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1
Wolski, Paweł. "Rekonstruowanie żydowskiego miasta. Nils Roemer: German City, Jewish Memory. The Story of Worms. Waltham, Brandeis University Press, 2010, pp. 316. Michael Meng: Shattered Spaces. Encountering Jewish Ruins in Postwar Germany and Poland." Narracje o Zagładzie, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2015.01.27.
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Reconstructing a Jewish town. Nils Roemer: German City, Jewish Memory. The Story of Worms. Waltham, Brandeis University Press, 2010, pp. 316. Michael Meng: Shattered Spaces. Encountering Jewish Ruins in Postwar Germany and Poland. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2011, pp. 351.
The text briefly compares two books: Nils Roemer’s German City, Jewish Memory. The Story of Worms and Michael Meng’s Shattered Spaces. Encountering Jewish Ruins in Postwar Germany and Poland. Both represent fascinating approaches to the process of the reconstruction of the Jewish identity as an important part of the European urban culture destroyed during WWII. By discussing these issues on the examples of Worms (Roemer) and Warsaw, Wrocław, Potsdam, Berlin (Meng) both, albeit in different ways, restore the Jewish identity of these cities not only by approaching the history of historical or architectural landmarks, but also by discussing some less material, discoursive memory markers such as mythology, tourism, politics etc.
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Pelke, Eberhard. "The Refurbishing of the Nibelungen Bridge Worms, Germany." IABSE Symposium Report 97, no. 27 (January 1, 2010): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137810796024754.
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Friedrichs, Christopher R. "Anti-Jewish Politics in Early Modern Germany: The Uprising in Worms, 1613–17." Central European History 23, no. 2-3 (June 1990): 91–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900021324.
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On Easter Monday, 1615—the seventh day of Passover in 5375 by the Jewish calender — the entire Jewish community of the German city of Worms was sent into exile. But the banishment of the Jews, which followed almost two years of anti-Jewish agitation by the citizens of Worms, was far from permanent.Eight months later, by order of commissioners appointed by the Holy Roman Emperor, the Jews of Worms were permitted to return. They remained in the city for another three centuries, until the final eradication of the Jewish community of Worms in 1942.
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SURES, B., and B. STREIT. "Eel parasite diversity and intermediate host abundance in the River Rhine, Germany." Parasitology 123, no. 2 (July 31, 2001): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001008356.
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European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from 2 sampling sites on the Rhine river (near Karlsruhe and near Worms) were investigated with respect to their parasite communities. Nine different metazoan species were found to live in and on the eels. The highest number of species was recorded from the intestine, which contained up to 6 different helminths. Among these, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent worms with the eel-specific parasite Paratenuisentis ambiguus as the dominant species of the intestinal component communities at both sites. Comparing the intestinal parasites from eels caught near Karlsruhe with those from Worms, the acanthocephalans showed a significantly lower abundance at Worms. A significantly lower mean number of intestinal helminth species as well as a significantly lower Brillouin's Index was found at Worms compared with Karlsruhe. This difference could be related to the abundance of the respective intermediate crustacean hosts. At the sampling site Worms the amphipod Corophium curvispinum was the dominant crustacean. Additionally, only the isopod Jaera istri and the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus were found. All these crustacean species have only recently colonized the Rhine river system via the Main-Danube canal, built in the early 1990s. They are not known to act as intermediate hosts for any of the acanthocephalans found in the eels. The site near Karlsruhe exhibited a higher crustacean diversity, including Asellus aquaticus and different species of the genus Gammarus, which are all known intermediate hosts for the acanthocephalans found. Therefore, changes of eel parasite diversity can be correlated with the appearance of invading crustacean species (neozoans).
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Roos, Julia. "An Afro-German Microhistory: Gender, Religion, and the Challenges of Diasporic Dwelling." Central European History 49, no. 2 (June 2016): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000340.
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AbstractThis article traces the biography of an Afro-German woman born during the 1920s Rhineland occupation to examine the peculiarities of the black German diaspora, as well as potential connections between these peculiarities and larger trends in the history of German colonialism and racism. “Erika Diekmann” was born in Worms in 1920. Her mother was a German citizen, her father a Senegalese French soldier. Separated from her birth mother at a young age, Erika spent her youth and early adulthood in a school for Christian Arab girls in Jerusalem run by the Protestant order of the Kaiserswerth Deaconesses (KaiserswertherDiakonissen). After World War II, Erika returned to West Germany, but in 1957, she emigrated to the United States, along with her (white) German husband and four children. Erika's story offers unique opportunities for studying Afro-German women's active strategies of making Germany their “home.” It underlines the complicated role of conventional female gender prescriptions in processes of interracial family-building. The centrality of religion to Erika's social relationships significantly enhances our understanding of the complexity of German attitudes toward national belonging and race during the first half of the twentieth century.
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Aleksandrova, Olga V. "Forensic Psychological Examination of Reliability of Testimony in Cases of Sexual Abuse of Minors in Germany." Victimology 10, no. 3 (July 13, 2023): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2411-0590-2023-10-3-385-395.
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In Germany in the 90s took place a number of sexual abuse trials with minor victims, which caused a wide public outcry and a discussion about methods for assessing credibility of testimony . The result of the analysis of the errors admitted in these trials were some measures aimed at improving the quality of forensic psychological examination of testimony . In 1999 the Federal Supreme Court of the Federal Republic of Germany adopted the decision No . BGH 1 Str 618/98, in which it formulated the basic requirements for this kind of forensic psychological examination and recognized Statement Validity Assessment (SVA) as its only methodical basis . SVA remains also today the only approach to assessment of credibility of testimony recognized by courts and psychological experts in Germany . The article discusses the Worms, Montessori and Nordhorn cases, their potential causes and the place of SVA in assessing reliability of testimony . Investigative authorities and courts in Russia also have to assess reliability of testimony given by minor victims of sexual abuse, so the study of German experience of forensic psychological examination of reliability of testimony including the bad one of cases in the 90s is of practical interest
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Djoko, Riyanto, and Presti Ameliawaty. "PEMANFATAN CAMPURAN PANGKASAN TUMBUHAN IN SITU DANKOTORAN TERNAK ULAT JERMAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG." BUANA SAINS 17, no. 2 (January 4, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/bs.v17i2.817.
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Field trial designed by a randomized block design factorial, three replication. The first factor is plant prunings 3 kinds of material mixed with cattle dung manure worms Germany and the second factor treatment fertilizer composition comprising a mixture of three kinds consists of: Tithoniadiversifolia, Cromolaenaodorata and Gliricidiasepium. Fertilizer composition comprising a mixture of: 90% of plants + 10% manure, 80% growth + 20% manure and 70% growth + 30% manure. Of the two factors obtained 9 treatment combinations. The observationdone for variable of : root dry weight, stem dry weight, dry weight of cob and dry seed weight per ear at harvest. Statistical analysis of the parameters of the observations were made using a variety of tests (test F) Random Block Factorial and continued with Duncan test level of 5%. Results of the experiments showed that: a). The use of a mixture of crop plants in situ with caterpillar droppings German influence on stem dry weight, root dry weight, dry weight and the weight of dry seed cob corn crop. b). The highest weight of dry seed treatment derived from the addition of a mixture of crop Gliricidia sp. 70% with caterpillar droppings Germany 30% (165 grams), while the lowest of the crop mix treatment Titonia sp. 90% with caterpillar droppings Germany 10% (112.3 g).
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Loos-Frank, Brigitte. "Shedding of gravid proglottids and destrobilation in experimental infections of foxes with Mesocestoides leptothylacus Loos-Frank, 1980 (Cestoda)." Journal of Helminthology 61, no. 3 (September 1987): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00010038.
