To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Written Arabic.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Written Arabic'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 28 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Written Arabic.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Al-Qahtani, Saad H. "Arabization in written discourse in Saudi Arabia." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177981.
Full textAbstract:
In this study I investigate Arabization as a quasi ideological-linguistic phenomenon in Saudi Arabia. First, the study examines decisions and policies employed in Arabization on the planning level. Second, it evaluates empirically the extent to which a set of Arabized words (288 words) is implemented in written discourse. The study addresses also the linguistic processes of coining Arabic derived words for the replacement of foreign terms.Employing a corpus-linguistic framework, a written corpus of 1,068,263 words was compiled from three Saudi newspapers-Al-Jazirah, Ar-Riyadh, and A1-Massaiah. Using a Microsoft-Access database developed for the purpose of the study, the corpus was searched for instances of 288 Arabized words. The results show that Arabized words occur with reasonable frequency in written discourse in Saudi Arabia.Two main variables were found to be significant in the frequency of Arabized words: context (i.e. topic), and method of coinage (the method by which a word was coined into Arabic). For example, Arabized words are more frequent in scientific discourse than in religious discourse, and words that are coined by morphological derivation are more frequent than those made by compounding. Original (English) forms of some Arabized words do occur (14.23%). On the planning level, the study provides a critical evaluation of Arabization in Saudi Arabia, and on the technical level, it provides statistically-supported indications of how such variables i.e. method of coinage and context affect the frequency of Arabized words in the actual language use.Department of English
2
Alsuhaibani, Sulaiman. "The verbal sentence in written Arabic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3727.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the Arabic verbal sentence structure and the main purpose is to examine the elements of this structure - both the verb and the agent - and their relationship, investigating the classical and modern grammarians' views. Therefore, this research is not based on any single aspect within this structure. The general trend of this research is from the general to the particular; hence a discussion on the parts of speech precedes an analysis of the verbal sentence structure since it is composed of these parts (noun and verb). This study concentrates on syntactic and semantic issues that relate to verbal forms and the agent. In addition, an attempt is made to compare the essential characterisers of Arabic verbal sentence with English sentence structure. This thesis consists of eleven chapters. Chapter One is an introduction. Chapter Two presents a brief account of the three Arabic grammar schools of thought and their methods. In Chapter Three I review the literature related to the verbal sentence. Chapter Four discusses the points of view of medieval and modern grammarians regarding parts of speech and the types of sentence. The fist element of the verbal sentence (the predicate) is examined in Chapters Five and Six; Chapter Five focusing on the transitive and intransitive verb while Chapter Six is in a passive voice. The second element of the verbal sentence (the subject) is examined in Chapters Seven and Eight; Chapter Seven showing the difference between agent and subject terminology and the rules related to them. Chapter Eight is on the deputy agent, examining the reasons for the omission of the agent, the types of deputy agent and the element which takes an agent's place. The basic word order of verbal sentence and the alternative word order forms are analysed in detail in Chapter Nine while Chapter Ten concentrates on the concept of the tense and aspect and the primary and secondary types of them. Chapter Eleven summarises the main findings of the study and makes recommendations for future research.
3
Alfraidi, Tareq Rubaye Khalaf. "Conditional sentences in modern written Arabic." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29279.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the semantic and the functional aspects of Arabic conditional sentences. The motivation behind the study is the existing gaps in previous studies. The framework applied in this study is influenced by some Western linguistic analyses which mainly targeted English conditionals. Additionally, based on the findings, some comparisons between Arabic and English are drawn in order to determine the similarities and the differences between the two languages. This study particularly adopts a certain number of parameters; namely: Modality meanings and their temporal interpretations, the relationship between the two clauses, discourse functional roles and the interaction between conditional particles and other conjunctions and particles. Methodologically, the data included in this study is drawn from a range of Modern Written Arabic sources; hence, the results are proved by empirical evidence based on real texts. This research conducts a qualitative and detailed investigation for the actual use of Modern Written Arabic conditionals with relation to the parameters adopted. As a result, a number of classifications have been identified. These are sometimes supplemented with statistical descriptions. Additionally, this study shows how conditional sentences semantically and functionally act in real Modern Written Arabic texts. i.e. how they denote a variety of meanings and perform functional and textual roles. Finally, the broader contribution of this study is that it provides new insights and a deeper understanding of Arabic conditionals.
4
Mehamsadji, M. "Cohesion and text development in written Arabic." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2200/.
