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Journal articles on the topic 'Writer synchronization'
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Mellor-Crummey, John M., and Michael L. Scott. "Scalable reader-writer synchronization for shared-memory multiprocessors." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 26, no. 7 (1991): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/109626.109637.
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Brandenburg, Björn B., and James H. Anderson. "Spin-based reader-writer synchronization for multiprocessor real-time systems." Real-Time Systems 46, no. 1 (2010): 25–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11241-010-9097-2.
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Maryanto, Ahmad, Nugroho Widijatmiko, Wismu Sunarmodo, Muhammad Soleh, and Rahmat Arief. "DEVELOPMENT OF PUSHBROOM AIRBORNE CAMERA SYSTEM USING MULTISPECTRUM LINE SCAN INDUSTRIAL CAMERA." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 13, no. 1 (2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2016.v13.a2701.
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One of the steps on mastery the remote sensing technology (inderaja) for satellite was the development of aerial camera prototype that could be an alternative for LAPAN light cargo aircraft mission (LAPAN Surveillance Aircraft, LSA-01). This system was expected could be operated to fulfill the emptiness or change the remote sensing data of optical satellite as the observer of vegetation covered by cloud. On this research, it was developed a prototype of pushbroom airborne camera 4-channels spectrum with very high resolution that worked on wavelength range seem near infra-red/ NIR used simple components that were available in the commercial market (commercial off-the-shelf/ COTS components). This research also developed georeference imagery software module used method of direct georeference rigorous model that had been applied on SPOT satellite. For this one, it was installed supported sensory for GPS and IMU as the writer of location coordinate and camera behavior while doing the imagery exposure or acquisition. The testing result gave confirmation that COTS components, such as industry camera LQ-200CL, and lower class GPS and IMU could be integrated became a cheaper remote sensing system, which its imagery product could be corrected systematically. The corrected data product showed images with GSD 0.4m still had positioning mistakes on average 157m (400 pixel) from the original position on GoogleEarth. On spectro-radiomatic aspect, the used camera had much higher sensitivity of NIR channel than the looked-channel so it caused bored faster. On the future, this system needed to be fixed by increasing the rate of GPS/ IMU data updates, and increased enough time resolution system so that the synchronization process and the availability supported data for completing more accurate georeference process. Besides, the sensitivity of NIR channel needed to be lower down to make it balance to the looked-channel.
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Yawshing Tang, Kiseok Moon, and Hyung Jai Lee. "Write Synchronization in Bit-Patterned Media." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 45, no. 2 (2009): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2008.2010642.
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Kawash, Jalal. "Process Synchronization with Readers and Writers Revisited." Journal of Computing and Information Technology 13, no. 1 (2005): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2498/cit.2005.01.04.
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Gao, Jintao, Wenjie Liu, and Zhanhuai Li. "A Strategy of Data Synchronization in Distributed System with Read Separating from Write." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 1 (2020): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203810209.
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Read separating from write is a strategy that NewSQL adopts to incorporate the advantages of traditional relation database and NoSQL database. Under this architecture, baseline data is split into multiple partitions stored at distributed physical nodes, while delta data is stored at single transaction node. For reducing the pressure of transaction node and improving the query performance, delta data needs to be synchronized into storage nodes. The current strategies trigger the procedure of data synchronization per partition, meaning that unchanged partitions will also participate in data synchronization, which consumes extra network cost, local IO and space resources. For improving the efficiency of data synchronization meanwhile mitigating space utilization, the fine-grained data synchronization strategy is proposed, whose main idea includes that fine-grained logical partitions upon original coarse-grained partitions is established, providing more correct synchronized unit; the delta data sensing strategy is introduced, which records the mapping between changed partitions and its delta data; instead of partition driven, the data synchronization through the delta-broadcasting mechanism is driven, constraining that only changed partitions can participate in data synchronization. The fine-grained data synchronization strategy on Oceanbase is implemented, which is a distributed database with read separating from write, and the results show that our strategy is better than other strategies in efficiency of data synchronizing and space utilization.
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Hara, Akihiro, Hiroaki Muraoka, and Simon J. Greaves. "Write synchronization for position-correlated granular media." Journal of Applied Physics 117, no. 17 (2015): 17A909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4916497.
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Lin, M. Y., J. W. M. Bergmans, G. Mathew, and S. W. Foo. "Characterization with embedded synchronization for read-write channels." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 37, no. 4 (2001): 1953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.951019.
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WU, Jian-jun. "Distributed bus synchronization algorithm based on read/write characteristics." Journal of Computer Applications 28, no. 1 (2008): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.00011.
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Lin, Maria Yu, Kheong Sann Chan, Melissa Chua, Songhua Zhang, Cai Kui, and Moulay Rachid Elidrissi. "Modeling for write synchronization in bit patterned media recording." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (2012): 07B918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3679022.
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Iskandar and Andi Anto Patak. "The significance of Mendeley usage on the accuracy of citation and references." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, no. 4 (2019): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.51.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the importance of Mendeley reference management software for the accuracy of citation writing and reference lists. This research method is qualitative, using a case study approach. This study asks students to write a brief impression about the importance of using citation manager software such as Mendeley in including citations and simultaneously compiling a bibliography. This research was conducted after students were trained using Mendeley. The subjects of this study were thirty-five students from a private college in the suburb of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Some impressions that appear in this research are citation accuracy, the accuracy of bibliography, synchronization of citations with bibliography, easy synchronization with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) features, and metadata or bibliographic data. Researchers grouped the impressions of students using FreeMind-MindMap software. This research can be concluded that Mendeley reference management software has citation writing accuracy and a significant reference list helps students write papers and or theses.
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Zhao, Bo, Zhihong Chen, Hai Lin, and XiangMin Ji. "A Constant Round Write-Only ORAM." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155366.
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The write-only oblivious RAM (ORAM) is proposed to efficiently protect the privacy of applications such as cloud storage synchronization and encrypted hidden volumes. For N blocks with size B = Ω(log2N), the most efficient write-only ORAM, DetWoORAM, achieves O(B) communication complexity with O(logN) rounds per logical write. We propose a two-level write-only ORAM and achieve O(B) communication complexity with O(1) rounds. Similar to the traditional bucket-based ORAM schemes, we set a rate for the write operation to further reduce the communication complexity. The top-level stores data blocks in a flat array and the write pattern is protected by writing blocks uniformly at random. The second level employs a binary tree to store the position map of data blocks. To avoid recursive storage, a static position map for blocks in the second level is used. Both the analysis and experiments show that, besides the achieved low communication complexity and rounds, the stash sizes in the top level and the second level are bounded to O(B) and ω(B), respectively.
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Hu, Hai Yan, and Hui Yan. "Study on Application of Database Synchronization Technology in the CDIO Teaching System Based on Android." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 5419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5419.
