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Journal articles on the topic 'Writing in the concentration camps'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Stanley, Liz, and Sue Wise. "Putting it into Practice: Using Feminist Fractured Foundationalism in Researching Children in the Concentration Camps of the South African War." Sociological Research Online 11, no. 1 (April 2006): 14–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1121.

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Feminist fractured foundationalism has been developed over a series of collaborative writings as a combined epistemology and methodology, although it has mainly been discussed in epistemological terms. It was operationalised as a methodology in a joint research project in South Africa concerned with investigating two important ways that the experiences of children in the South African War 1899-1902, in particular in the concentration camps established during its commando and ‘scorched earth’ phase, were represented contemporaneously: in the official records, and in photography. The details of the research and writing process involved are provided around discussion of the nine strategies that compose feminist fractured foundationalism and its strengths and limitations in methodological terms are reviewed.

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Fetter, Bruce, and Stowell Kessler. "Scars from a Childhood Disease: Measles in the Concentration Camps during the Boer War." Social Science History 20, no. 4 (1996): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017582.

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He had died ignominiously and swiftly of pneumonia following measles, without ever having gotten any closer to the Yankees than the camp in South Carolina.(Mitchell 1960 [1936])Writing for an American audience in the 1930s, Margaret Mitchell was able to dispatch the husband of Scarlett O’Hara with a certain irony. By then measles had become a childhood disease that was seldom fatal. During the nineteenth century, however, measles was not so lightly dismissed. Epidemics in populations with high proportions of susceptible individuals could be dangerous indeed. This article traces the history of measles in South Africa, showing how political and economic changes temporarily produced conditions that led to a devastating epidemic during the Boer War (1899–1902). It then compares the history of measles in South Africa with that in Great Britain and closes with a discussion of the relationship between human and biological causes in the history of the disease.

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Simón, Paula. "Catalan editions in resistance: The publication of testimonial narrative about French concentration camps in Catalan during Franco’s dictatorship." International Journal of Iberian Studies 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00050_1.

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As part of its repressive programme, Franco’s regime significantly limited the publication of literature in Catalan, a language that was pejoratively reduced to the category of dialect. In that context, the decision of writing and editing books in Catalan during the military dictatorship (1939‐75) was itself an act of resistance. This article studies a series of testimonial narratives that were published in the late 1960s and early 1970s in Spain about French concentration camps, including Crist de 200.000 braços. Refugiats catalans als camps de concentració francesos (1968), by Agustí Bartra; El desgavell (1969), by Ferran Planes; and Cartes des dels camps de concentració (1972), by Pere Vives i Clavé. Testimonial narratives about French concentration camps already circulated in the countries where Spanish intellectuals were exiled. However, writers such as Bartra, Planes, Vives i Clavé (survivors of Argelès-sur-Mer, Saint-Cyprien and other French concentration camps) and some Catalan editors committed to the Republican cause were interested in telling their traumatic experiences to Spanish and Catalan readers living in Spain. Therefore, they undertook the task of editing these works although in many cases they were strongly censored. Taking this into account, the purpose of this article is to analyse some aspects of these editions in order to consider how their testimonial narratives remain in constant tension between two forces: Republican writers’ intention to show their own version of recent history and the Spanish government’s imposition of its own institutional and conservative official discourse.

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Ester, H. "Iconicity as the key to the poetry of Nelly Sachs (1891-1970)." Literator 32, no. 2 (June 22, 2011): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v32i2.13.

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In her poetry Nelly Sachs tried to overcome all obstaclesi in order to speak about the unspeakable. Words that could adequately embody the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps were lacking. Nevertheless, it was necessary to speak about the experience for the sake of both herself and other victims of the camps. Through her poetry Sachs tests the validity and strength of both traditional images and biblical stories about suffering and grace. Words and images enable her to touch the experiences of people. However, she questions the generally accepted meaning of words in German. Her use of language strives to be different and to draw the attention to both the difficulties and risks of writing authentic words with the necessary symbolic strength. Sachs’ mental fragility made her very vulnerable and caused her to walk on the edge of total silence. As a consequence of her vulnerability, she tried with her whole heart to gain Paul Celan’s sympathy for her way of writing and efforts to turn the events in the concentration camps into dignified and true poetry. The relationship between Celan and Sachs reveals that the true meaning of poetry in her life was a manner of survival. The differences between the two poets provide insight into the specific poetic laws at work in the poetry of Nelly Sachs.