Full textAbstract:
Many English teachers posed the problem that their Arab students were able to construct grammatically correct sentences, but were frequently unable to form them into paragraphs or cohesive texts. In my attest to investigate this problem, I started from the assumption that differing patterns of cohesion in English and Arabic probably account for many difficulties Arab students have in writing English. Sane attempts to look at this, based on a contrastive approach, have already been carried out. For my part, I felt the time had came to look at the systems of Arabic in their own terms, which has not yet been done. For this I followed two avenues of study: Functional Sentence Perspective as developed in the Prague School and Halliday and Hasan's work on textual cohesion. For my purpose I selected four lengthy Arabic texts belonging to different text-types which I first analysed from the Functional Sentence Perspective point of view. For this, I followed Dane's (1974) study of thematic progressions, in order to find out what theme-rheme patterns the different Arabic text-types use. In the next step, I investigated the cohesive ties used in written Arabic Halliday and Hasan's model of textual cohesion (1976). I also compared my texts in order to discover if there is a difference in textual cohesion between text-types in Arabic. My analysis of textual cohesion and text development suggests that: 1. Arabic descriptive texts tend to reiterate the same there in successive sentences. 2. Arabic instructive texts favour the use of the linear thematization of rhemes. 3. Arabic makes inter-clausal relationships explicit. 4. Repetition and parallelism are favoured cohesive devices in all text-types. The thesis consists of an introduction followed by a chapter reviewing various approaches to discourse analysis, a chapter on the text-typological approach which has governed my selection of texts; followed by an account of my methodological approach and my analysis.
5
Williams, Malcolm Paston. "A comparison of the textual structures of Arabic and English written texts a study in the comparative orality of Arabic /." Thesis, Online version, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.234815.
Full text
6
Saide, Abdurazag Ahmed Jr. "Arabizi - Help or Harm? An Analysis of the Impacts of Arabizi - Threat or Benefit to the Written Arabic Language?" University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1576162204542936.
Full text
7
Panović, Ivan. "Writing practices in contemporary Egypt : an ethnographic approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e293353f-46d6-42ae-8f1a-37514fe549d4.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an ethnographically grounded description and interpretation of a variety of writing practices observable in an Arabic speaking community, primarily on the Internet. Working with, or in reaction to, the concept of diglossia, of which Arabic sociolinguistic setting is often cited as a textbook example, the majority of scholars have focused their attention on speech as a major site of language variation and mixing. Writing has been largely neglected. This thesis is a contribution to what I hope will become a growing number of works aimed at filling that lacuna. I examine linguistic features of a number of, mostly non-literary, texts in contemporary Egypt where Modern Standard Arabic (Fuṣḥa) and Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ˤAmmiyya) constitute the theoretical poles of the diglossic continuum. The Egyptian sociolinguistic setting, however, is here understood as being defined and reconfigured by the increasing socio‑economic importance of yet another linguistic variety – English. The analysis of linguistic details is conducted with reference to a broader socio‑cultural context and local language ideologies surrounding the production and reception of a rapidly growing number of texts that employ a variety of features and draw on different linguistic resources, thus often defying, in the outcome, the hegemonic ideological projection that writing is the domain of Fuṣḥa. In order to offer an account of a dynamic, changing and diversified character of writing practices in present‑day Egypt, illustrative examples are drawn from a number of different texts and domains of writing, including Wikipedia Masry, Twitter, Facebook, advertisements, online campaigns for political and social causes, as well as books. The inventory of linguistic resources variously employed by various writers in various circumstances is identified to contain re-combinations across three linguistic varieties, Fuṣḥa, ˤAmmiyya and English, and two scripts, Arabic and Latin.
8
Conidi, Emanuela. "Arabic types in Europe and the Middle East, 1514-1924 : challenges in the adaptation of the Arabic script from written to printed form." Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80437/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the transition of the Arabic script from written to printed form and the influence that this process had on the evolution of Arabic typeforms. This study aims to acknowledge and interrogate the factors that influenced the typographic shaping of the script in response to typemaking and typesetting technology, and the cultural environment in which these developments took place. The historical scope of the research covers the pre-industrial production of Arabic founts, focusing on letterpress printing and types for hand composition, beginning with the first Arabic movable types in Italy in 1514. The thesis covers developments to 1924, when the Biilaq printing house in Cairo produced the first typographically composed Qur'an to be approved by a Muslim authority. The Biilaq edition marked what could be arguably considered the highpoint of composing Arabic with foundry type and its typeface supplied the model for the development a hot-metal fount, formally bridging hand-set and mechanical technologies for the typesetting of the Qur'an. The research investigates the relationship between the manuscript models and the typographic representation of the Arabic script; and outlines significant developments in Arabic typographic history with selected case studies, chosen to high¬light various aspects of the design and manufacturing processes, as well as discuss approaches of different type-makers and printers. This study draws on primary sources that have not been examined as a set before, employing a methodology of visual documentation that supports detailed comparative analysis. This approach enables a focus on the critical assessment and qualitative appraisal of the Arabic types according to specific parameters. The research aims to shed light on the reasons for the discontinuity between manuscript and print forms, and reveal relationships between the visual forms of letters and the skills, knowledge and resources available to the people involved in the type-making process. It also aims to trace the establishment of typographic conventions for the Arabic script that either originated or departed from manuscript practice. In conclusion, this research extends and deepens the historical narrative of Arabic type history, and provides a valuable source for scholars, students and practitioners in the field.