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As a breakthrough in teaching methods, the teaching system for CDIO talents training is extended to the Android mobile phone platform for engineering talents training better. This paper focuses on constructing the teaching system for CDIO talents training on the Android mobile platform, Hash digest algorithm is applied to the synchronization management of Android platform-based CDIO teaching system databases, significantly reduces the data traffic on the wireless network, and greatly enhances the data interaction between the embedded devices and servers. This application also dramatically reduces the number of write operations on the memory stack and improves the performance of the I/O read-write efficiency of the memory stack.
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Trigutomo, Wahyu Hadi. "DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF KNOWLEDGE AND AVAILABILITY OF LOCAL LEVEL OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA IN THE MIDDLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE THROUGH EDUCATION IN KUPANG VOCATIONAL PUBLIC SCHOOL." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU SOSIAL 26, no. 1 (2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpis.v26i1.8876.
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Nowadays, the availability of national food cannot accommodate all the food needs of nation’s people, especially in each region. This current issue is caused by the absence of an effective arrangement, the absence of synchronization among state institutions, especially among the agricultural, trade and housing agencies, and the presence of an extreme climate change currently. In addition, the issues of the regeneration of farmers that have not shown any continuity that had been cut off among the younger generations led to the changes in the pattern of community life in the region. Therefore, based on the aforesaid issues, this paper aims at finding out on how the strategy and policy of food development in the local food availability in the midst of climate change today can be overcome by changing the mindset of consumptive to productive young generation through agricultural education, utilization of empty land which is available for planting food crops, empowerment of farmer groups, socialization of the local food potentials in East Nusa Tenggara. As a result, the food security can be realized and the region cannot be dependent its food needs on the other regions. Therefore, the writer attempts to formulate the strategy of food security developments from education aspects through the Dick & Carey development strategy. Food is an important and strategic commodity for the region because food is the basic human need that must be provided collectively by the government and society as mandated by the Acts No. 7 of 1996 on food. With respect to the Acts No. 7 of 1996 on food, it is stated that the Government organizes the regulation, guidance, control and supervision of the community, and organizes the process of production and supply, trade, distribution and in the same time, the Government also serves as a consumer that is entitled to adequate food, in terms of quantity and quality, safety, nutrition, variety, equity, and affordability by all society. The availability of national food can be fully fulfilled if it is commenced from the food sufficiency in the levels of family. In regard to the local area, it is marked by the existence of food consumption which can fulfill the sufficiency of every individual, in terms of balanced nutrition. In fact, it then has an impact on sufficiency of food and the nutrition status of Indonesian society can be fulfilled locally, especially in East Nusa Tenggara. The availability of food in terms of adequate quantities and types for the whole community locally in East Nusa Tenggara, smooth food distribution, cheap food prices and affordability by the all levels of society locally in East Nusa Tenggara, evenly distributed to all families in the region.
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MIZUNO, MASAAKI, MITCHELL L. NEILSEN, and MICHEL RAYNAL. "AN OPTIMISTIC PROTOCOL FOR A LINEARIZABLE DISTRIBUTED SHARED MEMORY SYSTEM." Parallel Processing Letters 06, no. 02 (1996): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626496000273.
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Recently, distributed shared memory systems have received much attention because such an abstraction simplifies programming. In this paper, we present a simple protocol which implements the linearizability consistency criterion in a distributed shared memory system. Unlike previously implemented protocols, our protocol is based on an optimistic approach. The protocol eliminates the necessity of potentially expensive synchronization among processors for each write operation, but may require processes to rollback.
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Nooteboom, Sieb G. "Alphabetics." Constraints on Spelling Changes 10, no. 2 (2007): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.10.2.05noo.
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This paper is concerned with the relation between our capacity for alphabetic reading and writing the sound forms of languages on the one hand, and the structure of speech and language on the other. It starts from two questions: (1) What structural properties of human languages enable us to read and write their sound forms with a handful of alphabetic symbols? (2) Why is learning this skill so difficult? Ad (1) it is argued here that the basis for reading and writing in an alphabet is the inherent segmentability of speech, stemming from the synchronization of articulatory gestures during speech production. This synchronization arises from inherent properties of both speech production and speech perception. Ad (2) it is suggested here that learning to read and write with alphabetic letters is so difficult, because in the mental structure of sound forms there are no pre-existing discrete phoneme-sized segments, at least not of a kind that language users are easily aware of. This makes analysis of sound forms into such phoneme-sized segments difficult, although such analysis is a prerequisite skill for alphabetic reading and writing. For easy learning, the relation between letters and speech segments should preferably be systematic and transparent.
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HWANG, GWAN-HWAN, KUO-CHUNG TAI, and TING-LU HUANG. "REACHABILITY TESTING: AN APPROACH TO TESTING CONCURRENT SOFTWARE." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 05, no. 04 (1995): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194095000241.
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Concurrent programs are more difficult to test than sequential programs because of non-deterministic behavior. An execution of a concurrent program non-deterministically exercises a sequence of synchronization events called a synchronization sequence (or SYN-sequence). Non-deterministic testing of a concurrent program P is to execute P with a given input many times in order to exercise distinct SYN-sequences. In this paper, we present a new testing approach called reachability testing. If every execution of P with input X terminates, reachability testing of P with input X derives and executes all possible SYN-sequences of P with input X. We show how to perform reachability testing of concurrent programs using read and write operations. Also, we present results of empirical studies comparing reachability and non-deterministic testing. Our results indicate that reachability testing has advantages over non-deterministic testing.
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Hirata, Hiroaki, and Atsushi Nunome. "Decoupling Computation and Result Write-Back for Thread-Level Parallelization." International Journal of Software Innovation 8, no. 3 (2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2020070102.
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Thread-level speculation (TLS) is an approach to enhance the opportunity of parallelization of programs. A TLS system enables multiple threads to begin the execution of tasks in parallel even if there may be the dependency between tasks. When any dependency violation is detected, the TLS system enforces the violating thread to abort and re-execute the task. So, the frequency of aborts is one of the factors that damage the performance of the speculative execution. This article proposes a new technique named the code shelving, which enables threads not to need to abort. It is available not only for TLS but also as a flexible synchronization technique in conventional and non-speculatively parallel execution. The authors implemented the code shelving on their parallel execution system called Speculative Memory (SM) and verified the effectiveness of the code shelving.
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Gao, Mei Feng, and Shao Peng Yang. "Design of Spectral Acquisition System Based on the Linear Array CCD ILX554B." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1926.
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The linear array CCD spectral acquisition system for a Photoelectric Direct Reading Spectrometer is presented. The spectral acquisition circuit, data processing and shortage circuit are designed. Taking microcontroller MSP430 as a control chip, Using PWM signals generated by MSP430 timer, the correct timing of CCD clock pulse, ADC clock and FIFO write enable signal was established. The experiment shows that the synchronization of spectral acquisition, data conversion and shortage was achieved, and the spectral acquisition system is feasible and reliability.
