Relevant bibliographies by topics / Write Noise

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Write Noise'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Write Noise"

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Madison, M. R. "A model of write noise in magneto‐optical media." Journal of Applied Physics 73, no. 10 (1993): 5782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353571.

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Zhang, J., R. Kemshetti, E. A. Salhi, et al. "Write frequency dependence of popcorn noise in GMR heads." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 36, no. 5 (2000): 2530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.908495.

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Makino, H., S. Nakata, H. Suzuki, et al. "Utilising the normal distribution of the write noise margin to easily predict the SRAM write yield." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 6, no. 4 (2012): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds.2012.0090.

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Melianas, A., T. J. Quill, G. LeCroy, et al. "Temperature-resilient solid-state organic artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing." Science Advances 6, no. 27 (2020): eabb2958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2958.

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Devices with tunable resistance are highly sought after for neuromorphic computing. Conventional resistive memories, however, suffer from nonlinear and asymmetric resistance tuning and excessive write noise, degrading artificial neural network (ANN) accelerator performance. Emerging electrochemical random-access memories (ECRAMs) display write linearity, which enables substantially faster ANN training by array programing in parallel. However, state-of-the-art ECRAMs have not yet demonstrated stable and efficient operation at temperatures required for packaged electronic devices (~90°C). Here, we show that (semi)conducting polymers combined with ion gel electrolyte films enable solid-state ECRAMs with stable and nearly temperature-independent operation up to 90°C. These ECRAMs show linear resistance tuning over a >2× dynamic range, 20-nanosecond switching, submicrosecond write-read cycling, low noise, and low-voltage (±1 volt) and low-energy (~80 femtojoules per write) operation combined with excellent endurance (>109 write-read operations at 90°C). Demonstration of these high-performance ECRAMs is a fundamental step toward their implementation in hardware ANNs.
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Islam, Aminul, and Mohd Hasan. "VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF 6T AND 7T SRAM CELL IN SUB-45NM TECHNOLOGY." IIUM Engineering Journal 12, no. 1 (2011): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v12i1.25.

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This paper analyses standard 6T and 7T SRAM (static random access memory) cell in light of process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations to verify their functionality and robustness. The 7T SRAM cell consumes higher hold power due to its extra cell area required for its functionality constraint. It shows 60% improvement in static noise margin (SNM), 71.4% improvement in read static noise margin (RSNM) and 50% improvement in write static noise margin (WSNM). The 6T cell outperforms 7T cell in terms of read access time (TRA) by 13.1%. The write access time (TWA) of 7T cell for writing "1" is 16.6 x longer than that of 6T cell. The 6T cell proves it robustness against PVT variations by exhibiting narrower spread in TRA (by 1.2 x) and Twa (by 3.4x). The 7T cell offers 65.6% saving in read power (RPWR) and 89% saving in write power (WPWR). The RPWR variability indicates that 6T ell is more robust against process variation by 3.9x. The 7T cell shows 1.3x wider write power (WPWR) variability indicating 6T cell's robustness against PVT variations. All the results are based on HSPICE simulation using 32 nm CMOS Berkeley Predictive Technology Model (BPTM).
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Lee, S. Y., J. L. Pressesky, D. Williams, and N. Heiman. "Write current dependence of transition noise in thin film media." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 26, no. 1 (1990): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.50509.

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Sachdeva, Ashish, and V. K. Tomar. "Design of a Stable Low Power 11-T Static Random Access Memory Cell." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 13 (2020): 2050206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620502060.

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In this paper, a 11-T static random-access memory (SRAM) cell has been examined that shows a fair reduction in read power dissipation while upholding the stability and moderate performance. In the presented work, parametric variability analysis of various design metrices such as signal to noise margin, read current and read power of the Proposed 11T cell are presented and compared with few considered topologies. The Proposed cell offers single ended write operation and differential read operation. The improvement in read signal to noise margin and write signal to noise margin with respect to conventional 6T SRAM is 10.63% and 33.09%, respectively even when the write operation is single ended. Mean hold static noise margin of the cell for 3000 samples is [Formula: see text] times higher than considered D2p11T cell. Sensitivity analysis of data retention voltage (DRV) with respect to temperature variations is also investigated and compared with considered topologies. DRV variation with temperature is least in FF process corner. In comparison to conventional 6T SRAM cell, the write and read delay of Proposed 11T cell gets improved by [Formula: see text] and 1.64%, respectively. Proposed 11T topology consumes least read energy in comparison with considered topologies. In comparison with another considered 11T topology, i.e., D2p11T cell, Proposed cell consumes 13.11% lesser area. Process variation tolerance with Monte Carlo simulation for read current and read power has been investigated using Cadence virtuoso tool with GPDK 45-nm technology.
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Chao, Shiuh, and Tsong-Yo Yang. "Artificial noise in read-write simulation of optical disk and drive." SIMULATION 56, no. 6 (1991): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754979105600612.

