Journal articles: 'Wrapping materials'

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Theinová, Daniela. "Opening Materials." Review of Irish Studies in Europe 4, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v4i2.2866.

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UCHIDA, Hitoshi, and Nobuhiro HAGIWARA. "Present and Future Root-Wrapping Materials." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects 56, no. 5 (1992): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila1934.56.5_139.

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O'NEALE, MARY. "RN first assistants; nail polish; wrapping materials." AORN Journal 60, no. 2 (August 1994): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)62751-3.

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UCHIDA, Hitoshi, Masayoshi KATO, and Joji MURAMOTO. "Characteristics and Biodegradability of Root-Wrapping Materials." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 62, no. 5 (1998): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.62.511.

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Rothacher, T., R. Weber, W. Lüthy, and H. P. Weber. "Nd:YAG laser interaction with mine wrapping materials." Laser Physics Letters 1, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200310023.

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Watanabe, Toyohide, and Kenta Matsushima. "Paper Wrapping, Using Connectivity Among Paper Faces." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jksr.2012040107.

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The paper wrapping is one of traditional cultures in Japan, like the paper folding Origami. The technical interest is related to how to decorate goods beautifully along the shapes, and also the requests from daily-life usage are to resolve how to protect goods from external shocks, to carry out materials/goods safely, and so on. Thus, the paper wrapping is intelligent and creative work. This paper addresses a method which can design the target-oriented wrapping procedure successfully and support users’ wrapping works effectively. In order to attain this objective, the authors introduce the knowledge usable in the paper wrapping process and then construct a stage tree to represent various kinds of wrapping means systematically under this knowledge. The authors propose a framework which makes up the paper wrapping process so as to be appropriate to individual target-objects and describe an approach to support the wrapping process visually.

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Subedi, Sujan, Giri Dhari Subedi, Dipendra Ghimire, Ishwori Prasad Gautam, Suvechchha Khanal, Purushottam Khatiwoda, and Sanjeeb Thapa. "Effect of Wrapping Materials and Maturity Stages on Postharvest Loss Reduction of Papaya." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 8 (May 9, 2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v8i.44811.

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Papaya fruits are vulnerable to high postharvest losses if harvesting and handling techniques are inappropriate. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in two consecutive years, 2019 and 2020, to assess the effects of wrapping materials and maturity stages on postharvest loss reduction of papaya stored at ambient condition. A factorial combination of four wrapping materials (brown paper, white paper, fiber bag, and control) and three maturity stages (MS2; few yellow streaks from base to stalk end of fruits, MS3; 1/2 ripe, and MS4; 3/4 ripe), using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used to carry out this experiment. The papaya fruits were evaluated for transportation weight loss, bruised fruit percent, physiological weight loss, decay percent, total soluble solids, firmness, and shelf life. The result revealed that wrapping materials significantly affected on the transportation weight loss, percent bruised fruit, decay percent, and shelf life. The stage of maturity had a significant effect on TSS and firmness of the fruit. However, the interaction of wrapping materials and maturity stages had a non-significant effect on all the parameters. Out of the four wrapping materials, brown paper wrapped fruits had the lowest bruised fruit (4.1%), the lowest decay (10.8%), and the highest shelf life (11.8 days), while MS2 showed the minimum bruised fruit (15.1%), decay (21.2%), and shelf life (12.8 days). Fruit harvested at MS2 wrapped with brown paper can reduce postharvest loss and improve shelf life of papaya.

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Dokania, A., Y. Rizvi, and Surabhi Sinha. "An Innovative Modified Orbital Implant in Enucleated Eyes for Postoperative Functionality and Cosmesis." International Journal of Advanced and Integrated Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10050-10074.

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ABSTRACT Orbital implants replace the volume lost by enucleated eye, impart motility to the prosthesis, and maintain cosmetic symmetry with the fellow eye. They include nonintegrated, synthetic semi-integrated, integrated, bio-integrated, and biogenic varieties. The much favored hydroxyapatite (bio-integrated) implant, due to its rough surface, needs to be wrapped in donor sclera or other wrapping materials (like polyglactin-910 mesh, polytetrafluoroethylene sheet, etc.) to which the muscles could be directly sutured. Cost factor of such wrappings is often prohibitive that add to the expense of such implants. Purpose To highlight monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh commonly used for herniorrhaphy as an alternative implant wrapping for achieving augmented implant volume and enabling easier extraocular muscle attachment in postenucleation reconstruction of artificial eye. Materials and methods Following enucleation of a nonfunctional eye in a patient who met with a road traffic accident, a 14 mm hydroxyapatite ball was used to replace the globe. The ball was wrapped with a monofilament polypropylene surgical mesh used in herniorrhaphy and sutured. The patient achieved a satisfactory cosmesis and movements of the implant for different gazes. No ocular discomfort or implant extrusion was reported following 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion Monofilament polypropylene mesh can be used safely as an orbital implant wrapping, economizing the implant cost. How to cite this article Sinha S, Rizvi Y, Dokania A. An Innovative Modified Orbital Implant in Enucleated Eyes for Postoperative Functionality and Cosmesis. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(1):47-50.

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Yu, Qingfen, Sameh Othman, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Thorsten Auth, and Gerhard Gompper. "Nanoparticle wrapping at small non-spherical vesicles: curvatures at play." Nanoscale 10, no. 14 (2018): 6445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr08856f.

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Wrapping of nanoparticles that enter and exit vesicles depends on several important parameters, such as particle size and shape, vesicle size and reduced volume, and membrane spontaneous curvature. This implies complex wrapping behavior where particle wrapping transitions and vesicle shape transitions are intimately coupled.

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Sadasivan, Balaji, Swanhoo Ma, Manuel Dujovny, Khang Loon Ho, and James I. Ausman. "Use of experimental aneurysms to evaluate wrapping materials." Surgical Neurology 34, no. 1 (July 1990): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(90)90165-l.