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Henriksen, R. N., and L. A. Nelson. "Clock synchronization by accelerated observers: metric construction for arbitrary congruences of world lines." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 11 (1985): 1393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-232.
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This paper reviews the problem of synchronizing the clocks (locally orthogonalizing the three-space) of an arbitrarily accelerated observer congruence. A general solution is given that maintains the isotropy and coordinate independence of the one-way velocity of light, but various particular cases, such as the "rotating disc or ring" congruence, are also discussed in detail. The congruence-based space-time metric that is constructed by the Einstein synchronization procedure is given explicitly, and the Hamilton–Jacobi method is used to write a useful equation for the geodesics of this space-time.The formal theory is related to experimental efforts to establish synchronization to an accuracy of a few nanoseconds over the rotating earth (Costain et al. and Ashby and Allan). In particular, a formally correct derivation of the "Sagnac corrected time" is given, and the expected experimental consequences are reviewed and compared to current experimental results.The measurable "global Sagnac effect" is distinguished from the "local Sagnac effect", which is, in fact, indistinguishable from Einstein synchronization. This clarifies earlier discussion concerning an orbital experiment proposed by Cohen and Moses.A suggestion regarding the application of absolute phase, very long baseline, radio interferometry to the measurement of the Sagnac effect (and possibly higher order effects) is given briefly.
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Ahmad. "Data Replication Using Read-One-Write-All Monitoring Synchronization Transaction System in Distributed Environment." Journal of Computer Science 6, no. 10 (2010): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2010.1095.1098.
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Hamidi, Beqir, and Lindita Hamidi. "Synchronization Possibilities and Features in Java." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i1.p75-84.
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In this paper we have discussed one of the greatest features of the general purpose computer programming language –Java. This paper represents concepts of Synchronization possibilities and features in Java. Today's operating systems support concept of "Multitasking". Multitasking achieved by executing more than one task at a same time. Tasks runs on threads. Multitasking runs more than one task at a same time. Multitasking which means doing many things at the same time is one of the most fundamental concepts in computer engineering and computer science because the processor execute given tasks in parallel so it makes me think that are executing simultaneously. Multitasking is related to other fundamental concepts like processes and threads. A process is a computer program that is executing in a processor, while a thread is a part of a process that has a way of execution: it is a thread of execution. Every process has at least one thread of execution. There are two types of multitasking: process – based and thread – based. Process-based multitasking, means that on a given computer there can be more than one program or process that is executing, while thread-based multitasking, which is also known as multithreading, means that within a process, there can be more than one thread of execution, each of them doing a job and so accomplishing the job of their process. When there are many processes or many threads within processes, they may have to cooperate with each other or concurrently try to get access to some shared computer resources like: processor, memory and input/output devices. They may have to, for example: print a file in a printer or write and/or read to the same file. We need a way of setting an order, where processes and/or threads could do their jobs (user jobs) without any problem, we need to synchronize them. Java has built-in support for process and thread synchronization, there are some constructs that we can use when we need to do synchronization.This paper, a first phase discussed the concept of Parall Programming, threads, how to create a thread, using a thread, working with more than one thread. Second phase is about synchronization, what is in general and in the end we disscused the synchronization possibilities and feautures in Java.
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ABDEL-HAFEEZ, SALEH M., and ANAS S. MATALKAH. "CMOS EIGHT-TRANSISTOR MEMORY CELL FOR LOW-DYNAMIC-POWER HIGH-SPEED EMBEDDED SRAM." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 17, no. 05 (2008): 845–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126608004599.
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Embedded SRAM design with high noise margin between read and write, low power, low supply voltages, and high speed become essential features in VLSI embedded applications. The complete embedded SRAM design of self-timing synchronization is proposed based on the CMOS eight-transistor (8T-Cell) memory cell circuit. The cell is based on the traditional six-transistor (6T-Cell) cross-coupled invertors with the addition of two NMOS transistors for separate read buffer circuit. The read buffer structure is based on pre-charging the read bit-line during the low value of read clock and evaluating the read bit-line during the high value of read clock, thereby maintaining one active line per column and eliminating the use of traditional sense amplifier with all its synchronization schemes. The simulation results show that the embedded SRAM of size 128-bit × 128-bit is operating at a maximum frequency of 200 MHz for Write and Read clock cycles with 1.62 V power supply, and measures a total average power consumption of 22.60 mW. All simulation results were conducted on 0.18 μm TSMC single poly and three layers of metals measuring a cell area of 2.2 × 3.0 μ m 2. The circuit is not meant to replace the SRAM with 6T-Cell transistor structure; however, it is attractive for applications related to high density with automation road-map design, such as graphic and network processor chips. In these applications, memory sizes are introduced in many different irregular geometries and uses all over the chip with storage sizes less than 20 k-bit, in addition, it is susceptible to large substrate noise as well as large coupling wire routing.
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Lu, Yu, Wei Wu, and Ke-yi Wang. "High-Speed Transmission and Mass Data Storage Solutions for Large-Area and Arbitrarily Structured Fabrication through Maskless Lithography." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6074791.
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This paper presents the implementation aspects and design of high-speed data transmission in laser direct-writing lithography. With a single field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip, mass data storage management, transmission, and synchronization of each part in real-time were implemented. To store a massive amount of data and transmit data with high bandwidth, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) intellectual property (IP) was developed on Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA. In addition, control of laser beam power, collection of status read back data of the lithography laser through an analog-to-digital converter, and synchronization of the positioning signal were implemented on the same FPGA. A data structure for each unit with a unique exposure dose and other necessary information was established. Results showed that the maximum read bandwidth (240 MB/s) and maximum write bandwidth (200 MB/s) of a single solid-state drive conform to the data transmission requirement. The total amount of data meets the requirement of a large-area diffractive element approximately 102 cm2. The throughput has been greatly improved at meters per second or square centimeter per second. And test results showed that data transmission meets the requirement of the experiment.
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Sun, Jian Ye, Wen Juan Sun, and Guo Xun Wang. "A Research and Development of Composite Boring and Milling CNC System Based on PMAC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.247.
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In view of a specific composite boring and milling machining center, studies the application of PMAC multi-axis motion controller in the development of numerical control system, expounds the system's hardware structure and software control; By constructing double CPU NC system with PC and PMAC, achieves motor's synchronization control and switches of biaxial group; By user-defined MT codes, compiles subroutine codes, using PMAC's perform software PEWIN32PRO writes PLC programs, builds a kind of double tool magazine automatic tool change system; At the same time, with the help of a high-level programming language VC#, establishes friendly man-machine interface for real-time feedback of each axis movement situation, the system operation is simple, real-time, and strong portability.
