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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Writer Identification'
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Greening, Christopher. "Automatic writer identification for forensic document analysis." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520166.
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Gilliam, Tara. "Writer identification in medieval and modern handwriting." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2398/.
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Writer identification is the task of associating a handwriting sample with the identity of the correct writer. It can be used to confirm or refute the authenticity of a document, or to link together documents produced by the same writer. This problem has applications in several areas, including forensics and palaeography -- the study of historical books and writings. Rigorous manual writer identification requires the exhaustive comparison of character details, and is very time-consuming, making computer automation of all or part of this process attractive. Most research into automated writer identification has originated in forensic science, although more recently applications to historical texts are increasing. With mass digitisation of texts on the rise in libraries and collections, organising this new data is a growing problem. However, different types of writing have different characteristics, and require different handling. This thesis focuses on how medieval English manuscripts from the 14th--15th centuries compare to the contemporary handwriting datasets used for much of the research and feature development in this area. The work presented here is based on an in-depth application of the grapheme codebook approach to offline writer identification. It finds domain-specific considerations throughout the process, particularly in grapheme creation and comparison and in the influence of document sources on system accuracy. Additionally, over the course of the data analysis, methods are proposed for the visualisation of extracted features, for quantifying the impact of sample source on identification accuracy, and for a nearest-neighbour-based verification system.
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He, Zhenyu. "Writer identification using wavelet, contourlet and statistical models." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/767.
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Duncan-Drake, Natasha. "Exploiting human expert techniques in automated writer identification." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365222.
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Bulacu, Marius Lucian. "Statistical pattern recognition for automatic writer identification and verification." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/300341644.
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Siddiqi, Imran-Ahmed. "Classification of handwritten documents : writer recognition." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S013.
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Malgré les prédictions d'un monde sans papier et le développement des documents électroniques, les documents manuscrits ont gardé leur importance et les problèmes de l'identification et de l'authentification des auteurs ont constitué un domaine de recherche actif au cours de ces dernières années. Nous avons développé une méthode efficace pour la reconnaissance automatique de scripteur à partir des images de texte manuscrit offline. Notre méthode repose sur deux aspects différents de l'écriture, la présence des formes redondantes dans l'écriture et des attributs visuels de l'écriture. En nous basant sur l'hypothèse qu'un individu utilise certaines formes plus fréquemment que les autres quand il écrit, nous espérons extraire ces formes en analysant des petits fragments d'écriture et en regroupant les formes similaires dans des classes. Ces classes sont déterminées soit pour chacun des scripteurs séparément ou pour un groupe de scripteurs générant un ensemble universel de formes. L'écriture en question est ensuite comparée à ces classes de formes produites. Ensuite, nous exploitons les deux importants attributs visuels de l'écriture, l'orientation et la courbure, qui permettent de distinguer une écriture d'une autre. Ces attributs sont extraits par le calcul d'un ensemble de caractéristiques à différents niveaux d'observation. Deux écritures sont ensuite comparées en calculant les distances entre leurs caractéristiques respectives. Enfin, nous combinons les deux facettes de l'écriture pour caractériser le scripteur d'un échantillon manuscrit. En utilisant ces caractéristiques, on obtient des taux d'identification qui sont comparables aux meilleurs résultats rapportés à ce jour pour l'identification de scripteur hors ligne<br>The problem of identifying the writer of a handwritten document image has been an active research area over the last few years and enjoys applications in forensic and historical document analysis. We have developed an effective method for automatic writer identification and verification from unconstrained handwritten text images. Our method relies on two different aspects of writing: the presence of redundant patterns in the writing and its visual attributes. Based on the hypothesis that handwriting carries certain patterns that an individual would use frequently as he writes, we look to extract these patterns by analyzing small writing fragments and grouping similar patterns into clusters. In fact this corresponds more to the redundancy of writing gestures than writing shapes. These clusters are determined either for each of the writers separately or, for a group of writers generating a universal set of patterns. The writing in question is then compared to the produced clusters. We next exploit two important visual attributes of writing, the orientation and curvature, which enable to distinguish one writing from another. These attributes are extracted by computing a set of features from writing samples at different levels of observation. Two writings are then compared by computing distances between their respective features. Finally, we combine the two facets of handwriting to characterize the writer of a handwritten sample. The proposed methodology, evaluated on modern as well as ancient writings exhibited promising results on tasks of writer recognition and handwriting classification
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Christlein, Vincent [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Maier, Andreas [Gutachter] Maier, and Robert [Gutachter] Sablatnig. "Handwriting Analysis with Focus on Writer Identification and Writer Retrieval / Vincent Christlein ; Gutachter: Andreas Maier, Robert Sablatnig ; Betreuer: Andreas Maier." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185758771/34.
