Academic literature on the topic 'Writer 4000'
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Journal articles on the topic "Writer 4000"
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Murooka, Ken-ichi, Kiyoshi Hattori, and Osamu Iizuka. "Initial results of a 50 kV electron beam writer EBM-4000 for a 90 nm node photomask." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 21, no. 6 (2003): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1627803.
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Hudson, Anne. "A Wycliffite Scholar of the Early Fifteenth Century." Studies in Church History. Subsidia 4 (1985): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900003690.
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Twenty-Five years ago the title of this paper would have seemed to many a contradiction in terms; even now there may be some who will expect the scholar of my title to be a critic of Wyclif, erudite in the heresiarch’s manifold outpourings. The scholar was, however, himself a Wycliffite, indeed of the radical wing of that persuasion. His misfortune, from a modern viewpoint, is that he did not in his works reveal his name, and hence a cumbersome periphrasis is unavoidable. The writer reveals most about himself in the Tractatus de Oblacione Iugis Sacrificii, despite its title an English work of nearly 4000 lines, dealing primarily but not exclusively with the Eucharist: there it becomes clear that he must have been writing between March 1413, since Henry IV is spoken of as recently dead, and February 1414, since Arundel (þe grettist enmy þat Crist haþ in Ynglond) is still said to be archbishop of Canterbury, and that he had previously treated the subject of clerical temporalities in a sermon on the text Omnis plantacio qu[am] non plantauit pater meus celestis eradkabitur. The Tractatus survives in a single manuscript, now BL, Cotton Titus D. v, of the first half of the fifteenth century and clearly not the author’s original.
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Smith, Angela. "Write B24!" South African Medical Journal 100, no. 3 (2010): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.4005.
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Blásquez, Elsa Barberena. "Sor Juana and her library world." Transinformação 12, no. 1 (2000): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-37862000000100008.
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There has been numerous documents about Sor Juana since Juan Camacho published his first volume in Madrid in 1689, and more so during 1995, her anniversary. There is no certainty about the date of her birth, it is placed between 1651 and 1653, she died in 1695. The magazines A BSIDE. REVISTA DE CULTURA MEXICANA during the period 1941-1973 published 25 articles, and CONTEMPORÂNEOS eight articles from 1929 to 1931; the BOLETIN DE LA BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL published five articles in 1951 and I960, but none of these deal with her library. The following authors have discussed her library: the writer, Ermilo Abreu Gómezf1934); Alfonso Méndez Plancarte (1944); the art historian and critic, Francisco de la Maza (1952); the poet Octavio Paz (1982); the ex-director of the Mexican National Library, Ignacio Osorio (1986). I think that the 4000 volumes of this library played an important part in her writings, and much more than companions: objects of her world. This library unfortunately, disintegrated by her at the end of her life, is an example of library collections and libraries of the New World, together with the first academic library built in Mexico City: "La Biblioteca del Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco " (1536). To know about the titles of some of these books, whose existence can only be seen in two of the paintings of Sor Juana, one by the Mexican artist Juan de Miranda, active from 1697 to 1711, owned by the "Universidad Nacional Autônoma de México", and the other by the Mexican painter, Miguel Cabrera at the "Museo Nacional de Historia del Castillo de Chapultepec" in Mexico City, gives us an idea not only of her library, but of her world. The XVIIc in Mexico City is a baroque century with its four social entities: the Court, the Church, the City and the Convent in which Sor Juana lived. If we take into consideration her writings, there was a fifth entity, the Hispanic literary world. Sor Juana with her beauty, charm, intelligence and ability to deal with the most important personalities of her time was considered a string between the New and the Old Worlds because of her literary contributions as a woman, more so as an American woman of the XVIIc. She is pondered by Alatorref1995) as the spiritual gold similar to the gold extracted from the New World mines. In a metaphorical way her writings are the result of her intellect and of the contents extracted from the books which represented the world of knowledge contained in her library.
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Cameron, Catherine Ann, and Bonnie Moshenko. "Elicitation of knowledge transformational reports while children write narratives." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 28, no. 4 (1996): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0008-400x.28.4.271.
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Ponyrko, N. V. "Archpriest Avvakum as a Preacher (Honoring his 400th Anniversary)." Russkaya literatura 4 (2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-4-5-20.
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The article discusses the part of the literary heritage of Archpriest Avvakum that relates to the preaching genre. The content of Avvakum’s Teachings, included in the Book of Conversations and the Book of Interpretations is subjected to research analysis. As a prerequisite for the writer’s preaching work, Avvakum’s oral teaching activities of the pre-Pustozersk period of his life are outlined. It is shown that the style of Avvakum’s preaching writings was influenced by four types of verbal elements, him being equally immersed in all of them until the end of his days: the style of the Holy Scriptures, the style of the liturgical texts and liturgical hymnography, the style of the Old Russian bookish language and the style of the Russian spoken language with its characteristic «vernacular» flow. The bold combination of these four elements, manifested primarily in the genre of free sermon, turns Avvakum into a highly innovative writer.
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Acob, Joel Rey Ugsang, and Sahrir Sillehu. "Invitation to Write Book Reviews and Library Research." Aloha International Journal of Multidisciplinary Advancement (AIJMU) 3, no. 4 (2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/aijmu30401.
