Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Worldwide Markets'

Ship exhausts contain high levels of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and particles dueto the heavy fuel oil, HFO, used for combustion and the combustion characteristics of the engine.As a result of upcoming stricter regulations for shipping pollution, as well as growing attentionto greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and uncertainty of future petroleum oil supply, a shifttowards a cleaner burning fuel is needed.This work explores potential alternative fuels, both conventional and unconventional, and abatementtechnologies, to be used by tankers in the worldwide spot market to comply with upcomingenvironmental regulations in the near and coming future. As a reference the product tanker M/TGotland Marieann is used and recommendations for which fuel that shall be used by the referenceship in 2015 and 2020 are presented.The environmental assessment and evaluation of the fuels are done from a life cycle perspective usingresults from Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, studies.This study illustrates that, of the various alternatives, methanol appears to be the best candidatefor long-term, widespread replacement of petroleum-based fuels within tanker shipping. It does notemit any sulphur oxides nor particles and the nitrogen oxides are shown to be lower than those ofmarine gas oil, MGO. The global warming potential of the natural gas produced methanol is notlower than that of MGO, but when gradually switching to bio-methanol the greenhouse gas emissionsare decreasing and with methanol the vision of a carbon free society can be reached.For 2015 a switch towards methanol is not seen as realistic. Further research and establishment ofregulations and distribution systems are needed, however there are indications that a shift will bepossible sometime between 2015 and 2020. For 2015 a shift towards MGO is suggested as it involveslow investment costs and there is no need for infrastructure changes. As MGO is more expensivethan methanol, a shift is preferable as soon as the market, technology and infrastructure are ready.

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>This work has the main objective to provide the proper approach to the Portuguese brand Gallo to introduce olive oil in China, tackling Shanghai has point of entry, but also targeting in very short-term two other main cities, Beijing and Guangzhou. Although Gallo very recently established a team in Shanghai, due to confidentiality reasons, it was only provided the information that they are working on a way to introduce the product in China, as it is developed in this study. A deep study of the Chinese market was conducted in order to assess the viability of introducing olive oil, providing a combination of trends and proving that there is a clear possibility of doing so. Hence, it is delivered a prospective analysis of what the company should do and focus on to successfully approach a non-traditional olive oil market. It includes a Porter’s five forces and SWOT analyses for Shanghai’s region, as well as information about the current stage of International and Chinese olive oil markets. It is also offered a marketing plan with different promotion strategies to be conducted in order to fight the two major problems found in the country, product and brand awareness. According to the information gathered, the recommended appropriate mode of entry is exporting through a local distribution partner, including main advantages and disadvantages. Concluding, three different implementation strategies are suggested for the brand to survive and prosper in China, with the main objective of forcing Chinese population’s familiarity and involvement with the product. Please take into consideration that in order to have a deeper understanding and appraisal of the work project as a whole, it is essential to check all the exhibits as they are highly linked throughout all the study conducted.