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Chapran, Joulia. "An investigation of automatic writer identification based on small scale handwriting samples." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396379.
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Hagström, Adrian, and Rustam Stanikzai. "Writer identification using semi-supervised GAN and LSR method on offline block characters." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43316.
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Block characters are often used when filling out forms, for example when writing ones personal number. The question of whether or not there is recoverable, biometric (identity related) information within individual digits of hand written personal numbers is then relevant. This thesis investigates the question by using both handcrafted features and extracting features via Deep learning (DL) models, and successively limiting the amount of available training samples. Some recent works using DL have presented semi-supervised methods using Generative adveserial network (GAN) generated data together with a modified Label smoothing regularization (LSR) function. Using this training method might improve performance on a baseline fully supervised model when doing authentication. This work additionally proposes a novel modified LSR function named Bootstrap label smooting regularizer (BLSR) designed to mitigate some of the problems of previous methods, and is compared to the others. The DL feature extraction is done by training a ResNet50 model to recognize writers of a personal numbers and then extracting the feature vector from the second to last layer of the network.Results show a clear indication of recoverable identity related information within the hand written (personal number) digits in boxes. Our results indicate an authentication performance, expressed in Equal error rate (EER), of around 25% with handcrafted features. The same performance measured in EER was between 20-30% when using the features extracted from the DL model. The DL methods, while showing potential for greater performance than the handcrafted, seem to suffer from fluctuation (noisiness) of results, making conclusions on their use in practice hard to draw. Additionally when using 1-2 training samples the handcrafted features easily beat the DL methods.When using the LSR variant semi-supervised methods there is no noticeable performance boost and BLSR gets the second best results among the alternatives.
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Fornés, Bisquerra Alicia. "Writer Identification by a Combination of Graphical Features in the Framework of Old Handwritten Music Scores." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3063.
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Wahlberg, Fredrik. "Interpreting the Script : Image Analysis and Machine Learning for Quantitative Studies of Pre-modern Manuscripts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för visuell information och interaktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314211.
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The humanities have for a long time been a collection of fields that have not gained from the advancements in computational power, as predicted by Moore´s law. Fields like medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, geology and economics have all developed quantitative tools that take advantage of the exponential increase of processing power over time. Recent advances in computerized pattern recognition, in combination with a rapid digitization of historical document collections around the world, is about to change this. The first part of this dissertation focuses on constructing a full system for finding handwritten words in historical manuscripts. A novel segmentation algorithm is presented, capable of finding and separating text lines in pre-modern manuscripts. Text recognition is performed by translating the image data of the text lines into sequences of numbers, called features. Commonly used features are analysed and evaluated on manuscript sources from the Uppsala University library Carolina Rediviva and the US Library of Congress. Decoding the text in the vast number of photographed manuscripts from our libraries makes computational linguistics and social network analysis directly applicable to historical sources. Hence, text recognition is considered a key technology for the future of computerized research methods in the humanities. The second part of this thesis addresses digital palaeography, using a computers superior capacity for endlessly performing measurements on ink stroke shapes. Objective criteria of character shapes only partly catches what a palaeographer use for assessing similarity. The palaeographer often gets a feel for the scribe's style. This is, however, hard to quantify. A method for identifying the scribal hands of a pre-modern copy of the revelations of saint Bridget of Sweden, using semi-supervised learning, is presented. Methods for production year estimation are presented and evaluated on a collection with close to 11000 medieval charters. The production dates are estimated using a Gaussian process, where the uncertainty is inferred together with the most likely production year. In summary, this dissertation presents several novel methods related to image analysis and machine learning. In combination with recent advances of the field, they enable efficient computational analysis of very large collections of historical documents.<br>q2b
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Zieba, Maciej. "Multistage neural networks for pattern recognition." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2087.
