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Journal articles on the topic 'Wright, Orville'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Crouch, Tom D. "Blaming Wilbur and Orville." Business History Review 89, no. 2 (2015): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000392.

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Few Americans can match the honors and adulation accorded Wilbur and Orville Wright. The brothers emerged as great international heroes with their first public flights in Europe and America in the high summer of 1908. They were no longer the shadowy figures whose claims to have flown an airplane as early as 1903 were widely discounted; now kings, queens, presidents, and prime ministers flocked to see them fly and showered them with awards. Newspapers on two continents chronicled their triumphal progress across Europe and return to the United States in 1909. Wilbur's death from typhoid in 1912 was reported in bold headlines around the world. In the decades that followed, the Wrights' joint achievement would be commemorated with a great national monument, enshrinement in Greenfield Village (Henry Ford's grand tribute to the heroes of American ingenuity), and membership in good standing in the pantheon of brilliant inventors whose work reshaped history.

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2

Davis, John. "Great Inventors: Wilbur and Orville Wright." 5 to 7 Educator 2010, no. 70 (October 2010): x—xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ftse.2010.9.10.79465.

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3

Stojiljković, Bratislav, and Ivana Ćirić. "The correspondence between Nikola Tesla and Orville Wright kept in the scientist's legacy in the Nikola Tesla museum: On the occasion of the 165th anniversary of the birth of Nikola Tesla." Kultura, no. 170-171 (2021): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2171219s.

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Nikola Tesla and the Wright brothers, Wilbur and Orville, have worked and created in the United States of America in the period comprising the last two decades of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. All three of them were visionaries and creators of the modern technical age. In the Tesla's legacy, apart from his personal and technical items, press clippings, monographic and serial publications, there are also about 156,000 sheets of archival material which cover his entire life and work, both chronologically and thematically. Among these testimonies there are four original documents (a concept of a condolence letter, a copy of the sent condolence letter, a brief gratitude note and a formal invitation) that were exchanged between Nikola Tesla and probably Orville Wright, between 1912 and 1920. The oldest preserved document of their correspondence is the concept of Tesla's condolence letter to Orville Wright on the occasion of the death of his older brother. Two approved patents for the Wright brothers' aircraft model have been preserved as well, which testifies of the scientist's interest in their work and aviation research in general. Researching the correspondence between Nikola Tesla and Orville Wright, as well as the other documents from the scientist's legacy preserved in the Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade, we have tried to highlight the details of his acquaintance with the Wright brothers, that is, a small fragment of his life and work which has remained almost unknown until today. Results of the research, presented in the form of a scientific research paper, contribute to a better understanding of the aviation history and reveal new details from the life stories of our renowned scientist and the two famous aviation pioneers. The publication of exclusive documents from Tesla's legacy is a contribution to the wider scientific community and a new reference point for all the researchers who are to cover similar topics in the future.

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4

McCullough, Robert N. "Calculating Coefficients." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 04 (April 1, 2004): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-apr-4.

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Wilbur and Orville Wright, both engineer brothers, studied results of Germany’s Otto Lilienthal to improve their airplane flight experiments and calculations. The Wright gliders of 1900 and 1901 used wings like Lilienthal’s, and the brothers relied on his calculations for determining coefficient of lift. When the Wrights compared their results with those of Lilienthal, they found only small disagreements. With the coefficients of lift and drag holding up to their scrutiny, the Wrights turned their attention to the only other possible source of error in the equations, the Smeaton coefficient of air pressure. The Wrights built lift balance after discovering a discrepancy between actual and predicted values for lift and drag. The brothers plotted out the relationship among lift, thrust, weight, and drag. The Wrights figured out that the margins are a tribute to their genius. Perhaps all they proved in 1903 was that flight was possible on a cold and windy day in North Carolina.

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5

Ruffles, P. C. "Aero engines of the future." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1072 (June 2003): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013610.

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One hundred and two years ago, after the Wright brothers had just attempted another unsuccessful flight, they predicted that it would be another 50 years before manned flight was achieved. Only two years later and 100 years ago this year, Orville Wright achieved the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina, illustrating just how difficult it is to predict the future and at the same time launching the pioneering age of aviation.

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6

Trimble, William F., and Fred Howard. "Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers." Journal of American History 75, no. 2 (September 1988): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1887956.

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7

Crouch, Tom D., and Fred Howard. "Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers." American Historical Review 94, no. 5 (December 1989): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906558.

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8

Bednarek, Janet R. Daly (Janet Rose Daly). "The Published Writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright (review)." Technology and Culture 43, no. 3 (2002): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2002.0101.