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Vasvári, Louise O. "Identity and Intergenerational Remembrance Through Traumatic Culinary Nostalgia: Three Generations of Hungarians of Jewish Origin." Hungarian Cultural Studies 11 (August 6, 2018): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2018.322.

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In my interdisciplinary analysis of foodways which combines Gender Studies with Holocaust Studies, I aim to demonstrate the cultural and gendered significance of the wartime sharing of recipes among starving women prisoners in concentration camps. This study will further discuss the continuing importance of food talk and food writing in the aftermath of the Holocaust, with an emphasis on the memory work of Hungarian survivors and their descendants. Fantasy cooking and recipe creation, or “cooking with the mouth,” as it was called in many camps, was a way for many inmates to maintain their identities and connections to their ethnic and family history, a survival technique that may have influenced the depiction of food memories and their continuing role in the postwar memoir writing of survivor women. I will also examine the continued use of food talk as a genealogy of intergenerational remembrance and transmission in the post-memory writing of second-generation and even third-generation daughters and (very occasionally) sons of Hungarian origin. Studying multigenerational Holocaust alimentary writing has become particularly urgent today because we are approaching a biological and cultural caesura, at which juncture direct survivors will disappear and we will need new forms of transmission to reshape Holocaust memories for the future.

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Adámez Castro, Guadalupe. "“Written barracks.” On the Production and Circulation of Newsletters in the Internment Camps of Southwest France." European Journal of Life Writing 7 (July 18, 2018): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.7.280.

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Around half a million Spanish exiles crossed the French border in the Pyrenees between January and February of 1939. They were looking for shelter in anticipation of the overthrow of the Spanish Second Republic. The reception of the exiles in France was rather hostile, and approximately a quarter of a million of them were locked up in internment or concentration camps that French authorities improvised or reactivated camps of WWI. The exiles were defeated and they were deprived of freedom and forced to live in insalubrious conditions. The refugees used writing and culture as a strategy to resist, and as a means to hang on to their personal, familial, social and ideological identities. As a result of their cultural activity, a wide range of newsletters and diaries were edited in the internment camps despite the scarcity of resources. The refugees used these writings as a means of entertainment but also to spread their own doctrines. This article analyzes some 30 newsletters produced by a variety of groups in the camps: political groups, which were mostly linked to the field of education, different intellectuals and members of the International Brigades. The main goal of this work is to disentangle how the newsletters were produced, discuss the aims of the different publications and show how the texts were circulated and exchanged within the internment camps. Ultimately, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate the meaning of these communications for their authors and their readers and examine how the texts were used to reconstruct their lost identity.

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Pergher, Roberta. "Killing Fields: Environment, Agency, and the Fascist Conquest of Colonial Libya." Perspectivas - Journal of Political Science 25 (December 17, 2021): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.3210.

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The article seeks to reflect on the question of "nature’s agency" in histories of violence. It thus revisits the choices and outcomes of Fascist policy in Libya by foregrounding the colony’s ecology. The determination to win a war on inhospitable terrain led to the regime’s decision to set up concentration camps for Bedouin tribes and their herds in the desert-like and semiarid areas of Cyrenaica, which in turn had a murderous effect on humans and animals. From there, the article moves on to the second phase of Italian conquest, when the defeat of the anticolonial resistance turned into a "conquest of nature", with the agricultural reclamation of the highlands of Cyrenaica for Italian settlers. These agricultural centers and their people, which might at first sight seem bucolic and benign, were just as injurious to the Bedouin ecology predating the Italian occupation as were the concentration camps. The conclusion ponders the moral imperatives in writing histories of Fascist violence and the openings for environmental history.

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Rodríguez Varela, Rita. "La experiencia del Mal Radical en la obra de Jorge Semprún = The experience of Radical Evil in the works of Jorge Semprún." Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, no. 39 (December 15, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i39.5101.