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Mansore, S. R., R. S. Gamad, and D. K. Mishra. "A 32 nm Read Disturb-free 11T SRAM Cell with Improved Write Ability." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 05 (2019): 2050067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812662050067x.

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Data stability, write ability and leakage power are major concerns in submicron static random access memory (SRAM) cell design. This paper presents an 11T SRAM cell with differential write and single-ended read. Proposed cell offers improved write ability by interrupting its ground connection during write operation. Separate read buffer provides disturb-free read operation. Characteristics are obtained from HSPICE simulation using 32[Formula: see text]nm high-performance predictive technology model. Simulation results show that the proposed cell achieves 4.5[Formula: see text] and 1.06[Formula: see text] higher read static noise margin (RSNM) as compared to conventional 6T (C6T) and PNN-based 10T cells, respectively, at 0.4[Formula: see text]V. Write static noise margin (WSNM) of the proposed design is 1.65[Formula: see text], 1.71[Formula: see text] and 1.77[Formula: see text] larger as compared to those of C6T, PPN-based 10T and PNN-based 10T cells, respectively, at 0.4V. Write “1” delay of the proposed cell is 0.108[Formula: see text] and 0.81[Formula: see text] as those of PPN10T and PNN10T cells, respectively. Proposed circuit consumes 1.40[Formula: see text] lesser read power as compared to PPN10T cell at 0.4[Formula: see text]V. Leakage power of the proposed cell is 0.35[Formula: see text] of C6T cell at 0.4[Formula: see text]V. Proposed 11T cell occupies 1.65[Formula: see text] larger area as compared to that of conventional 6T.
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Miyamoto, N., H. Fukui, T. Ohtsu, and Y. Karakama. "Relationship of Exciting Current to Noise-after-Write of Thin Film Head." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 16, no. 2 (1992): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.16.91.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Write Noise"

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Hedeman, Walter R. Jr. "WRITE NOISE IN MAGNETIC RECORDING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615733.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1985 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>A novel source of noise is identified and described in this study. If a continuous recording medium is less than perfectly uniform, a given quantity may be recorded differently at different locations in the medium. Inadvertent “encoding” occurs, embedding noise in the signal. Symmetrical sideband noise power results from amplitude and phase modulation of the signal stream by the nonuniform recording medium. “Write noise”, so-called because writing is required, is correlated in amplitude with signal amplitude, and its mean frequency is the signal frequency. It is the dominant noise source for the current generation of recorders and tapes; its power spectrum is almost the same as the power spectrum of the signal. The ratio of standard deviation to mean value of the signal envelope when recording cw signals is an absolute measure of tape quality independent of record level, tape speed, and track width, and establishes an available signal-to-noise ratio which cannot be exceeded. It is assumed that the recorder output has a normal amplitude distribution about its mean value. Theory is confirmed by experiment, within experimental error, for cw and digital recording.
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Epstein, Joshua Benjamin. "Sublime noise musical culture and the modernist writer /." Diss., 2008. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-10282008-094246/.

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Chou, Wan-Hsiang, and 周萬祥. "Detection of tampering in noisy environment for write-once optical disks." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93381955356586395410.