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Devkota, Tirtha Raj, Sachin Gahatraj, Bishal Shrestha, and Yogendra Kumar Karki. "Effect of grafting dates and wrapping materials on grafting success of apple (Malus domestica cv. Royal Delicious) in Jumla, Nepal." Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2019.167.

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Grafting is a successful method of propagation of cultivated apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). However, the most suitable grafting date and wrapping material have not been well understood. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of grafting dates and wrapping materials on grafting success of royal delicious apple at Horticulture Research Station, Jumla of Karnali Province. The experiment was laid out in Two Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments span four grafting dates (25th February, 4th March, 11th March, and 18th March of 2018) and two wrapping materials (grafting tape and normal plastic). Data for different parameters were taken at 60 days after grafting (DAG) and 90 DAG. The results revealed that the treatment of grafting date March 11 and grafting tape recorded minimum days (24.38) for first sprouting, minimum days (28.88) for 50% sprouting, maximum success percentage (92.51%), maximum increment in length (54.88 cm), and highest number of fully opened leaves (23.62) of grafted scions at 90 DAG. The results indicate that the suitable time for grafting of royal delicious apple is between 1st and 2nd weeks of March and suitable wrapping materials is grafting tape. The orchard or nursery owners of Jumla are suggested to carry out grafting in first half of March and to use grafting tape as wrapping material of graft.

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Mondal, Chandan Kumar, Prabir Kumar Garain, Nilendu Jyoti Maitra, and Atit Maji. "Bio-friendly management of Guava fruit fly (Bactrocera correcta Bezzi) through wrapping technique." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.616.

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Fruit fly (Bactrocera correcta Bezzi) is the major pest of Guava grown in Baruipur region of West Bengal, contributing upto 90% yield loss. The present study was undertaken during 2011-12 at farmers’ field to validate the wrapping of individual fruits at tree and to standardize the wrapping material and the correct technique of wrapping. Performance of nine different types of wrapping materials (butter paper bag, polypropylene bag of 20μ gauge with and without paper piece inside, non-woven poly fabric bags of white, green and blue colour with 20 gsm and 40 gsm thickness) along with two chemical approaches were studied against untreated control. Fruit fly infestation varied between 1.32 % and 17.31% in all treatments using wrapping materials and 13.14% in case of combined use of pheromone trap (Bacu lure) and Dichlorvos spray as compared to 21.71% in sole use of Dichlorvos and 66.67% in control plots. Wrapping resulted in increased weight of individual fruits (112.58 g in butter paper bag compared to 68.40 g in control). Wrapping with transparent polypropylene bags (20μ gauge) with partial paper cover inside, resulted in lowest yield loss (1.66%), earlier fruit maturity, better fruit quality (in respect of colour and glossiness), highest market price (`30 per kg) and highest net profit (`1.357 lakh/ha). This material is durable enough to be reused for 4-5 times. The partial paper cover helped to prevent scorching injury to the fruit as well as to control the humidity inside the polypropylene bag.

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Lee, Yu-Ki, Zhonghua Xi, Young-Joo Lee, Yun-Hyeong Kim, Yue Hao, Hongjin Choi, Myoung-Gyu Lee, et al. "Computational wrapping: A universal method to wrap 3D-curved surfaces with nonstretchable materials for conformal devices." Science Advances 6, no. 15 (April 2020): eaax6212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax6212.

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This study starts from the counterintuitive question of how we can render conventional stiff, nonstretchable, and even brittle materials sufficiently conformable to fully wrap curved surfaces, such as spheres, without failure. Here, we extend the geometrical design method of computational origami to wrapping. Our computational wrapping approach provides a robust and reliable method for fabricating conformal devices for arbitrary curved surfaces with a computationally designed nonpolyhedral developable net. This computer-aided design transforms two-dimensional (2D)–based materials, such as Si wafers and steel sheets, into various targeted conformal structures that can fully wrap desired 3D structures without fracture or severe plastic deformation. We further demonstrate that our computational wrapping approach enables a design platform that can transform conventional nonstretchable 2D-based devices, such as electroluminescent lighting and flexible batteries, into conformal 3D curved devices.

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JP, Omorodion Nnenna, and Wisdom John. "Effects of Wrapping Materials on the Microbial Population of Steam Bean Pudding (Moimoi)." Journal of Food Technology Research 9, no. 1 (April 7, 2022): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/jftr.v9i1.2955.

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The effects of wrapping materials on the microbial population of Moimoi were assessed. A total of thirty samples of wrapped Moimoi of plastic, waterproof and aluminum foil was collected from food vending sites located in Choba. The samples were taken to the laboratory and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The total prevalence of bacteria that occurred from foil Moimoi were Micrococus (35%), Bacillus (25%) , Staphylococcus (20%) and Proteus (20%). The total prevalence of bacteria obtained on plastic Moimoi were Staphylococcus (27%), Bacillus subtilis (23%) Proteus sp (23%), Micrococcus sp (13%) and Bacillus cereus (14%). Total prevalence obtained from nylon Moimoi were Staphylococcus (27%), Bacillus cereus (23%), Proteus (18%), Micrococcus (18%) and Bacillus subtilis (14%). The mean total bacteria count, Staphylococcus count and coliform count obtained ranged from 9.8 x103 - 1.35 x103 cfu/g. The result of the study further shows that most of the gram-positive isolates such as Staphylococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were resistant to antibiotics of ceftriaxone, cloxacillin, Augmentin, ceftazidime and cefuroxime while the gram-negative bacteria isolated Proteus sp was resistance to Augmentin and cefuroxime but susceptible to gentamycin, erythromycin and cefuroxime. Contamination of these wrapped Moimoi samples is due to poor personal hygiene and sanitation among food handlers. To prevent outbreak of food poisoning, users of this wrapping materials should wash wrapping materials with clean water before using and food in these wrapping materials should be consumed immediately to reduce multiplication of microorganisms.

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Jha, Amit Kumar, and Samir E. Topno. "Effect of Different Packaging Materials and Various Levels of Nanosilver on Cut Rose." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 12 (May 10, 2023): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i122963.