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<p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Este artículo pretende realizar un análisis de las novelas sobre los campos de concentración del escritor Jorge Semprún. Partiendo de la dicotomía escribir o vivir como un estado psicológico del autor tras su liberación, se reflexionará sobre las posibilidades de la literatura y del artificio como transmisores capaces de hacer entender la experiencia concentracionaria. Finalmente, se analizará el concepto filosófico del Mal Radical, señalado por Semprún como un elemento clave para entender dicha experiencia.</span></span></p><p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua', serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This article analyses the writer Jorge Semprun’s novels which the main topic is the concentration camps. Based on the dichotomy of writing or living as a psychological status of the writer after his release, this article will debate the ability of the literature as a way to transmit the essence of the concentration camps experience. To conclude, it will analyze the philosophic concept of the Radical Evil, identified by Semprun as a key element to understand that experience.<br /><br /></span></span></p>

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Lyon-Caen, Judith. "Michel Borwicz: między Polską a Francją, między literaturą a historią." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 13 (December 3, 2017): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.359.

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Michał Borwicz was a Polish poet, prose writer, and a publicist of Jewish origins. During the Nazi occupation he was resettled to the Lvov getto, and in the years 1942–1943 he was imprisoned in the Janowska concentration camp. He managed to escape and next he was active in the resistance movement. After the war as a director of the Jewish Historical Commission in Kraków he tried to collect and publish testimonies of the Holocaust survivors. In 1947 he decided to emigrate to France. In 1953 Borwicz defended his doctoral dissertation at the Sorbonne. The dissertation was published the same year. It presents writings of people “condemned to death” under Nazi occupation, and is considered a pioneer study of literature and writing practices in the camps and ghettos. Unfortunately the singularity of the author and the strength of his work are still underestimated.

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Korzeniewska-Nowakowska, Paulina. "Literary Representation of Sport in Historical Turmoil: On Józef Hen’s “The Boxer and The Death”." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 27 (December 29, 2021): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.27.20.

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The present article strives to analyze a sporting war short story The Boxer and The Death by Józef Hen as an exemplary piece of sports writing immersed in a historical context. Although there is no entrenched tradition of sports writing in the Polish literary expression, the story offers a very classic sports narrative anchored in the Holocaust reality. Following the presentation of the figure of Hen and providing historical background for sport in concentration camps, the author analyzes the story, focusing on its two main characters: Janusz Kominek and Walter Kraft, as well as the values and symbols they represent. It is also argued that The Boxer and The Death fulfills the criteria of a traditional western, melodramatic narrative, and conforms to Robert J. Higgs’s Adonic model of an athlete in literature.

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Tietjen, Jeanie. "Durchfall, Auschwitz’s Unwritten Story: Filth and Excremental Violence in Tadeusz Borowski’s Postwar Fiction." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 34, no. 3 (2020): 409–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcaa057.

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Abstract As an author central to postwar literature on the concentration and death camp experience, Tadeusz Borowski chose to depict the relatively taboo subject of excremental violence. Borowski’s documentary fiction depicted an aspect of history that was, especially in 1946 after his own incarceration and survival, both raw and controversial. Writing in Polish as part of a collective work, Borowski was intent on speaking in his native language to a shattered Polish nation. This article analyzes how Borowski drew attention to human rights violations by writing about excremental violence. It further examines how Borowski eschewed oversimplified postwar categories of perpetrators, victims, and resisters. Instead, drawing upon his own experiences in Auschwitz, Dautmergen, and Dachau, his works articulate the powerlessness of those in the camps and the dehumanizing conditions they faced, thus challenging any misleading narratives regarding heroic agency.

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Peris Blanes, Jaume. "Escritura, comunidad y ‘efecto documental’ en Prisión en Chile, de Alejandro Witker / Writing, Community and Documentary effect in 'Prison in Chile', by Alejandro Witker." Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural., no. 10 (December 29, 2017): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/kam.10.11187.

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RESUMEN: Prisión en Chile, de Alejandro Witker, fue uno de los textos testimoniales de mayor impacto en los años que siguieron al Golpe Militar. Sus diferentes paratextos identificaban la enunciación testimonial como una forma de combate que podía sustituir a las formas tradicionales de la lucha política. Para hacerlo, el texto de Witker desarrollaba una serie de estrategias de construcción textual que le servían para discursivizar la idea fundamental de experiencia colectiva y para crear un ‘efecto documental’ que potenciaría su función de denuncia. Palabras clave: Testimonio, campos de concentración, comunidad, ‘efecto documental’. ABSTRACT: Alejandro Witker’s Prison in Chile was one of the most important testimonies in the early years of Chilean dictatorship. Their paratexts identified the act of bearing witness as a new kind of struggle in substitution of the traditional ways of fighting. Witker’s text developed some original textual strategies for representing the idea of collective experience and also for creating a ‘documentary effect’. Keywords: Testimony, concentration camps, community, ‘documentary effect’.