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ABSTRACTThe implications of the confused taxonomy of the genus Mesocestoides and the misuse of the name M. lineatus are described. In Southwest Germany rodents are intermediate hosts and red foxes are definitive hosts of M. leptothylacus. The shedding patterns of experimentally infected foxes showed that destrobilation occurs frequently and that there are long periods during which no gravid proglottids are shed at all. Lengths of worms can be taken as a measure of a possible crowding effect only when worms with gravid segments are present, i.e. at the end of the prepatent period (11 to 13 days) or at the beginning of a shedding period.
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FERRERO, MARIO RODRİGUEZ, DENNIS RÖSER, HENRIK VEDEL NIELSEN, ANNETTE OLSEN, and PETER NEJSUM. "Genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA among Enterobius vermicularis in Denmark." Parasitology 140, no. 1 (August 20, 2012): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012001308.
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SUMMARYDespite being the most prevalent nematode infections of man in Western Europe and North America, our knowledge of the genetic variability in Enterobius vermicularis is fragmented. We here report on a genetic study of pinworms in Denmark, performed using the cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene, with DNA extracted from individual eggs collected from clinical (human) samples. We collected cellophane-tape-test samples positive for pinworm eggs from 14 Departments of Clinical Microbiology in Denmark and surface-sterilized the eggs using a 1% hypochlorite solution before performing conventional PCR. Twenty-two haplotypes were identified from a total of 58 Danish patients. Cluster analysis showed that all Danish worms grouped together with human samples from Germany and Greece and with samples from Japanese chimpanzees designated as ‘type B’. Analysis of molecular variance showed no significant difference or trends in geographical distribution of the pinworms in Denmark, and several haplotypes were identical or closely related to samples collected in Germany, Greece and Japan. However, worms from the 4 countries were found to belong to different populations, with Fst values in the range of 0·16 to 0·47. This study shows pinworms in Denmark to be a homogenous population, when analysed using the cox1 mitochondrial gene.
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Baumgarten, Elisheva. "Ask the Midwives: A Hebrew Manual on Midwifery from Medieval Germany†." Social History of Medicine 32, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 712–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz024.
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Summary This article focuses on a chapter in a manual on circumcision written in Worms in the thirteenth century by Jacob and Gershom haGozrim (the circumcisers). The third chapter of the manual contains medical instruction on how to attend to women in labour and other gynaecological conditions. Whereas the first two chapters of the manual were published in the late nineteenth century, the midwifery chapter has only been recently examined. This article is comprised of a translation of the midwifery text(s) along with an introduction to the text and the community practices it reflects. It outlines the cooperation between medical practitioners, male and female, Jewish and Christian, and discusses the medical remedies recommended and some practices current in thirteenth-century Germany.
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Oguz, Bekir. "Genetic Characterization of Toxocara vitilorum in Turkey by Mitochondrial Gene Markers (cox1)." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.83063.
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Background: Toxocara vitulorum is a involved in the Ascaridoidea family and is a large roundworm with a semi translucent, soft body surface and pinkish color. Female worms measure 8-30cm in length, male worms 6-25cm. The major hosts of T.vitulorum are buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos species) in the humid tropics of Asia, Africa and South America. The diagnosis of T. vitulorum infections is usually made by observing characteristic eggs in routine fecal examination. Serological methods are also used to diagnose Toxocariasis. However, in recent years, PCR, a new generation molecular diagnostic method, has been used. The genetic structure of T. vitulorum is little known compared with data available from other parasites. The present sutudy was designed to determine the T. vitulorum isolates by the genetic characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene.Materials, Methods & Results: Adult worms were collected from the feces of two calves (East Anatolian Red) during visits to the clinic at the Department of Internal Medicine of Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Worms were washed thoroughly in 0.85 % saline to remove any debris and fixed into 70 % ethanol. After repeated and thoroughly washing the specimens, total genomic DNA of parasite extraction was performed be employing DNA extraction reagent kit (Thermo, GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit) according to manufacturer’s recommendations. After DNA amplification, a 446 bp fragment of cox1 of T. vitulorum were obtained in all three isolates. All generated sequences were registered in GenBank database with accession numbers including MG905159, MG911729 and MG911730. The cox1 of T. vitulorum examined differed from another two isolates extracted from Germany beef cattle (KY313642.1) and Sri Lanka buffalo calf (FJ664617.1) at NCBI database. The MEGA 7 software was employed to calculate intra-species distance and similarity. The intra-species distance rate and similarity among the isolates were 0.005 and 99.995%, respectively. The cox 1 sequence of T. vitulorum did not differ from an isolate from Germany, but differed more from isolate from Sri Lanka. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method. Bootstrap support (Bp) for ML trees was calculating 1000 bootstrap replicates. This results indicate that both the different species of Toxocara are host-specific and each member of the genus Toxocara spp. has a different about the molecular sequences. We used the phylogenies from the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method to construct another phylogenetic tree based on the cox1 (mtDNA) gene. The results again display that the cattle-calves (East Anatolian Red) isolates from Turkey homology with that obtained from the Germany beef cattle (accession no. KY313642.1).Discussion: The genetic analysis of parasites is a crucial factor in terms of determining epidemiology and the control parasitic diseases of humans and animals. Toxocara vitulorum is the most common gastrointestinal helmints infecting ruminants particularly in tropical regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that T. vitulorum is 100% homology with related to sequence of T. vitulorum from Germany. The characterization of cox1 region can provides a foundation for accurate identification of some helminth species using PCR. Even though the small sample size, the obtained results might provide useful information for further phylogenetic studies on the family Ascaridae.
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SILVA, Suelene Vaz da, and Francisco José Quaresma de FIGUEIREDO. "Teletandem language learning in a technological context of education: interactions between Brazilian and German students." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 31, no. 3 (December 2015): 729–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-445068781234723614.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents data from a computer-mediated communication study conducted between a group of Brazilian university students - from Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Goiás, Campus Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil - who wanted to learn English, and a group of German university students - from the University of Worms, in Germany - who wanted to learn Portuguese. The cross-cultural bilingual communication was conducted in the second semester of 2010 and involved discussions on environmental issues. Adopting a qualitative perspective in the analysis, the data were derived from conversation sessions through a webconferencing software known as Openmeetings and through e-mails and some written activities developed by the students. All these were analyzed by means of sociocultural theory. Among the conclusions we reached, we observed that the participants used the software features to help them in their language learning process, discussed issues related to environmental science, as well as topics related to their personal and academic life. Regarding the languages used, the participants used English during the teletandem sessions as an anchoring language to assist their partners in learning English itself and Portuguese, as well as introduced the German language in the interaction sessions.
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Pietrock, M., R. Krüger, and T. Meinelt. "Ecology of Proteocephalus torulosus in the blue bream (Abramis ballerus) from the Oder River on the borders of Germany and Poland." Journal of Helminthology 72, no. 3 (September 1998): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00016497.
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AbstractDuring studies on the ecology of fish helminths, the tapeworm Proteocephalus torulosus (Batsch, 1786) was frequently found in the intestine of the blue bream (Abramis ballerus) from the Oder River (Germany/Poland). In total, 633 fish, ranging between two and 16 years old, were sampled at monthly intervals over a two year period during 1993–1995. Statistically significant differences in the seasonal occurrence of the parasite in its fish host were observed. In 1993, the prevalence remained at a high level, ranging between 61.9 and 100%. During the summer of 1994, this value decreased to 5.5% and remained low for the rest of the year. The pattern of mean intensity of infection was similar to that of the prevalence. In 1993, the mean intensity varied between 8.4 and 31.8 worms per infected fish, with a continual loss of worms being observed in the summer of 1994. Changes in the amount of suspended particulate matter in water have been identified as the main cause of these observed differences in the course of infection of blue bream.
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Monge-Nájera, Julián. "Onychophorology, the study of velvet worms, historical trends, landmarks, and researchers from 1826 to 2020 (a literature review)." Uniciencia 35, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.13.