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HAMADI, YOUSSEF, and MARC SHAPIRO. "PUSHING LOG-BASED RECONCILIATION." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 14, no. 03 (2005): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213005002193.
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Optimistic reconciliation allows, multiple update of shared data without synchronization. The assumption is that the vast majority of the actions will not conflict. In these systems, write availability is raised in the presence of network failures, high latencies or parallel development. However, in order to remain consistent, optimistic systems repair divergences. To produce a new consistent state, they use the logs of each user in a process called log-based reconciliation. The purpose of an efficient reconciliation engine is then to compute a new consistent state which preserves the maximum of previous actions. This work leverages the efficiency of constraint-based reconciliation. It provides a new efficient two step procedure built by connecting theoretical results on backtrack-free search with this hard optimisation problem.
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Kalezhi, Josephat, and Jim J. Miles. "Analysis of write-head synchronization and adjacent track erasure in bit patterned media using a statistical model." Journal of Applied Physics 109, no. 7 (2011): 07B755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3562869.
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BENNETT, ANDREW J., PAUL H. J. KELLY, and ROSS A. PATERSON. "Pipelined functional tree accesses and updates: scheduling, synchronization, caching and coherence." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 4 (2001): 359–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796801003793.
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This paper is an exploration of the parallel graph reduction approach to parallel functional programming, illustrated by a particular example: pipelined, dynamically-scheduled implementation of search, updates and read-modify-write transactions on an in-store binary search tree. We use program transformation, execution-driven simulation and analytical modelling to expose the maximum potential parallelism, the minimum communication and synchronisation overheads, and to control the overall space requirement. We begin with a lazy functional program specifying a series of transactions on a binary tree, each involving several searches and updates, in a side-effect-free fashion. Transformation of the source code produces a formulation of the program with greater locality and larger grain size than can be achieved using naive parallelization methods, and we show that, with care, these tasks can be scheduled effectively. Even with a workload using random keys, significant spatial locality is found, and we evaluate a modified cache coherency protocol which avoids false sharing so that large cache lines can be used to minimise the number of messages required. As expected with a pipeline, the application should reach a steady state as soon as the first transaction is completed. However, if the network latency is too large, the rate of completion lags behind the rate at which work is admitted, and internal queues grow without bound. We determine the conditions under which this occurs, and show how it can be avoided while maximising speedup.
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Shi, Shu Lin, and Guo Rui Pi. "Design of Virtual Oscilloscope Based on S3C2410." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.227.
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: This topic has designed a kind of virtual oscilloscope based on the embedded technical. On the hardware the S3C2410+IDT7204 structure were used, on the software real-time operating system uC/OS-II were used in the design of embedded virtual oscilloscope. ARM9 microprocessor's high speed handling ability are fully used, as well as FIFO in the read-write control logic, the superiority in high speed data exchange aspect, realizes the double channel synchronization profile demonstration. the multi-task run and the real-time processing were realized by using on the uC/OS-II operating system's in ARM9 microprocessor transplant. This oscilloscope has the cost lowly, to be possible to as the common oscilloscope, also to be possible to as an intelligent module the merit which used in the embedded system.
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Wang, Guo Cheng, Yan Peng Ma, Hai Tao Lu, Xuan Qi Chen, and Ping Li. "Clock Domains Cross FIFO Interface Design of Multichannel Continuous DDR2 Read and Write." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1622.
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In this paper, a clock domains cross FIFO interface of multichannel continuous DDR2 read and write is designed. The interface provides continuous data stream from DDR2 to 12 different channels simultaneously. Four core issues are resolved: mismatch on bit width between DDR2 user interface and the channels, data stream conversion control from DDR2 to channels, clock domains difference between DDR2 and channels, Discontinuous process of DDR2 read and write. DDR2 storage spaces are partitioned for matching data width of the DDR2 user interface and the channels, and to achieve the maximum utilization of the DDR2 memory. Via state machine, data conversion and synchronization from DDR2 to channels are implemented, and the state machine can be applied to providing continuous DDR2 data to any numbers of channels simultaneously. Cross clock domains FIFO interface goes to solve the different clock domains problem between channels and DDR2. When bank or row addresses conversion occurs, or DDR2 auto-refresh cycle comes, DDR2 cannot be read or written, leading to data interruptedly in time aspect. To solve the problem, the FIFO interface is designed followed the full-mode handshake protocol. Through the interface caching, the 12 channels can continuously read data from the DDR2 simultaneously. The final design can achieve the goal that under the fastest case, DDR2 provides 12 channels data stream simultaneously at 61.538 MHz rate at the same time, and 90.566% efficiency in the reading and writing aspects.
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Asadi, Mehdi, Foad Pour Arian, Hussein Abadian, and Mohammad Hasan Raz Nahan. "Police Department and Press Censorship in the First Pahlavi Era." Asian Social Science 12, no. 11 (2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n11p54.
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<p>The press as the most important mass media and as a tool for directing public opinion in the First Pahlavi Era faced many ups and downs. Alteration in the political system, the tendency toward dictatorship government and the implementation of pseudo-modernist programs affect the existence of press. In this period, the press had to write in congruence and in sync with the government programs, otherwise they were no longer survival. The synchronization of press with the government programs and the censorship of public opinion, against the government were entrusted to the Police Department. The press censorship, contrary to common view, was not done in a systematic and specified framework and structure and, depending on the King’s view, the civilian statesmen, staffs and police chiefs were different. The present article tries to analyze the way of implementation of censorship policy and the extent of penetration and interference of police department in this case through using descriptive and analytical method.</p>
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Satoh, Shigehisa, Kazuhiro Kusano, and Mitsuhisa Sato. "Compiler Optimization Techniques for OpenMP Programs." Scientific Programming 9, no. 2-3 (2001): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/189054.
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We have developed compiler optimization techniques for explicit parallel programs using the OpenMP API. To enable optimization across threads, we designed dataflow analysis techniques in which interactions between threads are effectively modeled. Structured description of parallelism and relaxed memory consistency in OpenMP make the analyses effective and efficient. We developed algorithms for reaching definitions analysis, memory synchronization analysis, and cross-loop data dependence analysis for parallel loops. Our primary target is compiler-directed software distributed shared memory systems in which aggressive compiler optimizations for software-implemented coherence schemes are crucial to obtaining good performance. We also developed optimizations applicable to general OpenMP implementations, namely redundant barrier removal and privatization of dynamically allocated objects. Experimental results for the coherency optimization show that aggressive compiler optimizations are quite effective for a shared-write intensive program because the coherence-induced communication volume in such a program is much larger than that in shared-read intensive programs.
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Koonkarnkhai, Santi, Piya Kovintavewat, and Phongsak Keeratiwintakorn. "Trellis-Based Detecting the Insertion and Deletion Bits for Bit-Patterned Media Recording." Advanced Materials Research 979 (June 2014): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.979.54.
