precipitation patterns are insufficient to account for this variation in grass persistence through time (Yao et al. 2002a). It is equally perplexing that although many attempts to remediate these shrublands back to perennial grasses have led to failure, some methods worked well, albeit with long (> 50 year) time lags (Rango et al. 2002; see also chapter 14). Although variations in vegetation dynamics and shrub invasion are the most well known, other lesser known aspects of arid and semiarid systems have been found to be quite variable as well.
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Ein-Dor, Phillip, Michael Myers, and K. S. Raman. "IT Industry Development and the Knowledge Economy." In Advanced Topics in Global Information Management, Volume 5. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-923-6.ch001.
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It is generally accepted that knowledge has become a third major factor of production, in addition to the traditional factors — labor and capital. Information technology production is a significant factor in the knowledge economy both because it is a major enabler of that economy and because it is itself highly knowledge intensive. Many countries around the world are looking for ways to promote the development of the knowledge economy, and information technology industries in particular. An important question is to what extent — and how — small developed countries might succeed in this endeavor. This study suggests a modified and more comprehensive version of the Ein-Dor et al. (1997) model of IT (information technology) industry success in small developed countries. Whereas the earlier model of IT industry success was based solely on the macro-economic theory of Grossman and Helpman (1991), the revised model suggested here incorporates Romer’s (1990) work in New Growth economics. A significant advance over earlier work in this area is the use of both longitudinal and time slice data. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the IT industry in four countries over a five-year period: Finland, Israel, New Zealand and Singapore. It analyses some changes that occurred over the period 1994 through 1998 and thus provides a reasonably comprehensive picture of the factors affecting the production of IT in these small developed countries. Our study reveals that four of the five endogenous variables studied have a close relationship to the development of IT industries in small developed countries. These variables are research and development, technological infrastructure, firm strategies, and capital availability. On the other hand, domestic IT use does not seem to be a major factor in IT industry development. Our analysis thus largely supports the more comprehensive model of IT industry success. These findings should be of interest to both researchers and policy makers seeking to develop the knowledge economy and information technology industries in particular.
Conference papers on the topic "World Year of Slovaks, 1997-1998"
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Balážová, Pavla. "GREEN DESIGN AND EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/42.
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"Buildings represent a sector with huge energy consumption. It is necessary to reduce this consumption, therefore green buildings have become a global trend in recent years. Green Building Councils in various countries, which are members of World Green Building Council global network, develop and administer many of the world’s ratings tools. World Green Building Council was founded in 1998. There are four predominate ranking systems: LED, BREEAM, GREEN STAR and CASBEE. Slovak Green Building Council was established in November 2010. The first green building in the Slovak Republic received LEED certification in 2012. In the paper it is referred to about 17 new and in-use green buildings in Slovakia which received in period 2012-2019 LEED or BREEAM certifications. In fact, there are more green buildings in Slovakia, where there is still the huge potential in applying a green concept in the sector of existing residential buildings and the public buildings sector. There is a lack of legislative and financial support instruments for green buildings in Slovakia, which are under the consideration and do not exist in practice. The BBC 1 Plus – Offices in Bratislava, the first certified green office building in Slovakia, which received in 2012 the second-highest certification – LEED Gold, is described and analysed in details. The necessity of improving the education process in the green design and sustainable architecture of students at Faculties of Civil Engineering and Faculties of Architecture is outlined. The plans for how it is possible to achieve it are presented."
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Van Auken, R. Michael, and J. W. Zellner. "An Assessment of the Effects of Vehicle Weight and Size on Fatality Risk in 1985 to 1998 Model Year Passenger Cars and 1985 to 1997 Model Year Light Trucks and Vans." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1354.
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Waldheim, L., and E. Carpentieri. "Update on the Progress of the Brazilian Wood BIG-GT Demonstration Project." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-472.