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Velvet worms, also known as peripatus or onychophorans, are a phylum of evolutionary importance that has survived all mass extinctions since the Cambrian period. They capture prey with an adhesive net that is formed in a fraction of a second. The first naturalist to formally describe them was Lansdown Guilding (1797-1831), a British priest from the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. His life is as little known as the history of the field he initiated, Onychophorology. This is the first general history of Onychophorology, which has been divided into half-century periods. The beginning, 1826-1879, was characterized by studies from former students of famous naturalists like Cuvier and von Baer. This generation included Milne-Edwards and Blanchard, and studies were done mostly in France, Britain, and Germany. In the 1880-1929 period, research was concentrated on anatomy, behavior, biogeography, and ecology; and it is in this period when Bouvier published his mammoth monograph. The next half-century, 1930-1979, was important for the discovery of Cambrian species; Vachon’s explanation of how ancient distribution defined the existence of two families; DNA and electron microscopy from Brazil; and primitive attempts at systematics using embryology or isolated anatomical characteristics. Finally, the 1980-2020 period, with research centered in Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, and Germany, is marked by an evolutionary approach: from body and behavior to geographic distribution; the discovery of how they form their adhesive net; the reconstruction of Cambrian onychophoran communities, the first experimental taphonomy; the first country-wide map of conservation status (in Costa Rica); the first model of why they survive in cities; the discovery of new phenomena like food hiding, parental feeding investment, and ontogenetic diet shift; and the birth of a new research branch, onychophoran ethnobiology. While a few names often appear in the literature, most knowledge was produced by a mass of researchers who entered the field only briefly.
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SCHMIDT-RHAESA, ANDREAS. "Considerations on the genus Gordius (Nematomorpha, horsehair worms), with the description of seven new species." Zootaxa 2533, no. 1 (July 12, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2533.1.1.
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Specimens belonging to the genus Gordius (horsehair worms, Nematomorpha) are comparatively poor in diagnostic characters and determination of species is difficult. The characters important for determination (coloration, size, shape of anterior and posterior end, structures in the male posterior end, cuticular structure) are discussed. From the 119 species of the genus, 40 are regarded as invalid. The remaining 79 species and their characters are summarized in a table. The species Gordius aquaticus is the best known name among nematomorphs, but its diagnostic characters are critically reviewed. Recent methods such as SEM reveal characters such as the presence of fine bristles in the posterior end or different fine structures of the cuticular surface. Such characters were not included in older descriptions and their value for taxonomy will become apparent as more data is available. Despite such problems some specimens show unique and new characters or character combinations and the following seven species are described as new: G. balcanicus sp. nov. from Serbia, G. digitatus sp. nov. from Croatia, G. helveticus sp. nov. from Swizerland, G. karwendeli sp. nov. from Germany, G. pesici sp. nov. from Montenegro, G. serratus sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea and G. zwicki sp. nov. from Russia.
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Beelitz, P., H. Dongus, H. Sch�l, H. Gerhards, and R. Gothe. "Thelazia lacrymalis (Nematoda, Spirurida, Thelaziidae): report in a horse in Germany and contribution to the morphology of adult worms." Parasitology Research 83, no. 6 (June 5, 1997): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050309.
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Gortat, Jakub. "Powrót do ruin. O atrakcyjności niemieckiego powojnia." Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, no. 10 (December 31, 2023): 333–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2023.10.16.
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Return to the Ruins: The Appeal of Post-War Germany One of the most important dates in Germany’s postwar history was May 6, 1955, when the Federal Republic joined the North Atlantic Alliance, an event which perfectly reflected the dynamics of geopolitical changes that had taken place in the ten years since the end of World War II. The article focuses on the depictions of the German civilian population in selected motion pictures which, at least in theory, do not hold ordinary Germans responsible for war crimes. A look at the German war-torn landscape and its functionality will play an important role in the analysis, as it is against this background that the key plot lines are developed. Emphasis is placed on the allegorical and metaphorical significance of the ruins and their hidden meanings. The films under investigation are works created independently of German cinematography (except for two recent international co-productions). This is because the purpose of the analysis is to present the changing attitudes of filmmakers representing nations hostile to Germany until 1945 to the civilian population of ruined German cities. These attitudes, it is worth emphasizing, sometimes stand in opposition to the prescribed perception of Germany and Germans resulting from Cold War political realities and dictating that the nation be treated with sympathy, trust, friendship, and love as a new ally.
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Lessel, T. H. "Upgrading and nitrification by submerged bio-film reactors - experiences from a large scale plant." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1994): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0758.
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The upgrading and nitrification was a requirement in 1986 for the conventional sewage treatment plant Geiselbullach, west of Munich, Germany, designed for 250 000 inhabitants equivalents. The possibility was tested to use submerged bio-film reactors in the aeration tanks to increase the MLSS concentration. Half-scale experiments were undertaken with three different reactor types. A rope type material, called Ring-laceR was selected for the large-scale application, because it did not produce anaerobic sludge deposits, as the other tested reactor types did. The design criteria had to be developed. The process operation started in January 1988; a few months later the phosphorus removal by chemical precipitation was also put into operation. After stable conditions were assured the concentration of the MLSS could be increased to about 10 g/l, due to sludge volume indices of about 50, formerly 180 to 300. A nearly complete nitrification was achieved, which could even be continued in winter times at water temperatures of 8 to 10 °C. Many highly developed microorganisms in the sessile sludge occurred (nematodes, tubifex…), which grew excessively under certain conditions and reduced the normal bacteria to unacceptable low quantities. A worm cure could reduce the worms to acceptable counts. Problems with the longtime stability of the material arose and were investigated.
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Kantola, Janna. "Images of Germans and Finns in Contemporary Finnish-Language Novels." Journal of Finnish Studies 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.19.1.03.
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Abstract This article examines the literary representations of Germans in recent Finnishlanguage novels from an imagological angle.1 The examination is divided into three thematic sections: (1) novels that deal with the Lapland War (1944–45); (2) novels that satirize Finnish contemporary society and extremist political movements by referring to Nazi Germany; and (3) finally, in brief, novels that show a more neutral attitude towards Germany or that acknowledge present-day Germany as Europe's economic power. The idea is first to show that images of Germans and of Germany are startlingly present in contemporary Finnish novels and, secondly, to try to understand why this is the case. In other words, I will consider whether the phenomenon is related to broader issues in Finnish society today—issues that the novels' authors criticize, such as rising xenophobia and the problems that arise from economic inequality. The conclusion is that the German image reflected in these Finnish novels is created by contemporary Finnish novelists in order to discuss delicate issues concerning Finnish society. This means, in imagological terms, that the image of Germans and Germany in these novels strongly reflects the Finnish self-image.
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Jolanta, Mędelska, Cieszkowski Marek, and Jankowiak Rutkowska. "About the Word Arbuse as one of the First Russicisms in the Language of Russian Germans." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2014-0001.
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Abstract The article presents the process of creation of German island dialects in Russia and in the USSR. Starting in the second half of the 18th century, people from various German regions, primarily farmers and artisans, migrated to Russia. The authorities most frequently settled them in so-called colonies, or in other words, compact country villages, which were typically separated widely from each other. Germans settled in very large numbers along the Volga, in southern Russia, Crimea, the Caucasus, as well as in the St. Petersburg region, Novgorod, Voronezh and Volyn. The arrivals from Germany brought with them a wide range of dialects and local varieties. Arriving in the colonies, they most commonly settled down based on their places of origin in Germany, but sometimes by religious denomination or even on the basis of friendships formed on the way to Russia. In this way, the residents of one colony might speak even dozens of substantially different dialects and local varieties. These native varieties of speech mixed together and created a common code, which nevertheless retained archaisms as a result of the lack of contact with the living German language. Despite the significant degree to which Germans were isolated from Russians, linguistic borrowings from Russian began to appear in their language early on, even during the long journey to the migrants’ new home. Primarily, lexis required for everyday life were borrowed. The authors of this article, in researching the Soviet variety of German in Russia, observed that the Russicism Arbuse appeared frequently in this variety, yet only rarely - as dictionary entries testify - in German used in Germany. Analysis revealed that Arbuse is one of the earliest and most widely spread Russicisms in the language of Germans from Russia. Likely it is through their particular code that the term made its way into German dictionaries.