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An experiment was conducted in CRD, in which two factors were evaluated viz., different wrapping materials and different levels of Silver Nano Particles were taken to observe the effect of shelf life of cut rose. Different levels of SNP were at 10,20,30, and 40 ppm along with wrapping materials such as- Butter paper, LDPE, aluminium foil and newspaper as control used in refrigerated condition. Present study concluded that cut roses had longest shelf life at 30 ppm NS (Nano Silver) and BC ratio was highest in T 16 (AF + 0 ppm NSP).

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B., Srinu, Manohar Rao A., V. Joshi K., H. K. Sharma, and Narender Reddy S. "Effect of Wrapping Materials Combination of Growth Regulators on Physical Characters and Storage Life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv Red Lady." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 3C (September 2023): 1969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/qabw4629.

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The experiment was conducted to assess the effect of different wrapping materials and growth regulators on physical characters, storage life and quality of papaya cv Red lady was stored at room temperature during the investigated. The fruits are harvested best treatment of INM (i.e 75% RDF+10 kg vermicompost + 100 g Azotobacter + 100 g PSB plant-1) fruits harvested dipped in different growth regulators and combined with packaging materials imposed in the present investigation showed lowest loss in weight (PLW) in fruits treated with CaCl2 @ 3.0% and packed with news paper (7.65%), whereas, highest PLW was found in control (38.93%). Maximum fruit firmness was observed in the fruits treated with T1- CaCl2 @ 3.0% and wrapping with news paper (2.03 kg cm-2) and T1 recorded significantly minimum spoilage (23.34%) over other treatments. Maximum TSS recorded in T7 control (10.80 OBrix). The storage life was found maximum in T1 - fruits dipped in CaCl2 @ 3.0% and wrapping with news paper (17.58 days) and followed by T3- GA3 @ 100 ppm and wrapping with news paper (16.25 days). However, control has shown poor storage life (9.00 days).

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Meng, G. W., L. D. Zhang, C. M. Mo, S. Y. Zhang, Y. Qin, S. P. Feng, and H. J. Li. "Preparation of β–SiC Nanorods with and Without Amorphous SiO2 Wrapping Layers." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 9 (September 1998): 2533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0353.

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Preparation of β–SiC nanorods with and without amorphous SiO2 wrapping layers was achieved by carbothermal reduction of sol-gel derived silica xerogels containing carbon nanoparticles. The β–SiC nanorods with amorphous SiO2 wrapping layers were obtained by carboreduction at 1650 °C for 1.5 h, and at the end of 1.5 h the temperature was steeply raised to 1800 °C and held for 30 min; they are typically up to 20 µm in length. The diameters of the center thinner β–SiC nanorods within the amorphous SiO2 wrapping layers are in the range 10–30 nm, while the outer diameters of the corresponding amorphous SiO2 wrapping layers are between 20 and 70 nm. The β–SiC nanorods without amorphous SiO2 wrapping layers were produced by carbothermal reduction only at 1650 °C for 2.5 h, and their diameters are in agreement with those of the center thinner β–SiC nanorods wrapped in amorphous SiO2 layers. Large quantities of SiC rod nuclei and the nanometer-sized nucleus sites on carbon nanoparticles are both favorable to the formation of much thinner β–SiC nanorods. The formation of the outer amorphous SiO2 wrapping layer is from the combination reaction of decomposed SiO vapor and O2.

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Sakurai, Hiroaki, Masayuki Watanabe, Isao Inoue, Toru Yairi, Hajime Koshiishi, and Katutosi Motizuki. "Wrapping with Fancy Paper. Studies on Wrapping Technology by Profile Wrappers." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 51, no. 4 (1997): 623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.51.623.

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Shirai, Atsuya, Masato Miyauchi, and Yukio Nakanishi. "Evaluation Method for Paper Materials Used in Wrapping Cigarettes." Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi 53, no. 11 (2006): 572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.53.572.

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Islam, F., A. Islam, MAZ Al Munsur, and MA Rahim. "Shelf Life and Quality of Guava cv. Kazi as Affected by Stages of Ripening, Storage Temperature and Wrapping Materials." Progressive Agriculture 19, no. 2 (November 10, 2013): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16906.

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The experiment was conducted to study the shelf life and quality as affected by different stages of ripening, storage temperature as well as wrapping materials fruits of guava cv. Kazi. All the studied parameters except marketability increased for a certain storage period and then declined due to the effect of stages of ripening and wrapping materials (perforated and non perforated white and black polythene bag), while in case of storage temperature, there was gradual increase of physiological weight loss, sugar content (reducing, non-reducing and total sugar) and TSS content. Marketability decreased markedly with the advancement of storage period. All stages of ripening and all wrapping materials were able to keep fruits in marketable condition for 36 days of storage period. But fruits were in better marketable condition when harvested at stage 3 (ripe, yellowish green in colour and crispy pulp) or wrapped with black non-perforated polythene. 5ºC storage temperature, was able to retain more percentage of fruits in marketable condition with longer storage duration. In case of treatment combinations, fruits harvested at stage 3, stored at 5ºC temperature with black non-perforated polythene had the highest physiological weight loss, sugar content (reducing, non-reducing and total sugar) and TSS content while stage1 fruits stored at 20ºC with no wrapping (control) had the lowest.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16906 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 1 - 12, 2008

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Singh, A. K., Ranju Kumari, Divya Tiwari, N. Y. Azmi, and J. N. Singh. "Effect of Chemical Treatment and Wrapping Materials on Physico-Chemical Properties and Storage Life of Litchi Fruits (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Cv. Shahi." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 48 (December 30, 2023): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i484343.