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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>90<br>In the thesis, we will study the code for detection of tampering in write-once optical disk. As we know, digital signature can be used to ensure data integrity. However the followings cannot be guaranteed. First, when an attacker has infinite hardware and time, we cannot guarantee that he cannot break the system. Second, a key is needed in verification. When an attacker gains physical possession of the key, the approach of protecting optical disk is useless. In addition, using digital signature to protect optical disk from tampering, we must use cryptographic techniques. In the thesis, we use coding approach instead of digital signature to achieve the goal. There are two properties in optical disk. First, the error pattern of optical disk is asymmetric i.e. only “0” can be changed to “1”. Second, the (d, k)-RLL constrained code is used in optical disk. At least “d” consecutive zeros is to avoid ISI, and at most “k” consecutive zeros is to maintain the bit synchronization of system clock. Here, we propose new coding approaches instead of digital signature for detection of tampering in optical disk. We use nonsystematic t-EC/AUED (t-Error Correcting/All Unidirectional Error Detection) code instead of systematic t-EC/AUED code [3] to construct the check bit. In addition, we also propose a new (d, k, k-1, k-1)–RLL constrained sequence with t-EC/AUED capability to construct the check bit. This method has two types: one is systematic and the other is nonsystematic. All methods improve the length of tail part than the previously code and achieve better code rate. Finally, we define a new class of code with finite tampering detection capability instead of AUED such that we can save the tail part. We do not use cryptograph technique that is based on “computation infeasible” to ensure data integrity, but use coding approach to achieve perfect secrecy. We can choose the coding approaches according our requirement and application.
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Books on the topic "Write Noise"

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Go, Miriam Grace A. Dream noises: A generation writes. Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil Publishing, Inc., 1999.

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Dickerson, Learnard Gene. Write Under Your Nose. G. Louis Rowles, 2003.

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Sublime Noise: Musical Culture and the Modernist Writer. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.

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Boutin, Aimée. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039218.003.0007.

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This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. It argues that the collective experience of sounds is what gives aurality meaning, even though there is an element of idiosyncrasy in sound perception. The street cries of peddlers and hawkers were meaningful sounds that resonated as a shared cultural experience in the nineteenth century, even for those who rarely heard them, or chose not to write about them. In the twenty-first century, peddlers still operate and vocalize in locations as diverse as New York City, Mexico City, Dakar, Port-au-Prince, Calcutta, Sidi Bouzid, and even Paris. Modern forms of peddling are alive and well, and the intrusiveness of street trade remains a point of contention in today's noise-conscious society.
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Alvesson, Mats, Yiannis Gabriel, and Roland Paulsen. Return to Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787099.001.0001.

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This book argues that we are currently witnessing not merely a decline in the quality of social science research, but a proliferation of meaningless research of no value to society and modest value to its authors—apart from securing employment and promotion. The explosion of published outputs, at least in social science, creates a noisy, cluttered environment which makes meaningful research difficult, as different voices compete to capture the limelight even briefly. Older, but more impressive contributions are easily neglected as the premium is to write and publish, not read and learn. The result is a widespread cynicism among academics on the value of academic research, sometimes including their own. Publishing comes to be seen as a game of hits and misses, devoid of intrinsic meaning and value and of no wider social uses whatsoever. This is what the book views as the rise of nonsense in academic research, which represents a serious social problem. It undermines the very point of social science. This problem is far from ‘academic’. It affects many areas of social and political life entailing extensive waste of resources and inflated student fees as well as costs to taxpayers. The book’s second part offers a range of proposals aimed at restoring meaning at the heart of social science research, and drawing social science back, address the major problems and issues that face our societies.
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Book chapters on the topic "Write Noise"

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Bala, Shashi, Mamta Khosla, and Raj Kumar. "CNTFET-Based Memory Design." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1393-4.ch002.

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As the feature size of device has been scaling down for many decades, conventional CMOS technology-based static random access memory (SRAM) has reached its limit due to significant leakage power. Therefore, carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) can be considered most suitable alternative for SRAM. In this chapter, the performance and stability of CNTFET-based SRAM cells have been analyzed. Numerous figures of merit (FOM) (e.g., read/write noise margin, power dissipation, and read/write delay) have been considered to analyze the performance of CNTFET-based. The static power consumption in CNTFET-based SRAM cell was compared with conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based SRAM cell. Conventional CNTFET and tunnel CNTFET-based SRAMs have also been considered for comparison. From the simulation results, it is observed that tunnel CNTFET SRAM cells have shown improved FOM over conventional CNTFET 6T SRAM cells without losing stability.
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Tiwari, Sandip. "Transport and evolution of classical and quantum ensembles." In Semiconductor Physics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759867.003.0008.