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Dinkel, Anke, Markus von Nickisch-Rosenegk, Birgit Bilger, Michael Merli, Richard Lucius, and Thomas Romig. "Detection of Echinococcus multilocularisin the Definitive Host: Coprodiagnosis by PCR as an Alternative to Necropsy." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 7 (1998): 1871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.7.1871-1876.1998.
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Recently, extensions of the range of Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe and North America and drastic increases in fox populations in Europe put an increasing proportion of the human population at risk of alveolar echinococcosis. To obtain data on the local infection pressure, studies of the prevalence of the parasite in the animals that transmit the parasite, foxes, dogs, and cats, are urgently required. Such investigations, however, have been hampered by the need for necropsy of the host animal to specifically diagnose infection with the parasite. In this study, a nested PCR and an improved method for DNA extraction were developed to allow the sensitive and specific diagnosis of E. multilocularisinfections directly from diluted fecal samples from foxes. The target sequence for amplification is part of the E. multilocularismitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. The specificity of the method was 100% when it was tested against 18 isolates (metacestodes and adult worms) of 11 cestode species, including E. granulosus. The sensitivity of the method was evaluated by adding egg suspensions and individual eggs to samples of diluted feces from uninfected foxes. The presence of one egg was sufficient to give a specific signal. To confirm the PCR results, an internal probe which hybridized only withE. multilocularis amplification products but not with the DNA of other cestodes was constructed. In order to investigate the applicability of this method for epidemiological studies, 250 wild foxes from a area in southern Germany where echinococcosis is highly endemic were examined by both necropsy and PCR of rectal contents. The sensitivity correlated with the parasites’ number and stage of maturity. It ranged from 100% (>1,000 gravid worms) to 70% (<10 nongravid worms). On the basis of positive PCR results for 165 foxes, the sensitivity of the traditional and widely used necropsy method was found to be not higher than 76%. We therefore present this PCR system as an alternative method for the routine diagnosis of E. multilocularis in carnivores.
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Waters, Tony, and David Philhour. "Cross-National Attunement to Popular Songs across Time and Place: A Sociology of Popular Music in the United States, Germany, Thailand, and Tanzania." Social Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8110305.
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This paper explores empirically Edward T. Hall’s assertion about the role of musical elements, including rhythm recognition and what are called “ear worms” in popular culture. To test Hall’s assertion, data were collected from the United States, Germany, Tanzania, and Thailand in 2015–2017 using a 26 brief “song intros.” Data were also collected from exchange students from South Korea and Turkey. Survey responses were analyzed using factor analysis in order to identify patterns of recognition. It was found that there were indeed patterns of recognition apparently reflecting national boundaries for some song recognition, but others crossed boundaries. A separate analysis of patterned recognition comparing American youth under thirty, with elders over 60 indicated that there were also boundaries between age groups. Such experiments in music recognition are an effective methodology for Culture Studies given that musical elements are tied to issues of identity, culture, and even politics. Music recognition can be used to measure elements of such subconscious habitus.
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Novikova, Marina V. "THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL TRAUMA IN THE COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF GERMANS IN THE UNITED GERMANY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 2 (2021): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-2-117-126.
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The article attempts to characterize the state of historical con- sciousness of the Germans at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21 st century. The article examines what factors influenced the formation of the “sacrificial narrative” in the collective memory of the Germans of the united Germany. The research is based on the publications in the German, Polish and Russian press, autobiographical works, interviews, diaries and memoirs of Gunther Grass, Gerhard Schroeder, etc., analyzes the works of art and filmography released at that time. Memories of the suffering of the German civilian population during the Second World War usually belonged to the individual memory or remained part of the German family history. True, the traumatic past was often used for political purposes, especially in the FRG in the matters related to the theme of exile. In the first decade of the new millennium, thanks to the changes in the cultural agenda – the release of a number of books and feature films, the plot of which was based on the suffering of the Germans, the traumatic past is at the center of public debate. However, the rethinking of the theme of the suffering of the German civilian population was met with a rather wary response in the global context, primarily from Poland and the victor countries.
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Hanna, Аdamova, Yevtimova Diana, Plokhotna Valeriia, Zahura Oksana, and Chernenko Tetiana. "Functioning of Directive Speech Acts in Modern German Linguistic Culture." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (October 17, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p212.
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The speakers have a large amount of personal freedom when expressing their opinions in German. In general, Germans do not feel the need to say what you should or should not do/have in a direct manner. This can be seen through many different types of linguistic behaviors such as mimicking and directive speech acts (DSAs). The DSAs are called directive, because they often include an order or command in the speaker's words. The way how people use these DSAs varies in German culture depending on situational factors and social norms. The development of the linguistic culture in Germany, i.e., change in attitudes toward language use, has made directive speech acts more and more acceptable over time. This is illustrated by a comparison of two representative surveys conducted twenty years apart. The first representative study on directive speech acts focuses on directives addressed to learners of German as a foreign language, while the other deals with directives addressed to tourists visiting Germany.
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Meng, Katharina, and Ekaterina Protassova. "Running out of words: tactics for maintaining conversation among Russian-German bilinguals." Communication Studies 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2413-6182.2020.7(2).283-299.
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The study combines analysis of social interaction between bilingual RussianGerman speakers competent in the two languages to different degrees with assessment of the levels of oral and written proficiency of the young Russian Germans who came as small children to Germany or were born here. This is a part of
a larger longitudinal project dedicated to the linguistic integration of the Russian
Germans in Germany conducted since shortly after their arrival as repartees to
the historical homeland. The communication took place at the family home after
25 years of immigration. It was interesting to discover bilingual practices and
means that are in use to achieve certain goals of communication. Questions were
asked about different aspects of their life and their attitudes toward the previous
and actual situation. The peculiarities of the oral and written German as well as
of the oral Russian and of the ability to read were tested and analyzed. The results obtained allow to understand bilingual development of children, now young
adults, without systematical support for the literacy in the Russian language.
Even if they hear a lot of Russian from their relatives, it is not important to maintain the language and they do not make additional efforts to do it. This is an outcome of the family language policy and the consequences of parents’ comunicative practices.
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Skrzypek, Katarzyna, Jacek Karamon, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, Joanna Dąbrowska, Maciej Kochanowski, Jacek Sroka, Ewa Bilska-Zając, and Tomasz Cencek. "Comparison of Two DNA Extraction Methods and Two PCRs for Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in the Stool Samples of Naturally Infected Red Foxes." Animals 10, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122381.
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(1) Background: Due to the increasing distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in final hosts, epidemiological investigations are important for recognizing the spreading pattern of this parasite and also to estimate risk infection for humans. (2) Methods: Investigations were conducted with two commercial kits dedicated for DNA extraction from feces: ZR Fecal DNA Mini Prep (Zymo Research, Freiburg, Germany) and QIAamp FAST DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) (marked as Z and Q), together with two common PCR protocols (nested PCR and multiplex PCR). The goal was to compare their efficiency in detecting the genetic material of E. multilocularis in the samples of feces. Stool samples from red foxes were collected in a highly endemic area in Poland. Sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) was used as a reference method. (3) Results: From 48 samples, 35 were positive in SCT. Further investigations showed that 40.0% of samples (from those with SCT positive result) after Z-DNA extraction and 45.7% after Q-DNA extraction gave positive results in nested PCR. In multiplex PCR, positive results were obtained in 54.3% of samples after Z isolation and 48.6% of samples after Q. Additionally, one sample that resulted in being negative in SCT gave a positive result in PCR. The number of worms detected in the intestines had no influence on PCR results. (4) Conclusions: Both of the extraction methods showed similar efficiency in DNA isolation and dealing with inhibitors; however, they showed relatively low sensitivity. This was probably caused by degradation of genetic material in the field-collected samples.