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EDITORIAL
 
 We need to inform you again that the Aloha International Journal of Multidisciplinary Advancement (AIJMU) has a mission to publish research results and ideas from various disciplines of science and technology. In this editorial, we constantly invite researchers and academics around the world to share their best papers in this journal. In April 2021, we invite authors to publish scientific papers which are a form of document study. In this case, we can accept articles from document studies in short form such as book reviews, but we also look forward to the presence of articles and long forms, such as library research.
 Book review is a type of short paper (usually contains 1000 to 200 words), which contains a review of a book that the author considers interesting or important. In addition to the title, author and affiliation, this article consists of at least 4 important parts, namely an introduction, a review (a summary of the book's contents, strengths, weaknesses and suggestions if any), conclusions and references. However, authors may write in a different systematics as long as they do not go outside the principles of writing a book review.
 Meanwhile, library research is one type of qualitative research that emphasizes data sources in the form of documents, although it can be strengthened by other data sources, for example the results of interviews. This type of paper is usually written in a large number of words, for example 4000 to 10000 words, depending on the rules of the journal. There are three main types of literature research: historical studies, biographical studies and document studies.
 We hope that articles based on document studies will further enrich the database of scientific papers in this journal, which in turn can contribute to the development and advancement of science and technology.
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Wang, Julie, and Scott H. Sicherer. "Guidance on Completing a Written Allergy and Anaphylaxis Emergency Plan." Pediatrics 139, no. 3 (2017): e20164005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4005.
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van Opstall, Emilie. "Book review: New Epigrams of Palladas: a Fragmentary Papyrus Codex (P.CtYBR inv. 4000), written by Wilkinson, K.W." Mnemosyne 68, no. 1 (2015): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12301839.
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Lv, Yi, Qian Wang, Houpeng Chen, et al. "Enhancing the Data Reliability of Multilevel Storage in Phase Change Memory with 2T2R Cell Structure." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (2021): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091085.
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Multilevel storage and the continuing scaling down of technology have significantly improved the storage density of phase change memory, but have also brought about a challenge, in that data reliability can degrade due to the resistance drift. To ensure data reliability, many read and write operation technologies have been proposed. However, they only mitigate the influence on data through read and write operations after resistance drift occurs. In this paper, we consider the working principle of multilevel storage for PCM and present a novel 2T2R structure circuit to increase the storage density and reduce the influence of resistance drift fundamentally. To realize 3-bit per cell storage, a wide range of resistances were selected as different states of phase change memory. Then, we proposed a 4:3 compressing encoding scheme to transform the output data into binary data states. Therefore, the designed 2T2R was proven to have optimized storage density and data reliability by monitoring the conductance distribution at four time points (1 ms, 1 s, 6 h, 12 h) in 4000 devices. Simulation results showed that the resistance drift of our proposed 2T2R structure can significantly improve the storage density of multilevel storage and increase the data reliability of phase change memory.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Writer 4000"
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Gomes, Antônio Egno do Carmo. "“Há um autor neste romance?” - A voz, a ação e os apelos do autor metaficcional." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4030.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-01<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Following a general trend of the human sciences, the arrival of post-modernity in literary
studies has culminated in the so-called “death of the author”. With resonances that can be
noted in some theorists as Roland Barthes (2004), Michel Foucault (2006, 1996), Umberto
Eco (2005, 2003, 2004, 2001, 1986), Stanley Fish (2003, 1990) and Linda Hutcheon (2000;
1991; 1984), the post-modern distrust in meaning and the conviction that what a literary work
means not only does not depend on the author but also finds in him an obstacle to the reader’s
creativity are widely disseminated notions that have found their place in the metafiction
theory by means of Hutcheon (1991; 1984), and Patrícia Waugh (1984). However, in this
thesis, based on the assumptions of the hermeneutic realism theory, an interpretive approach
according to which the meaning of a text is prior to its reading and is in many respects does
not dependent on it, I propose to review the role of the author in metafictional novels,
searching for appropriate readings for such novels. My theory is that author and writer are
separate entities and that, among the four sources of enunciation of a novel (writer, author,
narrator and character), the author is the one responsible for opening the work, activating the
reading and actualizing the metafictionality. By means of a dialogue with theorists from
several fields of the human sciences, I seek to defend the author from his opponents and show
that, in the relationships he establishes with the character in novels of protagonist writer (as in
A Rainha dos cárceres da Grécia, Bufo & Spallanzani and O Chalaça), the metafictional
author addresses us, making communicative calls to us, and calling our attention to the
fictionality of the text. So, what I do in this thesis is to show that since the attacks to the
notions of person, intention and interpretive authoritarianism may even relate to the writer ,
but never to the author, he cannot and should not be killed. The author, I seek to prove, is a
constitutive element of fictional language and is also the other with whom we communicate in
reading metafictional novels. The result is that our interaction with such aesthetic person is
essential in order that, through the distinction of the voices of the writer, narrator and
character, we may be able to read these novels without making problematic interpretations.<br>Seguindo uma tendência geral das ciências humanas, a chegada da pós-modernidade nos
estudos literários culminou na chamada “morte do autor”. Com ressonâncias que podem ser
percebidas em teóricos como Roland Barthes (2004), Michel Foucault (2006; 1996), Umberto
Eco (2005; 2004; 2003; 2001; 1986), Stanley Fish (2003; 1990) e Linda Hutcheon (2000;
1991; 1984), a descrença pós-moderna no significado e a convicção de que o que uma obra
literária significa não só independe do autor como até encontra neste um obstáculo à
criatividade por parte do leitor encontram-se amplamente divulgadas, tendo aportado na teoria
da metaficção via Hutcheon (1991; 1984) e Patrícia Waugh (1984). No entanto, partindo do
realismo hermenêutico, linha interpretativa segundo a qual o sentido de um texto é anterior à
leitura e, sob muitos aspectos, independente dela, neste trabalho me proponho a rever o papel
do autor em romances metaficcionais, em busca de leituras adequadas para tais romances.