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Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) is one of the promising technologies for realizing an areal density up to 4 Tb/in2; however, it poses new challenges to read channel design, including the two-dimensional (2D) interference, media noise, and track mis-registration. Furthermore, the BPMR system encounters the insertion, deletion and substitution errors, which are primarily caused by mis-synchronization between the write clock and the island positions. In this paper, we propose a novel detection method that exploits the trellis structure to detect the occurrence of insertion/deletion bits. Specifically, the specific marker bits are inserted periodically inside an input data sequence before recording onto a magnetic medium. Hence, the branch metric calculation is monitored during the marker bits to determine if there is any insertion/deletion error in the system. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can performs better than the conventional one in terms of the percentage of detection and the percentage of missed detection and false-alarm, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio scenario.
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CHONG, FREDERIC T., and ANANT AGARWAL. "SHARED MEMORY VERSUS MESSAGE PASSING FOR ITERATIVE SOLUTION OF SPARSE, IRREGULAR PROBLEMS." Parallel Processing Letters 09, no. 01 (1999): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626499000177.
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The benefits of hardware support for shared memory versus those for message passing are difficult to evaluate without an in-depth study of real applications on a common platform. We evaluate the communication mechanisms of the MIT Alewife machine, a multiprocessor which provides integrated cache-coherent shared memory, massage passing, and DMA. We perform this evaluation with "best-effort" implementations which solve several sparse, irregular benchmark problems with a preconditioned conjugate gradient sparse matrix solver (ICCG). We find that machines with fast global memory operations do not need message passing or bulk transfer to suport our irregular problems. This is primarily due to three reasons. First, a 5-to-1 ratio between global and local cache misses makes memory copies in bulk communication expensive relati to communication via shared memory. Second, although message passing has synchronization semantics superior to shared memory for data-driven computation, efficient shared memory can overcome this handicap by using global read-modify-writes to change from the traditional owner-computers model to a producer-computes model. Third, bulk transfers can result in high processor idle times in irregular applications.
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Gerbessiotis, Alexandros V., and Seung-Yeop Lee. "Remote Memory Access: A Case for Portable, Efficient and Library Independent Parallel Programming." Scientific Programming 12, no. 3 (2004): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/934718.
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In this work we make a strong case for remote memory access (RMA) as the effective way to program a parallel computer by proposing a framework that supports RMA in a library independent, simple and intuitive way. If one uses our approach the parallel code one writes will run transparently under MPI-2 enabled libraries but also bulk-synchronous parallel libraries. The advantage of using RMA is code simplicity, reduced programming complexity, and increased efficiency. We support the latter claims by implementing under this framework a collection of benchmark programs consisting of a communication and synchronization performance assessment program, a dense matrix multiplication algorithm, and two variants of a parallel radix-sort algorithm and examine their performance on a LINUX-based PC cluster under three different RMA enabled libraries: LAM MPI, BSPlib, and PUB. We conclude that implementations of such parallel algorithms using RMA communication primitives lead to code that is as efficient as the message-passing equivalent code and in the case of radix-sort substantially more efficient. In addition our work can be used as a comparative study of the relevant capabilities of the three libraries.
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Froiz-Míguez, Iván, Paula Fraga-Lamas, and Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés. "Decentralized P2P Broker for M2M and IoT Applications." Proceedings 54, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020054024.
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The recent increase in the number of connected IoT devices, as well as the heterogeneity of the environments where they are deployed, has derived into the growth of the complexity of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication protocols and technologies. In addition, the hardware used by IoT devices has become more powerful and efficient. Such enhancements have made it possible to implement novel decentralized computing architectures like the ones based on edge computing, which offload part of the central server processing by using multiple distributed low-power nodes. In order to ease the deployment and synchronization of decentralized edge computing nodes, this paper describes an M2M distributed protocol based on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) communications that can be executed on low-power ARM devices. In addition, this paper proposes to make use of brokerless communications by using a distributed publication/subscription protocol. Thanks to the fact that information is stored in a distributed way among the nodes of the swarm and since each node can implement a specific access control system, the proposed system is able to make use of write access mechanisms and encryption for the stored data so that the rest of the nodes cannot access sensitive information. In order to test the feasibility of the proposed approach, a comparison with an Message-Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) based architecture is performed in terms of latency, network consumption and performance.
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Jovic, Bojan. "Transmental Sheherazade on the interwar avant-garde balls in Belgrade and Paris." Muzikologija, no. 14 (2013): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1314093j.
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In expert circles, attention has been drawn to the ?1002nd Night Ball? created by the protagonists of Yugoslav and Serbian avant-garde, in particular on its dance and musical segments, moreover, the ballet ?Le balai du valet? by Marko Ristic and Miloje Milojevic, as well as the ensuing series of balls related to the Association of Friends of Art ?Cvijeta Zuzoric?. On the other hand, it is an (almost) completely unknown fact that Rade Drainac?s original idea to throw a ball for the benefit of artists and writers that needed financial assistance because of difficult financial situation (later replaced with an initiative to raise funds to build an art pavilion ?Cvijeta Zuzoric?) matched the idea of the Union of Russian artists in Paris to organize a ball with the aim of contributing to mutual aid. The ball in Paris, with the participation of the most prominent avant-garde artists, took place exactly one week after the Belgrade ball, which also suggests the possible connection / synchronization of these two artistic events. Having this in mind, I offer a brief analysis of the concept and scope of the aforementioned artistic events from the perspective of the intermedia and multimedia strategies. I demonstrate that the Belgrade spectacle was envisioned and performed far more ambitiously than the Parisian one, and the thoroughness of the interweaving of various arts ranks it among those works (including Parade by Cocteau, Picasso and Satie, Skating-Rink by Canudo, Leger, and Honegger, La creation du monde by Cendrars, L?ger and Milhaud, with Russian and Swedish Ballet) that aimed to achieve a Gesamtkunstwerk, i.e. a total work of avant-garde art.
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MAROWKA, AMI. "EXTENDING OPENMP FOR TASK PARALLELISM." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 03 (2003): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012962640300132x.
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In a wide variety of scientific parallel applications, both task and data parallelism must be exploited to achieve the best possible performance on a multiprocessor machine. These applications induce task-graph parallelism with coarse-grain granularity. Nevertheless, using the available task-graph parallelism and combining it with data parallelism can increase the performance of parallel applications considerably since an additional degree of parallelism is exploited. The OpenMP standard supports data parallelism but does not support task-graph parallelism. In this paper we present an integration of task-graph parallelism in OpenMP by extending the parallel sections constructs to include task-index and precedence-relations matrix clauses. There are many ways in which task-graph parallelism can be supported in a programming environment. A fundamental design decision is whether the programmer has to write programs with explicit precedence relations, or if the responsibility of precedence relations generation is delegated to the compiler. One of the benefits provided by parallel programming models like OpenMP is that they liberate the programmer from dealing with the underlying details of communication and synchronization, which are cumbersome and error-prone tasks. If task-graph parallelism is to find acceptance, writing task-graph parallel programs must be no harder than writing data parallel programs, and therefore, in our design, precedence relations are described through simple programmer annotations, with implementation details handled by the system. This paper concludes with a description of several parallel application kernels that were developed to study the practical aspects of task-graph parallelism in OpenMP. The examples demonstrate that exploiting data and task parallelism in a single framework is the key to achieving good performance in a variety of applications.