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Biomass integrated gasification-gas turbine (BIG-GT) technology offers the opportunity for efficient and environmentally sound power generation from biomass fuels. Since biomass is ‘carbon-neutral’ it can be used in power generation equipment without contributing to the ‘greenhouse effect’ if it is grown sustainably. The Brazilian BIG-GT initiative is one of a number of initiatives world-wide aimed at demonstrating, and thereby establishing, biomass as an energy resource for power production. The goal of the Brazilian BIG-GT project is to confirm the commercial viability of producing electricity from wood through the use of biomass-fuelled integrated gasification combined-cycle (BIG-GT) technology. To fulfil this goal a 32 MWe eucalyptus-fuelled demonstration power plant will be built in Brazil on the basis of a design made by TPS Termiska Processer AB (TPS). The first two phases of the project, which included experimental and engineering studies and the basic engineering of the plant, were completed in 1997. The next phase of the project, the construction and commissioning of the plant, is the recipient of a U.S. $35 million grant from the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), in addition to financing from the World Bank (WB). The plant will be built in Bahia, north-eastern Brazil. The customer of the plant is a consortium, SER - Sistemas de Energia Renovável, comprising of CHESF (Companhia Hidro Elétrica do São Francisco), a federally-owned electricity generation and distribution company, Eletrobras (Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras), a holding company comprising of the main Brazilian companies from the electric generation and distribution sector, and Shell Brasil. Start-up of the plant is scheduled for the year 2000. The plant will be based on a TPS designed atmospheric-pressure gasification/gas cleaning process. The product gas will be fired in a modified GE LM 2500 gas turbine. The gasification and gas cleaning process is based on the use of a circulating fluidised bed gasifier, secondary stage catalytic tar cracker and conventional cold filter and wet scrubbing technology. The feedstock to the plant will be mainly eucalyptus wood from a dedicated plantation which is harvested on a three-year cycle. This paper describes the background of the project leading up to the technology selection, the technology that will be employed in the plant and the outline of the economics of this ‘first-of-a-kind’ plant. The progress made in establishing the organisation and the formal framework (e.g. securing the electricity and fuel contracts) are also reported. Future projections of likely technological improvements and cost reductions, and their effect on the overall economics of an ‘Nth’ plant, are presented.
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Liang, Tao, David M. Cannon, and Larry J. Leifer. "Augmenting a Design Capture and Reuse System Based on Direct Observations of Usage." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dtm-5674.
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Abstract In this paper, we describe recent experimental results from an ongoing design knowledge capture and reuse project. In the past several years, an increasing amount of the design work in the ME210 design course at Stanford, in which teams work for 30 weeks on industrially-sponsored real-world projects, has been captured in electronic format. This design information consists of design notes, drawings, reports, slide presentations, emails, vendor references, and even, in some cases, summaries of phone conversations, meeting minutes, and the like. The large corpus of captured information from the period of 1994 to 1996 was made available to the teams working on projects during the 1996–1997 academic year. A variety of filing and indexing schemes were used to organize the past data and help the teams sift through it. Because the data was all made available over a web server, we were able to collect information on access to it. We have thus had a chance to learn from studying the usage of a large body of captured design knowledge. Results from our analysis suggest that there were significant under-utilization of design work of others: there was only 8% access to past works, vs. 92% to the current year’s; and, there was only 15% access to design project-specific information, vs. 85% on logistic resources information. Important lessons have guided our efforts to improve the effectiveness of that usage based on what we’ve learned. These lessons include: • Informal design information is more useful to a broader audience when it is contextualized. We have put in place a capture system that makes it possible for students to add context to any information that’s been captured, and also specific reward structure, encouraging engineers to store, contextualize, and reuse captured design information. Preliminary observations suggest that this is worth the investment for a project as a whole. • It is important to accommodate a heterogeneous computing environment, both for capture and reuse; to support multiple methods for finding information; and to provide a uniform, well-behaved way of displaying archived documents. • In explaining our observations of varying levels of success in design capture systems, we have identified some patterns of enquiry and retrieval usage that are analogous to the patterns seen in library usage. Thus we identify library science as a valuable source of knowledge that until now has been under used by the design community.