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9

Baker, Bill, and Tom Crouch. "The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright." Antioch Review 48, no. 1 (1990): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4612166.

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10

Gollin, Alfred, and Tom Crouch. "The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright." Technology and Culture 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106038.

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11

Crouch, T. D. "The Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers at the Library of Congress." Journal of American History 93, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4486223.

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12

Cheloukhina, S. V. "“The Wright Brothers” by Mikhail Zenkevich: Correspondence with Orville Wright and Other Contributors (1932–1933): New Archival Findings." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 16, no. 1 (2021): 48–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2021-1-48-78.

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As a result of the latest findings in the archives of Russia and the United States, the correspondence between Mikhail Zenkevich and Orville Wright is published for the first time (the originals in English are supplemented with the Russian translations). This correspondence was conducted between 1932–1933, which correlates to the time period Zenkevich was working on the first biography of the pioneer aviators in Russian, Brat’ia Rait (The Wright Brothers, 1933). Also included are excerpts from the letters of foreign literati and colleagues, such as Michael Gold, Harold Heslop, Maurice Becker, Helen Black, as well as domestic correspondents, K. K. Kuraev among them. The article deliberates upon the direct influence of the materials provided by O. Wright on the book. A review of the holdings on the theme of aviation in Zenkevich’s fund (IRLI Pushkinskii Dom) is provided. The examination of the little- known biographical details, as well as the parts of the poet’s epistolary legacy and his prosaic works, adds to the analysis. Taken together, this all has allowed for substantiation of certain presumptions about other possible sources of the book. The article interprets some literary features of Brat’ia Rait by tracing the development of the theme of aviation in the earlier poems by this former Acmeist, and by drawing parallels with some of his later short and long poems, such as “Al’timetr. Tragorel’ef” (Altimeter. Tragic Relief) and “Torzhestvo aviatsii” (The Triumph of Aviation), and a short novel “Na strezhen’” (On the River Bend) and fictional memoirs Muzhitskii Sfinks (The Peasant Sphinx). Finally, some intertextual parallels between “The Triumph of Aviation” and Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven,” translated by Zenkevich, are revealed. The conclusion is made that the materials received from O. Wright have subsequently influenced the long poem “The Triumph of Aviation” and other works by Zenkevich. The publication is equipped with detailed notes, commentaries and illustrations.

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13

Padfield, G. D., and B. Lawrence. "The birth of flight control: An engineering analysis of the Wright brothers’ 1902 glider." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1078 (December 2003): 697–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013464.

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Summary In the autumn of 1902 the Wright brothers spent just over eight weeks at their test site in the Kill Devil Hills near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, testing their third Glider design. During the trial period they implemented an inter-linked roll-yaw control system. Together with the forward canard surface, this gave them control over vertical and horizontal components of the flight path. They were also able to hone and perfect their piloting skills. In just two days in the final week, they made about 250 glides. The success of the trials instilled the confidence in the Wright brothers to proceed rapidly to the construction of a powered aircraft. Within a month of returning to Dayton, they were writing to engine manufacturers with their specification – an engine that would develop eight to nine brake horse power, weigh no more than 180lb and be free from vibration; they would not find a suitable powerplant and had to design and build their own. The invention of the powered aeroplane in 1903 somewhat overshadows the earlier critical flight control developments, but the birth of flight control in 1902 opened the way for aviation to flourish. With the aid of modern flight science techniques – wind-tunnel testing, computational flight dynamics and piloted simulation, this paper examines the technology of the Wrights' 1902 glider. The research forms a part of the Liverpool Wright Project, aiming to bring to life the Wright brothers' achievements in this centenary period. Wilbur and Orville Wright are recognised by many as the first aeronautical engineers and test pilots. In so many ways they set standards that today's engineers and organisations benefit from. Their work in the period 1901 to 1902 reflects their genius and the paper reviews this work in detail, examining the design, aerodynamic characteristics and flying qualities of the aircraft that first featured a practical three-axis control system.

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14

Bushnell, D. M. "On (civil) aviation future(s)." Aeronautical Journal 105, no. 1052 (October 2001): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000012550.

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This is the latest in the series of invited survey articles and has been written in his own imimitable style by Dennis Bushnell, Chief Scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center. Dennis is well known for his far-sighted and often controversial views. He gave the 1998 Wilbur and Orville Wright lecture at the Royal Aeronautical Society and an edited abbreviation of that talk was published in the January 1999 issue of Aerospace International. In this paper Dr Bushnell amplifies and extends the vision of his earlier work. We arc delighted to publish his forecast for civil aviation and would welcome any comments on the projects described. John Stollery, Editor

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15

Wick, Frank. "Trail Blazer into Space." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-oct-3.