Minha teoria é a de que autor e escritor são pessoas distintas e que, dentre as quatro fontes
enunciativas de um romance (escritor, autor, narrador e personagem), o autor é aquela
responsável por abrir a obra, ativar a leitura e efetivar a metaficcionalidade. Dialogando com
teóricos de vários campos das ciências humanas, procuro defender o autor de seus adversários
e evidenciar que, nas relações que estabelece com a personagem em romances de protagonista
escritor (como A Rainha dos cárceres da Grécia, Bufo & Spallanzani e O Chalaça) o autor
metaficcional se dirige a nós, fazendo-nos apelos comunicativos e chamando nossa atenção
para a ficcionalidade do texto. Assim, o que faço nesta tese é mostrar que, uma vez que os
ataques às noções de pessoa, intenção e autoritarismo interpretativo podem até dizer respeito
ao escritor, mas jamais ao autor, este não pode nem deveria ser morto. O autor, busco provar,
é um elemento constitutivo da linguagem ficcional e é também o outro com o qual nos
comunicamos na leitura de romances metaficcionais. O resultado é que nossa interação com
tal pessoa estética é fundamental para que, distinguindo as vozes do escritor, do narrador e da
personagem, sejamos capazes de ler tais romances sem fazer interpretações problemáticas.
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Lee, Benny Pheng Ho. "Establishing common ground in written correspondence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624928.
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Zou, Yanli. "First person pronouns in academic discourse by novice writers in China." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8522/.
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This thesis explores the phraseologies of the two first person pronouns, ‘I’ and ‘We’, and their verb collocates in Chinese novice writers’ academic discourse. Quantitatively, the study compares the use and the function of the FPPs in Chinese EFL learners’ academic texts across two disciplines, Business and Management and English Literature, and at two academic levels, undergraduate and postgraduate. It is found that the phrases serving these functions are highly formulaic. There is correspondence between the identified frequent phraseologies and the proposed textual functions in the novice writers’ academic texts. Specifically, a textual function is often realised by one or two phrasal frames including the two FPPs. When the two disciplines are compared, more similarities than differences in relation to the phrases and the textual functions of ‘I’ and ‘We’ are observed. When the undergraduates and the postgraduates are compared, the postgraduates use more impersonal expressions and more retrospective textual organisation expressions to organise and develop their academic texts. The qualitative case study illustrates the importance of quality of using ‘I’ and ‘We’ to interact with readership and claim authority. This study concludes by discussing the insights offered into the teaching and learning of academic writing in EFL contexts.
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Jaihow, Patson. "Corpus use by student writers : error correction by Thai learners of English." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8274/.
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Researchers in corpus linguistics and applied linguistics have recommended the use of corpus data by language learners to promote independent learning (Bernardini, 2004; Yoon & Hirvela, 2004; O’Keeffe et al, 2007). However, it is not clear to what extent learners are able to use corpus resources independently, and how they can be trained to use a corpus more effectively. This thesis reports a study of learners using a corpus for error correction. The learners recorded their processes using a think-aloud protocol. The thesis records three main findings. Firstly, the learners found it easiest to spot and correct errors of clause structure, noun class, adjective pattern, and collocation; they found verb pattern the most difficult errors to correct. Secondly, the learners most frequently searched for information about colligation, collocation, acceptability/occurrence of strings in a corpus, and determiner-noun agreement; they searched for information about lexical pattern relatively infrequently. Finally, the learners worked most effectively with the corpus when they entered single words as the search terms and scrutinized the concordance lines for collocates and patterns; they worked least effectively with the corpus when they entered whole strings of words. The thesis also makes recommendations for facilitating corpus use in classrooms and specifies the training that learners need to use corpora effectively.
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Ngula, Richmond Sadick. "Epistemic modality in social science research articles written by Ghanaian authors : a corpus-based study of disciplinary and native vs. non-native variations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/76232/.