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This chapter explores the evolution of an ensemble of electrons under stimulus, classically and quantum-mechanically. The classical Liouville description is derived, and then reformed to the quantum Liouville equation. The differences between the classical and the quantum-mechanical description are discussed, emphasizing the uncertainty-induced fuzziness in the quantum description. The Fokker-Planck equation is introduced to describe the evolution of ensembles and fluctuations in it that comprise the noise. The Liouville description makes it possible to write the Boltzmann transport equation with scattering. Limits of validity of the relaxation time approximation are discussed for the various scattering possibilities. From this description, conservation equations are derived, and drift and diffusion discussed as an approximation. Brownian motion arising in fast-and-slow events and response are related to the drift and diffusion and to the Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations as probabilistic evolution. This leads to a discussion of Markov processes and the Kolmogorov equation.
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Parker, Robert. "Conclusion." In Greek Gods Abroad. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520293946.003.0007.

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Early in its first chapter, this book evoked the Griechische Götternamen of Hermann Usener. The great Wilamowitz, thanking Usener, his quondam teacher, for the gift of the book, spoke out, after some emollient paragraphs, with a blend of hyper-protestantism and brutal frankness: “Gefühl ist alles,” he wrote, “Name ist Schall und Rauch,” “Feeling is everything, name is noise and smoke” (a common German expression for a thing of no substance)....
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Skoulding, Zoë. "Film, Gramophones and the Noise of Landscape in Dylan Thomas and Lynette Roberts." In Reading Dylan Thomas. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474411554.003.0008.

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In Part II of Lynette Roberts’s Gods with Stainless Ears (1951), a gramophone washed up on the south Wales seashore may be seen in the light of Roberts’s interest in film in a period which had, according to John Cage, seen a new awareness of ‘sound effects’ and a resulting tension between ‘noise and so-called musical sounds’. Roberts wrote in the preface: ‘when I wrote this poem, the scenes and visions ran before me like a newsreel’. However, rather than presenting poetry and film as potentially complementary elements, Gods seems to evoke filmic techniques through its juxtapositions and awareness of environmental sound. The seashore gramophone also echoes an image in Dylan Thomas’s 1935 poem ‘I, in my intricate image’, which in its expansive scope and its densely detailed coastal imagery has several similarities with Roberts’s poem. For both poets, landscape is mediated by awareness of film, and by the approach to environmental sound that film enables. Film’s sensory simultaneity provides a model for locating the lyric and narrative energies of the poems within the landscapes they describe as well as the media landscape of the mid-twentieth century.
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Bishop, Chris. "Northlanders (2007)." In Medievalist Comics and the American Century. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496808509.003.0008.

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The final of the comic book chapters is a study of the 21st-century series Northlanders. What makes this comic book so interesting for the purposes of this study is not its medievalism, but rather its lack thereof. The characters in Northlanders think, behave and speak like film-noir gangsters, as the blood feuds and conquests of the northern Dark Ages mutate into barrio-style turf wars and gangland vendettas. The writer of the series made no attempt to portray the ontology of his Norse subjects or to represent historically the multifaceted culture from which they sprang—his goal was to produce a crime series based on seminal Yakuza films from the 1970s.
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Treacy, Corbin. "Writing in the Aftermath of Two Wars: Algerian Modernism and the Génération ’88." In Algeria. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940216.003.0007.

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Algerian literary works from the civil war of the 1990s are often described as testimonial—a littérature d’urgence. While the label ignores many experimental and anti-representational works from this period, the décennie noire clearly weighed on authors and provoked particular aesthetic responses. Less has been said of Algerian cultural production from the years following the civil war. Algerian writers have started to leverage fantasy, myth, and the fable to respond to the increasingly surreal relationship between state and society. This article addresses the shift from realism to surrealism in contemporary Algerian fiction, with special attention to the ways in which less representational texts more fully adumbrate the particularities of the Bouteflika era. Specifically, I focus on works by Mustapha Benfodil and Kamel Daoud, two authors born after independence who continue to live, write, and publish in Algeria. Their affiliation with Éditions Barzakh—an independent Algerian publisher — has granted their work the freedom to deviate from the proscribed narratives of terrorism and victimhood more common to Algeria’s export literature. I argue that Daoud and Benfodil create alternative forms of literary engagement that articulate a revised Algerian nationalism, plotting paths to futures beyond the limiting terms of the static present.
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Meisner, Nadine. "Overture." In Marius Petipa. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190659295.003.0001.