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This article reviews that from the Cold War to Voyager, the work of Robert Goddard has received much recognition. Independently, Goddard started conceiving and designing a variety of air and space vehicles, and analyzing methods for propulsion and control. In 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright had achieved powered flight with the three-axis control they had invented, but the flying machine was extremely difficult to manage. In 1907, while he was still an undergraduate, Goddard studied the dynamics of the Wright Flyer, and designed a gyroscope-based stabilizer for automatic control. His attempts to procure government funding were rejected by a United States military that did not recognize any value of rockets beyond the possibility of assistance at takeoff for aircraft. Rockets increasingly are supporting the marvels of our post-Cold War information revolution. The satellite-based Global Positioning System has brought the most sophisticated navigation system into the personal automobile. Within the century, Robert Goddard’s vision and life’s work begat far more than he could have imagined.

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16

Ray, Moitreya. "HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AEROPLANES IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT IN PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i8.2022.4727.

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Winning the blue sky became possible with the invention of the motor operated aero plane by Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright—the Wright Brothers in 1903. Shortly after their invention, aeronautic companies established in America and Europe started manufacturing aero planes. The year 1911 marked the beginning of the Civil Aviation in India when the Humber-Sommer biplane manufactured in England by Humber took 10-kilometre (approx.) flight in 15 minutes carrying about 6,500 mails. Since then, a continuous technological advancement in aero plane manufacturing had been noticed that not only contributed significantly to the military aviation during the two World Wars but also flourished the Civil Aviation sector for fastest communication worldwide. Prior to the Independence of India, a good number of aero plane models manufactured by different companies occupied the Aviation Sector. It is a matter of proud that India was among the privileged countries where aviation started within a decade of its invention. More than a century old Indian Civil Aviation at present is one of the fastest developing aviation markets in the world according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA). In this present paper an attempt has been taken to document the various aero planes flew in the sky of the Indian Subcontinent to understand the history of the Indian Civil Aviation in the pre-Independence period in the light of its demand and popularity that led India in achieving scientific temperament and technological advancement.

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17

Beukers, A., M. van Tooren, and C. Vermeeren. "Aircraft structures in the century ahead: From arts to science, from craftsmanship to multidisciplinary design and engineering." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1072 (June 2003): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013671.

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The first centennial of man's first powered flight, which was performed by Wilbur (1867–1912) and Orville (1871–1948) Wright (Fig. 1) will be celebrated in 2003. These brothers' unique and trendsetting enterprise, their skills to develop, build and commercialise controllable and load-carrying flying machines, formed the first example of a private interdisciplinary aerospace development and design initiative. It was at the same time a rare example of entrepreneurial engineering. Their work involved wind-tunnel testing of lifting devices and full-scale tests of major structural components. Equally if not more importantly they developed an essential propulsion system consisting of a lightweight 36hp engine with four cylinders in line and a fuel injected carburettor. This engine propelled two pusher propellers through a drive system of chains. Moreover they developed the systems to control their flight. The twistable wing tips that control rolling and heading during the flight were the last remains of the former trend to mimic bird flight.

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18

Wicks, Frank. "Between the Horse and Car." Mechanical Engineering 125, no. 07 (July 1, 2003): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-jul-4.

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This article highlights that the world is now celebrating the centennial of three internal combustion engine-driven milestones. Wilbur and Orville Wright achieved controllable and powered flight at Kitty Hawk, with a barely adequate 16-horsepower gas engine they had made in their bicycle shop. Henry Ford in Detroit founded his motor company that rapidly made the horse obsolete and revolutionized our way of life. And in Milwaukee, the 22-year-old William Harley and 21-year-old Arthur Davidson sold their first motorcycle to schoolyard pal Henry Meyer. There is a unique uneven rhythm to a Harley-Davidson engine. In 1994, the company filed a widely publicized application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to register the sound as a trademark. Management decided to withdraw the application in 2000. The motorcycle is fuel-efficient, easy to park, and can maneuver through congestion. It can enhance the quality of life by providing the rider with a unique form of relaxation and enjoyment.

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19

Malekzadeh, Shervin. "Forlorn Arabs and Flying Americans: National Identity in the Early Childhood Curriculum of Postrevolutionary Iran, 1979–2009." Iranian Studies 55, no. 3 (July 2022): 741–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.30.