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Using a corpus-based methodology, this thesis reports a study into how non-native Ghanaian academic authors of English in the disciplines of Sociology, Economics and Law deploy epistemic modality devices as rhetorical features of argumentation in their research articles (RAs) published in journals based in Ghana. The study focuses on understanding the ways in which the use of these rhetorical features by Ghanaian authors compare with their use in international RAs written by native academic authors of English. Based on the aims of the study, two sets of corpora of RAs for the Ghanaian and international authors were created and analysed to compare the use of epistemic modality features between the two groups of authors in terms of: depth of use, diversity of use, linguistic types of epistemic markers, phraseological patterns of notable epistemic markers and degrees of epistemic strength. The quantitative aspects of the comparisons relied mainly on frequency counts of epistemic markers which were supported by Log-likelihood tests to determine significant differences of epistemic use across disciplines and between the two groups of authors. The qualitative aspects (e.g., phraseological pattern analysis) focused mainly on a close inspection of concordance lines for comparisons. The findings of the study revealed that while Ghanaian writers seem to be generally aware of the most important epistemic devices used for academic writing, as they used as wide a range of epistemic devices as their international counterparts, they tended to use these devices significantly less in their RAs. A few cases of overuse and misuse of epistemic modality by Ghanaian writers were also observed. It was found also that many of the disciplinary variation patterns of epistemic use observed in the international RAs did not match with the patterns revealed in the RAs written by the Ghanaian authors. A further important finding was that whereas the international writers generally preferred medium and weak level epistemic markers over strong ones, the Ghanaian writers favoured the use of medium and strong level epistemic markers over weak ones. It also became apparent that the significant underuse of epistemic rhetorical features by the Ghanaian writers could be attributed to the way rhetorical features are represented in academic writing course materials in Ghanaian universities. The findings reported in this thesis suggest that there is the need for Ghanaian academic authors to make language adjustments to their academic writing if their writing practices are to fully adhere to international disciplinary norms and conventions.
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Laarmann-Quante, Ronja Maria [Verfasser], Stefanie [Gutachter] Dipper, and Eva [Gutachter] Belke. "Prediction of spelling errors in freely-written texts of German primary school children / Ronja Maria Laarmann-Quante ; Gutachter: Stefanie Dipper, Eva Belke ; Fakultät für Philologie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239418841/34.
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Stolfa, Sabrina. "The hidden depths of popular fiction : a study of two female writers of Wilhelmine Germany, 1890-1914." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15251.
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This investigation presents two literary case studies that demonstrate the heterogeneity of Wilhelmine popular fiction, both in terms of thematic orientation and aesthetic quality. The chosen authors are women from bourgeois backgrounds who were prolific and well-known during their life-time, but who have since been relegated. They target the ‘new middle class’ of that era as their readership and, respectively, represent two important but contested genres of late nineteenth-century popular fiction: Heimatkunst and the Sozialroman. Heimatkunst has been dismissed as a homogeneous propagator of right-wing ideology. Yet the texts of Charlotte Niese evidence ‘resistant practice’ within and against prevailing discourse parameters. Her autobiographical writing demonstrates a type of nationalism orientated in dignity and independence, rather than competition and militarism, while also showing how political indoctrination and imposition poisoned the vernacular social status quo which otherwise managed to integrate antagonistic values and attitudes. Her fictional narratives highlight how writing dubbed Heimatkunst was subject to hybridisation, at times to amount to an approximation of a modernist aesthetic. The Sozialroman has been dismissed as a trivial ‘variety of social recipes’. Luise Westkirch’s narratives, however, incorporate thorough-going social reform. Her shorter narratives include astute, psychologically-based social critique which facilitates insights into contemporaneous preoccupations and slow perceptual changes. Incorporating tenets derived from the German romantic legacy, her narratives challenge dominant discourse parameters directly. In the process, the internationally ubiquitous interpretation of competition and power as basic instinctual drives is deconstructed as an erroneous and self-destructive assumption. Westkirch’s complex narratives establish sub-textual agendas through ‘thematic compounding’ that directs the reader’s attention overtly at one set of issues while covertly commenting on another. In this way, she constructs gender inequality as an indictment of normative socio-political systems. This study therefore argues that popular fiction located in a time of cultural crisis has the potential to make explicit the parameters of the prevailing dominant discourse, against which specific values are articulated. Since a conscious formulation of these parameters is essential to the loosening of any conceptual hegemony, which depends on implicitness, fiction thus situated can yield new perspectives, not only in terms of historical insight, but in terms of conceptual alternatives that also have contemporary relevance.
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Durel, Patrick. "Dynamiques interactives dans le cadre d'activités de révision collaborative assistée par ordinateur." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL030.