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Litchi fruits have poor shelf life and losses its commercial value within two days after harvest. Several physiological and chemical changes take place which reduces the quality of fruits at room temperature. To overcome these problems, the experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, BHU, Varanasi to find out the effect of post-harvest application of hot water treatment and dipping in different concentrations of calcium nitrate (1 %, 1.5% and 2 %) for five minutes followed by fruit wrapping in newspaper and perforated polythene on physico-chemical changes and storage life of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Shahi. Fruits without treatment were considered as control. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications and observations were recorded on alternate days up to 13 days of storage. It was observed that fruits treated with 2.0% calcium nitrate in combination with perforated polythene bags recorded minimum losses due to spoilage percentage (12.15%), minimum decrease in fruit size (length- 4.97% and breadth- 5.49%) as compared to control on 11th day of storage. Significantly minimum pH (5.1) change and the best economic life up to 11th day of storage were recorded in perforated polythene wrapping with different concentration of calcium nitrate. Total Sugar Content (17.00%) was recorded significantly highest in polythene wrapping along with 1.5 and 2.0% calcium nitrate. Less loss in volume (17.58%) was recorded in fruits treated with hot water along with polythene wrapping. Based on the above observations, it can be suggested that fruit dipping in calcium nitrate at 2.0 percent concentration with polythene wrapping (20% vent) gives better results for extending the storage life of litchi fruit at room temperature.

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Li, Yuan, Hong Xie, and Hongqiong Deng. "Influence of Clothing Materials on Protective Performance in Tennis." Journal of Business Administration Research 6, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v6n2p27.

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The main objective of this study is to analyze influence of clothing materials on protective performance in tennis sportswear. Firstly, the paper presented a human protection model on tennis, and deduced two evaluation parameters to describe protection performance. Secondly, the experimental objects wore different gears made by different fabrics for tennis serve and the experiment data was collected to analyze the gears’ protection performance. Thickness, elasticity, fabric composite methods and wrapping types were set as independent variables of the gears. The ANOVA shows that these factors are of great significance to change the evaluation parameters of the upper limbs joints. Thickness of fabrics is more significant (P<0.01) on evaluation parameters than that of elasticity, especially for elbow (P<0.01), while elastic of fabric only affects peak momentum of elbow and wrist, but not obvious. The wrapping ways of pads are important factors to peak momentum changes. This research shows clothing material is an important element to design protective tennis gears.

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Malpani, Pooja S., Supritha M Y, and Gayathri S. Shivakumar. "Retrofitting Techniques of Columns: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Materials." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27433.

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Column retrofitting is a critical aspect of structural maintenance and improvement. It ensures that existing structures remain safe, resilient, and adaptable to evolving needs, contributing to the longevity and sustainability of the built environment. It is essential to maintain or enhance the structural integrity of buildings and infrastructure, ensuring their continued safety, resilience, and functionality. In such cases, columns may not meet current safety codes, and it becomes essential to bring them up to contemporary standards and ensure compliance with building codes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the methods of retrofitting, like steel jacketing, wrapping, concrete jacketing and bracing. For these advanced methods materials used in retrofitting techniques and advanced methods for column retrofitting, as it addresses various challenges associated with existing structures. Key Words: Retrofitting, Steel Jacketing, CFRP Wrapping, concrete jacketing.

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Tang, Peiqi, and Dongwu Yang. "Static properties analysis of fiber optic wire wrapping." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2578, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2578/1/012027.

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Abstract To improve the quality of fiber optic wire wrapping, the influence of each parameter of fiber optic wire wrapping on the stress distribution of wire wrapping is studied, and the mechanical properties of fiber optic wire wrapping are simulated based on the principle of fine mechanics of composite materials. Solid elements are used for modeling through finite element analysis, and the problem of using ANSYS to solve the wire package is initially solved by establishing a 1° model for analysis and calculation. The results show that the core cylinder slightly, core cylinder radius, and fiber diameter have no effect on the stress distribution state of the fiber in the wire pack, but if the core cylinder stiffness increases, the minimum stress value of the wire pack will also increase, and the minimum stress area of the fiber unit tends to be far from the core cylinder surface.

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Archana, D. P., H. N. Jagannatha Reddy, N. Jeevan, R. Prabhakara, M. U. Aswath, and Basavaraju Paruti. "Natural Jute Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite System for Posttensioned Beam Strengthening in Flexure." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (November 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2905150.

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Existing structures require repair and strengthening owing to degradation caused by incorrect design and construction, environmental impacts, or structural upgradation to meet new seismic design standards or to correct execution problems that occurred during construction. These strengthening requirements can be satisfied by a variety of strengthening techniques. The creation of a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite system offers a new design method for the strengthening of existing structures. In this study, posttensioned beams are strengthened by using sustainable materials such as natural jute fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The performance of these composite systems in the flexural strengthening of posttensioned beams was used to assess their effectiveness. Consequential result for longitudinal reinforcement throughout the length of the beam for flexural strengthening was evaluated. Flexural performance, crack width, ductility, and load-deflection relationship study of control beams (Scheme A) and retrofitted beams (Schemes B and C) under different wrappings were considered in the investigation. An experimental study depicts that using the full wrapping (FW) technique increases the flexural strength of PSC beams wrapped in JFRP by 23% and, by using the strip wrapping (SW) technique, the flexural strength is increased by 10%. The JFRP composite system of strengthening has shown the highest deformability index and showed that the JFRP material has enormous potential as a structural strengthening material.

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SÜMER, Yusuf, and Wallaa SHINNO. "EFFECTS OF WRAPPING WITH FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER MATERIALS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS." INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES 21 (2023): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17366/uhmfd.2023.21.2.