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Almaaroof, Ansam R. Abdullah, and Khamis Khalaf Mohammad. "Barbaric Image of America in Selected Literary Texts." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 26, no. 7 (October 5, 2019): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.26.7.2019.40.

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Though the Nazi concentration camps became a huge machine for killing all those suspected of resistance within Germany or in the countries it had occupied or that were its vassals in the II World War, the American barbaric acts which end that War is still the ugliest. This paper is intended to shed light on the barbaric image that literary texts such as John Hersey' "Hiroshima" and Antony Shadid's "Night Draws Near" portray. The paper hypothesizes that no matter who is writing the text about the American wars, the result will be a barbaric image for America. The paper validates the hypothesis as it follows the comparative approach to analyze the selected texts. It ends with a conclusion that shows the finding of the discussion.

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Zalad, Gordana. "„SVEDOČENjE GOLOOTOČKE ZATVORENICE SMILjE FILIPČEV I UTICAJ KOMUNISTIČKE IDEOLOGIJE NA ŽIVOT I STRADANjE JEDNE PORODICE“." Lipar XXII, no. 77 (2022): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lipar77.033z.

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In this paper, we have analysed the authentic testimony of Goli otok prisoner Smilja Filipčev. We interviewed Smilja during multiple encounters from 2011 to 2013. Our second source for this paper was her short book Open Door to Life. Chronicle of a Family. We had chosen Smilja Filipčevʼs testimony because her suffering was a precedent since it had been extended through most of her life. At the time of the Resolution of Informbureau in 1948, all members of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had to opt for or against the Resolution. On the party meeting, Smilja said that members of the Party should attend the meeting in Bucharest and defend the Partyʼs stance. Those words were her verdict which affected not only her life, but also the life of her entire family. The sufferings of Smilja Filipčev and her family had begun during the Second World War, had its peak during the Resolution of Informbureau 1948 – 1956 and its concentration camps and they even stretched into the period after her internment. Our main hypothesis was that the most loyal Communists who uncompromisingly believed in their idols of the equality and truth were being most heavily punished in the camps for re-education of convicts. We have shown and proved our hypoth- esis with the life experience of Smilja Filipčev and her family. We selected Smilja because her life had been full of sufferings and because she was willing to talk about it – other women victims we had met were not. We had not found the official evidence of torture and maltreatment done by investigators, managers or revised women prisoners in the prisons and camps, and that fact was the main reason for writing this paper. Everything Smilja said during our encounters and interviews and wrote in her book represents an authentic document worth of our attention.

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Feigel, Lara. "‘The Sermons in the Stones of Germany Preach Nihilism’: ‘Outsider Rubble Literature’ and the Reconstruction of Germany, 1945–1949." Comparative Critical Studies 13, no. 2 (June 2016): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2016.0201.

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This article explores the literature and film produced by the writers and filmmakers sent by the British and Americans to occupied Germany in the four years after the war. Although these figures were intended to help transform the mentality of the Germans, it is argued here that they had less effect on Germany than Germany had on them, and that the crucial (albeit unwitting) result of their visits to Germany was the creation of a genre of art here named ‘outsider rubble literature’ or Fremdentrümmerliteratur. This is a genre that asked, ultimately, what right the Allies had to judge Germany from outside when they were guilty too. It comprises a series of fundamentally ambivalent works of art that often manifest their ambivalence by juxtaposing the two forms of destruction experienced in Germany: the destruction of the bombed cities and the destruction wrought in the concentration camps. The article suggests that this genre of ‘outsider rubble literature’ includes Thomas Mann's great postwar novel Doktor Faustus, arguing that our understanding of this novel is increased if we read it alongside the postwar writing of Stephen Spender, Martha Gellhorn and Klaus Mann, and the postwar filmmaking of Billy Wilder.

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Gaszyńska-Magiera, Małgorzata. "Miłość w cieniu traumy w powieści Le mort qu’il faut Jorgego Semprúna i w jej przekładach na hiszpański i polski." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 28, no. 2(56) (June 30, 2022): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.28.2022.56.02.

