Academic literature on the topic 'Written Arabic'
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Journal articles on the topic "Written Arabic"
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Alnosairee, Abdullah, and Ni Wayan Sartini. "A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY IN ARABIC DIALECTS." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v6i1.43127.
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<p><br />This study proposes a number of criteria, investigates in Arabic dialects and its types, it is a secondary source study; in other words, information is collected from primary sources such as websites, books, action/empirical research, case studies, observations and so on. Arabic is one of the world's great languages. Its graceful script, magnificent style and rich vocabulary give the language a unique character and flavor. Arabic is the largest member of the Semitic language family which also includes languages like Hebrew and Aramaic. like most other Semitic languages, Arabic is written from right to left. The origins of the Arabic language go back to pre-Islamic Arabia, where the tribes spoke local Arabic dialects. Arabic is the official language overall Arab countries, it is used for official speech, newspapers, public administration and school. In Parallel, for everyday communication, nonofficial talks, songs and movies, Arab people use their dialects which are inspired from Standard Arabic and differ from one Arabic country to another. These linguistic phenomena is called disglossia, a situation in which two distinct varieties of a language are spoken within the same speech community. It is observed Throughout all Arab countries, standard Arabic widely written but not used in everyday conversation, dialect widely spoken in everyday life but almost never written. A lot of works have been dedicated for written Arabic. Arabic dialects at near time were not studied enough. Interest for them is recent. First work for these dialects began in the last decade for middle-east ones.</p>
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Rizki Putriani, Hibatullah Romdhoni, and Ihya Salsabila. "An Examination of the Writing Process in the Pre-Islamic Arab Period in the Pre-Islamic Arab History Book by Dr. Jawwad Ali." Spiritus: Religious Studies and Education Journal 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59923/spiritus.v2i1.33.
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The process of writing in pre-islamic Arabia had several periods and there were several factors that influenced the development of literary writing in Pre-Islamic Arabia, which had five separate periods at each time. This paper aims to examine more deeply the process of literary writing in pre-Islamic Arabia, which is studied through the book Pre-Islamic Arabic History written by Dr. Jawwad Ali. This study uses a literature study that explores Jahiliyyah Arabic literature from the perspective of social, religion and thoughts that influenced Jahiliyyah Arabic literature. The results of the study of Jahiliyyah Arabic literature are expected to increase the understanding of Arabic literature reviewers towards society and knowledge and aspirations about the culture of Jahiliyyah Arabic society from the perspective of historical and literary experiences
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Abu Elhij'a, Dua'a. "FACEBOOK WRITTEN LEVANTINE VERNACULAR LANGUAGES." Levantine Review 1, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lev.v1i1.2157.
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Over the last fifteen years, in every Arabic-speaking country, young Arabic speakers have begun to write their spoken language in electronic media, such as Facebook, MSN Messenger, and so on. The new way of writing in social media is a radical deviation from the traditional norm of writing the classical language—as well as what is commonly referred to as Modern Standard Arabic. This study is presenting this phenomenon in the Levant— Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel/Palestine.
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Tirosh-Becker, Ofra, and Oren M. Becker. "TAJA Corpus: Linguistically Tagged Written Algerian Judeo-Arabic Corpus." Journal of Jewish Languages 10, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 24–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10020.
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Abstract The Tagged Algerian Judeo-Arabic (TAJA) corpus is the first linguistically annotated corpus of any Judeo-Arabic dialect regardless of geography and period. The corpus is a genre-diverse collection of written Modern Algerian Judeo-Arabic texts, encompassing translations of the Bible and of liturgical texts, commentaries and original Judeo-Arabic books and journals. The TAJA corpus was manually annotated with parts-of-speech (POS) tags and detailed morphology tags. The goal of the new corpus is twofold. First, it preserves this endangered Judeo-Arabic language, expanding on previous fieldwork and going beyond the study of individual written texts. The corpus has already enabled us to make strides towards a grammar of written Algerian Judeo-Arabic. Second, this tagged corpus serves as a foundation for the development of Judeo-Arabic-specific Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, which allow automatic POS tagging and morphological annotation of large collections of yet untapped texts in Algerian Judeo-Arabic and other Judeo-Arabic varieties.
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Cachia, Pierre, Hans Wehr, and J. Milton Cowan. "A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic." Journal of the American Oriental Society 105, no. 4 (October 1985): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/602745.
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Miller, Catherine. "Juba Arabic as a written language." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 29, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 352–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.29.2.06mil.