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L'objet de la présente étude est un dispositif didactique mis en œuvre avec des étudiants anglophones en français langue étrangère, dans une université australienne. Elle examine l'impact que peuvent avoir l'aspect instrumenté et l'aspect collaboratif lors d'un travail de révision collaborative assistée par ordinateur. Elle envisage également en quoi une telle activité peut être vectrice d'apprentissage. Le corpus analysé se compose de cinq sessions de travail enregistrées (actions d'écran) et transcrites. Ayant conceptualisé cette activité comme une succession de résolutions de problème, nous avons retenu la séquence de résolution de problème comme unité d'analyse. La méthodologie retenue est hybride. Elle fait appel à l'analyse qualitative de certaines séquences et à une analyse quantitative s'appuyant sur les questionnements d'une base de données construite à partir d'une typologie définissant les paramètres propres aux séquences observées. Nous montrons comment les dynamiques interactives reposent sur l'élaboration d'un espace commun de résolution impliquant une négociation tripartite entre scripteur, co-réviseur et Correcteur. L'activité des partenaires oscille entre deux pôles. Le premier consiste à traiter les uns après les autres les soulignements parsemant le texte, les opérations cognitives sous-jacentes étant alors intimement liées aux aspects instrumentés. Le deuxième pôle consiste à relire le texte en dehors de ce que signale le logiciel et à porter son attention sur les questions de formulation, de syntaxe, de cohérence et de cohésion. La dynamique d'une session résulte de la distribution et de la prégnance de phénomènes appartenant à ces deux axes, la capacité des signalements du Correcteur à circonscrire l'activité de révision et les processus de relecture dépendant en partie du degré d'expertise rédactionnelle des partenaires. Certains signalements et propositions du Correcteur sont générateurs de débats, d'interrogations et d'échanges de point de vue, ce qui permet aux membres des dyades de mobiliser certaines connaissances, potentiellement de les affiner, voire d'en acquérir d'autres. Les partenaires à travers l'aspect collaboratif se trouvent également exposés à de nouvelles façons de gérer l'activité, d'utiliser les divers outils à leur disposition et de ce sur quoi peut se porter l'attention lors d'un travail de révision. Autant de phénomènes qui relèvent de ce que nous avons appelé la régulation assistée, laquelle semble emblématique du potentiel acquisitionnel de ce type d'activité<br>The study examines the impact of both the collaborative and instrumented dimensions in a revision task where students, native speakers of English from an Australian university, were asked to revise a text they had written. The students were asked to work on an electronic version of their text with the help of a partner, a grammar assistant software, and an electronic bilingual dictionary. The study also examines whether such an activity can be conducive to learning and improve revision skills. Each of the five sessions' screen action was recorded as well as the partners' interactions which were subsequently transcribed. The revision activity in these sessions was conceptualised as a series of problem resolution sequences, the concept of problem resolution sequence chosen as the basic unit of analysis. A hybrid methodology was followed, using both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Certain sequences were analysed in details while the quantitative approach relied on the questioning of a data base built using parameters defining characteristics of resolution sequences. We show how for each sequence a joint problem space is created as the result of negotiations between writer, co-revisor and grammar assistant software input. The revision activities observed follow two distinct trends. On the one hand, students' attention focusses on items the assistant software has underlined on the text. In this case, underlying cognitive processes are intricately linked with the instrumented aspect of the activity. On the other, rereading and revision strategies focus on formulation of ideas, sentence construction, eliminating redundant information, cohesion and coherence issues. Distribution of revision processes along these two axis determines a session dynamics, the capacity of the grammar assistant to overall determine revision processes depending to a certain extent on the level of expertise of the partners. In some sequences, grammar assistant's underlines or explanations generate debates and questions among partners who are necessarily drawn to evaluate the assistant's assessment, express their opinion and argue their case. They thus mobilise grammatical knowledge, potentially refine it, or acquire new rules. The collaborative aspect of the activity also allows partners to be exposed to new revision strategies as well as new ways to use the various software tools at their disposal when attempting to solve problems. Their views on what revising a text means may change in the process. All these phenomena pertain to what we have described as assisted regulation procedures and as such seem to point to the learning and teaching to revise potential of such an activity
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Charles-Dominique, Géraldine. "Lire et utiliser des textes en L2 et langue seconde : l'impact du guidage de la lecture sur la compréhension." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5004.
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L'objet de cette thèse est de cerner les mécanismes de la lecture en langue 2 (L2, c'est-à-dire une langue étrangère apprise à un niveau avancé en dehors du pays où la langue se pratique) et seconde (LS, apprise dans un pays où elle est utilisée) pour proposer une intervention pédagogique spécifique qui soutienne l'effort de compréhension des lecteurs. Cette recherche interdisciplinaire relève des domaines de la Psychologie et des Sciences du langage (plus particulièrement de la didactique des langues). Elle s'ouvre aussi sur les nouvelles technologies, propices au développement de la compréhension écrite. Dans la partie théorique, nous résumons les connaissances actuelles dans le domaine de la compréhension de textes et de l'ingénierie des L2 et LS. Dans la partie expérimentale, un outil pédagogique a été créé et testé à travers trois études (menées en anglais L2, puis en français LS). Cet outil de type méthodologique consiste à guider la lecture de plusieurs documents qui portent sur un même thème. Les méthodes pédagogiques et expérimentales ont été améliorées au fil de ces trois études. L'utilisation de l'outil pédagogique a eu des répercussions bénéfiques sur la compréhension. En conclusion, un modèle pédagogique sur la compréhension écrite en langue 2 / seconde fait ressortir l'intérêt de certains principes didactiques tels que l'approche globale des textes, la lecture en plusieurs phases, et un soutien de l'attention portée aux sources et aux idées-clés des textes. Enfin, nous présentons le cahier des charges d'une version informatisée de notre outil pédagogique pour un développement approfondi et individualisé de la compréhension écrite<br>The purpose of this study is to understand the processes involved in the comprehension of texts in a second language, and to propose an intervention that enhances readers' comprehension strategies. This work draws on theories of Psychology and Language Science (language didactics in particular), but it also includes some interest for language learning in virtual environments, that can be relevant to promote text comprehension. Three experiments were conducted to analyse the impact of a pedagogical tool created to support reading comprehension at a methodological level. More exactly, the tool aimed to guide the reader when facing several texts that treat the same topic. Its effectiveness was tested in English and French as a second language. As anticipated, the use of the tool led to to positive outcomes on the comprehension of the texts as evidenced in essay writing and question answering tasks. To conclude that research, a pedagogical model about second language reading is proposed. The model highlights the relevance of some didactical principles like global approach, reading by stages, but also supporting attention to texts' sources and main ideas. Moreover, a computerized version of the tool, which would place readers in an individualized learning context, is described. Its implementation is considered as a follow up of the present research
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Ingelmann, Julian. "Die Wortkrieger des Web 2.0." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-12DB-0.