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LOVE IN THE SHADOW OF TRAUMA IN THE NOVEL LE MORT QU’IL FAUT BY JORGE SEMPRÚN AND ITS TRANSLATIONS INTO SPANISH AND POLISH Testimonies of concentration camps prisoners are usually exceptionally emotional. The ways of expressing feelings in this kind of writings is a relatively little explored issue, and the existing case studies focused on linguistic markers of negative emotions, such as horror, despair and gloom. However, the range of feelings expressed in the memories of the survivors is much wider and includes also emotions such as friendship, love, and compassion. The article analyzes excerpts from Jorge Semprún’s novel Le mort qu’il faut, particularly those which show feelings for a woman, and their translations into Spanish and Polish. The purpose of the analysis is to list the techniques used by specialists to translate these passages and to evaluate to what extent they managed to convey their emotional temperature.

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Górny, Rafał. "Wybrane listy Francuzów do prymasa Józefa Glempa z lat 1981–1982 w zasobie Archiwum Polskiej Misji Katolickiej we Francji." Przegląd Archiwalno-Historyczny 8 (December 2021): 225–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2391-890xpah.21.012.15317.

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Archiwum Polskiej Misji Katolickiej w Paryżu przechowuje zespół nr 36 — Listy do prymasa Polski Józefa Glempa. Jest to korespondencja Francuzów skierowana do polskiego hierarchy kościelnego, w której potępiono wprowadzenie stanu wojennego w Polsce i wyrażono duchowe wsparcie dla wszystkich Polaków — braci i sióstr w wierze katolickiej. Akcja pisania takich listów wsparcia została zainicjowana przez katolicki dziennik „La Croix” i stanowiła element ogólnofrancuskiej manifestacji poparcia dla społeczeństwa polskiego. Treść korespondencji obok szablonowego tekstu zredagowanego przez „La Croix” stanowią również teksty indywidualne, wyrażające emocjonalny stosunek do Polaków i do wydarzeń dziejących się w Polsce. W artykule zebrano te listy, które odnoszą się do wspomnień z czasów II wojny światowej i pobytów w obozach koncentracyjnych. Byli jeńcy francuscy opisali w nich swoje kontakty ze współwięźniami polskimi, podkreślając ich heroizm i wiarę w Boga. The letters of French citizens to primate Glemp from the years 1981–1982 in the collection of the Polish Catholic Mission Archive in France The Polish Catholic Mission Archive in Paris is home to fond no. 36: Letters to Polish primate Józef Glemp. It comprises letters sent by French citizens to the Polish Catholic Church dignitary, in which they condemn the introduction of martial law in Poland and express spiritual support for all Poles — brothers and sisters in the Catholic faith. The letter writing campaign was initiated by the Catholic paper “La Croix”, and was an element of a broader manifestation of French support for Poles. Beside template letters based on the text published in “La Croix”, the fond also includes personal messages, expressing an emotional attitude to Poles and to the events taking place in Poland. The paper discusses those letters whose authors reminisce on the Second World War and their experiences in concentration camps. Former French prisoners of war describe their relations with Polish prisoners, emphasizing their heroism and faith in God.

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Halamová, Martina. "Returns from Concentration Camps." Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, no. 12 (September 21, 2017): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pss.2017.12.7.

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The article is concentrated on the Czech post-war literature, especially on the Czech treatment of the theme regarding returns from concentration camps in the novels written in the second half of 20th century and in contemporary literature. The presented novels, thematizing the mentioned topic, are viewed as representations of those days discourses shaped by the “course of history”. Therefore, the article follows variation of the theme as well as the modification of heros in connection with the transformation of discourses, and tries to describe the reasons of the changing.

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Prestwich, E. "Boer War Concentration Camps." English 50, no. 197 (June 1, 2001): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/50.197.159.

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Morrison, Alexander. "Convicts and Concentration Camps." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 20, no. 2 (2019): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.2019.0026.

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IZUMI, MASUMI. "PROHIBITING "AMERICAN CONCENTRATION CAMPS"." Pacific Historical Review 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 165–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2005.74.2.165.