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This paper deals with the issue of Juba Arabic (JA) as a written language and investigates various written materials produced from early 20th century up to the early 21st century. The investigated writings are presented in their socio-historical context in order to determine in which ways genres and contexts impact writing practices, particularly regarding orthographic and grammatical choices. These choices are analyzed following the notions of sameness and distance used for evaluating literacy processes in non-standard languages. The paper highlights the key moments and key agents of the codification of JA as a written language and the new developments led by the use of the internet.
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Blau, Joshua. "Vernacular Arabic as Reflected by Middle Arabic (Including Judaeo-Arabic)." Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic 15-16 (1995): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.58513/arabist.1995.15-16.2.
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Middle Arabic texts are of great cultural significance, since some of the most important works of Medieval Islamic culture are written in Middle Arabic. They are, however, of great linguistic significance as well: Middle Arabic is characterized by the almost free alternation of classical, post-classical, pseudo-correct, and vernacular Neo-Arabic elements. This last set is dealt with in this article.
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Widyanti, Alya Rahma, and Abdul Muta'ali. "The Suitability of Visual Images in Baina Yadaik Arabic Textbook." Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/a.v9i2.28987.
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This study was brought up due to 308 mismatches of images with the written vocabulary in the Baina Yadaik Arabic textbook. This research focused on the compatibility of visual images with written vocabulary. The object used was 1386 images in 8 chapters of the Baina Yadaik Arabic textbook volume 1A. Baina Yadaik Arabic book is an Arabic learning book used to help learners learn everyday vocabulary for beginners. This research used the visual representational mode theory by Kress and Van Leeuwen. The methodology of this study was a descriptive qualitative with multimodal discourse analysis. The VGG Image Annotator corpus tools assisted this research to analyze images with written vocabulary. This study concluded that visual images are one of the essential components of learning Arabic. Many images in Baina Yadaik Arabic textbook volume 1A do not match the written vocabulary. This book still adheres to Arabic culture, which is very different from the culture in Indonesia, and needs special attention for teacher to use this book as a learning tool.
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Jamilah, Mimi. "Al-Dirāsah al-Muqārinah ʿan Kafā'ah al-Tarjamah al-Taḥrīriyyah min al-Lugah al-ʿArabiyyah ilā al-Lughah al-Indūnisiyyah wa ʿAksuha." HuRuf Journal : International Journal of Arabic Applied Linguistic 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/huruf.v2i1.5111.
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<p><em>The research is conducting the objectives of (1) knowing the written translation ability of Indo-Arabic Intensive Arabic students at the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School Surabaya and (2) knowing the written translation abilities of Indo-Arabic Intensive Arabic students at the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School Surabaya (3) knowing the comparison between Indo-Arabic and Indo-Arabic Written Translation for Arabic Language Intensive Students at the Annur Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. In this research, the writer uses a quantitative data analysis method using paired sample T-test with an SPSS application. In this case, to compare the variable (x) Arabic-Indo translation ability (y) Arabic-Indo written translation ability and the comparison between written Arabic-Indo and Indo-Arabic translations for Intensive Arabic Students at the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. The correlation between the Arabic-Indo and Indo-Arabic translations is 0.548, which means a strong relationship. T count > t table (4,402 > 2.002) implies that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant comparison between the ability of written Arabic-Indo and Indo-Arabic translations of the Intensive Arabic students at the An-Nur Islamic boarding school in Surabaya.</em></p><br /><p dir="RTL">تم إجراء البحث بأهداف: (1) معرفة القدرة على الترجمة الكتابية لطلاب اللغة العربية المكثفة في مدرسة النور الإسلامية الداخلية سورابايا (2) معرفة قدرات الترجمة التحريرية لطلاب اللغة العربية المكثفة في مدرسة النور الإسلامية الداخلية سورابايا (3) معرفة المقارنة بين الترجمة المكتوبة العربية لطلاب اللغة العربية المكثفة في مدرسة النور الإسلامية الداخلية سورابايا.. في هذا البحث ، يستخدم الكاتب طريقة تحليل البيانات الكمية باستخدام اختبار T للعينة المقترنة مع تطبيق SPSS. في هذه الحالة، لإيجاد مقارنة بين المتغير (x) قدرة الترجمة العربية-الهندية (y) القدرة على الترجمة المكتوبة العربية-الهندية والمقارنة بين الترجمة المكتوبة العربية-الهندية والهندية-العربية لطلاب اللغة العربية المكثفين في مدرسة النور الإسلامية الداخلية سورابايا. نتائج العلاقة بين الترجمتين العربية االإندونيىية والإندونيسية العربية هي 0.548 ، مما يعني أن هناك علاقة قوية ، و t عد > جدول t (4,402 > 2.002) ، مما يعني أن Ho مرفوض و Ha مقبول ، مما يعني أن هناك مقارنة كبيرة بين قدرة الترجمات العربية الهندية المكتوبة والهندية العربية. طلاب اللغة العربية المكثفون في مدرسة النور الإسلامية الداخلية في سورابايا.</p>
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Determann, Jörg Matthias. "Arabic Science Fiction, written by Ian Campbell." Journal of Arabic Literature 52, no. 1-2 (April 16, 2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064x-12341428.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Written Arabic"
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Al-Qahtani, Saad H. "Arabization in written discourse in Saudi Arabia." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177981.