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Kutschera, U., and J. M. Elliott. "Charles Darwin's Observations on the Behaviour of Earthworms and the Evolutionary History of a Giant Endemic Species from Germany,Lumbricus badensis(Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae)." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/823047.
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The British naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) began and ended his almost 45-year-long career with observations, experiments, and theories related to earthworms. About six months before his death, Darwin published his book onThe Formation of Vegetable Mould,through the Actions of Worms,With Observations on their Habits(1881). Here we describe the origin, content, and impact of Darwin's last publication on earthworms (subclass Oligochaeta, family Lumbricidae) and the role of these annelids as global “ecosystem reworkers” (concept of bioturbation). In addition, we summarize our current knowledge on the reproductive behaviour of the common European speciesLumbricus terrestris. In the second part of our account we describe the biology and evolution of the giant endemic speciesL. badensisfrom south western Germany with reference to the principle of niche construction. Biogeographic studies have shown that the last common ancestor ofL. badensis, and the much smaller sister-taxon, the Atlantic-MediterraneanL. friendi, lived less than 10 000 years ago. Allopatric speciation occurred via geographically isolated founder populations that were separated by the river Rhine so that today two earthworm species exist in different areas.
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SPRIGGE, MARTHA. "Tape Work and Memory Work in Post-War Germany." Twentieth-Century Music 14, no. 1 (February 2017): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572217000056.
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ABSTRACTSonic traces of the Third Reich have held significant memorial power in post-war Germany. This article traces three works that sample one of the most well-known recordings from the Nazi period: Joseph Goebbels's declaration of Total War, delivered on 18 February 1943, and broadcast on newsreel and radio the following week. In both message and material, this recording epitomizes Friedrich Kittler's claim that tape is a military technology. The works examined span different memory debates in post-war Germany: Bernd Alois Zimmermann realized Requiem für einen jungen Dichter (1967–9) as West Germans were engaging in the first public discussions of the Holocaust, Georg Katzer's Mein 1989 (1990) is an East German composer's early response to the fall of the Berlin Wall, while Marcel Beyer's novel Flughunde (The Karnau Tapes, 1995) reveals the continued attempt to address the legacy of the Third Reich after German Reunification. Analysed together, these works create new configurations of discourse about wartime memory, moving away from geopolitical contours. Each of these artists transforms tape's wartime uses – namely dissemination and encryption – into forms of memorial labour. Through their physical and conceptual manipulations of tape, these artists create less deterministic readings of the Nazi past.
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Riddle, Lucas. "Reclaiming Heimat, Uprooting National Socialism in Anna Seghers’s “Das Ende”." Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 59, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/seminar.59.2.2.
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This article explores Anna Seghers’s use of nature and pastoral writing in her exile tale “Das Ende” (1945). I argue that, by writing a story in which villagers and nature work together to hunt and rid Germany’s war-torn landscape of Zillich, a former concentration camp guard, Seghers engages critically with German traditions of Heimat writing to “reclaim” the style as a productive mode to depict the monumental task of rebuilding Germany after the Second World War. Much of Anna Seghers’s postwar and exile works refl ect in literature what she viewed as the responsibility of writers to contribute to the re-education and denazifi cation of the German people during and following the war. “Das Ende” is no exception; it seeks to understand how fascism permeated the minds and hearts of ordinary Germans, and the work Germans must undertake to overcome such indoctrination.
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Alzmann, Norbert, Bernd Köhler, and Gerhard Maier. "Spatial Distribution, Food and Activity of Gomphus pulchellus SELYS 1840 (Insecta; Odonata; Gomphidae) from a Still Water Habitat." International Review of Hydrobiology 84, no. 3 (January 1999): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.199900031.
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AbstractDistribution patterns of Gomphus pulchellus larvae in different sediments with different density of prey organisms were studied in the field in a small gravel pit lake in the south of Germany. Larval burrowing behaviour at different temperatures as well as food preference, consumption rates and activity were studied in laboratory experiments. In the study lake G. pulchellus larvae lived exclusively in places where macrophytes were present and in fine sediments (mean grain size <3 mm) with detritus cover. There was a significant positive correlation between larval density and density of food organisms suggesting that abundance of food is one of the determinants of larval distribution. In late autumn larvae migrated to deeper places probably to survive the winter. Low temperatures simulated in laboratory experiments did not induce larvae to burrow deeper. Larvae were always found in a sediment depth of 0.59–0.74 cm. Experiments with mixed prey showed that G. pulchellus larvae preferred tubificid worms and chironomid larvae over gammarids and ephemerid larvae. However, chironomid larvae which stayed in their tubes had a higher survival rate than those outside of tubes. Single‐prey experiments showed that G. pulchellus larvae can prey not only on benthic species but also on Daphnia from the open water. Functional‐response experiments showed that one G. pulchellus larva consumes a maximum of 2 to 3 tubificid worms or chironomid larvae per day, which corresponds to a maximum biomass (freshweight) of 5 to 30 mg per day. Video recordings of activity showed that G. pulchellus larvae cover long distances of up to 52 m per night on the substrate surface and that activity on the substrate surface started after midnight and ceased before sunrise. Consumption of Zooplankton prey and high activity above the substrate is interpreted as an adaptation of G. pulchellus larvae to the life in still water habitats.
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Gushchina, Anna I. "THE HOMELAND REPRESENTATION IN THE WORKS BY BERNHARD SCHLINK." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 28, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2022-28-3-153-157.
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This article considers the special perception of the phenomenon ‟Homeland” (‟Fatherland”) in the consciousness of the German nation using the example of the works by the German writer Bernhard Schlink. Topicality of the problem indicated in the article is due to the constant reference of German writers, poets, philosophers and sociologists to certain components that make up the concept of ‟Homeland.” The connection between the historical periods of German history and their presentation in the prose by Bernhard Schlink is shown in this article. The understanding of ‟Fatherland” by Germany’s territorial and cultural fragmentation over a long period of the land’s history until the second half of the 19th century is of particular importance. The purpose of the article is to identify associative ties in the mentality of the Germans by mentioning the concept of ‟Homeland” – German nature, national mentality and character, the typical Germans’ behaviour, special German past, which influenced the perception of Germans by other nations. It should be noted that the subject of the ‟Homeland” is especially important for Bernhard Schlink.
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Thompson, Antonio. "Fristsche, Life And Death In The Third Reich." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 35, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.35.1.50-51.
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Historian Peter Fritzsche's latest work, Life and Death in the Third Reich, is an attempt to study the relationships between Germans and Nazis. In doing so he reveals the appeal of the Nazis on the German public and the depth of collective guilt among the Germans for racism, the Holocaust, and World War II, in other words, the crimes of the Third Reich. In this endeavor, Fritzsche joins other key historians, including Christopher R. Browning ( Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, 1993) and Daniel Goldhagen (Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust, 1997). Fritzsche's previous work, Germans into Nazis (1999), examined-the role of the post-World War I era on Germany, the impact of the Treaty of Versailles, and the creation of the Volk. His new monograph seems almost a natural extension of the first study.
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Forner, Sean A. "War Commemoration and the Republic in Crisis: Weimar Germany and the Neue Wache." Central European History 35, no. 4 (December 2002): 513–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916102770891179.
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“Our dead are above the petty quarreling and the wretched, empty phrases that we cherish. A deep remembrance of our fallen brethren can only strengthen the will to reconcile differences and awaken the spirit that one of their number once expressed in this fashion: ‘Germany must live, even if we must die.”’ Thus a conservative nationalist representative to the Reichstag in Berlin addressed his colleagues in March 1927. His words reflect several notions current in Weimar Germany. They voice a call, still impassioned eight years after the armistice, for commemoration of the war dead, and they register a frustration with the contentious fragmentation of contemporary political culture, so dissonant with the image of soldiers unified in selfless sacrifice for the German fatherland. Finally, these words articulate the widespread sense that it was in the memory of the fallen of the Great War and in the emulation of their heroic sacrifice that Germans could find the bond to unify them as a people during the postwar period.