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Aim: Increasing the resistance of reinforced concrete load-supporting components to external loads or restoring their original strength by utilizing fiber-reinforced composite materials has become an increasingly utilized technique in recent years. Because this process provides a wrapping effect on the concrete, it effectively boosts the element's strength and contributes to shear strength and energy absorption capacity. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive FEM investigation on the behavior of axially loaded square reinforced concrete columns with rounder corners that have been strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer CFRP wraps. First, a finite element model verified by experimental work, which allows laboratory experiments to be carried out in a computer environment, was obtained using ABAQUS software. 27 square reinforced concrete columns measuring 200*200*1100 mm were modelled and analysis was carried out using a non-linear finite element analysis. Three parameters of concrete strength, type of wrapping (full and partial) and the distance between stirrups were considered. According to the analysis results, significant increases were observed in the compressive strength of square reinforced concrete columns wrapped with CFRP compared to the unwrapped columns. It has been determined that full wrapping of the column increases the strength more than 3 times compared to ½ wrapping. It was found that the increase in ductility was relatively limited. Method: First, a numerical model of an experimental study from the literature was generated in the computer environment utilizing the non-linear finite element approach in this study. A parametric analysis was then performed to test the column strengths under various conditions in order to acquire extensive data. ABAQUS finite element software was used to examine all numerical models developed for the parametric study under axial load. Results: According to the parametric study results, fully wrapped columns performed significantly better than strip wrapped columns. It was determined that as the concrete strength increased, the strength of the confined columns increased more than twice. Conclusion: The numerical model implemented using ABAQUS finite element software confirmed the axial loaded column experiment obtained from the literature with an acceptable approximation. Parametric study conducted with the proposed finite element model showed that the percentage of wrapping with FRP composites plays an important role in increasing the axial load-carrying capacity of the column.

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Houck, Laurie G., Joel F. Jenner, Daniel S. Moreno, and Bruce E. Mackey. "Permeability of Polymer Film Wraps for Citrus Fruit Fumigated with Hydrogen Cyanide to Control California Red Scale." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 2 (March 1989): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.2.287.

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Abstract Permeability to the postharvest fumigant hydrogen cyanide (HCN) varied markedly among 13 plastic film-wrapping materials. Permeability was determined by comparing California red scale [Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)] (CRS) surviving fumigation on film-wrapped and nonwrapped, insect-infested, fruit. HCN transmission rates for several films also were determined by a permeation cell technique. Some films partially restricted passage of the fumigant to the fruit and CRS survival was high, while permeability of other films differed little from unrestricted exposure on nonwrapped fruit and CRS survival was low. For films with low permeability to HCN, increasing the HCN concentration or the length of fumigation time are possible methods of increasing the amount of HCN that penetrates to the fruit for control of quarantined insects. The permeability of film wrapping materials to fumigants should be a prime consideration when selecting films for wrapping citrus fruit in quarantine situations.

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Mayrhofer-Schmid, Maximilian, Tess T. Klemm, Martin Aman, Ulrich Kneser, Kyle R. Eberlin, Leila Harhaus, and Arne H. Boecker. "Shielding the Nerve: A Systematic Review of Nerve Wrapping to Prevent Adhesions in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Model." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 10 (September 24, 2023): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13101431.

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Background: Peripheral nerve pathology is frequently encountered in clinical practice among peripheral nerve and extremity surgeons. One major factor limiting nerve regeneration and possibly leading to revision surgeries is the development of traumatic or postoperative adhesions and scarring around nerves. In experimental models, different materials have been studied to limit scar tissue formation when wrapped around nerves. Methods: A systematic review of studies describing nerve-wrapping materials in a non-transectional rat sciatic nerve model was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature describing nerve-wrapping methods for the prevention of peripheral nerve scarring in rat sciatic nerve models was identified using PubMed and Web of Science, scanned for relevance and analyzed. Results: A total of 15 original articles describing 23 different materials or material combinations for nerve wrapping were included. The heterogeneity of the methods used did not allow a meta-analysis, thus, a systematic review was performed. Out of 28 intervention groups, 21 demonstrated a preventive effect on scar tissue formation in at least one qualitative or quantitative assessment method. Conclusions: The analyzed literature describes a variety of materials from different origins to limit peripheral nerve scarring and adhesions. Thus, a scar-preventive effect by wrapping peripheral nerves as adhesion prophylaxis seems likely. However, a quantitative comparison of the studies to identify the optimal material or technique is not possible with the diversity of used models and study designs. Therefore, further research needs to be performed to identify the optimal nerve wraps to be used routinely in clinical practice.

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UCHIDA, Hitoshi, Masayoshi KATO, Kiyoshi TAJIMA, and Nobuhiro HAGIWARA. "Evaluation of Ease of Use of Different Root-Wrapping Materials." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 58, no. 5 (1994): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.58.5_81.

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Parker, Anthony P., Edward Troiano, and John H. Underwood. "Stresses Within Compound Tubes Comprising a Steel Liner and an External Carbon-Fiber Wrapped Laminate." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1845472.

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There is increasing interest in techniques that permit weight reduction of thick cylinders, particularly gun barrels. The method examined within this paper involves the external wrapping of a carbon fiber-based laminate jacket around a steel liner. Various design options are examined, e.g., prior autofrettage of a steel liner followed by external tension wrapping and benign wrapping of a stress-free steel liner followed by autofrettage of the assembly. Outcomes include optimum overstrain and machining of the steel liner, identification of a potential “crushing” failure mode due to radial compressive stresses and techniques for application of tension wrapping which optimize hoop stress within the composite jacket. Finally, possible combinations of fiber orientations are discussed.

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Conti Nibali, V., S. Pezzotti, F. Sebastiani, D. R. Galimberti, G. Schwaab, M. Heyden, M. P. Gaigeot, and M. Havenith. "Wrapping Up Hydrophobic Hydration: Locality Matters." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 11, no. 12 (May 27, 2020): 4809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00846.

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Manoj, Aiswarya, and Dhanya Sathyan. "Strengthening of concrete square column using FRP composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012206.

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Abstract Strength and energy absorption capacity are the important parameter for axially loaded column. This paper investigates the strength of unconfined square concrete column and externally confined square column with fiber-reinforced (FRP) composites with synthetic carbon fiber and natural banana fiber. This type of strengthening of column is widely accepted in practice. Axial strength test is performed on confined square column with different parameters such as number of layers of FRP materials, wrapping patters like full wrapping, center wrapping and hybrid pattern. Both natural and synthetic fibers are used for FRP-confined square concrete column. It was found that external confinement using FRP material improved the axial-load carrying capacity, load-deformation and ductility of the square column compared to the unconfined square column.

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A, Akhil Kumar, and Narendra Kumar B. "Amplifying Column Resilience and Retrofitting of Nano Defects: A Profound Review of Advanced Wrapping Methodologies." NanoNEXT 4, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/nnxt2331.