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In this study I investigate Arabization as a quasi ideological-linguistic phenomenon in Saudi Arabia. First, the study examines decisions and policies employed in Arabization on the planning level. Second, it evaluates empirically the extent to which a set of Arabized words (288 words) is implemented in written discourse. The study addresses also the linguistic processes of coining Arabic derived words for the replacement of foreign terms.Employing a corpus-linguistic framework, a written corpus of 1,068,263 words was compiled from three Saudi newspapers-Al-Jazirah, Ar-Riyadh, and A1-Massaiah. Using a Microsoft-Access database developed for the purpose of the study, the corpus was searched for instances of 288 Arabized words. The results show that Arabized words occur with reasonable frequency in written discourse in Saudi Arabia.Two main variables were found to be significant in the frequency of Arabized words: context (i.e. topic), and method of coinage (the method by which a word was coined into Arabic). For example, Arabized words are more frequent in scientific discourse than in religious discourse, and words that are coined by morphological derivation are more frequent than those made by compounding. Original (English) forms of some Arabized words do occur (14.23%). On the planning level, the study provides a critical evaluation of Arabization in Saudi Arabia, and on the technical level, it provides statistically-supported indications of how such variables i.e. method of coinage and context affect the frequency of Arabized words in the actual language use.Department of English
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Alsuhaibani, Sulaiman. "The verbal sentence in written Arabic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3727.
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This study is concerned with the Arabic verbal sentence structure and the main purpose is to examine the elements of this structure - both the verb and the agent - and their relationship, investigating the classical and modern grammarians' views. Therefore, this research is not based on any single aspect within this structure. The general trend of this research is from the general to the particular; hence a discussion on the parts of speech precedes an analysis of the verbal sentence structure since it is composed of these parts (noun and verb). This study concentrates on syntactic and semantic issues that relate to verbal forms and the agent. In addition, an attempt is made to compare the essential characterisers of Arabic verbal sentence with English sentence structure. This thesis consists of eleven chapters. Chapter One is an introduction. Chapter Two presents a brief account of the three Arabic grammar schools of thought and their methods. In Chapter Three I review the literature related to the verbal sentence. Chapter Four discusses the points of view of medieval and modern grammarians regarding parts of speech and the types of sentence. The fist element of the verbal sentence (the predicate) is examined in Chapters Five and Six; Chapter Five focusing on the transitive and intransitive verb while Chapter Six is in a passive voice. The second element of the verbal sentence (the subject) is examined in Chapters Seven and Eight; Chapter Seven showing the difference between agent and subject terminology and the rules related to them. Chapter Eight is on the deputy agent, examining the reasons for the omission of the agent, the types of deputy agent and the element which takes an agent's place. The basic word order of verbal sentence and the alternative word order forms are analysed in detail in Chapter Nine while Chapter Ten concentrates on the concept of the tense and aspect and the primary and secondary types of them. Chapter Eleven summarises the main findings of the study and makes recommendations for future research.
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Alfraidi, Tareq Rubaye Khalaf. "Conditional sentences in modern written Arabic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29279.
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This study is concerned with the semantic and the functional aspects of Arabic conditional sentences. The motivation behind the study is the existing gaps in previous studies. The framework applied in this study is influenced by some Western linguistic analyses which mainly targeted English conditionals. Additionally, based on the findings, some comparisons between Arabic and English are drawn in order to determine the similarities and the differences between the two languages. This study particularly adopts a certain number of parameters; namely: Modality meanings and their temporal interpretations, the relationship between the two clauses, discourse functional roles and the interaction between conditional particles and other conjunctions and particles. Methodologically, the data included in this study is drawn from a range of Modern Written Arabic sources; hence, the results are proved by empirical evidence based on real texts. This research conducts a qualitative and detailed investigation for the actual use of Modern Written Arabic conditionals with relation to the parameters adopted. As a result, a number of classifications have been identified. These are sometimes supplemented with statistical descriptions. Additionally, this study shows how conditional sentences semantically and functionally act in real Modern Written Arabic texts. i.e. how they denote a variety of meanings and perform functional and textual roles. Finally, the broader contribution of this study is that it provides new insights and a deeper understanding of Arabic conditionals.