Full textBooks on the topic "Writer 4000"
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Hutchinson, G. O. Rhythmic Prose in Imperial Greek Literature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0001.
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The chapter looks at the division between poetry and prose in ancient and other literatures, and shows the importance of rhythmic patterning in ancient prose. The development of rhythmic prose in Greek and Latin is sketched, the system explained and illustrated (from Latin). It is firmly established, for the first time, which of the main Greek non-Christian authors 31 BC–AD 300 write rhythmically. The method takes a substantial sample of random sentence-endings (usually 400) from each of a large number of Imperial authors; it compares that sample with one sample of the same size (400) drawn randomly from a range of authors earlier than the invention of this rhythmic system. A particular sort of X2-test is applied. Many Imperial authors, it emerges, write rhythmically; many do not. The genres most likely to offer rhythmic writing are, unexpectedly, narrative: historiography and the novel.
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Denemark, Robert A., ed. The International Studies Encyclopedia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780191842665.001.0001.
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Over 400 entriesThe International Studies Encyclopedia, published in association with the International Studies Association (ISA), is the most comprehensive reference work of its kind for the fields of international studies and international relations. It brings together specially commissioned, peer reviewed essays, written and edited by an international team of the world's best scholars and teachers.Key features:• Primarily organized around the different sections representing areas of specialization within the International Studies Association• Over 400 specially commissioned, peer reviewed essays of up to 10,000 words focusing on the most important topics and issues• Written and edited by an international team of the world’s best scholars and teachers and overseen by an editorial board comprising 28 past and present Presidents of ISA
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Etheridge, Luci, and Alex Bonner, eds. Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Specialties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802907.001.0001.
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Maximise your exam success with this unique revision guide on core clinical specialties. The third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Specialties features over 400 Single Best Answer questions that are mapped to the medical school curricula. Packed with questions written by experienced doctors in each specialty, and rooted in real-life clinical encounters, this revision tool is an authoritative guide for students. Further reading resources and cross-references to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialties have been fully updated to expand your revision further on topics you find challenging.
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Ray, Keith, and Julian Thomas. Neolithic Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823896.001.0001.
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The Neolithic in Britain was a period of fundamental change: human communities were transformed, collectively owning domesticated plants and animals, and inhabiting a richer world of material things: timber houses and halls, pottery vessels, polished flint and stone axes, and massive monuments of earth and stone. Equally important was the development of a suite of new social practices, and an emphasis on descent, continuity and inheritance. These innovations set in train social processes that culminated with the construction of Stonehenge, the most remarkable surviving structure from prehistoric Europe. Neolithic Britain provides an up to date, concise introduction to the period of British prehistory from c. 4000-2200 BCE. Written on the basis of a new appreciation of the chronology of the period, the result reflects both on the way that archaeologists write narratives of the Neolithic, and how Neolithic people constructed histories of their own. Incorporating new insights from the extraordinary pace of archaeological discoveries in recent years, a world emerges which is unfamiliar, complex and challenging, and yet played a decisive role in forging the landscape of contemporary Britain. Important recent developments have resulted in a dual realisation: firstly, highly focused research into individual site chronologies can indicate precise and particular time narratives; and secondly, this new awareness of time implies original insights about the fabric of Neolithic society, embracing matters of inheritance, kinship and social ties, and the 'descent' of cultural practices. Moreover, our understanding of Neolithic society has been radically affected by individual discoveries and investigative projects, whether in the Stonehenge area, on mainland Orkney, or in less well-known localities across the British Isles. The new perspective provided in this volume stems from a greater awareness of the ways in which unfolding events and transformations in societies depend upon the changing relations between individuals and groups, mediated by objects and architecture. This concise panorama into Neolithic Britain offers new conclusions and an academically-stimulating but accessible overview. It covers key material and social developments, and reflects on the nature of cultural practices, tradition, genealogy, and society across nearly two millennia.
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Vivanco, Luis A. A Dictionary of Cultural Anthropology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780191836688.001.0001.
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Over 400 entriesThis new dictionary provides concise, authoritative definitions for a range of concepts relating to cultural anthropology, as well as important findings and intellectual figures in the field. Entries include adaptation, kinship, scientific racism, and writing culture, providing its readers with a wide-ranging overview of the subject.This accessibly written and engaging text presents anthropology as a dynamic and lively field of enquiry. Complemented by a global list of anthropological organizations, more than 15 figures and tables to illustrate the entries, and weblinks pointing to useful external sources, this is an essential text for undergraduates studying anthropology, and also serves those studying allied subjects such as politics, economics, geography, sociology, and gender studies.
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Foot, Sarah, and Chase F. Robinson, eds. The Oxford History of Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199236428.001.0001.
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How was history written in Europe and Asia between 400–1400? How was the past understood in religious, social, and political terms? And in what ways does the diversity of historical writing in this period mask underlying commonalities in narrating the past? The volume tackles these and other questions. Part I provides comprehensive overviews of the development of historical writing in societies that range from the Korean Peninsula to north-west Europe, which together highlight regional and cultural distinctiveness. Part II complements the first part by taking a thematic and comparative approach; it includes chapters on genre, warfare, and religion (amongst others) which address common concerns of historians working in this liminal period before the globalizing forces of the early modern world.