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AbstractDrawing upon three decades of postrevolutionary textbooks, this article traces the development of the Arab Muslim as a recurring character in the early elementary curriculum of the Islamic Republic, set against the historical context of Iranian modernization and state formation in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Sympathy for the Arab by the postrevolutionary state included a rebuke and an affirmation: Look at what has happened to the Arabs who were not able to defend their homes and their homeland, and look at what has not happened to us. Set against the Palestinian Arab figure are the accomplishments of American scientists and inventors who feature prominently in the postrevolutionary curriculum as sources of emulation for young readers. Star turns from Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, and Orville and Wilbur Wright invite a reconsideration of the role of the foreign Other in the construction of Iranian national identity, notably the expectation that the dispossessed constitute natural allies in Iran's ceaseless struggle against “the West.” Islamization of the primary school curriculum since 1979 has not come at the expense of Iranian national identity but as its expression, elucidating the ways postrevolutionary educational materials can serve as a repository for tracing the continuities and permutations in depicting the Arab or Western Other as well as different civilizational ethos of the Islamic and Persianate world across time.

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20

Padfield, G. D., and B. Lawrence. "The birth of the practical aeroplane: An appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements in 1905." Aeronautical Journal 109, no. 1100 (October 2005): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000086474.

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Abstract In this second Aeronautical Journal paper providing a technical appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements, the authors use modelling and simulation and associated flight dynamics analysis to present the development of the first practical aeroplane. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer III, was deemed fit for service by the Wrights in October 1905, and had evolved significantly from the first powered aircraft of 17 December 1903. The appraisal tries to shed light on many of the flight handling problems that the Wright brothers faced during this, their third phase of aeronautical endeavour, in 1904 and 1905. They retained their unstable configuration born in the 1901 and 1902 gliders, gradually refining the performance and handling until they considered the aircraft was ready for market. Their process of refinement has been reconstructed in simulation within the Liverpool Wright project, highlighting the many important developments during a period when Wilbur and Orville's own documentation was limited. Apart from their engineering excellence, the Wright brothers are to be acknowledged for their perseverance and resolve in overcoming setbacks, for their ability to innovate and to recover and learn from their mistakes. In many ways the Wright brothers represent a model for the modern aeronautical engineer, and it is hoped that their legacy will be better preserved through the documentation of this project.

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21

Padfield, G. D., and B. Lawrence. "The birth of the practical aeroplane: An appraisal of the Wright brothers’ achievements in 1905." Aeronautical Journal 109, no. 1098 (August 2005): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000083x.

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Abstract In this second Aeronautical Journal paper providing a technical appraisal of the Wright brothers’ achievements, the authors use modelling and simulation and associated flight dynamics analysis to present the development of the first practical aeroplane. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer III, was deemed fit for service by the Wrights in October 1905, and had evolved significantly from the first powered aircraft of 17 December 1903. The appraisal tries to shed light on many of the flight handling problems that the Wright brothers faced during this, their third phase of aeronautical endeavour, in 1904 and 1905. They retained their unstable configuration born in the 1901 and 1902 gliders, gradually refining the performance and handling until they considered the aircraft was ready for market. Their process of refinement has been reconstructed in simulation within the Liverpool Wright project, highlighting the many important developments during a period when Wilbur and Orville’s own documentation was limited. Apart from their engineering excellence, the Wright brothers are to be acknowledged for their perseverance and resolve in overcoming setbacks, for their ability to innovate and to recover and learn from their mistakes. In many ways the Wright brothers represent a model for the modern aeronautical engineer, and it is hoped that their legacy will be better preserved through the documentation of this project.

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22

"Orville Wright." Physics Today, August 19, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.031290.

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23

"The Wilbur and Orville Wright papers." Choice Reviews Online 41, no. 07 (March 1, 2004): 41–4027. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-4027.

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24

"The published writings of Wilbur and Orville Wright." Choice Reviews Online 38, no. 03 (November 1, 2000): 38–1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-1538.

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25

"The flyers: in search of Wilbur and Orville Wright." Choice Reviews Online 41, no. 07 (March 1, 2004): 41–4008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-4008.

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26

"The Bishop's boys: a life of Wilbur and Orville Wright." Choice Reviews Online 27, no. 05 (January 1, 1990): 27–2889. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-2889.

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27

"The bishop's boys: A life of Wilbur and Orville Wright." Business Horizons 34, no. 3 (May 1991): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(91)90100-a.

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28

"Fred Howard. Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1987. Pp. xi, 530. $24.95." American Historical Review, December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr/94.5.1496-a.

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29

"Orville's aviators: outstanding alumni of the Wright Flying School, 1910-1916." Choice Reviews Online 47, no. 01 (September 1, 2009): 47–0299. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.47-0299.

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