Member States' rules on the taxation of the foreign business income of companies, whether they are based on the fiscal principle of territoriality or on the principle of worldwide taxation, raise complex issues of compatibility with the law of the European Union. Areas of conflict include particularly the taxation of foreign profits, the deduction of foreign losses, the elimination of international double taxation, and the attribution of profits to permanent establishments. The dissertation analyses these conflicts on the basis of a study of the case law of the European Court of Justice. Although this analysis provides some guidance for the taxation of companies when they carry out business activities throughout the European Union, it is concluded that the Court cannot, by itself: solve the conflict between the taxation of business income in a cross-border context and the objective of achievement of the internal market.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sidney Morbidelli.pdf: 1637609 bytes, checksum: c381df8fae00912b070d6d92ff034169 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-08<br>The theme of this thesis involves the analysis of international commerce since its creation and its commercial relationship in the worldwide market, after the emergence of a new universal order promoted by nations that are integrated in economic blocks. The globalization generated the interdependence among countries, forcing them to promote strategies and politics of economic development to assure the attractiveness of external investments and to extend the participation of their territories in worldwide markets. The Anti-Trust and Anti-Dumping rules that in the beginning were scattered and applied only to the internal affairs of the states, started to be systematized also in the universal scenery along the formation of GATT and OMC. With the action of this organization, there was a significant increase of protective measures to the international market pertaining to free competition in search of preservation and the access to the worldwide market. Nevertheless, the OMC have not been able to halt the trust and dumping practice regularly perpetrated by the countries. Its measures are insufficient to prevent satisfactorily in the acts of restriction to free competition and domination in the global market. In 1993, an International Anti-Trust code was created aiming to offer juridical security to the economic agents and their commercial relationship, to assure the free access to the market. The code s objective was to supplement the GATT deficiency in the absence of a universal legislation to competition regarding the question of industrial estate in the extraterritorial space in the states. The legislation was not approved, but the initiative represented a milestone in the harmonization and uniformity of the international right to competition and the legislation was embraced worldwide. Considering this perspective, the current thesis goal is to point out the need for a new international legislation of competition in order to halt the restrictive practices of commerce and the effects of concentration of markets arising with the new global economic order. Thus, it is proposed, the creation by OMC, of an anti-trust international code patterned after the code used by the European Union, which established a centralized authority to defend competition from the limiting present time practices. The code will be binding, defining universal standards and requiring mandatory enforcement by the signatory states of OMC. For the enforcement of the international rules of competition, it is suggested the formation of an international tribunal, again, patterned after the European community. Such tribunal was structured as a supranational organization, whose juridical laws are legally binding and applicable to all member countries, through the primacy of community laws concerning national rights. The international tribunal of competition will be directed by the OMC, which is the indicated forum to the treatment of worldwide competition and it will oversee the application and execution of the tribunal rules of the anti-trust international code<br>A temática desta tese envolve a análise do comércio internacional, desde a sua criação, e das relações comerciais no mercado mundial, após o surgimento de uma nova ordem universal protagonizada por nações que se integraram em blocos econômicos. A globalização gerou a interdependência entre os países, obrigando-os a promover estratégias e políticas de desenvolvimento econômico para garantir a atratividade dos investimentos externos e ampliar a participação de seus territórios na economia mundial. As regras antitruste e antidumping, que a princípio eram dispersas e voltadas apenas para o ambiente interno dos Estados, começaram a ser sistematizadas também no cenário universal, com a fundação do GATT e da OMC. Com a atuação desta organização, houve um aumento significativo das medidas de proteção ao comércio internacional no âmbito da livre concorrência, em busca da preservação e do acesso ao mercado mundial. Contudo, a OMC não tem sido capaz de coibir as práticas de truste e dumping, regularmente perpetradas pelos países. Suas medidas são insuficientes para interferir, satisfatoriamente, nos atos de restrição à livre concorrência no comércio global e à dominação do mercado. Em 1993, foi criado um Código Internacional Antitruste visando oferecer segurança jurídica aos agentes econômicos e às relações comerciais e assegurar o livre acesso aos mercados. O objetivo do Código era suprir as deficiências do GATT, no tocante à inexistência de uma legislação universal da concorrência, ao tratar as questões que envolviam o direito de propriedade industrial, no espaço extraterritorial dos Estados. A legislação não foi aprovada, mas a iniciativa representou um marco à harmonização e uniformização do direito internacional da concorrência, tornando-se uma bandeira defendida mundialmente. Considerando esta perspectiva, a presente tese tem por objetivo demonstrar a necessidade de se criar uma legislação internacional da concorrência, a fim de coibir as práticas restritivas ao comércio e os efeitos do fenômeno concentracionista dos mercados, surgidos com a nova ordem econômica global. Propõe-se, assim, a instituição, pela OMC, de um Código Internacional Antitruste, conforme modelo utilizado pela União Européia, que estabeleceu uma autoridade centralizada de defesa da concorrência, visando proteger os seus mercados da influência de práticas limitadoras ao livre comércio. O referido Código será vinculante, fixando normas universais harmonizadas e obrigatórias aos Estados signatários da OMC. Para a aplicabilidade das regras internacionais da concorrência, sugere-se a formação de um tribunal internacional, segundo o exemplo da Comunidade Européia. Esta foi estruturada como uma organização supranacional, cujo ordenamento jurídico é vinculativo e aplicável a todos os Países-membros, mediante o primado do Direito Comunitário sobre os direitos nacionais. O Tribunal Internacional da Concorrência será atrelado à OMC que é o foro mais indicado para o tratamento da concorrência mundial e cuidará da aplicação e execução das normas determinadas no Código Internacional Antitruste

碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>國際事務研究所碩士班<br>97<br>Investing in the mutual funds has become a popular means of managing personal finance. In the meantime, the trend to invest in mutual funds for pension managers in recent years is also becoming a hot focus for research and evaluation. Obviously, it is absolutely important to ensure the profitability of large amount of money invested in mutual funds while minimize investment risk in the same time. Therefore the aim of thus study is to introduce the use of a standard operating mode. This means, this study will examine a unique and standardized method applicable to mutual fund managers worldwide. This study applies the WINDEX and its corresponding to ends as the tools to reveal those signal information as when to enter and exit from the markets. Fifteen high quality mutual funds with Morning Star rating of five are selected for investment simulation, and all simulation outcomes will be compared with the simple strategy of buy-and-hold. In general, the empirical result from this study can be shown to be for superior over the buy-and-hold strategy. Further more, movement into diversification strategies can not improve the investment performance on average. This may be due to the diversification effect already existed within each individual mutual fund in the sample.

碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>財務金融系碩士班<br>100<br>The main object of research for the dynamic correlations among test contagion effect of the crisis on America, North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania REITs market under financial tsunami by using correlation coefficients and GJR-GARCH model. The sample period of this research is from September 14, 2007 to March 14, 2009. The empirical results show that the after financial tsunami the correlation coefficient between the American and worldwide REITs co-movement markedly increased. In addition, worldwide REITs were caused more obvious asymmetric volatility in some countries. The co-movement and volatility spillover collected show that the Canada, Germany, Japan and Australia have short-term contagion effects and Taiwan and Hong Kong have long-term contagion effects. The results show with the financial tsunami and crisis occurring the commercial trade between neighboring countries of contagion influence and partner countries more severe with American.

碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>國際企業學系碩士在職專班<br>96<br>In 1952, Harry Markowitze published the Portfolio Theory, proving that an investment portfolio with different underlying assets helps to disperse the investment risk of individual underlying assets. Since then, many scholars have further extended Markowitz’s Portfolio Theory and applied it to the study of international investment portfolios. With the gradual globalization and liberalization of the international financial market, the development of internet technology and the increasingly speedy information exchange, international investments and cross-country enterprises are also growing day by day. Due to the booming international investment activities, the correlation between international financial markets has increased significantly. In our study, we made empirical research and analysis on the correlation among the six stock markets in Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, the United Kingdom and the USA. The correlations between the stock markets were computed as a basis to analyze the interrelationship among the investment return, investment risk and investment performance. The Sharpe Ratio is applied to assess the portfolio with dispersed risk. The study covers a total of 5,738 stock indices during the period of January 1st, 1986 to December 31st, 2007, for a total of 22 years. The data frequency is on a daily basis. The results of our study show that, for stock markets of developed countries like the USA and the UK, and developing countries like Taiwan, the correlation remains low among one another over the long period. The investment portfolio established on this basis, therefore, can better satisfy the investor’s demand for high investment performance and low investment risk. We wish this finding would serve as a reference for investors in Taiwan. When planning for an international investment portfolio, they may consider selecting the stock markets of countries with low correlation as part of their investment strategies.

The study deals with the relatively unexplored area of the evolution of HQ-subsidiary relations in emerging market Multinational Corporations (MNCs). The study uses a framework proposed by Harzing, Sourge and Paauwe (2001) to study the evolution of four components of the relationship over a ten year period, namely: control mechanisms, expatriate assignments, level of interdependence and degree of local responsiveness. The paper also assesses the impact of two additional factors on the relationship, namely subsidiary evolution and the country-of-origin effect. The study analyses the case of a South African MNC, UTi Worldwide Inc. (“UTi”) a leader in the global network of freight forwarding and contract logistics and distribution services. Seven propositions are tested by means of the case study method to analyse the factors that contribute to the said evolution in the MNC. The study found that there was indeed an evolution in most aspects of the MNC’s HQsubsidiary relationship over that last ten years. In addition, the subsidiary themselves had evolved and the nature of the country-of-origin effect had significantly changed over the same period. This evolution process was influenced by a number of factors specific to and circumstances unique to the MNC.<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>unrestricted