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In order to sustain the vertical load and guarantee the stability of various constructed environments, structural columns are essential. These columns can lose their integrity over time as a result of things like age, corrosion, seismic activity, or modifications in the conditions under which they are loaded unlike designed results in nano defects. If this is the case, conventional techniques of rehabilitation and strengthening might not be adequate to help them return to their prior levels of performance. Nowadays, wrapping techniques have become one of the most efficient and cutting-edge methods for improving the load-bearing capacity, ductility, and longevity of columns. The numerous wrapping techniques used to strengthen and refit columns to lengthen their useful lives are thoroughly analyzed in this paper. The objective is to provide a complete understanding of the concepts, elements, and practical uses related to different wrapping strategies. Steel, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), soft computing methods, and hybrid materials are some of the strategies that are currently being looked at. The fundamental physics of column wrapping, such as stress redistribution, confinement, and interactions between the material used for wrapping and the host column's structure are listed. The review additionally emphasizes how important suitable design, material selection, installation strategies, and quality control methods are to the successful implementation of column wrapping techniques. Numerous kinds of factors, such as the environment, loading patterns, and long-term performance, have been taken into account to shed light on the resilience and sustainability of wrapped columns. The detailed examination of wrapping techniques in this article offers a comprehensive picture of the most significant present progress and potential in the field of column strengthening, improving the overall toughness and resilience of built structures.

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Stankiewicz, Anna. "Model-Based Analysis of Stretch Film Consumption for Wrapping Cylindrical Baled Silage Using Combined 3D Method." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 3 (2019): 803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13198.

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Abstract. A combined method for wrapping round (i.e., cylindrical) bales of agricultural materials based on biaxial rotation of the film applicators is considered in this study. A complete mathematical model is derived describing the consumption of the film used to wrap the bales that can be applied for film consumption estimation and design purposes. The bale and film dimensions, mechanical properties of the stretch film described by Poisson ratio and unit deformation, dimensionless relative overlap ratios determining the width of the contact area between adjacent film strips, and the assumed number of nominal film layers are taken into account. There is a need for good understanding of the influence of the wrapping process parameters on film consumption so that this method can be applied with lower cost and less damage to the environment. Based on the derived model, insight is obtained into the influence of the film width and wrapping parameters on film consumption when the combined method is used. Robustness on disturbances of the wrapping process, which lead to parameter uncertainty, is examined, and a simple algorithm for robust design of the overlaps of the bottom film layers is developed. The alternative method for wrapping round bales is the conventional method used by bale wrappers with a rotating table or with rotating arms. In this study, film consumption is compared between the combined and conventional wrapping methods. The combined wrapping method may offer substantial advantages in reduced film use compared with the conventional method. The potential reduction in film usage depends on the bale, film, and wrapping parameters. Without the proper choice of parameters, film consumption may be unjustifiably high. The model-based necessary and sufficient conditions for film usage reduction are obtained under typical assumptions concerning the bale and film parameters as well as the wrapping process parameters. No specific assumptions are made concerning the assumed number of film layers. The results concerning film usage reduction are written in the form of mathematical inequalities in terms of film, bale, and wrapping parameters. The stated conditions are useful for film consumption analysis and provide easy-to-use tools for analytical and numerical design of bale wrapping processes. A fast scheme is proposed for determining if the considered film parameters, together with the assumed number of film layers, could result in reduced film usage. For the algorithms, the executable and readable source codes are written in Matlab. Model-based simulations provide valuable insight into the underlying processes of film consumption and are shown to be useful for wrapping process design. To ensure a fair comparison, four to ten film layers are considered. Keywords: Baled silage, Film usage reduction, Mathematical models, Robustness, Stretch-wrap film consumption.

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Marleen, I. Wayan Niryana, Made Bhuwana Putra, Tiffany, and Yosi Wanda Kusuma. "Aneurysm Wrapping as an Adjunct of Clipping of a Premature Rupture of the Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm." Neurologico Spinale Medico Chirurgico 7, no. 1 (January 2024): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nsmc.nsmc_34_23.

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Aneurysms, abnormal dilatations on cerebral arterial walls, pose a significant health concern due to the morbidity and mortality associated with ruptures causing subarachnoid hemorrhage. The risk of rupture is influenced by aneurysm size and location. Surgical clipping is the preferred treatment, especially for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms, despite recent endovascular advancements. Intraoperative premature rupture poses a critical challenge, requiring swift decision-making and efficient management techniques. We describe a case of an intraoperative premature aneurysm rupture managed with muscular wrapping as an adjunct to microsurgical clipping. The patient, with a history of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma, underwent urgent microsurgical clipping for a left MCA aneurysm. Premature rupture occurred during clipping, necessitating the use of a muscle patch and fibrin glue for wrapping. The wrapping technique, originally developed for unruptured aneurysms, induces fibrotic scar formation, enhancing vascular stability. Cotton, a common wrapping material, elicits chronic inflammation. Autologous tissues and synthetic materials, like muscle, offer alternatives with potential benefits. Factors associated with increased rupture risk include aneurysm location, irregular shape, and prior rupture. Vigilance and preparedness are crucial, especially for high-risk cases. As the availability of computed tomography scans increases, more aneurysm cases are diagnosed, requiring comprehensive patient assessments before interventions. The presented case demonstrates the effectiveness of on-site wrapping in controlling premature rupture. The combined use of muscle patch and fibrin glue postaneurysmal clipping may assist in preventing rebleeding events. Intraoperative ruptures demand careful consideration, and the described wrapping technique provides a valuable option for managing such complications.

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AL-Bukhaiti, Khalil, Liu Yanhui, Zhao Shichun, Hussien Abas, and Dong Aoran. "Dynamic Equilibrium of CFRP-RC Square Elements under Unequal Lateral Impact." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2021): 3591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133591.