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In September 1971 Congress repealed the Emergency Detention Act, Title II of the McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950. This act had authorized the President to apprehend and detain any person suspected as a threat to internal security during a national emergency. This article analyzes the Title II repeal campaign between 1967 and 1971, revealing that the public historical memories of Japanese American internment greatly influenced support for repeal in Congress and among the American public. Civil rights and antiwar protesters both feared that such a law might be used against them, but Japanese Americans had been interned during World War II. Their presence in the repeal campaign made the question of detention starkly real and the need for repeal persuasive. Conversely, their work for repeal allowed them to address a painful part of their American experience and speak publicly as a community.

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Rowtho, Vikash, Shafiiq Gopee, and Alisha Hingun. "Doctoral boot camps: from military concept to andragogy." Education + Training 62, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-11-2018-0233.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the use of writing boot camp cycles with differentiated facilitation in promoting a research culture within an academic setting by investigating its effectiveness and challenges amongst early career researchers.Design/methodology/approachThis research takes a case study approach within a teaching-focussed private institution moving towards teaching and research. A mixed-method approach captured insights of academics' feelings and perceptions at different stages of the boot camps. Participants set their writing objectives prior to the programme. The initial writing boot camp was followed by a post-programme survey. Two months later, a focus group was conducted and the outcomes were used to refine the subsequent boot camp session.FindingsThe findings confirmed that writing boot camps are beneficial in enabling staff members to progress in their writing and in building a research culture. The study further highlighted some of the associated challenges.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used only the largest private institution in the country as a case.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights some of the key considerations and challenges for practitioners who wish to run effective writing boot camps, e.g. environment, facilitation, debriefing, frequency and duration.Originality/valueThis study introduces the concept of “Writing Boot Camp Cycles” coupled with “Differentiated Facilitation” to enhance the output of writing boot camps while at the same time promoting a research culture.

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Bondarchuk, Yaroslav. "DIPLOMATIC PRACTICES OF VIACHESLAV LYPYNSKYI IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF HISTORIANS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1, no. 32 (April 28, 2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2021-32-85-89.

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In recent years, researchers are increasingly focused on the Viacheslav Lypynskyi (Ukrainian politician, theorist of Ukrainian conservatism) : from practical political actions to a detailed study of theoretical reflections. They interested in various vectors of Lipin studies. It should be noted that V. Lypynskyi became sufficiently studied in recent years as the head of the Ukrainian Embassy in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Scientists, on the work of which drawn attention in the relevant topic: Igor Ducks, Igor Girich, Tatyana Ostashko, Irina Interim and others. This article is aimed at summing a certain result in the long run of scientists. The article is trying to collect, analyze, explore and outline certain results in the historiographic study of the place of V. Lypynskyi in the international politics of the Ukrainian state. The main submers are considered, which researchers studied in the context of the activities of V. Lypynskyi as ambassador during their work from 1918 to 1919. The topics of scientific research were especially studied: Embassy staff (appointment, the appointment of those who are responsible for certain sectors and criticism of personnel by opponents, both from among the government and the social democratic forces); The struggle for territorial encroachments and at the same time ratification of Beresia Agreement (peace treaty between the Ukrainian People’s Republic on the one hand and German, Austria-Hungarian, Ottoman Empires and the Bulgarian kingdom of the other side). The strong Polish diaspora prevented the joining of the Kholm region and part of the smashes in the Ukrainian state. Also, the activity that puts themselves the goal of helping the prisoners of war in concentration camps and citizens of Ukraine, which were in Austria – Hungary); Lypynskyi’s care from the post of Representative of Ukraine in Vienna (comes to power in Kiev in November 1918, the directory of UNR and the inability to find a common language with new government structures). As a result of scientific research, we conclude that this topic is sufficiently studied. Most scientific works used during the writing of the article are combined into a positive assessment of the role of V. Lipinsky as ambassador.

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Basic, Goran. "Concentration Camp Rituals." Humanity & Society 41, no. 1 (July 25, 2016): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597615621593.

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In the German camps during the Second World War, the aim was to kill from a distance, and the camps were highly efficient in their operations. Previous studies have thus analyzed the industrialized killing and the victims’ survival strategies. Researchers have emphasized the importance of narratives but they have not focused on narratives about camp rituals or analyzed postwar interviews as a continued resistance and defense of one’s self. This article tries to fill this gap by analyzing stories told by former detainees in concentration camps in the Bosnian war during the 1990s. This article aims to describe a set of recounted interaction rituals as well as to identify how these rituals are dramatized in interviews. The retold stories of humiliation and power in the camps indicate that there was little space for individuality and preservation of self. Nevertheless, the detainees seem to have been able to generate some room for resistance, and this seems to have granted them a sense of honor and self-esteem, not least after the war. Their narratives today represent a form of continued resistance.