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In this work the concept of multistage neural networks is going to be presented. The possibility of using this type of structure for pattern recognition would be discussed and examined with chosen problem from eld area. The results of experiment would be confront with other possible methods used for the problem.
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Sardinha, Antonio Paulo Berber. "Automatic identification of segments in written texts." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364227.
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Gyllgård, Lina. "Gender differences in Swedish students’ written texts and students’ identification of female and male language features." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-639.
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<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate if any linguistic differences between the sexes can be found in Swedish students’ compositions in English. My aim was also to investigate what features students perceive to be typically male or female. By studying a number of Swedish students’ English compositions, I was able to detect differences between boys’ and girls’ language and also compare my discoveries with earlier research. I investigated both the features that separate the genders in their writing and also what students identified as female and male language use. In my investigation, I found some linguistic differences between the sexes which were more distinct than others; for example their use of stative and dynamic verbs. But, on the other hand, I found no noticeable difference between boys’ and girls’ use of adjectives; words which are often said to be more commonly used by girls.</p>
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Vahine, Théodora. "Traitements visuels précoces du langage écrit : études chez l'enfant et l'adulte jeune." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0857/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier l’implication des systèmes visuels magnocellulaire et parvocellulaire dans le traitement de langage écrit, spécialement dans l’identification des mots. Quatre études expérimentales ont été réalisées afin de documenter le rôle respectif de ces deux systèmes pour différentes composantes de la structure du mot écrit, la lettre (Etude 1), la longueur du mot (Etude 2) et l’enveloppe du mot (Etude 3), ainsi que le voisinage orthographique (Etude 4). La dissociation des deux sous-systèmes visuels se fondait sur leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles spécifiques : sensibilité aux fréquences spatiales basses et au contraste de luminance pour le système magnocellulaire ; sensibilité aux fréquences spatiales moyennes et élevées et au contraste chromatique pour le système parvocellulaire. Les participants étaient des adultes jeunes normolecteurs et des enfants de 10-11 ans, lecteurs novices, afin d’envisager l’implication de chaque système visuel à deux étapes de leur développement : maturité chez l’adulte jeune ; en cours de maturation chez l’enfant. Les résultats ont confirmé le rôle prépondérant des traitements parvocellulaires, ce qui corroborait le privilège accordé au traitement des lettres et traits des lettres dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots. Le traitement de la longueur du mot s’est en revanche révélé être une dimension sélectivement magnocellulaire. L’ensemble des résultats est discuté dans le cadre de l’approche coarse-to-fine<br>The main objective was to study the implication of the magnocellular and the parvocellular visual systems in written language processing, specifically in word identification. Four studies were carried out to document the respective roles of these two systems, for different components of the written word structure, the letter (Study 1), the word length (Study 2), the word shape (Study 3) and the orthographic neighborhood (Study 4). The dissociation of the two visual systems was based on their specific functional characteristics: sensitivity to low spatial frequencies and luminance contrast for the magnocellular system; and sensitivity to medium and high spatial frequencies and chromatic contrast for the parvocellular system. The participants were young adult normal readers and 10-11 years-old children, novice readers, in order to consider the involvement of each visual system at two stages of their development: mature in young adults while still maturing in the children. The results confirmed the prominent role of parvocellular processing, which was consistent with the privilege accorded to the processing of letters and letters features in visual word recognition. On the other hand, word length processing has been shown to be a selectively magnocellular dimension. All results are discussed in the framework of the coarse-to-fine approach
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Kleinsz, Nina. "Evaluation informatisée de la lecture et aide au traitement grapho-syllabique chez les faibles lecteurs." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20021.