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Mehamsadji, M. "Cohesion and text development in written Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2200/.
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Many English teachers posed the problem that their Arab students were able to construct grammatically correct sentences, but were frequently unable to form them into paragraphs or cohesive texts. In my attest to investigate this problem, I started from the assumption that differing patterns of cohesion in English and Arabic probably account for many difficulties Arab students have in writing English. Sane attempts to look at this, based on a contrastive approach, have already been carried out. For my part, I felt the time had came to look at the systems of Arabic in their own terms, which has not yet been done. For this I followed two avenues of study: Functional Sentence Perspective as developed in the Prague School and Halliday and Hasan's work on textual cohesion. For my purpose I selected four lengthy Arabic texts belonging to different text-types which I first analysed from the Functional Sentence Perspective point of view. For this, I followed Dane's (1974) study of thematic progressions, in order to find out what theme-rheme patterns the different Arabic text-types use. In the next step, I investigated the cohesive ties used in written Arabic Halliday and Hasan's model of textual cohesion (1976). I also compared my texts in order to discover if there is a difference in textual cohesion between text-types in Arabic. My analysis of textual cohesion and text development suggests that: 1. Arabic descriptive texts tend to reiterate the same there in successive sentences. 2. Arabic instructive texts favour the use of the linear thematization of rhemes. 3. Arabic makes inter-clausal relationships explicit. 4. Repetition and parallelism are favoured cohesive devices in all text-types. The thesis consists of an introduction followed by a chapter reviewing various approaches to discourse analysis, a chapter on the text-typological approach which has governed my selection of texts; followed by an account of my methodological approach and my analysis.
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Williams, Malcolm Paston. "A comparison of the textual structures of Arabic and English written texts a study in the comparative orality of Arabic /." Thesis, Online version, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.234815.
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Saide, Abdurazag Ahmed Jr. "Arabizi - Help or Harm? An Analysis of the Impacts of Arabizi - Threat or Benefit to the Written Arabic Language?" University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1576162204542936.
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Panović, Ivan. "Writing practices in contemporary Egypt : an ethnographic approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e293353f-46d6-42ae-8f1a-37514fe549d4.
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This thesis is an ethnographically grounded description and interpretation of a variety of writing practices observable in an Arabic speaking community, primarily on the Internet. Working with, or in reaction to, the concept of diglossia, of which Arabic sociolinguistic setting is often cited as a textbook example, the majority of scholars have focused their attention on speech as a major site of language variation and mixing. Writing has been largely neglected. This thesis is a contribution to what I hope will become a growing number of works aimed at filling that lacuna. I examine linguistic features of a number of, mostly non-literary, texts in contemporary Egypt where Modern Standard Arabic (Fuṣḥa) and Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ˤAmmiyya) constitute the theoretical poles of the diglossic continuum. The Egyptian sociolinguistic setting, however, is here understood as being defined and reconfigured by the increasing socio‑economic importance of yet another linguistic variety – English. The analysis of linguistic details is conducted with reference to a broader socio‑cultural context and local language ideologies surrounding the production and reception of a rapidly growing number of texts that employ a variety of features and draw on different linguistic resources, thus often defying, in the outcome, the hegemonic ideological projection that writing is the domain of Fuṣḥa. In order to offer an account of a dynamic, changing and diversified character of writing practices in present‑day Egypt, illustrative examples are drawn from a number of different texts and domains of writing, including Wikipedia Masry, Twitter, Facebook, advertisements, online campaigns for political and social causes, as well as books. The inventory of linguistic resources variously employed by various writers in various circumstances is identified to contain re-combinations across three linguistic varieties, Fuṣḥa, ˤAmmiyya and English, and two scripts, Arabic and Latin.
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Conidi, Emanuela. "Arabic types in Europe and the Middle East, 1514-1924 : challenges in the adaptation of the Arabic script from written to printed form." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80437/.