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Forth, Aidan. "Concentration Camps: A Short History." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 4 (February 2018): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_01208.

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Diao, Hong. "Interpreting in Nazi concentration camps." Language & History 62, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2018.1554398.

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Bronisch, Thomas. "Suicidality in German concentration camps." Archives of Suicide Research 2, no. 2 (April 1996): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811119608251963.

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Lester, David. "Suicidality in german concentration camps." Archives of Suicide Research 3, no. 3 (July 1997): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13811119708258274.

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Rautenberg, Uta. "Interpreting in Nazi Concentration Camps." Social History 42, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2017.1320139.

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Dillon, Christopher. "Concentration camps: a short history*." International Affairs 94, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiy037.

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Summerfield, D. "Psychological survival after concentration camps." BMJ 307, no. 6903 (August 28, 1993): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.307.6903.568-b.

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Moore, Paul. "‘And What Concentration Camps Those Were!’: Foreign Concentration Camps in Nazi Propaganda, 1933-9." Journal of Contemporary History 45, no. 3 (July 2010): 649–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009410366557.

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This article examines nazi propaganda on non-German ‘concentration camps’ in the years 1933—9. It shows how the regime publicized internment facilities in Austria, the Soviet Union and South Africa during the Boer War for rhetorical effect. This examination is placed within the context of extensive nazi propaganda concerning Germany’s own camps, demonstrating that the two propaganda strands worked not contrary to each other, but rather in a mutually reinforcing manner. In addition, the article will explore the legacy of this propaganda material in shaping popular attitudes with the onset of war and genocide.

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Terpe, Sylvia. "Negative Hopes: Social Dynamics of Isolating and Passive Forms of Hope." Sociological Research Online 21, no. 1 (February 2016): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3799.

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This article critically questions the popular idea of hope as a motivating emotion as well as the more specific idea of hope as engendering solidary ties. Both notions can be found in social movement research and will be introduced in the first section. The idea that hope is such an activating force that binds people together is challenged by reports of some survivors of Nazi concentration camps. In the second part I will turn to a selection from the writings of Tadeusz Borowski and Ruth Klüger, both of whom survived Auschwitz. They emphasize that it was (besides other factors) the prisoners’ hope that isolated them from each other and which prevented them from undertaking acts of resistance against their tormentors. In the third and main section a close reading of Friedrich Torberg's novel Vengeance is Mine will help to identify particular features of such numbing forms of hope. Although fictitious, this novel broadens our understanding of hope by revealing two social dynamics encouraging hopes that have isolating effects and that induce passivity. I will close with reflections on how these negative accounts of hope can be integrated into a general conception of hope. I suggest differentiating between two meanings of hope: the one refers to ideas of a better future, the other one to the ways by which such futures may be achieved. It is useful to distinguish these two meanings analytically in order to understand the empirically different forms of hope.

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Chappel, James. "The God That Won: Eugen Kogon and the Origins of Cold War Liberalism." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 2 (April 2020): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419833439.

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Eugen Kogon (1903–87) was one of the most important German intellectuals of the late 1940s. His writings on the concentration camps and on the nature of fascism were crucial to West Germany’s fledgling transition from dictatorship to democracy. Previous scholars of Kogon have focused on his leftist Catholicism, which differentiated him from the mainstream. This article takes a different approach, asking instead how Kogon, a recovering fascist himself, came to have so much in common with his peers in West Germany and in the Cold War West. By 1948, he fluently spoke the new language of Cold War liberalism, pondering how human rights and liberal democracy could be saved from totalitarianism. He did not do so, the article argues, because he had decided to abandon his principles and embrace a militarized anti-Communist cause. Instead, he transitioned to Cold War liberalism because it provided a congenial home for a deeply Catholic thinker, committed to a carceral understanding of Europe’s fascist past and a federalist vision for its future. The analysis helps us to see how European Catholics made the Cold War their own – an important phenomenon, given that Christian Democrats held power almost everywhere on the continent that was not controlled by Communists. The analysis reveals a different portrait of Cold War liberalism than we usually see: less a smokescreen for American interests, and more a vessel for emancipatory projects and ideals that was strategically employed by diverse actors across the globe.