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Building structure regularly needs reinforcement due to damage, specification requirements, and functional changes; carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in structural reinforcement due to its high strength, lightweight, good corrosion resistance and easy construction. The regular square section reinforced concrete frame elements strengthened by CFRP material are taken as the research object. The dynamic response of CFRP to reinforced concrete elements under unequal lateral impact was discussed. This technical paper demonstrates that the test elements are subject to the bending failure mode, and the impact point and the near impact point support are severely damaged areas; the transversely wrapped elements are more abruptly broken, and the longitudinal wrapping elements and the number of wrapping layers can effectively reduce the level of damage. Analysis of the impact, deflection, and strain time history curves obtained in the test show that the wrapping mode and the number of layers have less influence on the impact force peak; the longitudinally wrapped elements and the plateau segment take longer. Dynamic equilibrium principle equation was proposed based on the experimental results. The horizontal partition plateau segment fluctuates greatly; the number of vertical wrap layers increases the plateau value. The larger the number of layers, the smaller the deflection caused by the impact. The longitudinal wrapping can effectively transmit the force.

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Raj, Gaddam Pruthvi, and Kolluru V. L. Subramaniam. "Experimental Investigation on Strengthening of Soft Clay Brick Masonry Columns under Compression with Fiber-Reinforced Inorganic and Organic Matrixes." Key Engineering Materials 916 (April 7, 2022): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4l0u65.

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Masonry made with soft clay brick is commonly used in gravity load bearing of construction in India. The masonry piers and walls typically fail by vertical splitting. The purpose of this study is to improve the strength of masonry columns under compression using wrapping for additional confinement. The compressive load carrying performance and capacity of masonry columns wrapped with fiber reinforced composites in organic and inorganic matrixes are compared. For the purpose of overall improvements in cost and durability, glass and basalt fiber reinforcement is used. 30-40% improvement in the compressive performance of masonry prisms was achieved for both Organic and Inorganic matrixes. However, the specimens with inorganic matrixes were found to exhibit higher ductility compared to organic matrixes. Glass fibers were found to be more effective in wrapping masonry specimens compared to Basalt fiber specimens owing to its higher fiber count per unit length. Analytical models for predicting the compressive capacity of masonry columns with wrapping are verified against the experimental results.

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Kobluk, C. N., Patricia Walter, A. Michelle Trent, C. Libbey, R. Salazar, and Sally McCarville. "Thermographic Evaluation of the Effect of Three Bandage Products and Two Bandage Application Methods on Perfusion of the Equine Distal Extremity." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 03, no. 02 (1990): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633230.

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SummaryThermography was used to evaluate the effects of the circulation on the distal equine limb of three wrapping materials (Vetrap® Tape, Equisport™ Equine Support Bandage (ESB) and 1680 denier experimental bandage). The wraps were applied at 100% stretch in a spiral or figure 8 technique. The Vetrap Tape and the ESB applied in a figure 8 technique were not statistically different from the control suggesting no circulatory impairment; however, the ESB and 1680 denier bandage wrapped in a spiral technique had a statistically significant effect suggesting circulatory impairment.Thermography was used to evaluate the effects of the circulation on the distal equine limb of three wrapping materials and two methods of application.

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Paulsen, Joseph D. "Wrapping Liquids, Solids, and Gases in Thin Sheets." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013533.

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Many objects in nature and industry are wrapped in a thin sheet to enhance their chemical, mechanical, or optical properties. Similarly, there are a variety of methods for wrapping, from pressing a film onto a hard substrate to inflating a closed membrane, to spontaneously wrapping droplets using capillary forces. Each of these settings raises challenging nonlinear problems involving the geometry and mechanics of a thin sheet, often in the context of resolving a geometric incompatibility between two surfaces. Here, we review recent progress in this area, focusing on highly bendable films that are nonetheless hard to stretch, a class of materials that includes polymer films, metal foils, textiles, and graphene, as well as some biological materials. Significant attention is paid to two recent advances: a novel isometry that arises in the doubly-asymptotic limit of high flexibility and weak tensile forcing, and a simple geometric model for predicting the overall shape of an interfacial film while ignoring small-scale wrinkles, crumples, and folds.

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Song, Xianyu, Chongzhi Qiao, Teng Zhao, Bo Bao, Shuangliang Zhao, Jing Xu, and Honglai Liu. "Membrane Wrapping Pathway of Injectable Hydrogels: From Vertical Capillary Adhesion to Lateral Compressed Wrapping." Langmuir 35, no. 32 (July 11, 2019): 10631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01395.

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Park, Choon Wook, Ik Hun Park, Dong Hwi Kim, and Yeol Choi. "Seismic Retrofitting of School Facilities Using Attaching and Wrapping Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.155.

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An experimental and analytical study have been conducted for the shear reinforcing method of RC beam by axis and horizontal axis load using attaching composite beam. Based on the previous research, in this study, Design examples are given to show the performance evaluation for the column reinforcing of old school buildings using nonlinear analysis is going to be conducted and strengthening method is going to be on the market after their performance is proved by the test.

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Scheu, S., H. Kaspar, P. Robmann, A. van der Schaaf, and P. Truöl. "Studies on wrapping materials and light collection geometries in plastic scintillators." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 567, no. 1 (November 2006): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.153.

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Royaux, Adeline, Emilande Apchain, Isabelle Fabre-Francke, Nathalie Balcar, Gilles Barabant, Clémentine Bollard, Bertrand Lavédrine, Odile Fichet, and Sophie Cantin. "Conservation of plasticized PVC artifacts in museums: Influence of wrapping materials." Journal of Cultural Heritage 46 (November 2020): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.07.002.

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Rini, Rini, Yulian Fakhrurrozi, and Dian Akbarini. "PEMANFAATAN DAUN SEBAGAI PEMBUNGKUS MAKANAN TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT BANGKA (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Merawang)." EKOTONIA: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, Botani, Zoologi dan Mikrobiologi 2, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ekotonia.v2i1.465.