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Haivry, Ofir. John Selden and the Jewish Religious Fountainhead of the International Law of the Sea. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805878.003.0006.
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Modern international maritime law (IML) was born primarily out of two works, written about 400 years ago: Mare Liberum (1609) by Hugo Grotius, which argued for a complete freedom of the seas; and Mare Clausum (1635), by John Selden (1584–1654) arguing for the principle and practice of dominion and ownership over tracts of sea. Until relatively recently IML tended far more towards Grotius, since technological limitations limited application of Selden’s view mainly to the concept of the ‘territorial waters’. However, in the last three decades, as technological advances enable the establishment of far wider areas of maritime control and ever more ambitious finds of resources lying under the sea-bed, there has been a dramatic rise in the import of John Selden’s ideas for IML.
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Sperber, Daniel. The City in Roman Palestine. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195098822.001.0001.
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This book is a study of the city and urban life in Roman Palestine during the Talmudic period, 100-400 B.C. Rather than focus on a specific city, Daniel Sperber synthesizes what is known about city life in Talmudic Palestine to create a paradigmatic hypothetical Palestinian city. Drawing on numerous literary records for his information, he describes the structure and use of many physical aspects of the city, such as its markets, pubs, streets, bathhouses, roads, walls, toilets, and water supply. Rounding out the study is a chapter describing the archeological evidence, written by Sperber's colleague, Professor Joshua Schwartz. With the recent upsurge of interest in urbanization in the Greco-Roman world, The City in Roman Palestine will attract not only scholars of Judaic literature and history, but also classicists and ancient historians.
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Nicholson, Oliver. The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001.
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Over 5,000 entriesThe first comprehensive, multi-disciplinary reference work covering every aspect of history, culture, religion, and life in Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East (including the Persian Empire and Central Asia) between c. AD 250 to 750, the era now generally known as Late Antiquity. This period saw the re-establishment of the Roman Empire, its conversion to Christianity and its replacement in the West by Germanic kingdoms, the continuing Roman Empire in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Persian Sassanian Empire, and the rise of Islam.Consisting of more than 1.5 million words, drawing on the latest scholarship, and written by more than 400 contributors, it bridges a significant period of history between those covered by the acclaimed Oxford Classical Dictionary and The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages, and aims to establish itself as the essential reference companion to this period.
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Kabay, Sarah. Access, Quality, and the Global Learning Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896865.001.0001.
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Around the world, 250 million children cannot read, write, or perform basic mathematics. They represent almost 40 percent of all primary school-aged children. This situation has come to be called the “Global Learning Crisis,” and it is one of the most critical challenges facing the world today. Work to address this situation depends on how it is understood. Typically, the Global Learning Crisis and efforts to improve primary education are defined in relation to two terms: access and quality. This book is focused on the connection between them. In a mixed-methods case study, this book provides detailed, contextualized analysis of Ugandan primary education. As one of the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa to enact dramatic and far-reaching primary education policy, Uganda serves as a compelling case study. With both quantitative and qualitative data from over 400 Ugandan schools and communities, the book analyzes grade repetition, private primary schools, and school fees, viewing each issue as an illustration of the connection between access to education and education quality. This analysis finds evidence of a positive association, challenging a key assumption that there is a trade-off or disconnect between efforts to improve access to education and efforts to improve education quality. The book concludes that embracing the complexity of education systems and focusing on dynamics where improvements in access and quality can be mutually reinforcing can be a new approach for improving basic education in contexts around the world.
Book chapters on the topic "Writer 4000"
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Weik, Martin H. "writer." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21261.
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Weik, Martin H. "display writer." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_5361.
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Weik, Martin H. "output writer." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13360.
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Weik, Martin H. "system output writer." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_18914.
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Weik, Martin H. "write." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21247.
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Weik, Martin H. "write access." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21248.
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Weik, Martin H. "write enable." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21251.
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Weik, Martin H. "write error." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21253.
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Weik, Martin H. "write head." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21254.
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Weik, Martin H. "write inhibit." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_21255.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Writer 4000"
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Laarmann-Quante, Ronja, Stefanie Dipper, and Eva Belke. "The making of the Litkey Corpus, a richly annotated longitudinal corpus of German texts written by primary school children." In Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4006.
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Carrier, Julien, Martin Bernier, and Réal Vallée. "Fiber Bragg grating operating in the visible range written with 400 nm femtosecond pulses and a phase-mask." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2012.bm2d.2.
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Honjo, H., T. V. A. Nguyen, T. Watanabe, et al. "First demonstration of field-free SOT-MRAM with 0.35 ns write speed and 70 thermal stability under 400°C thermal tolerance by canted SOT structure and its advanced patterning/SOT channel technology." In 2019 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm19573.2019.8993443.
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Surendran, Prabu, Sahil Gupta, Tiberiu Preda, and Igor Pioro. "Comparison of Existing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Transfer Correlations for Horizontal and Vertical Bare Tubes." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54630.
