Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Worms – Anatomy'

Excerpt: The conclusion statements by Coker-Bolt, P., Jarrad, C., Woodard, F., & Merrill, P. (2012). The effects of oral motor stimulation on feeding behaviors of infants born with univentricle anatomy. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(1), 64–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2012.03.024 were interesting, but the support for the conclusions was absent because of a number of shortcomings. The first shortcoming is that the effect of oral motor stimulation on gastric tube use, ENT abnormalities, or barium swallowing test was weak or absent. The second shortcoming was the shorter hospital stays of the infants in the study could be explained by other factors. These weaknesses would prevent the immediate adoption of those conclusions in health care as of now.

<p> This dissertation sheds light on two important aspects of Arabic morphology: the status and representation of roots and that of templates (or word patterns). The main purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the role of these controversial word constituents in the representation and processing of the non-linear morphological structure of words in two varieties of Arabic: Emirati Arabic (EA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). </p><p> Chapter 2 presents a linguistic investigation of the verbal morphological system of EA, with some focus on how it compares to the MSA system and in light of the main claims made by Doron (2003) in her account of Hebrew verbal templates. In this chapter, I provide arguments for separating the verbal root from templates and affixes in the analysis of Arabic and, by extension, Semitic morphology. Specifically, I argue that verbal meaning is a combination of at least two syntactic heads: Voice and little v, and a lexical head: the consonantal root. I further show that the interaction of the semantics and argument structure of the root with little v and Voice within a unified syntactic structure captures the regularities as well as the exceptions in the interpretation of the verb forms of EA. </p><p> Chapter 3 presents experiments using the subliminal speech priming technique, as developed by Kouider and Dupoux (2005) and used by Schluter (2013), and magnetoencephalography (MEG), as applied to auditory morphological processing (Ettinger, Linzen, &amp; Marantz, 2013). Both these techniques are relatively new and are applied to EA for the first time. The subliminal speech priming technique has the advantage of tapping into the earliest stages of auditory word recognition, allowing an investigation of the relevance of the consonantal root in the processing of the EA verbal forms. The results of this study suggest that the discontinuous consonantal root in EA is an independent lexical unit, a finding consistent with root-based models of Semitic morphology. The results also point to the effectiveness of the subliminal speech priming technique as a promising way to explore unwritten dialects of Arabic such as Emirati Arabic. </p><p> In Chapter 4, I exploited a standard visual lexical decision task with concurrent MEG recordings to explore the neural correlates of morphological decomposition in MSA by examining the early stages of visual word recognition in this language. The results obtained show that words in MSA go through the same stages of word recognition, beginning with extraction of the consonantal root, in a manner completely parallel to the decomposition of words into stems and affixes in concatenative languages like English, arguing for the obligatory decomposition model of word recognition in Arabic non-linear morphology. The results of this study also hold significant implications for the long-lasting debate surrounding the status of the consonantal roots in Arabic and morphological theory in general. </p><p> The behavioural and MEG studies reported in this dissertation support the hypothesis that morphological decomposition in language processing is the same across non-linear and affixal languages, ratifying the linguistic analysis of non-concatenative morphology as essentially affixal. Additionally, the general results of this dissertation adds new and original support for the claims that the Arabic consonantal root is an essential cognitive unit in representations and processing.</p>

Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 352-374).<br>This thesis critically explores the concept of the Public Works Programme (PWP) and interrogates the social protection performance of public works programmes (PWPs) in the context of chronic poverty, with a particular focus on the fundamental questions of programme incidence and impact. It reviews PWPs from both theoretical and empirical perspectives, using original qualitative and quantitative data drawn from a range of sources, including extensive field analysis and evaluations of PWPs in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa, interviews with the major multilaterals implementing PWPs and original survey work, designed, implemented and analysed by the author in South Africa to address the empirical issues arising from the current literature regarding PWP incidence and impact, as well as a literature review of over 200 PWPs implemented in east and southern Africa, detailed case studies of six international PWPs, and a review of both the social protection and public works literature.