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Chiong, Armando. "Perseverance is the Key." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 30, no. 1 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v30i1.1355.
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Greetings to all ENT Fellows!
 When I became a member of the Board of Trustees during the Presidency of Dr. Cesar Anthony Yabut in 2012, I surmised how concerned and dedicated the Board was in supporting and funding researches of fellows-- whether they were descriptive, analytical, surgical innovations and instrumentations -- through the PSO-HNS research committee.
 Amendments to the research paper contest guidelines were made to give way to the advent of information technology in synchronization with the electronic journal management system of the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (PJOHNS). Online review and corrections were implemented to maximize time and efforts of the judges and the authors. This was given emphasis during the administration of Dr. Wilfredo Batol in 2013.
 Well, these are all done for academic excellence. Under Dr. Howard Enriquez’ administration in 2014, research still remained one of the priorities of PSO-HNS. Each and every paper submitted passed through the eye of the needle of the editorial board of PJOHNS. It may be a lot of hard work and effort for the researchers, judges and editors but it is worth the hard work.
 PERSEVERANCE is the key! Just choose a “worth-knowing” topic and write a “worth-publishing” paper. If it is rejected, just try again. Be patient with the corrections and revisions-- in the end, the fruit of your labor is a sweet success.
 An ORL-HNS specialist should be equipped with this trait to really cope with the ever changing needs of our society whether it is surgically or research oriented as evidenced by our very own PJOHNS.
 It is with great pride and honor that I render a message in our prestigious journal. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and congratulations to my colleague, Dr. Joey Lapena, and the same is true for the editorial staff and members for their never ending dedication and hard work in making a journal that is equally competitive and accepted in the 21st Century.
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Romanowski, Cynthia. "A comparative analysis of the distinct evolution of cataloging and information technology towards the creation of the next generation library system." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2017-6-39-51.
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Technology plays an important role in the evolution of cataloging systems and its use is fundamental in disseminating information to the public. Libraries must find innovative ways of meeting their patrons’ informational needs in order to remain relevant. The challenge is that cataloging rules and formats and library systems are out of synchronization and slow to evolve to meet these informational needs. Catalogers from around the world struggle to find ways to create bibliographic records and access points to accommodate new electronic formats while information systems struggle to search and display the information that cataloging rules and formats seek to convey to patrons. Future cataloging systems are slowly evolving in synchronizing these two entities in order to create a global cataloging environment. They are slowly bridging the language barrier by properly displaying diacritics and special characters. They are making progress on creating a discovery layer that retrieves accurate holdings information for an entire library collection. They are also utilizing new cataloging formats that seek to replace MARC21 and are expandable to accommodate all formats. This evolution is creating an international partnership that will help maintain the relevance of libraries around the world. To write this paper, the author collects filed data as well as secondary source data through a comparative analysis of the progression of cataloging rules and formats and library systems. The first part of the paper will review the history of cataloging rules and formats and library systems to establish a progression timeline. The second part of the paper will focus on the current state of both and how it is impacting the ability to disseminate information to patrons. The third part of the paper will look to the requirements of the future of cataloging systems. This study concludes that cataloging and information technology will ultimately merge into the next generation library system in order to help libraries remain relevant.
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Persson, Jonas Rolf, Eirik Wattengård, and Magnus Borstad Lilledahl. "The effect of captions and written text on viewing behavior in educational videos." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 7, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.7.1.328.
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The use of videos as learning objects has increased together with an increased variation in the designs of these educational videos. However, to create effective learning objects it is important to have detailed information about how users perceive and interact with the different parts of the multimedia design. In this paper we study, using eye-tracker technology, how fast and for how long viewers focus on captions and written text in a video. An educational video on thermodynamics was created where captions were used to highlight important concepts. Screen recordings of written text from a tablet were used to illustrate mathematical notations and calculations. The results show that there is a significant delay of about 2 seconds before viewers focus on graphical objects that appear, both for captions and for written text. For captions, the viewers focus on the element for 2-3 seconds, whereas for written text blocks, it is strongly dependent on the amount and quality of the presented information. These temporal aspects of the viewers’ attention will be important for the proper design of educational videos to achieve appropriate synchronization between graphical objects and narration and thereby supporting learning.
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Rizvi, Simab Hasan. "Enhancing the use of Object Based Contents Addressable Storage." Computing Trendz - The Journal of Emerging Trends in Information Technology 6, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/cttjetit.v6i1.6697.
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In Today's age of Tetra Scale computing, the application has become more data intensive than ever. The increased data volume from applications, in now tackling larger and larger problems, and has fuelled the need for efficient management of this data. In this paper, a technique called Content Addressable Storage or CAS, for managing large volume of data is evaluated. This evaluation focuses on the benefits and demerits of using CAS it focuses, i) improved application performance via lockless and lightweight synchronization ofaccess to shared storage data, ii) improved cache performance, iii) increase in storage capacity and, iv) increase network bandwidth. The presented design of a CAS-Based file store significantly improves the storage performance that provides lightweight lock less user defined consistency semantics. As a result, this file system shows a 28% increase in read bandwidth and 13% increase in write bandwidth, over a popular file system in common use. In this paper the potential benefits of using CAS for a virtual machine are estimated. The study also explains mobility application for active use and public deployment.
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RAOJILLELAMUDI, VENKATAKASH RAJ, SOURAV MUKHERJEE, Ryan Saptarshi Ray, and Utpal Kumar Ray. "LOCK-FREE DINING PHILOSOPHER." International Journal of Computer and Communication Technology, April 2017, 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijcct.2017.1412.
Full textAbstract:
The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation.The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a promising new approach to programming shared-memory parallel processors. It is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than locking. It allows portions of a program to execute in isolation, without regard to other, concurrently executing tasks. A programmer can reason about the correctness of code within a transaction and need not worry about complex interactions with other, concurrently executing parts of the program. This paper shows the concept of writing code using Software Transactional Memory (STM) and the performance comparison of codes using locks with those using STM.
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Krasnikov, Kyrylo S. "Multithreaded Acceleration of 3D Mathematical Model for Ore Sintering." International Journal of Computing, June 28, 2021, 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47839/ijc.20.2.2177.