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Goeschel, Christian. "Suicide in Nazi Concentration Camps, 1933-9." Journal of Contemporary History 45, no. 3 (July 2010): 628–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009410366558.

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Too often histories of the concentration camps tend to be ignorant of the wider political context of nazi repression and control. This article tries to overcome this problem. Combining legal, social and political history, it contributes to a more thorough understanding of the changing relationship between the camps as places of extra-legal terror and the judiciary, between nazi terror and the law. It argues that the conflict between the judiciary and the SS was not a conflict between ‘good’ and ‘evil’, as existing accounts claim. Rather, it was a power struggle for jurisdiction over the camps. Concentration camp authorities covered up the murders of prisoners as suicides to prevent judicial investigations. This article also looks at actual suicides in the pre-war camps, to highlight individual inmates’ reactions to life within the camps. The article concludes that the history of the concentration camps needs to be firmly integrated into the history of nazi terror and the Third Reich.

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Cesarani, David. "Camps de la mort, camps de concentration et camps d'internement dans la mémoire collective britannique." Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire 54, no. 1 (1997): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/xxs.1997.3627.

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Cesarani, David. "Camps de la mort, camps de concentration et camps d'internement dans la memoire collective britannique." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 54 (April 1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3771406.

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Fackler, Guido. "Music in Concentration Camps 1933–1945." Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire, no. 124 (April 2, 2017): 60–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.5732.

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Waseda, Minako. "Music in Japanese American Concentration Camps." Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire, no. 124 (April 2, 2017): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.5765.

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van der Zanden, Christine Schmidt. "Slave labor in Nazi concentration camps." Holocaust Studies 22, no. 4 (May 26, 2016): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2016.1187840.

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Bukvić, Rajko. "Concentration camps: A view on guards." Crimen 10, no. 1 (2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/crimen1901003b.

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Ryn, Zdzislaw. "Suicides in the Nazi Concentration Camps." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 16, no. 4 (December 1986): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1986.tb00728.x.

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Beorn, Waitman Wade. "Slave Labor in Nazi Concentration Camps." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 30, no. 2 (August 2016): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcw030.

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John, Eckhard. "Music and concentration camps: An approximation." Journal of Musicological Research 20, no. 4 (January 2001): 269–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411890108574791.

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Hoffmann-Curtius, K. "Memorials for the Dachau Concentration Camps." Oxford Art Journal 21, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/21.2.21.

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Fleck, Christian, and Albert Müller. "Bruno Bettelheim and the concentration camps." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, no. 1 (1997): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199724)33:1<1::aid-jhbs1>3.0.co;2-y.

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Grzechowiak, Jarosław. "Jedzenie w polskich filmach fabularnych o tematyce obozowej." Kultura Popularna 2, no. 56 (June 29, 2018): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1143.

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The article is about food motives in Polish movies and TV serieses about concentration camps. It contains analysis of movies with concentration camps theme and indication of functions in which food performs in that productions. The post-war texts in the field of psychology and memories of concentration camps memories were quoted in that article.

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48

Jacquier, Charles. "Contribution à l'histoire des camps de concentration." Commentaire Numéro 75, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.075.0745.

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49

Lake, Mackenzie. "Book Review: Concentration Camps: A Short History." Genocide Studies and Prevention 13, no. 1 (April 2019): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.13.1.1635.

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Jurgenson, Luba. "La mort dans les camps de concentration." Article 19, no. 1 (November 1, 2007): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016632ar.

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Résumé Après avoir analysé les processus de mise à mort et de destruction (ou enterrement anonyme) des corps dans les camps nazis et soviétiques, on examinera les rites élaborés au sein de la société concentrationnaire autour des mourants et des cadavres ainsi que l’état physique et psychologique particulier entre la vie et la mort qui fait l’objet de constructions narratives complexes dans les récits des survivants. On interrogera les stratégies visant à représenter ces états-limite et à reconstituer les espaces conçus pour produire du néant. On tentera de montrer que le texte du témoignage, au-delà de son objectif explicite – transmettre l’expérience – est un texte agissant investi de fonction de sépulture.

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