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L’objectif de ce travail est double. Il s’agit premièrement de participer au développement d’un logiciel d’évaluation des processus cognitifs engagés lors de l’identification des mots écrits. Ce dispositif informatisé (Tinfolec) évalue les processus d’identification des mots écrits et les traitements phonologiques et visuo-orthographiques sous-jacents. Il a été mis au point au cours de plusieurs pré-expérimentations. Deuxièmement, l’efficacité d’un entraînement informatisé grapho-syllabique a été testée auprès d’enfants faibles lecteurs débutants. En effet, partant du double constat que a) la syllabe est une unité intermédiaire de traitement au début de la lecture en français et b) l’entraînement informatisé aux correspondances grapho-phonologiques améliore l’identification des mots écrits, nous nous attendions à ce qu’un entraînement grapho-syllabique aide les plus faibles lecteurs à améliorer leurs performances dans ce domaine. Une procédure classique en 3 phrases, pré-test/entraînement/post-tests et une comparaison de deux groupes d’enfants, expérimental et contrôle, a été utilisée. Différents post-tests différés ont permis de tester le maintien des effets d’entraînement. Les résultats vont en faveur de l’hypothèse selon laquelle la syllabe est effectivement une unité de traitement privilégiée en français au début de l’apprentissage de la lecture<br>The aim of this work was twofold. The first one was to contribute to the development of a software evaluating the cognitive processes involved in written words identification by the means of several pre-experimentations. This device (Tinfolec) evaluates written word identification and its underlying phonological and visual-orthographic processing. Secondly, we tested the effectiveness of a computerized grapho-syllabic training in French beginning poor readers. Based on the two facts that a) the syllable is an intermediate treatment unit in beginning reading in French and b) computerized training of grapho-phonological correspondences improves word identification, we expected that trained poor readers improve in reading. The classical 3-periods-procedure including pre-test/training/post-tests and a comparison of two groups of children, experimental and control, were used. Different post-tests permitted to test the maintenance of the training effects. The results are in favor of the hypothesis that the syllable indeed is an intermediate treatment unit in the French reading process
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Moreira, Ana Rita da Silva. "Biossegurança e rastreabilidade de dispositivos médicos feitos por medida entre a clínica de medicina dentária e o laboratório de prótese." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4377.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária<br>A prótese dentária destina-se à substituição das peças dentárias perdidas, com o restabelecimento da função oral e atendendo às suas características e finalidade, são classificadas como dispositivos médicos (DM). A sua elaboração envolve uma interacção entre o profissional de saúde, assistentes e técnicos do laboratório de prótese. Esta revisão narrativa teve como propósito catalogar e definir os DM em Medicina Dentária, em particular os dispositivos médicos feitos por medida (DMFM, próteses dentárias); Pretendeu-se ainda enumerar as principais vias de transmissão de infecções e os conceitos gerais acerca da biossegurança que orientam o controlo de infecção relativamente aos ambientes clínico e laboratorial, nas reabilitações com DMFM; rever orientações da literatura quanto à comunicação entre o laboratório de prótese e a clínica de Medicina Dentária, particularmente quanto às possibilidades de rastreabilidade dos DMFM, em termos de controlo e biossegurança, e seus contributos para a prática clínica. A pesquisa foi efectivada aplicando a seguinte terminologia: “medical device”, “classification”, “CE mark”, “custom-made”, “dental prostheses”, “instructions for use”, “single-use”, “reprocessing”, “cross infection”, “dental office”, “prosthodontic”, “infection control”, “disinfection”, “sterilization”, “traceability”, “communication”, “written instructions”, “quality”, “dental laboratory”, “identification”, “unique device identification”, “denture marking” e “bar code” e teve por base estudos de revisão sistemática, revisão, observacionais transversais, orientações e decretos-lei. A biossegurança é um conceito que reflecte as medidas preventivas que deverão ser adoptadas visando o controlo dos riscos existentes na confecção de um DMFM, sendo que implica uma coordenação entre equipas (Médico Dentista/Pessoal Auxiliar/laboratório) de modo a garantir o cumprimento de medidas que evitem a transmissão de microrganismos; A rastreabilidade consiste no conhecimento do ciclo de vida de um produto, sendo que os registos escritos das distintas acções e tecnologias que permitam a identificação destes dispositivos contribuem para este facto. A segurança do paciente e de todos os profissionais que estão envolvidos no processo de fabrico das próteses dentárias deve ser uma prioridade, sendo que o cumprimento dos critérios de documentação facilita a rastreabilidade e