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One of the widely used methods to accelerate a numerical solver is implementation of multithreading. The problem of thread allocation on-demand at runtime is latency, caused by periodical instantiation of threads. The article is devoted to parallelization of solver for 3D mathematical model of ore sintering, based on software threads reusing them during computation. Computational domain is equally shared among available threads. Each thread writes only to own data partition. A looped barrier is proposed for guaranteed synchronization of all threads after iteration. The method allows scaling performance without recompilation of the solver by using similar CPU with more cores. Measurement of solver performance with 220 nodes using different thread count confirms scalability around 95% for double and single precision arithmetics. Presented pictures of perspective view with three slices of temperature field show influence of heat loss from pallets walls. A cross section of temperature field in layer after 16 minutes of sintering is calculated with appearance of two high-temperature regions inside. Comparison of temperature field with literature data gives good correspondence. The computer model takes into account important chemical reactions, such as, coke burning, carbonate dissolution, water vaporization, as well as mass-heat transfer inside the sinter layer and can be used in metallurgical plants to increase effectiveness of sintering.
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Enggarani, Nuria Siswi. "ANALISIS OTONOMI DAERAH DALAM MENGUATKAN NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA (STUDI TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2004 JUNCTO UNDANG-UNDANG NO 12 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH)." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 2, no. 2 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v2i2.10188.
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<div class="WordSection1"><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><em>This study aims to assess the regional autonomy in Indonesia in strengthening the republic of Indonesia based on Law No. 32/2004 and find a model that can strengthen the autonomy of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. This research is normative law research that focused on the literature data. The approach used in this study is using the principles of law approach, systematic approach to legislation, research on the level of vertical synchronization, historical, as well as the hermeneutic approach using deductive research. data used in the study is from literature using primary and secondary materials. results of the study showed that affairs and supervision is the most important element in strengthening the framework of the Unitary State of the republic of Indonesia and is the basis for the implementation of special autonomy. Indicators used to determine that the Act No. 32/2004 can strengthen the republic of Indonesia or not is seen from the elements of affairs and supervision. If the writer sees affairs and the provisions of Law No. 32/2004 lead to the interpreted assumption that lead to strengthen federalism and lead to recentralization model of autonomy that strengthen the unity of the State is to change the system of wide and broaden autonomy become wide autonomy, focused and responsibility. division System of the affair is defined for both the provincial government and local municipality government but it focuses on the reference to the distribution of the central and regional affair. The concurrent affairs division is only constitutes on government affairs in order to strengthen the unitary state republic of Indonesia. Using principles of decentralization, de-concentration and co-administration are done justly. Supervision of the implementation of obligatory affair is deleted because supervision has been done by the governor as a government representative. Form of autonomy that can strengthen Indonesia is local autonomy in the form of broaden autonomy and specific Autonomy or asymmetric decentralization.</em></p><ul><li><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>r</em><em>egiona</em><em>l Autonomy, strengthening, unitary state of the republic Indonesia, Law No. 32/2004.</em></li></ul><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji otonomi daerah di Indonesia dalam menguatkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia menurut UU No 32/2004 dan menemukan model otonomi daerah yang dapat menguatkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif memfokuskan pada data kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan asas-asas hukum, pendekatan sistematika peraturan perundang-undangan, penelitian terhadap taraf sinkronisasi vertical, sejarah serta menggunakan pendekatan Hermeneutic dengan menggunakan penalaran deduktif. Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah data dari studi kepustakaan yang berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder.Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa, Urusan dan pengawasan merupakan elemen yang paling penting dalam rangka menguatkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dan merupakan dasar bagi diterapkannya otonomi luas. Indikator yang digunakan untuk mengetahui bahwa UU No 32/2004 dapat menguatkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia atau tidak adalah dilihat dari elemen urusan dan pengawasan. Jika penulis melihat urusan dan pengawasan dalam ketentuan UU No 32/2004 menimbulkan asumsi penafsiran yang mengarah pada kecenderungan menguatkan kearah ke federalisme dan mengarah resentralisasi Model otonomi yang menguatkan Negara kesatuan terletak dengan mengubah system otonomi seluas-luasnya menjadi otonomi luas, focus dan bertanggung jawab. Sistem pembagian urusan diperincibaik bagi pemerintah daerah provinsi dan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota tetapi focus sesuai dengan acuan dalam penyusunan system pembagian urusan pusat dan daerah. Pembagian urusan yang bersifat <em>concurrent </em>hanyaterletak padaurusan pemerintah dalam rangka menguatkan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Penggunaan asas desentralisasi, dekonsentrasi dan tugas pembantuan dilakukan secara seimbang. Pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan urusan wajib, dihapus karena pengawasan telah dilakukan oleh gubernur sebagai wakil pemerintah. Bentuk otonomi yang dapat menguatkan Negara kesatuan republik indonesia adalah otonomi daerah dalam bentuk otonomi luas dan Otonomi Khusus atau desentralisasi asimetris.</p></div><ul><li><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>Otonomi daerah, penguatan, Negara Kesatuan republik Indonesia, UU No 32/2004.</em></li></ul>
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Nam, Chang S., Zachary Traylor, Mengyue Chen, Xiaoning Jiang, Wuwei Feng, and Pratik Yashvant Chhatbar. "Direct Communication Between Brains: A Systematic PRISMA Review of Brain-To-Brain Interface." Frontiers in Neurorobotics 15 (May 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2021.656943.
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This paper aims to review the current state of brain-to-brain interface (B2BI) technology and its potential. B2BIs function via a brain-computer interface (BCI) to read a sender's brain activity and a computer-brain interface (CBI) to write a pattern to a receiving brain, transmitting information. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to systematically review current literature related to B2BI, resulting in 15 relevant publications. Experimental papers primarily used transcranial magnetic stimulation (tMS) for the CBI portion of their B2BI. Most targeted the visual cortex to produce phosphenes. In terms of study design, 73.3% (11) are unidirectional and 86.7% (13) use only a 1:1 collaboration model (subject to subject). Limitations are apparent, as the CBI method varied greatly between studies indicating no agreed upon neurostimulatory method for transmitting information. Furthermore, only 12.4% (2) studies are more complicated than a 1:1 model and few researchers studied direct bidirectional B2BI. These studies show B2BI can offer advances in human communication and collaboration, but more design and experiments are needed to prove potential. B2BIs may allow rehabilitation therapists to pass information mentally, activating a patient's brain to aid in stroke recovery and adding more complex bidirectionality may allow for increased behavioral synchronization between users. The field is very young, but applications of B2BI technology to neuroergonomics and human factors engineering clearly warrant more research.
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Gavrila, Horia, and Doina Elena Gavrila. "Patterned Magnetic Recording Media – Issues and Challenges." MRS Proceedings 1817 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2016.41.