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This thesis investigates the transition of the Arabic script from written to printed form and the influence that this process had on the evolution of Arabic typeforms. This study aims to acknowledge and interrogate the factors that influenced the typographic shaping of the script in response to typemaking and typesetting technology, and the cultural environment in which these developments took place. The historical scope of the research covers the pre-industrial production of Arabic founts, focusing on letterpress printing and types for hand composition, beginning with the first Arabic movable types in Italy in 1514. The thesis covers developments to 1924, when the Biilaq printing house in Cairo produced the first typographically composed Qur'an to be approved by a Muslim authority. The Biilaq edition marked what could be arguably considered the highpoint of composing Arabic with foundry type and its typeface supplied the model for the development a hot-metal fount, formally bridging hand-set and mechanical technologies for the typesetting of the Qur'an. The research investigates the relationship between the manuscript models and the typographic representation of the Arabic script; and outlines significant developments in Arabic typographic history with selected case studies, chosen to high¬light various aspects of the design and manufacturing processes, as well as discuss approaches of different type-makers and printers. This study draws on primary sources that have not been examined as a set before, employing a methodology of visual documentation that supports detailed comparative analysis. This approach enables a focus on the critical assessment and qualitative appraisal of the Arabic types according to specific parameters. The research aims to shed light on the reasons for the discontinuity between manuscript and print forms, and reveal relationships between the visual forms of letters and the skills, knowledge and resources available to the people involved in the type-making process. It also aims to trace the establishment of typographic conventions for the Arabic script that either originated or departed from manuscript practice. In conclusion, this research extends and deepens the historical narrative of Arabic type history, and provides a valuable source for scholars, students and practitioners in the field.
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Tahhan, Loubna. "La rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite dans la littérature romanesque arabe contemporaine au Proche Orient : l'exemple de Halim Barakat." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030050.
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La thèse étudie d’un point de vue sociolinguistique la rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite, surtout à travers ce que nous avons appelé la classicisation, dans la production romanesque du syrien Ħalīm Barakāt, auteur sur lequel s’est fixé notre choix après de multiples lectures de romans proche-orientaux contemporains. Ħalīm Barakāt est l’auteur de 18 romans et d’une cinquantaine d’essais, en arabe et en anglais, sur la société et la culture. Nous avons choisi de comparer cette rencontre dans quatre de ses romans. Chaque roman est traité dans un chapitre. Dans les deux premiers chapitres sont étudiés les romans les plus récents : “Tā’er al- ħūm” un roman autobiographique écrit en 1987 et réédité en 2007 et “Ināna wan-nahr” une oeuvre mélangeant non seulement les langages et leurs registres mais aussi fantaisie entre mythes locaux et réalité. Puis sont étudiés dans les deux chapitres suivants les deux romans écrits dans les années soixante et soixante-dix : “Sittat Ayyām” qui raconte une histoire d’amour entre deux personnages de religions différentes pendant une guerre, et “Al-raħīl bayna Alsahm wal-watar”, un roman illustré par une vingtaine d’histoires et de contes choisis dans tout le monde arabe et racontés par des personnages représentant la jeunesse arabe dans les années soixante-dix. Dans l’introduction nous proposons un plan pour le travail, qui est fondé surtout sur la traduction en français de tous les extraits arabes choisis pour l’analyse sociolinguistique. Pour bien cerner la rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite nous avons décidé de relever tout ce qui est proverbe et figements lexicaux propres à une langue comme à l’autre et nous avons gardé des passages écrits entièrement en langue standard ou en langue dialectale pour montrer la différence entre ces textes et ceux qui sont hybrides. En ce qui concerne les passages écrits dans une langue hétérogène, nous proposons des termes linguistiques que nous définissons et auxquels nous avons recours tout au long des commentaires qui interviennent entre les tableaux où sont donnés les extraits choisis en regard de leur traduction. La conclusion reprend et synthétise les principaux résultats de la rechercheThis sociolinguistical study is about the encounter of spoken and written language, focusing on the unique phenomenon of the ‘classicisation’, a phenomenon which emerged in modern Arab literature by converting the spoken everyday language into a written form. After long readings into Arab Middle Eastern novelists we have chosen to take as example four novels of Syrian novelist Ħalīm Barakāt, who has authored over 18 books and some fifty essays in both Arabic and English on society and culture. We categorized our study into four chapters; we have chosen to begin with the two most recent ones then the chronologically older ones. The first chapter concentrates on the novel: “Tā’er al- ħūm” which describes the author’s journey alongside his wife to the American mountain side while he remembers his old days in his hometown Kafroun. The second chapter is all about “Ināna wan-nahr”, a love story loaded with mythological references and different religion-related social problems. The third chapter studies “Sittat Ayyām” a tale about an imaginary Arab Middle Eastern village throughout a devastating war. The fourth chapter takes as example some stories told by Arab youth from all over the Arabic world, in “Al-raħīl bayna Al-sahm wal-watar”. In the introduction we suggested some definitions then we relied upon them to integrate the analysis between the lines of the selected passages each time the language register changes. We presented the samples and the translation to French and we focused our analysis on examples that define the register change such as proverbs and expressions, dialectal and classic and common ones, and regional songs and sometimes purely classical-language written passages. In the conclusion we tried to summarize the main results of the research
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Osman, Mirghani El-Sayed. "On the communicative role of word order in written modern standard Arabic : a contribution to functional linguistics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2186/.