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On 24 May 1847, I reached St Petersburg by ship, and since that time have been employed by the Imperial Theatre. Sixty years of service in one place, in one institution, is quite rare, and a destiny not granted to many mortals. <sup>1</sup> MARIUS PETIPA’S DESTINY, it is true, was exceptional, even if he was only one of many French artists and other foreigners who flocked to Russia because their services were in high demand. For more than a century and a half, Russia had been turning its gaze to the West, seeking to acquire the cultural apparatus that would help transform it into a modern world power. When Petipa arrived in St Petersburg he had the promise of a contract and the hope that he would make a career, if not a fortune, although foreign dancers were rewarded with higher pay than native Russians. He was twenty-nine, not so young for a dancer. In his suitcase were three scarves, packed by his anxious mother. ‘She was,’ he wrote, ‘very disturbed about the fate of my nose, which would have to bear the onslaught of frosts so severe that even the bears could hardly stand them.’...
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Leopold, Estella B. "The Shack Landscape and Its Restoration: A Natural history." In Stories From the Leopold Shack. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190463229.003.0012.

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“The outstanding scientific discovery of the twentieth century is not television, or radio, but rather the complexity of the land organism,” wrote my father in Round River. As he was hinting, we can locate many of the parts, but how these fit together in the land organism was another matter. Finding the native plant species would be a good start. To reunite some of these came next. The work of our family was creative in its own right: figuring out what conditions these species needed, including by experimentation. Essential to that is appreciating how this landscape got its form—what processes have worked on it and with what results. This much helps us with our understanding of the setting and the soils—what I would call the lay of the land. In the work to restore old habitats and old vegetation types, it is really useful and interesting to know something of the land history, ancient and recent. As Mary Austin wrote, “To understand the fashion of any life, one must know the land it is lived in and the procession of the year.” The Shack experience involved both of these elements. When you live in an area, a natural question that arises is how the landscape got the way it is. What forces shaped it, and over what periods of time? In the Shack area, two different prominent ridges (about twenty-five feet in height) are oriented perpendicular to the Wisconsin River. One is the north-south ridge just west of the Shack—the Sand Hill/Clay Hill ridge. The other is the north-south ridge downstream from Gilbert’s farm; it is the ridge on which the Leopold Center is built. At the point where the river cuts the nose of that ridge (Barrows Bluff) are a great number of large boulders and clay. The Sand Hill site also has an enormous boulder on it. Both have sand on top near the river. I wondered how ridges like these formed in the first place. Then I read the report by Robert Dott and John Attig about the history of the glacial ice lobes in Wisconsin.
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Morton, Thomas Hellman. "Archiving Odors." In Of Minds and Molecules. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128345.003.0025.

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In an ode addressed to his friend Fabullus, the Roman poet Catullus speaks of a fragrance so pleasing that “when you smell it you will beg the gods to make you all nose.” Would that the recipe for such a scent had been transmitted through the ages! Even today, however, it is not possible to document chemical composition with adequate fidelity to reconstruct an odor perfectly. Catullus writes that the gods of love gave the perfume to his girlfriend. Suppose such gods existed and could list the ingredients of its aroma. The list would contain hundreds—perhaps thousands—of chemical structures and their relative proportions. Very likely, many of the structures would stand for compounds that are currently unknown, but they could be synthesized in the laboratory. Would that knowledge permit me to reproduce the odor? This chapter argues that the answer remains uncertain. The current state of chemical knowledge can neither account for why an odor smells the way it does nor what determines its intensity. The recipe for replicating a sensory experience—what is essential and what is superfluous—remains obscure. The sense of smell challenges chemical understanding. On the one hand, given the structure of a new molecule a chemist can predict its spectroscopic properties over a wide domain of electromagnetic frequencies. A mixture ordinarily displays a spectrum that superimposes the spectra of its individual components, unless they physically interact with each other. In the chemical senses, on the other hand, perceptions of mixtures often cannot be inferred from their constituents, even though the components do not interact at the molecular level. Moreover, no one can reliably predict the organoleptic properties (taste or smell) of a new molecule from its structure. Even if that were possible, the English language does not offer a vocabulary with which to describe new smells, except by analogy to odors that are already familiar. The poverty of descriptors means that, in talking about olfactory stimuli, many people allude to direct experiences. These allusions call on memories of characteristic odors of familiar objects, which represent “unitary percepts.”
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Levy, Sharon. "The Microbe Solution." In The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0007.