o controlo de qualidade e segurança do DMFM. Dental prosthesis is intended for replacement of lost dental pieces restoring the oral function and, taking into account their characteristics and purpose, are classified as Medical Devices (MD). Its preparation involves an interaction between the dental professionals, dental assistants and dental lab technicians. This narrative review aimed to catalog and define the MD in dentistry, in particular custom-made medical devices (CMMD, dentures); It was still intended to enumerate the main routes of infection transmission and general concepts about bio-safety that guide infection control in relation to clinical and laboratory environments during rehabilitation with CMMD; to review literature guidelines concerning communication between laboratory and dental clinics, particularly as to the possibilities of CMMD traceability in terms of control and bio-safety, and their contributions to clinical practice. The research used the following terminology: "medical device", "classification", "CE mark", "custom-made", "dental prostheses", "instructions for use", "single-use", "reprocessing" "cross infection", "dental office", "prosthodontic," "infection control", "disinfection", "sterilization", "traceability", "communication", "written instructions", "quality", "dental laboratory", "identification", "unique device identification", "denture marking" and "bar code" and methodology included, systematic and narrative reviews, cross-sectional observational studies, guidelines and law directives. Biosafety is a concept that reflects the preventive measures to be taken, concerning the auditing of existing risks, regarding elaboration of CMMD, and that implies coordination between teams (Dentist/dental Assistants / Lab technicians’) to ensure compliance with measures to prevent microorganisms transmissions; Traceability is the knowledge of the life cycle of a product, and the written records of different actions and technologies that enable the identification of these devices contribute to this. Patient safety and all professionals who are involved in the manufacture of dental prostheses process should be a priority, and the fulfillment of the documentation facilitates CMMD traceability, safety and quality controls.
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Navarro, Marion. "Utilisation de la tablette digitale pour réduire les difficultés dans l'apprentissage de la lecture." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2088.
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L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse est de discuter de la place de la tablette tactile dans un dispositif d'enseignement adapté et ciblé auprès d'enfants détectés à risque de difficultés ultérieures en lecture. Pour répondre à cet objectif et après avoir étayé notre propos avec les résultats de la littérature scientifique, deux axes sont présentés. Un axe expérimental, composé de trois études, nous a permis de mesurer l’impact d’un entrainement spécifique intensif et individuel, via la tablette tactile, sur les performances en identification de mots écrits d’élèves de GSM et de CP faibles (pré)lecteurs. Plus précisément, les résultats du suivi longitudinal des élèves susmentionnés à court et moyen termes semblent aller en faveur d’une amélioration de la conscience phonologique et du traitement grapho-syllabique. Le second axe s’attachait à mettre en lumière l’importance des critères ergonomiques de développement de deux applications ludo-éducatives. Les résultats des évaluations subjectives permettent d’identifier les points nécessitant un travail supplémentaire, ces points pouvant entraver le traitement d’informations cruciales pour l’apprentissage de la lecture<br>The main objective of this thesis work is to discuss the place of the touch-screen tablet in an adapted and targeted teaching system with children detected at risk of subsequent difficulties in reading. To meet this objective, we have presented two main axes, based on the results of the scientific literature. An experimental axis, made up of three studies, allowed us to measure the impact of a specific intensive and individual training, via the touch-screen tablet, on the performances in written words identification of poor (pre)readers in Kindergarten and First Grade. More precisely, the results of the longitudinal follow-up of the aforementioned students seem to be in favor of an improvement of the phonological awareness and the grapho-syllabic treatment. The second axis aims to highlight the importance of ergonomic criteria for the development of two edutainment apps. The results of the subjective evaluations identify points that requiring additional work, which may hinder the processing of crucial information for the learning of reading
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Garletti, Agnès. "Instrumentation du tuteur distant, par l’intermédiaire d’une typologie théorique des habiletés cognitives, afin d’identifier les stratégies cognitives de l’apprenant singulier d’un niveau A2 de français langue étrangère en compréhension écrite au sein d’un dispositif hybride de formation." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3007/document.