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This paper presents a thorough analysis of ability of various heat transfer correlations to predict wall temperatures and Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTCs) against experiments on internal forced-convective heat transfer to supercritical carbon dioxide conducted by Koppel [1], He [2], Kim [3] and Bae [4]. It should be noted the Koppel dataset was taken from a paper which used the Koppel data but was not written by Koppel. All experiments were completed in bare tubes with diameters from 0.948 mm to 9 mm for horizontal and vertical configurations. The datasets contain a total of 1573 wall temperature points with pressures ranging from 7.58 to 9.59 MPa, mass fluxes of 400 to 1641 kg/m2s and heat fluxes from 20 to 225 kW/m2. The main objective of the study was to compare several correlations and select the best of them in predicting HTC and wall temperature values for supercritical carbon dioxide. This study will be beneficial for analyzing heat exchangers involving supercritical carbon dioxide, and for verifying scaling parameters between CO2 and other fluids. In addition, supercritical carbon dioxide’s use as a modeling fluid is necessary as the costs of experiments are lower than supercritical water. The datasets were compiled and calculations were performed to find HTCs and wall and bulk-fluid temperatures using existing correlations. Calculated results were compared with the experimental ones. The correlations used were Mokry et al. [5], Swenson et al. [6] and a set of new correlations presented in Gutpa et al. [7]. Statistical error calculations were performed are presented in the paper.
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Vieira, Leonardo S., Carlos F. Matt, Vanessa G. Guedes, Manuel E. Cruz, and Fernando V. Castello˜es. "Optimization of the Operation of a Complex Combined-Cycle Cogeneration Plant Using a Professional Process Simulator." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66717.
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Thermoeconomic optimization is a relatively modern technique to analyze and design more efficient energy systems, leading to a better compromise between energetic efficiency and cost. Thermoeconomic optimization can be parametric (plant configuration is fixed), applicable both at the design phase or the operation phase of an energy system, or structural (plant configuration may vary). In practice, mathematical thermoeconomic optimization may be accomplished in two ways: (i) the conventional way, which manipulates all pertinent equations simultaneously, or (ii) integrated with a professional process simulator, such that the equations are manipulated separately. In the latter case, the simulator deals with the thermodynamic property and balance equations, while an external optimization routine, linked to the simulator, deals with the economic equations and objective function. In this work a previous implementation of an integrated approach for parametric mathematical thermoeconomic optimization of complex thermal systems is applied to an actual combined-cycle cogeneration plant located in the outskirts of the city of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. The simulator is the Thermoflex software, which interfaces with the MS-Excel program. Thus, the Powell’s method for optimization integrated with Thermoflex is written in the VBA language. The plant contains more than 60 thermal components, including two gas turbines, one steam turbine, and two heat recovery steam generators. Simulation of one operational condition of the plant requires several hundred variables. The plant produces nominally 380 MW of power, and exports a mass flow rate between 200 and 400 ton/h of superheated process steam, at 45 bar and 404°C, to a neighboring refinery. The cogeneration plant operates subjected to an economic scenario, which changes with time, because of varying fuel, electricity, and steam prices. Therefore, to manage the plant, it is important to know the minimum operational cost, when a fixed contracted hourly-rate of process steam has to be exported, while a variable amount of electrical power is produced. An optimization problem can thus be formulated, for which the objective is to minimize the cost of consumed resources per unit electrical power generated. Results of optimization exercises to determine the optimal operational conditions of the plant for various exported mass flow rates of process steam are presented and discussed.
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McQuillan, Kevin W., Gary L. Milne, and Gavin Smith. "Achieving a Leak Free Start Up: Impossible Dream or Achievable Project?" In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1871.
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Large petrochemical plants are shutdown periodically for maintenance and inspection. During the shutdowns a large number of gasketted joints are dismantled in order to gain access to the equipment, and subsequently remade at the end of the shutdown. In order to ensure the integrity of the pressure envelope, the plant systems are leak tested with high-pressure nitrogen prior to the introduction of hydrocarbons. If leaks from gasketted joints are discovered during this process, it becomes necessary to de-pressure the systems in order that the joints can be remade. During the 1990 Shutdown of the Huntsman Olefins6 plant at Wilton, approximately 200 gasketted joints were required to be remade during leak testing. This caused significant and costly delays to the start up of the plant. Later analysis showed that the leaks were the result of poor standards in the making and checking of the gasketted joints. A new joint making procedure was written for the 1993 and 1997 shutdowns, and this included a requirement for joints to be traceable by a tagging system to the technician who made the joint. The number of remakes reduced dramatically, to approximately 10 in each of the two shutdowns. In preparation for the 2002 shutdown engineers at Wilton set a target of achieving ZERO remakes during leak testing after the shutdown. This was a great challenge, especially given that approximately 7000 joints were to be remade by 400 technicians. The project was developed in partnership with Hedley Purvis Limited, who supplied design services for calculating residual bolt loads, and Klinger UK Limited, who supplied gaskets for use during the shutdown. The Olefins Joint Making procedure was further developed, requiring full traceability and the use of controlled tightening of joints to a pre-defined load. Great emphasis was placed on the role of people in effective joint making, and in ensuring that each technician was carefully briefed and validated in his understanding of the importance to the business of high standards in joint making. A training video was prepared to help in the process of gaining the understanding and involvement of the technicians and their supervisors. Hedley Purvis and Klinger supported Huntsman in the development of the video, and in the delivery of the training and validation exercise. The project was a great success, and resulted in the first “leak free” start up of the Olefins6 plant. The paper will described the project in detail, and will include a showing of the training video.