What are the common characteristics of successful entrepreneurial ecosystems worldwide that Lisbon can use on its benefit in the process of building its own? Aiming to help answering that question, this Master Thesis analyses qualified examples globally of cities that have built a healthy startup ecosystem, together with incipient not so mature cases, while drawing parallels with the newly created one in Lisbon. The methodology used was to compare examples from different continents – South America (São Paulo, Brazil), Africa (Lagos, Nigeria), Middle East (Tel Aviv, Israel) and North America (Boston, United States) -, to identify uniqueness among them that can either be used in Lisbon’s favour, or ultimately be marketed as one of the city’s competitive advantages for the goal of attracting (and retaining) awareness, funding and talents. The approach combined a specific description of the ecosystems selected and a general quantitative model. Jointly with the descriptive analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems mentioned and a final section highlighting the takeaways from each one of them, an own model was created to identify those common elements that helped these ecosystems to succeed. Based on an organogram from Stam (2015) the key elements were divided into "System Conditions": Networks, Leadership, Finance, Talent, Knowledge and Support services/Intermediaries, and "Framework Conditions": Formal Institutions, Culture, Physical infrastructure and Demand. Those ten elements were quantified using a proxy from a similar category chosen from a list of 101 of published indexes by Global Innovation Index 2018. A factor analysis was then conducted. What is evidenced is that every ecosystem is unique and has been built under a singular set of conditions and own characteristics. Hence, Lisbon has its own strengthens, such as good weather, great infrastructure and a prosperous business environment to boost its entrepreneurial movement. That specific picture is also enriched by the factor analysis’ outcome, which is that “Framework Conditions” are the key ones from the ten considered, notably Formal Institutions, Culture and Physical Infrastructure, as well as Knowledge as a “System Condition”. That takeaway plays certainly in Lisbon’s favour as the country is highly rated in all those factors. An entrepreneurial ecosystem’s success can be therefore interpreted as being positively correlated with a country’s development, past productivity, quality of life and a possible consequence of great implemented public policies. Moreover, a well-established entrepreneurial movement ultimately brings a real-life benefit for the population, as well as a pull force in organizational behaviour. It comes with a positive impact across the whole economy, making it also beneficial for the continuance of a good quality of life, development and improvement of future productivity. Thus, the needed basis for the creation is as well improved by its further development. It becomes, as vastly said, a positive snowball effect.

In an internationalisation strategy, the demarcation of segments, target(s)and positioning is critical to the success of any given project. This paper employs the fitting theoretical frameworks to the challenge of turning Sumol into a worldwide brand to the French consumer, drawing out of it a feasible, relevant, and differentiated marketing strategy, that aims to captivate and prompt the consumer to action, ensuring, nonetheless, that the essence of the brand is respected and preserved.

Sumol, operating in the soft drink industry, aims for successfully entering the French market. To be able to sustain in the competitive market, Sumol, as a product and as a brand, must appeal to the French consumers. Primary research identified that the French target is not able to relate to the brand, which requires Sumol to align its brand values. This paper highlights the importance of a strong brand identity and brand elements. Furthermore, these concepts are applied to Sumol’s new positioning in France.

Sumol’s launch in France aims at increasing sales to the French consumer by positioning the brand as an encourager of dialogue and tolerance among young adults. To promote trial and recommendation, the campaign takes advantage of advertising, promotions, event sponsorship and public relations, investing mainly in online media.

碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)<br>106<br>This thesis aimed at looking at the current state of exports of Chinese movies as well as at the other ways for the Chinese film industry to conquer international markets. Chinese films are not an easy product to export, and up to now, only a very small number have been successful. They are complicated to sell abroad because, like most artistic products, they face cultural and economic barriers, but most importantly, it is a matter of quality. The Chinese industry is currently not capable of producing high-quality movies that could attract international audiences. Aware of this weakness, the key players in the industry have turned to other ways to learn how to dominate the global market, primarily by working with their Hollywood counterparts. Several strategies have been set up: movie co-production, in which Chinese staff get to work with foreign ones; investments in production studios; or even a complete acquisition of established foreign film companies. There is also a strong political motivation behind the issue of selling Chinese movies abroad: China’s clear intentions of broadcasting Chinese culture to increase their soft power and influence abroad require Chinese movies to be able to reach non-domestic audiences.

Sumol’s current challenge is to strengthen its position in the French market. The brand is distributedvia ethnical retailers, serving mostly the Portuguese community in France. Yet to reach the goal of becoming a world-wide brand for the local consumer in the French market, Sumol needs to adapt its positioning, business model, marketing mix and communications plan according to the specific needs and preferences of the French target. Hence, the paper presents a solution and its financial impact, based on findings from secondary and primary research.

Product and price present important elements of the marketing mix and require careful management. This paper provides a theoretical deep dive into the two marketing mix elements, including the discussion of several theories relevant to the case at hand. Moreover, the literature will be applied to Sumol and will help to solve the overall management problem of “how to turn Sumol into a worldwide brand for the local consumer in the French market”.

CEMS<br>Private labels have changed the landscape of the retail industry, either in terms of customers’ preferences, retailers’ business models, manufacturers, and their relationships. Europe has been considered a successful market regarding the penetration of store brands, which questions whether Daymon Worldwide, whose core business is the strategic development and branding of private labels, is able to add value to this continent. In this paper, the in-store environment of Portuguese and Spanish retailers is analyzed, as well as execution and customer engagement services being offered in the market, to develop six go-to-market strategies that two business units (SAS and Interaction) could include in their portfolio as a first step for Daymon to prove its competencies and penetrate Europe.