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The majority of the available studies which have been done on word order in Arabic are derived from improvised and restricted data taken from the classical variety of Arabic. ALL these studies are generatively-oriented, and consequently their main concern was to find out which word order is the basic one and which orders derive from it. In brief, all these studies are basically structural and have very little, if anything, to do with the situations in which the language was used or with the factors that motivated it's use. We think that such treatments are inadequate, because: (1) the modern standard variety has been totally neglected, and (2) the basic functions of Language as a tool of human communication is not accounted for by these studies. To make up for these inadequacies we are going to approach the issue of word order from a functional vantage point which seeks to relate the structure and it's function. Secondly, we will choose 'Modern Standard Arabic' to be our field of inquiry. Thirdly, all the examples which we are going to discuss will be taken from concrete linguistic situations. We intend to test the following hypotheses: 1. The traditional dichotomy of word order in marked/unmarked terms at the sentence level is unsatisfactory. 2. It is useful to differentiate between basicness and unmarkedness of word order. 3. The frequency with which each word order type occurs may depend on the type of text, and the attitude of the writer towards his/her addressees. 4. A switch from a certain word order-type to another within the same text can sometimes be determined by a shift in the text-typologicalfocus. 5. Permutations of sentence constituents in Arabic sometimes change the grammatical status of the constituents permuted and sometimes do not. 6. The Principle of Functional Sentence Perspective has great influence in Arabic Language, 7. Passivization as a syntactic device influences the order of words in Arabic. 8. Reasons for having different word orders in Arabic can be elucidated by appealing to other cornrnunicative considerations. 9. Different word orders in Arabic serve semantic, syntactic and pragmatic functions.
Books on the topic "Written Arabic"
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Hans, Wehr. A dictionary of modern written Arabic: Arabic-English. 4th ed. Urbana, Ilinois: Spoken Language Services, 1994.
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Milton, Cowan J., ed. A dictionary of modern written Arabic: (Arabic-English). 4th ed. Ithaca, N.Y: Spoken Language Services, 1994.
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Lee, Don Y. Written and spoken Arabic: Based on modern standard Arabic. Bloomington, IN: Eastern Press, 1993.
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G, Carter M., and Badawi El-Said M, eds. Modern written Arabic: A comprehensive grammar. New York: Routledge, 2002.
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Badawi, El-Said M. Modern written Arabic: A comprehensive grammar. London: Routledge, 2004.
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editor, Cowan J. Milton, ed. A dictionary of modern written Arabic. Place of publication not identified]: Snowball Publishing, 2011.
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Mehamsadji, Mokhtar. Cohesion and text development in written Arabic. Salford: University of Salford, 1988.
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Peled, Yishai. Taḥbir ha-ʻarvit ha-ketuvah: Hebeṭim teoreṭiyim u-shimushiyim. Tel-Aviv: Dyonon, 1998.
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Peled, Yishai. Taḥbir ha-ʻarvit ha-ketuvah: Hebeṭim teoreṭiyim u-shimushiyim. Tel-Aviv: Dyonon, 1998.
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Haywood, John A. A new Arabic grammar of the written language. 2nd ed. London: Lund Humphries, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Written Arabic"
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Lancioni, Giuliano. "Modern Written Arabic Grammar." In Teaching and Learning Arabic Grammar, 66–82. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034209-4.
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Cantarino, Vicente. "From spoken to written language and back." In Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics, 25. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.115.06can.
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Caubet, Dominique. "New elaborate written forms in Darija." In The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Linguistics, 387–406. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315147062-22.
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Sirhan, Nadia R. "The Oral-Written Divide." In Folk Stories and Personal Narratives in Palestinian Spoken Arabic, 18–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137325761_2.
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Khalil, Saussan. "Colloquial Written Arabic in print, in various dialects." In Arabic Writing in the Digital Age, 138–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044321-6.