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Schmidt, Volker, Ronja Mock, Eileen Burgkhardt, Anja Junghanns, Falk Ortlieb, Istvan Szabo, Rachel Marschang, Irmgard Blindow, and Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns. "Cloacal Aerobic Bacterial Flora and Absence of Viruses in Free-Living Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis), Grass Snakes (Natrix natrix) and European Adders (Vipera berus) from Germany." EcoHealth 11, no. 4 (May 28, 2014): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-014-0947-6.
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Fryd, Vivien Green. "Walking with The Murderers Are Among Us: Henry Ries’s Post-WWII Berlin Rubble Photographs." Arts 9, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9030075.
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Henry Ries (1917–2004), a celebrated American-German photojournalist, was born into an upper-class Jewish family in Berlin. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1938 to escape Nazi Germany. As a new American citizen, he joined the U.S. Air Force. After the war, Ries became photo editor and chief photographer for the OMGUS Observer (1946–1947), the American weekly military newspaper published by the Information and Education Section of the Office of Military Government for Germany (OMGUS). One photograph by Ries that first appeared in this newspaper in 1946, and a second, in a different composition and enlarged format, that he included in his 2001 autobiography, create significant commentaries on postwar Germany. The former image accompanies an article about the first post-WWII German feature film: Wolfgang Staudte’s The Murderers Are Among Us. The photograph moves from functioning as a documentation of history and collective memory, to an individual remembrance and personal condemnation of WWII horrors. Both reveal Ries’s individual trauma over the destruction of Berlin and the death of family members, while also conveying the official policy of OMGUS. Ries’s works embody a conflicted, compassionate gaze, conveying ambiguous emotions about judgment of Germans, precisely because of his own identity, background and memories.
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Holman, Brett. "William Le Queux, the Zeppelin Menace and the Invisible Hand." Critical Survey 32, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2020): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2019.112605.
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In contrast to William Le Queux’s pre-1914 novels about German spies and invasion, his wartime writing is much less well known. Analysis of a number of his works, predominantly non-fictional, written between 1914 and 1918 shows that he modified his perception of the threat posed by Germany in two ways. Firstly, because of the lack of a German naval invasion, he began to emphasise the more plausible danger of aerial attack. Secondly, because of the incompetent handling of the British war effort, he began to believe that an ‘Invisible Hand’ was responsible, consisting primarily of naturalised Germans. Switching form from fiction to non-fiction made his writing more persuasive, but he was not able to sustain this and he ended the war with less influence than he began it.
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Goreva, Nadezhda Aleksandrovna, and Marina Yurievna Kotova. "Reception of the creative work of the Polish science fiction writer Stanisław Lem in German-speaking countries." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 10 (October 16, 2023): 3540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230545.
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The paper aims to identify the chronology and specifics of translations and studies of the creative work of the Polish science fiction writer, futurist and philosopher Stanisław Lem (1921-2006) in Germany in the aspect of imagology. Until now, the problems associated with the translation of his works into German have rarely attracted the attention of Russian scholars. The study is original in that it is the first in Russian philological science to trace the history of translations of Stanisław Lem’s works into German and their reception in German-speaking countries. Stanisław Lem’s place in the German book market is viewed from two perspectives – firstly, in the context of Polish literature popularisation, and secondly, within the framework of the science fiction genre. In addition, the paper provides a list of German-language editions of his books with a brief information about translators. The research findings show that the cross-cultural ties between Poland and German-speaking countries influenced publishers’ interest in Lem’s works, mainly at the stage when his books were being first published in German, after which the writer’s reputation as an original science fiction writer and strong ties with individual publishers, namely “Volk und Welt” in East Germany and “Suhrkamp Verlag” in West Germany, played a major role. It is the first time that the factors clarifying the process of translation and publication of Lem’s works in German have been revealed.
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Troshina, N. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF GERMAN STUDIES INTHE WORKS OF CSABA FÖLDES." Yazykoznaniye, no. 1 (2021): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ling/2021.01.01.
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The article deals with the most relevant problems of modern German studies related to the national and regional variability / polycentricity of the German language, as well as the influence of bilingual discourse and intercultural communication on speech practices. The need to preserve national schools of German studies in other countries outside Germany in order to deepen and expand scientific and cultural contacts in Europe is emphasized. The article analyzes the linguoculturological paradigm of linguistics, which is actively developing in modern Russian linguistics.
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Akhmetsagirova, Leysan I. "Phonetic information in Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries compiled in Germany in the 19th century." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 23 (2022): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/23/3.
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The article presents the results of the study of phonetic information provided in Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries which were compiled in Germany in the 19th century. The relevance of this research is determined by the lack of metalexicographic works on a detailed analysis of this issue. According to their title pages and prefaces, most of the Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries were addressed equally to Germanspeaking and Russian-speaking users. The comparative study applied in this research shows how German lexicographers meet the need of both target groups for pronunciation information. In the course of the research, we studied the bilingual Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries in relation to the formats of presenting phonetic information, the sound composition of Russian and German words, and of recording their prosodic characteristics (stress). The research reveals that German lexicographers of the 19th century paid considerable attention to the elaboration of phonetic information which was presented in the analyzed dictionaries in two formats. Information on pronunciation was either shown in dictionary entries or given separately outside the lemma list in the surrounding text (in phonetic appendices and tables). The most commonly used format is the presentation of the pronunciation directly in dictionary entries. By the end of the century, phonetic information was additionally introduced in the macrostructure of the dictionaries in the form of phonetic appendices/notes or alphabet tables with pronunciation rules. The problem of the accurate representation of the sound composition of words was not acutely posed in the dictionaries. Apparently, the reason is that pronunciation in Russian and German was quite in line with spelling so that why this type of information could be basically left out. Nevertheless, in some dictionaries, this phonetic parameter found some elaboration. In most cases, the sound composition was represented only for Russian words. All Russian-German and German-Russian dictionaries indicated word stress. But in most dictionaries, stress is placed only on Russian words. Only in three dictionaries, lexicographers indicated the position of stress on words of both languages. The analysis shows that information on pronunciation recorded for Russian words was slightly more elaborated than for German ones. It means that the main target group of these dictionaries were still German-speaking users. Based on the results of the research, a conclusion is made that German lexicographers tried in their own way to meet the requirements of the users and to make their dictionaries as user-friendly as possible. This experience is very valuable and of undoubted interest for contemporary lexicography. Therefore, there is a need in further special investigations dealing with these dictionaries. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Schulte-Wülwer, Ulrich. "Deutsch-dänische Kunstbeziehungen 1820 bis 1920." Nordelbingen: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Kunst und Kultur, Literatur und Musik in Schleswig-Holstein, no. 89 (December 2023): 115–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/2941-3362/p6.