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Etant donné que dans les environnements universitaires d’enseignement et d’apprentissage à distance, le tuteur, dans son activité de perception, a des difficultés à détecter les stratégies cognitives à l’origine d’un blocage, ce qui nécessite une instrumentation spécifique pour visualiser l’activité cognitive de l’apprenant dans son parcours d’apprentissage médiatisé, notre problématique de recherche a pour finalité d’instrumenter le tuteur distant pour que cet acteur, d’une formation hybride sur la plateforme UMTICE, puisse identifier les stratégies cognitives en compréhension écrite de l’apprenant singulier de FLE. Cette problématique de recherche donne lieu à deux hypothèses de recherche visant pour la première la conception d'une typologie théorique des habiletés cognitives afin de nommer les stratégies cognitives que pourrait utiliser cet apprenant lors de la réalisation de tâches de compréhension écrite et pour la seconde à nuancer l'emploi de notre instrument par le tuteur distant dans sa fonction d'identification perceptivo-cognitive lors de l'expérimentation qui s'est déroulée dans un cours particulier du CIEF de l'Université Lumière Lyon 2<br>A Given that in his perception activities in university Online teaching and learning environments, the tutor has difficulty in detecting cognitive strategies that cause a blockage and which requires specific instrumentation for visualize the cognitive activity of the learner in his mediated learning path, our research objective is to instrument an On-line tutor for this actor with hybrid training on the UMTICE platform that can identify the cognitive strategies in the individual French as Foreign Language learner’s written comprehension. This research problem gives rise to two research hypotheses, first for the design of a theoretical typology of cognitive abilities in order to name the cognitive strategies that this learner could use when performing written comprehension tasks, and second to qualify the use of our tool by the On-line tutor in his perceptual cognitive identification function during the experiment that took place in a particular course at the CIEF of University Lumière Lyon 2
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Dalton, Emma Burnell. "Automated writer identification for Syriac scribes." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/15126.
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Olsen, Grant. "Reserves Overstatements: History, Enforcement, Identification, and Implications of New SEC Disclosure Requirements." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7907.
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Despite the need for accurate oil and gas reserves estimates which honor disclosure requirements of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a number of exploration and production companies have allegedly overstated and subsequently written down their reserves during the last 20 years. Reserves write-downs are of great interest to numerous groups involved in the reserves estimation process and outcome, including estimators, managers, investors, creditors, and regulators. Considering the magnitude and nature of some alleged overstatement cases, it appears that some of these parties may benefit from a better understanding of reserves reporting, the relative risk of overstatements, the regulatory environment and enforcement procedures, and identifying questionable reserves data. After discussing the context and importance of reserves and write-downs, there is a detailed examination of the SEC, including the agency's reserves reporting requirements, and their enforcement methods. A number of alleged overstatement and write-down "case studies" are presented, with details on the specific Federal Laws alleged to have been violated by corporations or individuals and then cited by the SEC and shareholder lawsuits. We also conclude that there may be greater write-down potential due to the updated SEC reserves reporting guidelines. A comprehensive series of systematic questions have been compiled and quick-look graphical techniques have been developed that may be used to gain insight into -and potentially raise questions about- an operator's reserves data.
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Chang, Shu-Ming, and 張書銘. "The Culture Writing and Identification Seeking of Bunun Writers－Taking Literature Works of Husluman Vava, Topas Tamapima, Neqou Soqluman as Examples." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58447349337018027652.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>台灣文學研究所<br>101<br>Disregarded and intruded by the dominant culture, the native culture of aborigines in Taiwan is gradually disappearing; however, the yield of indigenous literature works has increased greatly in these years, which can be regarded as the aborigines’ responses to the crisis of culture decline. So do the Bunun writers. This paper takes the literature works of Husluman Vava, Topas Tamapima and Neqou Soqluman as the research subjects, tries to explore the awareness of themes in their works. It finds that the literatures of Bunun writers have diversified, from the early works attacking the intrusion of dominant culture upon the aborigines, to the valuing for their own culture, describing their own lives, and even to the willing to redecorate Bunun cultures. This paper starts from the aspects appeared in the literature works of Bunun writers, including myths and legends, culture, religion belief, theme of ethnic groups and subjectivity construction appeared, and tries to analyze how the Bunun writers use the literature to resist the intrusion of dominant culture, seek for the ethnic identification and construct the literatures of Bunun people.