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Al-Ansary, Sameh. "NP-Structure Types in Spoken and Written Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) Corpora." In Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics, 149–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.247.12ala.
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"7. Written Online Communication." In Internet Arabic, 63–80. Edinburgh University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780748644933-009.
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"Negatives." In Modern Written Arabic, 474–99. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203351758-10.
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"Adjectival and Relative Clauses." In Modern Written Arabic, 500–549. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203351758-11.
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"Coordinated Sentences." In Modern Written Arabic, 550–85. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203351758-12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Written Arabic"
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Al -Yousefi, H., and S. S. Udpa. "Recognition Of Hand Written Arabic Characters." In 32nd Annual Technical Symposium, edited by Andrew G. Tescher. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.948475.
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Micallef, Kurt, Fadhl Eryani, Nizar Habash, Houda Bouamor, and Claudia Borg. "Exploring the Impact of Transliteration on NLP Performance: Treating Maltese as an Arabic Dialect." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Computation and Written Language (CAWL 2023). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.cawl-1.4.
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Şeşen, Ramazan. "Turkish manuscripts and the Publication of their catalogues." In The Significance of Islamic Manuscripts. Al-Furqān Islamic Heritage Foundation, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.56656/100130.06.
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Turks contributed to the literature of Islamic science not only work written in Arabic and Persian, but also from the middle of the fifth/eleventh century, thousands of works in Turkish, written in the Arabic script. Their contribution is to be found in almost all branches of science in the Islamic world. Today, Turkish is one of the three most important languages of culture in the Islamic world. More than 150 million Muslims use various dialects of Turkish.
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Bouchlaghem, Rihab, Aymen Elkhelifi, and Rim Faiz. "SVM based approach for opinion classification in Arabic written tweets." In 2015 IEEE/ACS 12th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2015.7507153.
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Fadhel, Mazin Ali, and Yusra Faisal Mohammed. "Classification of Written and Spoken Arabic Letters based on Deep Learning." In 2022 8th International Conference on Contemporary Information Technology and Mathematics (ICCITM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitm56309.2022.10031939.
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Heck, Paul L. "TURKISH IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE QUR’AN: HIRA’." In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement. Leeds Metropolitan University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/yipe6734.
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When it comes to the Gülen movement, scholarly attention is often given to its attitudes towards non-Muslims, its willingness to operate within secular environments, and its rap- prochement with the material achievements of the West, as well as its own network of edu- cational institutions. As a result, less attention is given to its interest in connecting with the larger Muslim community beyond its own internal associations. The Gülen movement is, however, aware of the need to situate itself and publish its ideas within the wider ummah. Hira magazine, a relatively new venture of the Gülen movement (first issue Dec. 2005), is chiefly intra-Muslim in its aims and aspirations. The magazine is published in Arabic and features articles written by both Turkish and Arabic writers; a lead article by Fethullah Gülen opens and sets the tone of each issue. The magazine acts to bring the intellectual outlook of the Gülen movement to the Arab world, serving as a cultural bridge between Turks and Arabs, as a forum in which pressing issues in contemporary Islam can be aired and treated by leading Muslim thinkers, and as a tool for the global Muslim community to consolidate a renewed vision of its relation to the intellectual and socio-political realities of the modern world. This paper recounts the establishment and development of Hira magazine, focusing on the calibre of its themes and contributors, and also its reception in the Arab world as evidenced in local Arab media as well as by the comments of those in charge of the magazine. Finally, a critical assessment is offered of the overall vision of the magazine, its presentation style, material content, and religious perspective, as well as its potential to speak effectively to the global ummah as a leading voice for the future of Islam.
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Ouamour, Siham, and Halim Sayoud. "Authorship attribution of ancient texts written by ten Arabic travelers using character N-Grams." In 2013 International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cits.2013.6705713.
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Ouamour, Siham, and Halim Sayoud. "Authorship attribution of ancient texts written by ten arabic travelers using a SMO-SVM classifier." In 2012 International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechnol.2012.6285841.
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Eskander, Ramy, Mohamed Al-Badrashiny, Nizar Habash, and Owen Rambow. "Foreign Words and the Automatic Processing of Arabic Social Media Text Written in Roman Script." In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Computational Approaches to Code Switching. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-3901.
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Alkhattali, Mokhtar, and Mostafa Dow. "Improve Navigation of the Webmail Interface using Arabic Voice Commands for Elderly and Disabled Employees: A Computer Application." In 10th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Applications. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.131918.