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ABSTRACTThe conventional magnetic recording approached the physical frontiers of the recording density. The magnetic recording must face the famous trilemma: In order to increase the recording density, smaller grain volumes are needed, but in order to ensure the thermal stability of recorded information, the anisotropy constant should be increased accordingly; what results is an increased anisotropy field, which requires higher writing fields. Such fields are unavailable with the maximum saturation magnetization obtainable with the magnetic materials of the current heads. In order to overcome these problems, new media structures have been proposed. The most promising is the bit-patterned magnetic media (BPM), intensively studied over the last years with the aim of obtaining obtain an ultra-high recording density of hard-disk drives. A BPM comprises monodisperse high-anisotropy nano-particles in a self-organized patterning. They have a higher thermal stability, a lower noise and a higher signal resolution, which leads to a higher recording density and a better SNR. They eliminate the transition noise and, due to the large fraction of the bit volume occupied by the magnetic dots, improve thermal stability. Nevertheless, some important issues such as long-range patterning, control of the surface roughness, signal readout, etc., remain critical problems to solve. Another challenge is the fact that recording on BPM is sensitive to the material and geometry parameter fluctuations that may lead to additional constraints and require tight synchronization of the write-field misregistration time and bit positions. A possible route to higher recording densities is to use a multilevel recording, where more than two states are stored per dot.
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Kamal, Rup, Ryan Saptarshi Ray, Utpal Kumar Ray, and Parama Bhaumik. "Cigarette-Smokers’ Problem with STM." International Journal of Computer and Communication Technology, April 2017, 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijcct.2017.1414.
Full textAbstract:
The past few years have marked the start of a historic transition from sequential to parallel computation. The necessity to write parallel programs is increasing as systems are getting more complex while processor speed increases are slowing down. Current parallel programming uses low-level programming constructs like threads and explicit synchronization using locks to coordinate thread execution. Parallel programs written with these constructs are difficult to design, program and debug. Also locks have many drawbacks which make them a suboptimal solution. One such drawback is that locks should be only used to enclose the critical section of the parallel-processing code. If locks are used to enclose the entire code then the performance of the code drastically decreases. Software Transactional Memory (STM) is a promising new approach to programming shared-memory parallel processors. It is a concurrency control mechanism that is widely considered to be easier to use by programmers than locking. It allows portions of a program to execute in isolation, without regard to other, concurrently executing tasks. A programmer can reason about the correctness of code within a transaction and need not worry about complex interactions with other, concurrently executing parts of the program. If STM is used to enclose the entire code then the performance of the code is the same as that of the code in which STM is used to enclose the critical section only and is far better than code in which locks have been used to enclose the entire code. So STM is easier to use than locks as critical section does not need to be identified in case of STM. This paper shows the concept of writing code using Software Transactional Memory (STM) and the performance comparison of codes using locks with those using STM. It also shows why the use of STM in parallel-processing code is better than the use of locks.
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"Table of Contents." Music Perception 24, no. 2 (2006): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2006.24.2.i.
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LEON VAN NOORDEN & DIRK MOELANTS Special Issue: Papers from the 10th Rhythm Perception and Production Workshop 123 JOHN BISPHAM Rhythm in Music: What is it? Who has it? And Why? 125 JOEL S. SNYDER, ERIN E. HANNON, EDWARD W. LARGE, & MORTEN H. CHRISTIANSEN Synchronization and Continuation Tapping to Complex Meters 135 TAKAYUKI NAKATA, SANDRA E. TREHUB, CHISATO MITANI, & YUKIHIKO KANDA Pitch and Timing in the Songs of Deaf Children With Cochlear Implants 147 MARTIN F. McKINNEY & DIRK MOELANTS Ambiguity in Tempo Perception: What Draws Listeners to Different Metrical Levels? 155 DOUGLAS ECK Identifying Metrical and Temporal Structure With an Autocorrelation Phase Matrix 167 FABIEN GOUYON, GERHARD WIDMER, XAVIER SERRA, & ARTHUR FLEXER Acoustic Cues to Beat Induction: A Machine Learning Perspective 177 GEOFF LUCK & PETRI TOIVIAINEN Ensemble Musicians’ Synchronization With Conductors’ Gestures: An Automated Feature-Extraction Analysis 189 GUY MADISON Experiencing Groove Induced by Music: Consistency and Phenomenology 201 CHRISTIANE NEUHAUS & THOMAS R. KNÖSCHE Processing of Rhythmic and Melodic Gestalts—An ERP Study 209 Music Perception (ISSN 0730-7829; online ISSN, 1533-8312) is published five times a year by University of California Press, Berkeley, CA 94720. Subscription rates per year are $75 for individuals ($42 for students/retired), $310 for institutions, and $257 for institutions (electronic), plus $20 per year for air freight delivery outside North America. Periodicals postage paid at Berkeley, CA, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send all address changes to Music Perception, University of California Press, Journals and Digital Publishing, 2000 Center St., Suite 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. Canadian GST 89626 2698 RT0001. All matters of an editorial nature should be addressed to: Lola L. Cuddy, Editor, Department of Psychology, Humphrey Hall, 62 Arch St., Room 232, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 Canada; e-mail mpercep@post.queensu.ca. Address subscription orders, changes of address, business correspondence, and advertising inquiries to Music Perception, University of California Press, Journals and Digital Publishing 2000 Center St., Suite 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. e-mail journals@ucpress.edu, website www.ucpress.edu/journals. Subscription payment can be made with UNESCO book coupons. Please allow 4 months for delivery of first issue. Single copies are $15 for individuals and students and $63 for institutions. Domestic claims for nonreceipt of issues should be made within 90 days of the month of publication, overseas claims within 180 days. Thereafter, the regular back issue rate will be charged for replacement. Overseas delivery is not guaranteed. The opinions and assertions contained in Music Perception are those of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the editor or the publisher. Copying notice: Authorization to copy article content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Regents of the University of California for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee through the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), www.copyright.com. To reach the CCC’s Customer Service Department, dial 978-750-8400 or fax them at 978-750-4470 or write to 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Permission to distribute electronically, republish, resell, or repurpose material from 2001 forward, as well as requests for article reprints or offprints, can be fulfilled online through the CCC’s Rightslink service, available on Caliber at http://caliber.ucpress.net. All other permissions and licensing inquiries may be submitted through the University of California Press website at http://www.ucpressjournals.com Articles appearing in Music Perception are abstracted and indexed in the following select databases: Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Current Contents; E-psyche; International Index to Music Periodicals; Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts; Music Index; Psychological Abstracts, RILM; PsycINFO; Abstracts of Music Literature; and Social Sciences Citation Index. For complete abstracting and indexing information, please visit http://www.ucpressjournals.com © 2006 by the Regents of the University of California. Printed in the U.S.A. This paper is acid-free and chlorine-free.