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In the last decade of the 18th century, the Danish state experienced a period of prosperity, which was characterized by a German-Danish cultural transfer in all intellectual fields. The first clouds were cast by the rise of an artistic self-confidence. Asmus Jacob Carstens from Schleswig and Ernst Meyer from Altona, who felt disadvantaged in the awarding of medals and protested vehemently, were expelled from the art academy in Copenhagen in 1781 and 1821. Nevertheless, the Copenhagen Art Academy had a strong attraction for numerous artists from northern Germany. In this respect, Caspar David Friedrich, Philipp Otto Runge and Georg Friedrich Kersting are primarily worthy of mention. The Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen was a strong link between the Germans and Scandinavians living in Rome throughout his life. The first cracks in the good bilateral relationship came with the strengthening of the national liberal movements. In 1842, the influential teacher at the Copenhagen Art Academy, N.L. Høyen, drew up a program aimed at repressing influences from abroad, especially from Germany. Not all artists heeded Høyens call for a return to national themes of history, folk life, and nature, so that two groups confronted each other in Denmark: the nationalists and the Europeans. With the German-Danish War of 1848/51 there was a rift, and with the war of 1864 the final break. Only after twenty years did the academies of Copenhagen and Berlin resume contact. From 1883 onwards, there were reciprocal visits, which led to Danish artists once again taking part in representative exhibitions in Berlin or Munich. Conversely, however, German artists were denied participation in exhibitions in Copenhagen, an exception being the International Art Exhibition on the inauguration of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen in 1897. A spirit freed from all academic constraints also emanated from the artist colonies in Europe. In particular, the works of the Skagen painters were enthusiastically celebrated at exhibitions in Munich and Berlin, which led to some German painters traveling to the Danish artists' colony, where they were received without prejudice. However, at no time was there a balance in the official acceptance and appreciation of the art of the respective neighbouring country. While painters such as Michael Ancher and Peder Severin Krøyer sold works to renowned collectors and museums in Germany, no Danish Museum acquired the work of a German artist during the period under study. The Berlin painter Walter Leistikow, who was married to a Danish woman, worked hard to stimulate a German-Danish art transfer and succeeded in getting the leading Danish gallery owner Valdemar Kleis to offer German painters the opportunity to exhibit in Copenhagen for the first time in 1894, most of whom belonged to the group Die XI, a precursor of the Berlin Secession. The appreciation of the Skagen painters was replaced at the turn of the century by admiration works by F.J. Willumsen and Vilhelm Hammershøj. Hammershøj filled a room of his own at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition in 1900 with 14 works, and the Schulte Gallery in Berli While German admiration for Danish art peaked between 1890 and 1900, people in Denmark continued to look past the German art scene. This was also experienced by the artists' group Die Brücke, which sought foreign members soon after its founding. When Kleis presented works by the Brücke artists in Copenhagen in 1908, they too received only negative reviews. In March 1910, the time seemed ripe for a change of mood. The Berlin gallery owner Herwarth Walden strove to make his Sturm-Galerie a rallying point for the European modernist art movements. In July 1912, he rented the exhibition building of the secessionist group Den Frie in Copenhagen and held an exhibition of Italian Futurists there. When Walden was celebrated by the Danish press as a cosmopolitan who had brought modernism to Copenhagen, he showed works by the French Henri le Fauconier and Raoul Dufy, as well as the painters Marianne von Werefkin and Gabriele Münter, but the tenor of the press was again dominated by anti-German resentment. After the outbreak of World War I, Walden allowed himself to be abused by the German propaganda department of the German Secret and Intelligence Service, which strove to correct the image of Germans abroad as cultural barbarians. Walden showed works by Kandinsky, Klee, Kokoschka, Marc, and again Gabriele Münter at the Copenhagen artists’ cabaret Edderkoppen in the fall of 1917. He also planned an exhibition of Danish avant-garde in his Sturm Gallery in Berlin, but the artists had become suspicious in the face of German propaganda, which was celebrating a last military success. The exhibition was canceled. This did not prevent Walden from organizing an exhibition at Kleis’ art shop in Copenhagen shortly before the end of the war, under the guise of internationalism. This was Walden's largest and most ambitious project in Scandinavia. Of the 133 works exhibited, almost half came from Germany. The attempt to convince the Danes of the excellence of German art failed miserably, because the basic conviction was still: Everything that comes from Germany is bad. The opening took place on November 28 and ended on December 16, 1918, by which time the war was already over.
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Tkachenko, E. S. "German Motet in Johannes Brahms’ Works." Observatory of Culture, no. 3 (June 28, 2015): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-3-58-63.
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German Motet in Johannes Brahms’ Works (by Elizaveta Tkachenko) analyzes the seven motets of the eminent German romantic composer - Johannes Brahms. Works of this genre are considered from the standpoint of their belonging to the Protestant variety, which originated in Germany during the Reformation and was enriched during the next two centuries by exquisite examples of leading Lutheran composers. Just like his great predecessors, Brahms took tunes of Lutheran chorales as a musical foundation for his motets and quotations from the Bible in Martin Luther’s translation as their verbal foundation. Particular attention is paid to the definition of features of the composer’s method of work with canonical texts.
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Brant, S. V., K. Pomajbíková, D. Modry, K. J. Petrželková, A. Todd, and E. S. Loker. "Molecular phylogenetics of the elephant schistosome Bivitellobilharzia loxodontae (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) from the Central African Republic." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 1 (February 17, 2012): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x1200003x.
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AbstractOne of the most poorly known of all schistosomes infecting mammals is Bivitellobilharzia loxodontae. Nearly all of our available information about this species comes from the original description of worms that were obtained from an animal park-maintained elephant in Germany, probably a forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis, originating from the present-day Democratic Republic of Congo. We obtained schistosome eggs from faecal samples from wild forest elephants from the Central African Republic. The eggs, which were similar in size and shape to those of described B. loxodontae, were sequenced for the 28S nuclear ribosomal gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene. In a phylogenetic analysis of 28S sequences, our specimens grouped closely with B. nairi, the schistosome from the Indian elephant Elephas maximus, to the exclusion of schistosomes from other genera. However, the eggs were genetically distinct (12% distance cox1) from those of B. nairi. We conclude the specimens we recovered were of B. loxodontae and confirm this is a distinct Bivitellobilharzia species. In addition to providing the first sequence data for B. loxodontae, this report also supports Bivitellobilharzia as a monophyletic group and gives the relative phylogenetic position of the genus within the Schistosomatidae. We also provide a review of the biology of this poorly known schistosome genus.
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SURES, B., K. KNOPF, J. WÜRTZ, and J. HIRT. "Richness and diversity of parasite communities in European eels Anguilla anguilla of the River Rhine, Germany, with special reference to helminth parasites." Parasitology 119, no. 3 (September 1999): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099004655.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 121 European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from 2 sampling sites on the River Rhine were investigated in respect of their parasite communities. Special attention was given to the swim bladders, intestines, gills and fins of the fish. Twelve different parasite species were found to live in and on the eels. Data from each sampling site were kept separate. Parasites found in descending order of prevalence were: Anguillicola crassus, Trypanosoma granulosum, Myxobolus sp., Paratenuisentis ambiguus, Pseudodactylogyrus sp., Bothriocephalus claviceps, Myxidium giardi, Pomphorhynchus laevis, Trichodina sp., Raphidascaris acus, Acanthocephalus lucii and Acanthocephalus anguillae. Significantly different prevalences were reported for L3 larvae of A. crassus, adult P. ambiguus, B. claviceps and Myxobolus sp. at the 2 sampling sites. The highest number of parasite species was recorded from the intestine, which contained up to 6 different helminths. The coexistence of the acanthocephalans P. laevis and P. ambiguus, which showed clear patterns of distribution within the intestine of the respective hosts, was reported for the first time. Up to 3 different helminth species were found in the intestine of individual fish. Among those, acanthocephalans were the most prevalent worms with the eel-specific parasite P. ambiguus as the dominant species not only of the intestinal but also of the total component communities. Both infra and component communities exhibited low diversity and were dominated by this single species. The evenness reached only approximately 50% or less and it remained unclear why the helminth communities of the eels from the River Rhine with its huge catchment area exhibit such a low parasite diversity and high dominance.
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Spengler, Fabian. "Danger of Drowning?" Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 23, no. 2 (January 23, 2024): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.10873.