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Wang, Yu-Wen, and 王郁雯. "The Exploration of Taiwanese Writers'' "Ko-Min Literature" ( "Literature of Identification"): Illustrating with Huo-quan Chen''s and Jin-bo Zhou''s Novels." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52947051372887290060.
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Fang, Yu-Fan, and 方御凡. "A Simple Method to The Font Identification, Most Frequent Used Characters Recognition, and Machine- and Hand-Written Chinese Text Images Distinction." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53466511798548215083.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>電機工程學系<br>85<br>In this thesis, we rpoposed method to implement three major
functions that can offer great help for a traditional Optical
Chinese Character Recognition.The function include (1) to
identify the font used in a document; (2) to detect and
recognize the duplicates of the most frequently used characters;
and (3) todistinguish between the machine-printed and hand-
written documents.
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Chuang, Hui-Wen, and 莊惠雯. "A Study of the Writers from Other Provinces:The Tribal Identification of the First and Second Generations---Case Studies:Zhu Xi-Ning,Zhu Tian-Wen,and Zhu Tian-Xin." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dt9jf9.
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Sousa, Nuno Gabriel Rua de. "PIPE – Prova de Identificação de Palavras Escritas: Estudo exploratório da versão 3." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85310.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação<br>O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar algumas características psicométricas da Prova de Identificação de Palavras Escritas (PIPE) – Versão 3, um instrumento de avaliação da decodificação que visa identificar crianças do 1.º ano de escolaridade em risco de apresentarem dificuldades ao nível da leitura. A análise foca-se no índice de dificuldade dos itens, fidelidade teste-reteste, consistência interna, validade concorrente e validade preditiva. Atendendo a estes objetivos, foi realizado um estudo empírico utilizando uma amostra constituída por 97 alunos do 1.º ano de escolaridade (6 e 7 anos), avaliados em dois momentos temporais distintos. Os resultados revelaram que a PIPE – Versão 3 constitui um instrumento fidedigno e válido na avaliação da decodificação e, quando aplicada a meio do ano letivo, apresenta capacidade preditiva relativamente ao desempenho na fluência e precisão da leitura no final do ano letivo. Apresenta ainda correlações positivas e estatisticamente significativas com medidas de correspondência grafema-fonema (Teste de Ditado de Sons de Letras), capacidade intelectual (Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven), fluência e precisão da leitura (“O Rei” – Forma A) e com a avaliação da leitura realizada pelas docentes. No entanto, não apresentou uma correlação significativa com uma medida de conhecimento lexical (Vocabulário da Escala de Inteligência de Wechsler para Crianças – Terceira Edição). Conclui-se que a PIPE – Versão 3 é um instrumento pertinente e útil na identificação precoce de crianças em risco de apresentarem dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura.<br>The purpose of this study is to analyze some of the most important psychometric properties of the “Prova de Identificação de Palavras Escritas” (PIPE; Written Words Identification Test) – 3rd version, an assessment test that intends to identify first graders at risk of developing reading difficulties. Decoding is an important aspect of learning how to reading, especially in terms of reading fluency and comprehension, and its impact on reading development means that an early detection of difficulties at this level can reduce the chances of further reading difficulties. The analyzis focuses on the following psychometric aspects: item difficulty level, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, concurrent validity and predictive validity. The study included a sample of 97 first graders (6 and 7 years old), evaluated at two different times. Results suggest that PIPE – 3rd version is a reliable and valid assessment tool for decoding, and when administred at the middle of the school year can predict reading fluency and accuracy at the end of the school year. The results show positive and statistically significant correlation with grapheme-phoneme correspondence (“Teste de Ditado de Sons de Letras”), intelligence (Raven's Progressive Coloured Matrices), reading fluency and accuracy (“O Rei” – Form A), and the teachers evaluation of the students’ reading abilities. However, the PIPE did not show a statistical significant correlation with lexical knowledge (Vocabulary from Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Third Edition). These results show that PIPE - 3rd version is a useful and relevant instrument for the early identification of children at risk of developing difficulties in the reading process.