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In the hot, dry summer of 1858, the Thames was a stew of sewage that festered in the sun, giving off an unbearable stench. “We believe this to be the uncleanest, foulest river in the known world,” wrote a London pundit in July. “There you shall see in the brief space of half an hour and two or three miles, a hundred sewers disgorging solid filth, a hundred broad acres of unnatural, slimy chymical compost . . . The water—the liquid rather—is inky black.” Dockworkers suffered nausea, headache, sore throats, temporary blindness—some of them fainted from breathing in the river’s aroma. In the newly rebuilt Houses of Parliament, on the riverbank, legislators choked on what the press labeled “the Great Stink.” The Thames had been badly polluted for decades, but the heat and low water that summer brought the situation to a crisis. Benjamin Disraeli, leader of the House, held a handkerchief over his nose as he fled from the Chamber, complaining that the Thames had become a “Stygian Pool.” In July 1858, he introduced a law that authorized the construction of a costly new sewer system, designed by engineer Joseph Bazalgette, that would carry London’s waste downstream of the city. Britain’s rivers were overwhelmed with sewage, its cities bursting at the seams. Between 1801 and 1841 London’s population had grown from 958,000 to 1,948,000. Numbers of people living in smaller cities like Leeds, Bradford, and Huddersfield doubled or tripled in the same span of time. While the same pattern held in other European and American cities, geography made the problem more intense in Britain, where the rivers were too small to carry off the wastes of the towns that sprouted on their banks. In 1885, engineer James Gordon estimated that dumping the raw sewage of the major towns along the Rhine would give that river a concentration of only one part sewage per 2,345 parts water. The lower Lea, a tributary of the Thames whose upstream flows had been diverted to provide drinking water for London, was by contrast composed of two- thirds sewage.
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Conference papers on the topic "Write Noise"

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Tripp, D. Michael, Heard S. Lowry III, and Parker D. Elrod. "Direct-write scene generation test facility system noise study." In SPIE's 1995 Symposium on OE/Aerospace Sensing and Dual Use Photonics, edited by Marc Wigdor and Mark A. Massie. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.210548.

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Kay, David B., Scott B. Chase, Edward C. Gage, and Barry D. Silverstein. "Write noise from optical heads with nonachromatic beam expansion prisms." In Optical Data Storage, edited by James J. Burke, Thomas A. Shull, and Nobutake Imamura. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.45941.

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Peleato, Borja, and Rajiv Agarwal. "Maximizing MLC NAND lifetime and reliability in the presence of write noise." In ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2012.6363639.

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4

Kanazawa, Y., J. Umeda, Y. Tsunoda, and K. Shigematsu. "Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio of a write-once optical disk." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. OSA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.1986.thk46.

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Yadav, Arjun Singh, and Sangeeta Nakhate. "Low power SRAM cell with reduced write PDP and enhanced noise margin." In 2016 IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpeices.2016.7853267.

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Chao, Shiuh, and Tsong-Yo Yang. "Read-write simulation and numerical noise for WORM optical disk and drive." In Singapore, edited by Soo-Jin Chua and John C. McCallum. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.47851.

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7

Makino, Hiroshi, Takahito Kusumoto, Shunji Nakata, et al. "Simultaneous enlargement of SRAM read/write noise margin by controlling virtual ground lines." In 2010 8th IEEE International NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/newcas.2010.5603927.

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Seo, Seoungbin, Hyongyong Lee, Heeil Hong, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Interference Noise by Capacitive Coupling Effects in DRAM." In ISTFA 2016. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2016p0094.

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Abstract:
Abstract As microelectronic feature sizes are scaled down, the soft failure rate has increased. Additionally the characteristics and distribution of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) data retention time and write recovery time (tWR) are getting worse. As a result of this failure analysis, we revealed that the major contributors are caused by the interference noise, resultant from decreasing separation distance between nodes and the signal line noise increasing. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the problem caused by the coupling effects. We investigated the cause of soft noise by simulation and proposed calculation of sensing margin change by interference noise. Finally, we expect that a design improvement to reduce the magnitude of interference noise will result in overall improvement when implemented in the test vehicle.
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Brodie, Alan, Shinichi Kojima, Mark McCord, Luca Grella, Thomas Gubiotti, and Chris Bevis. "Preliminary investigation of shot noise, dose, and focus latitude for e-beam direct write." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by William M. Tong and Douglas J. Resnick. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2011908.

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Xie, Yunkun, Behtash Behin-Aein, and Avik Ghosh. "Numerical Fokker-Planck simulation of stochastic write error in spin torque switching with thermal noise." In 2016 74th Annual Device Research Conference (DRC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drc.2016.7548462.

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