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The integration of Muslims has been a core issue within German socio-political debates for over 20 years. The participation of Muslim pupils in certain school subjects, most prominently in school swimming lessons, has been a core issue within those larger debates. This article demonstrates that Germans, including Muslims in Germany, dispute not merely the participation of members of a religious minority in one of dozens of school activities. Rather, all parties involved negotiate recognition, share, and power within society at large. Muslims seek to take part in determining the character of a society they have been making a home since the 1960s. Inspired—among other factors—by Global Islam movements, they challenge notions of ethnic hegemony, the public visibility of different religions, and interpretations of liberalism, including aspects of gender equality. The article illustrates how the encroaching integration of Muslims in Germany led to the demand for respect for religio-cultural difference by a minority among them; and how the struggle by Muslims to become equal members of society created resistance among those in Germany who seek to protect their inherited share of influence. The development is also illustrated by court decisions about the degree of religious difference accepted in schools. As agents of change, Muslims have forced non-Muslim Germans to answer some uneasy questions about what they want society to be like. Key words: Islam in Germany, Islam Debate, Migration and Integration, Islam and Education, Islam and Swimming, Muslim Minorities in the West, Global Islam
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Seifert, Elena Ivanovna. "Russian-German Chanson as a Product of Emigration." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 19, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2022-19-1-50-65.
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The theory of chanson as a creative direction has not been sufficiently developed, although the study of chanson has undoubtedly been strengthening its positions recently. Researchers perceive chanson broadly (songs of the direction of urban song folklore) and narrowly (thieves lyrics). The purpose of the research is to study the Russian-German chanson, the tasks are to observe the works of Vadim Kuzema and Viktor Gagin, a multifaceted analysis of the lyric cycle of Sonya Jahnke From a Song Notebook. The legitimacy of the allocation of the Russian-German chanson is confirmed by the attempt of the national-geographical division of the Russian-speaking chanson, proposed by M. Dyukov. Russian-German chanson is a phenomenon that formed during the third stage of mass migration, that is, it fully takes into account all the genetic layers of the subcultural ethnos. S. Janke, in her stylization as a thug chanson song, concerns various aspects of the life and life of Russian Germans in Germany. The author of the article applies structural-descriptive, historical-typological and comparative-historical research methods. The research results can be applied to the entire RussianGerman chanson. The lyrical hero suffers from marginality and seeks to grow into a new and still alien society for him. The clear difference between Russian-German chanson and Russian is in a special collective subject (a type of Russian German) striving to become related to the world that alienates him (as opposed to the hero of the Russian thug chanson cultivating the world of outcasts). The asocial character of the hero of the Russian-German chanson is fundamentally different from the asocial character of the hero of the Russian chanson. Comprehension of the Russian-German chanson reveals a paradox: the appeal of Russian Germans to a marginal thug song is nothing more than an attempt to free themselves from the marginality of their ethnic group. Russian-German stylization under the thieves song is not distinguished by romance: the ethnic picture of Russian Germans is not characterized by the typically Russian opposition of high and low.
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Kudryavtseva, Tamara V. "Early Works of A.M. Gorky: Translations, Publications, Interpretations." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 3 (2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-3-116-133.
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Within the framework of comparative, contextual, and receptive analysis, this article examines the specificity of the early Gorky’s German reception (1900–1910). The article is an attempt to explain Gorky’s rapid entry into the Germanophone cultural space taking into consideration the problematics of Gorky’s early work and its specific implementation on the one hand and the specificity of the literary process in Germany in these years on the other. The article also takes into account editorial policies and practices as well as the overall political and literary orientation of the press and publishers. Some examples show the impact of Gorky’s work on the literary practice of German writers (R. Huch, G. Hauptmann, F. Wolf, etc.). The article reveals typical patterns of reception when German writers, translators, literary critics and, researchers of that time turn to Gorky’s work.
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Taškāne, Alise. "ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY ISSUES IN WORKS OF GERMAN STREET ART." Culture Crossroads 13 (November 9, 2022): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol13.114.
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This article deals with the development of environmental and ecological issues in Germany since the 1970s, and how these issues are represented in works of street art since the beginning of the development of modern graffiti, and later street art, in Germany. The purpose of this research is to identify differences in the ecological and environmental issues in works of graffiti and street art from the 1970s to present day in Germany. This has been done by examining general themes of environmental and ecological issues in graffiti and street art and by studying some of the specific examples of artwork, using research methods by visual analysis based on study “Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design” by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen, and visual analysis of iconography and iconology, described by Marion G. Müller in “The SAGE Handbook of Visual Research Methods” by Eric Margolis and Luc Pauwels. The first phase of the research involves an overview of the socio- political background of the ecological and environmental issues in Germany since the 1970s, as well as development of modern graffiti and street art in Germany in the context of ecology and environment, using the method of iconology. The second phase involves examining physical examples of graffiti and street art in Germany. The final phase deals with regional differences reflected in artists’ work in Germany. This article will provide general insights in graffiti and street art in Germany and it will explore how German artists tackle the environmental and ecological issues in their works.
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Licari, Camilla, and Monica Perotto. "A study of the speech of bilingual children of Russian Germans living in Germany." Russian Language Studies 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2021-19-2-180-190.
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The article presents the relevant issue of analysing the common features of the grammar of Russian as language inherited by the second or third generation of migrant children in Europe and in the world. The novelty of the study is in the fact that it compares the speech of children with different dominant languages and, in particular, studies the speech of a group of children from families of Russian Germans living in Germany under dual language inheritance. Their parents have a very rich migration history, as they are, in turn, also heritage speakers of German, the language, which they spoke in their family. In the present paper, the main task will be to identify the common features determined by the contact between Russian as a heritage language and other languages, especially at morphological and lexical levels. For this purpose, a field research project was conducted at the Learning and Integration Centre Dialog e. V. in Reutlingen. The analysis of oral and written works of bilingual children of the last generation of Russian Germans showed not only the common elements of erosion identified in the heritage grammar, but also the special linguistic features caused by the transition from German-Russian to Russian-German inheritance. The influence of their parents language distinguishes them from other groups of Russian students, emphasizes the importance of studying not only childrens, but also their parents speech, as well as teaching standard Russian in the framework of non-formal education.
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Weiss, Manfred. "Modernizing the German Works Council System: A Recent Amendment." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 18, Issue 3 (September 1, 2002): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/5100073.
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The statute on the German works council system, somehow the backbone of industrial relations in Germany and a point of reference in many comparative studies on workers' participation, has been significantly amended in 2001. This amendment was supposed to improve the conditions for the application of the law in small and medium-sized companies, to adapt the traditional organizational structure to the needs of an ever changing reality, to improve the ressources available to the works councils and to increase the works council's powers in specific areas. It turned out to be highly controversial. The article describes the innovations in a sketchy way and tries to evaluate their impact on the future functioning of the works council system in Germany.
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Vol’skii, Aleksei L. "Through the prism of aesthetics. Napoleonic myth in the works of Goethe and Nietzsche." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 20, no. 3 (2023): 446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2023.303.
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The reception of Napoleon in Germany was carried out under the sign of an aesthetic myth. The aesthetic myth is understood as a set of theories, concepts and texts of culture based on the idea of transforming the world through artistic creativity. Starting with romanticism, the aesthetic myth determines the specifics of the German discourse of culture. Under the sign of the aesthetic myth in Germany, the image of the French emperor is also comprehended. J.W.Goethe sees in Napoleon the embodiment of genius, the secret of which he is trying to unravel. Goethe sees in Napoleon a demonic personality, “the quintessence of humanity”, a genius, a natural phenomenon. Another aesthetic category through which the image of Napoleon is comprehended is the sublime. According to Goethe, the loftiness of Napoleon manifests itself not only during his political rise, but also during his fall. Another aesthetic category through which the image of Napoleon is comprehended is the sublime. The greatness of Napoleon is manifested, according to Goethe, not only in his military and political triumph, but in his tragic fall. Nietzsche sees in Napoleon the historical anticipation of the coming superman. The political activity of Napoleon is comprehended as an analogue and continuation of German art, the reincarnation of the ancient German spirit that overcomes the modern German decadence. In contrast to Bismarck’s nationalist empire, Napoleon’s all-European empire was founded on the principles of cosmopolitanism, which, in Nietzsche’s view, corresponds to the universalist nature of the German spirit.