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One of food materials wrappings used are leaves. The leaves are natural and safe material to wrap foods. The use of materials are traditional knowledge is very valuable and including culture wealth. It must be give more attention to perpetuated and developed. This research was taked from April to Desember 2015 in Merawang district Bangka regency. Data colecting tecnic in this research were interview and direct observation, determining informans and location with purposive tecnic. The result of research showed to consist of 12 type from 7 plants family that it’s leaves used as traditional foods wrapping by people Merawang district Bangka regency. Plants species used is Arenga pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Nypa fruticans, Areca cathecu (Arecaceae); Dillenia suffruticosa (Dilleniaceae); Curculigo capitulata (Hypoxidaceae); Musa paradisiaca (Musaceae); Pandanus furcatus, Pandanus tectorius, Pandanus amaryllifolius (Pandanaceae); Bambusa sp. (Poaceae); and Etlingera sp. (Zingiberaceae). Arecaceae family plant is the most plant type is used. The plant type which is often used is banana leaves, namely used to 16 foods type

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Konevtsova, Olga V., Daria S. Roshal, Vladimir P. Dmitriev, and Sergei B. Rochal. "Carbon nanotube sorting due to commensurate molecular wrapping." Nanoscale 12, no. 29 (2020): 15725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr03236k.

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Sa'aya, Nurul Syahirah Nasuha, Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon, Norli Abdullah, and Norhana Abdul Halim. "Morphology Studies of SWCNT Dispersed in Conducting Polymer as Potential Sensing Materials." Solid State Phenomena 317 (May 2021): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.317.189.

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Novel electronic nanomaterial, the carbon nanotube (CNT) has emerged in many sensor applications as such its state dispersion has considerable importance to ensure the sustainability of its electronic properties. In this paper, we reported a state of art conductivity mapping on nanostructure surface of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), (P3HT) as potential sensing film. This composite is proposed to give selective analyte anchoring across the film as well as improved carrier mobility. The easy solution processing method was chosen to produce non-covalently wrapped conducting polymer onto the surface of SWCNT. We successfully observed high resolution images of the SWCNT walls that indicated increase of the thickness due to polymer wrapping. The image obtained from conductivity atomic force microscopy (CAFM) show the film’s electrical distribution that correlated with the observed nanostructure of film. Supporting optical characteristics of the nanocomposite obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy discussed the morphology of the polymer wrapping and the state of dispersion of the polymer and the nanotubes. It is hypothesized the filament structures made by P3HT/SWCNT can give better sensing performance due to modification of π-π electronic band of SWCNT.

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JHA, GYANA. "Effect of wrapping and packaging materials on fruit rot of guava (Psidium guajava Linn.)." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10054.

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In the present study, wrapping and packaging materials were evaluated for their capacity to decrease the decay losses of guava fruits during storage under ambient conditions (18-22OC and 75-80% RH) at Tej Narayan Banaili College, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur during the year 2014-2016. Results revealed that post-harvest decay loss can be minimized significantly through proper wrapping or packaging of fruits for storage. Fruits wrapped with heat-shrinkable low density polyethylene film (LDPE, 25 µm thick), or packed up to 30 days of storage in corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes exhibited low decay losses of 11.9 and 22.8 per cent, respectively. In general, the fruit loss due to fungal attack increased with increasing duration of storage. Altogether 7 fungal species were found associated with rotten fruits during the storge. Botryodiplodia theobromae, was the most prominent post-harvest rotting agent causing 37.5% fruit loss. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotia psidii and Alternaria alternata showed 30.8, 25.5 and 16.8% fruit decay losses, respectively. Aspergillus niger (10.6%) Penicillium expansum (7.0%) and Rhizopus stolonifer (4.5%) caused least per cent decay losses of guava fruits.

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Zhou, Ying, Reiko Azumi, and Satoru Shimada. "A highly durable, stretchable, transparent and conductive carbon nanotube–polymeric acid hybrid film." Nanoscale 11, no. 9 (2019): 3804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr08399a.

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van der Meer, Devaraj. "Wrapping up a century of splashes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 800 (June 29, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.328.

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Few fluid phenomena are as beautiful, fragile and ephemeral as the crown splash that is created by the impact of an object on a liquid. The crown-shaped phenomenon and the physics behind it have mesmerised and intrigued scientists for over a century, and still the scientific world has not yet uncovered all of the secrets of the splash. This is exemplified in a particularly striking manner in Marston et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 794, 2016, pp. 506–529) where a 6 m tall vacuum chamber is employed to study the splash formed upon impact of a sphere onto a deep liquid pool, at both atmospheric and reduced ambient pressures. They shed light into the classical problem of the surface seal and study the buckling of the splash. With an almost magical touch they devise a method to create a splash without the liquid and the sphere ever coming into contact. The images that accompany the paper – taken with state-of-the-art high-speed cameras – are as stunning as the physics that is uncovered in them.

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Ji, Yuan, Wang Linbing, Li Weilong, Yang Hailu, Wang Jianjun, Zhang Wenhua, and Xiong Zhenzhen. "A new EPS beads strengthening technology and its influences on axial compressive properties of concrete." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2022-0005.

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Abstract In this article, a new technology of surface wrapping and strengthening of expandable polystyrene (EPS) beads is proposed. Three wrapping materials including magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), and water-borne polyurethane (WPU) were evaluated. Four groups of uniaxial compression tests of EPS concrete specimens were conducted: the failure process and the characteristics of the specimens were analyzed; and the complete stress–strain equation is proposed based on these analyses. The research shows that the EPS beads were strengthened by wrapping, and the axial compressive strength of concrete is increased by 50–75%; the concrete with EPS beads wrapped by MPC and WPU has obvious brittleness; the concrete with EPS beads wrapped by UHPC has axial compressive strength close to that of EPS concrete wrapped with MPC and WPU but has a larger ductility coefficient (150%), a larger toughness coefficient (50–90% larger), a higher energy dissipation coefficient (40% larger), and larger residual stress. The proposed stress–strain model is in good agreement with the experimental results, which can accurately describe the stress and deformation characteristics of EPS concrete under uniaxial compression and has good applicability. The discovery of this study provides background knowledge for the structural analysis and design of this kind of concrete; it provides a basis for selecting EPS concrete as structural materials.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Wrapping materials'

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