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The development of humanitarian assistance applications has revolutionized business efficiency and daily convenience. Voice recognition technology (VRT), with its improved accuracy, has found extensive use in various fields, including assistance programs for individuals with disabilities or limited mobility in vehicles, homes, and websites. The authors have developed "Asis_Webmail," a computer application (PC-App) written in Python, to enhance the accessibility and usability of Webmail for Arabic-speaking seniors and physically disabled employees. The application allows users to navigate the webmail interface using Arabic Voice Commands (AVC), promoting independence and functionality in their daily lives. The effectiveness of "Asis_Webmail" was assessed through a survey of disabled employees, who reported finding the application useful and mentioning improved interaction with their email interface. Ultimately, this application aims to empower Arabic-speaking individuals, regardless of mobility disability levels, to independently use the Webmail interface using AVC, thereby promoting independence in both social and functional aspects of their lives.
Reports on the topic "Written Arabic"
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McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.
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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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Abdulrahim, Sawsan, Zeinab Cherri, May Adra, and Fahed Hassan. Beyond Kafala: Employer roles in growing vulnerabilities of women migrant domestic workers. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/ceb7.
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Women migrant domestic workers (WMDWs) constitute 7.7 percent of migrant workers worldwide, of whom more than a quarter live and work in the Arab region. In Lebanon, as in other Arab countries, WMDWs are recruited through the sponsorship system, Kafala. Under this system, a potential migrant worker can only obtain legal residency and a work permit in the country of destination if she is sponsored by a specific employer. Once in the destination country, the worker cannot transfer to a new employer unless granted permission by the original sponsor. The system heightens the social, economic, and legal vulnerability of WMDWs and has been described as unfree or bound labor and a system of racialized servitude. Yet, Kafala is not a written policy but rather a collection of administrative procedures, customary practices, and socially acceptable norms that are maintained by various players throughout the migration process. The question then arises as to whether advocacy efforts that focus on abolishing Kafala as a legal term would mitigate employers’ exploitative practices that violate the workers’ rights and freedoms, particularly in a country like Lebanon. This policy brief is based on a study carried out under the International Labour Organization’s (ILO) Work in Freedom project designed to mitigate the exploitation and forced labor of women migrating from South to West Asia to work in the domestic and garment sectors. This brief explores knowledge, awareness and attitudes to Kafala by employers in Lebanon.
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Orhan, Nilüfer, Burak Temiz, Hale Gamze Ağalar, and Gökalp İşcan. Boswellia serrata Oleogum Resins and Extracts Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/mqgn3574.
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Boswellia resins are described in numerous ancient texts and have been an important trade material for the civilizations located in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa since at least the third millennium BCE. Frankincense (olibanum) is an exudate that seeps from injured bark of Boswellia species (Burseraceae). The oleogum resin obtained from Boswellia serrata is called Indian frankincense and is used in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani systems of traditional medicine. Additionally, its extracts and essential oils are used in soaps, cosmetics, foods, beverages, and incense products. This Laboratory Guidance Document aims to review the analytical methods used to authenticate natural oleogum resin from B. serrata and differentiate it from other Boswellia species, as well as other potential adulterants. This document can be used in conjunction with the B. serrata Botanical Adulterants Prevention Bulletin published by the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program in 2018.1 From a historical perspective, a number of oleogum resins from Boswellia species have been used interchangeably for medicinal purposes around the world, and older “olibanum” pharmacopeial monographs consider more than one species as officially acceptable. Such interchangeable use is still observed today as several Boswellia species are offered as frankincense.2,3 However, Western botanical dietary supplements and the herbal medicine markets are dominated by products labeled to contain B. serrata, irrespective of whether a formal identification of the ingredient has been performed or not. Therefore, this laboratory guidance document has been written to help laboratory analysts to find appropriate analytical methods that allow the unambiguous identification of B. serrata oleogum resin and its extracts.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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Family, Gender, and Population Policy: Views from the Middle East [Arabic]. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1006.
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This paper explores the relevance of international debates to the realities of the Middle East, an important but understudied region that has often been subject to stereotyping. The region’s wealth of traditions and diverse contemporary experience offer insights to those who venture beyond the surface appearance. This paper provides a broad introduction to the connections between family, gender, and population policy in the Middle East. It is based on studies by a diverse group of Middle East scholars and the discussions they generated in Cairo at an international symposium sponsored by the Population Council in February 1994. The paper was written prior to the historic UN International Conference on Population and Development in Egypt, in the hope both of increasing understanding of an important region of the world and refining our grasp of international issues.