9
Tahhan, Loubna. "La rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite dans la littérature romanesque arabe contemporaine au Proche Orient : l'exemple de Halim Barakat." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030050.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse étudie d’un point de vue sociolinguistique la rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite, surtout à travers ce que nous avons appelé la classicisation, dans la production romanesque du syrien Ħalīm Barakāt, auteur sur lequel s’est fixé notre choix après de multiples lectures de romans proche-orientaux contemporains. Ħalīm Barakāt est l’auteur de 18 romans et d’une cinquantaine d’essais, en arabe et en anglais, sur la société et la culture. Nous avons choisi de comparer cette rencontre dans quatre de ses romans. Chaque roman est traité dans un chapitre. Dans les deux premiers chapitres sont étudiés les romans les plus récents : “Tā’er al- ħūm” un roman autobiographique écrit en 1987 et réédité en 2007 et “Ināna wan-nahr” une oeuvre mélangeant non seulement les langages et leurs registres mais aussi fantaisie entre mythes locaux et réalité. Puis sont étudiés dans les deux chapitres suivants les deux romans écrits dans les années soixante et soixante-dix : “Sittat Ayyām” qui raconte une histoire d’amour entre deux personnages de religions différentes pendant une guerre, et “Al-raħīl bayna Alsahm wal-watar”, un roman illustré par une vingtaine d’histoires et de contes choisis dans tout le monde arabe et racontés par des personnages représentant la jeunesse arabe dans les années soixante-dix. Dans l’introduction nous proposons un plan pour le travail, qui est fondé surtout sur la traduction en français de tous les extraits arabes choisis pour l’analyse sociolinguistique. Pour bien cerner la rencontre de la langue parlée et de la langue écrite nous avons décidé de relever tout ce qui est proverbe et figements lexicaux propres à une langue comme à l’autre et nous avons gardé des passages écrits entièrement en langue standard ou en langue dialectale pour montrer la différence entre ces textes et ceux qui sont hybrides. En ce qui concerne les passages écrits dans une langue hétérogène, nous proposons des termes linguistiques que nous définissons et auxquels nous avons recours tout au long des commentaires qui interviennent entre les tableaux où sont donnés les extraits choisis en regard de leur traduction. La conclusion reprend et synthétise les principaux résultats de la rechercheThis sociolinguistical study is about the encounter of spoken and written language, focusing on the unique phenomenon of the ‘classicisation’, a phenomenon which emerged in modern Arab literature by converting the spoken everyday language into a written form. After long readings into Arab Middle Eastern novelists we have chosen to take as example four novels of Syrian novelist Ħalīm Barakāt, who has authored over 18 books and some fifty essays in both Arabic and English on society and culture. We categorized our study into four chapters; we have chosen to begin with the two most recent ones then the chronologically older ones. The first chapter concentrates on the novel: “Tā’er al- ħūm” which describes the author’s journey alongside his wife to the American mountain side while he remembers his old days in his hometown Kafroun. The second chapter is all about “Ināna wan-nahr”, a love story loaded with mythological references and different religion-related social problems. The third chapter studies “Sittat Ayyām” a tale about an imaginary Arab Middle Eastern village throughout a devastating war. The fourth chapter takes as example some stories told by Arab youth from all over the Arabic world, in “Al-raħīl bayna Al-sahm wal-watar”. In the introduction we suggested some definitions then we relied upon them to integrate the analysis between the lines of the selected passages each time the language register changes. We presented the samples and the translation to French and we focused our analysis on examples that define the register change such as proverbs and expressions, dialectal and classic and common ones, and regional songs and sometimes purely classical-language written passages. In the conclusion we tried to summarize the main results of the research
10
Osman, Mirghani El-Sayed. "On the communicative role of word order in written modern standard Arabic : a contribution to functional linguistics." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2186/.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of the available studies which have been done on word order in Arabic are derived from improvised and restricted data taken from the classical variety of Arabic. ALL these studies are generatively-oriented, and consequently their main concern was to find out which word order is the basic one and which orders derive from it. In brief, all these studies are basically structural and have very little, if anything, to do with the situations in which the language was used or with the factors that motivated it's use. We think that such treatments are inadequate, because: (1) the modern standard variety has been totally neglected, and (2) the basic functions of Language as a tool of human communication is not accounted for by these studies. To make up for these inadequacies we are going to approach the issue of word order from a functional vantage point which seeks to relate the structure and it's function. Secondly, we will choose 'Modern Standard Arabic' to be our field of inquiry. Thirdly, all the examples which we are going to discuss will be taken from concrete linguistic situations. We intend to test the following hypotheses: 1. The traditional dichotomy of word order in marked/unmarked terms at the sentence level is unsatisfactory. 2. It is useful to differentiate between basicness and unmarkedness of word order. 3. The frequency with which each word order type occurs may depend on the type of text, and the attitude of the writer towards his/her addressees. 4. A switch from a certain word order-type to another within the same text can sometimes be determined by a shift in the text-typologicalfocus. 5. Permutations of sentence constituents in Arabic sometimes change the grammatical status of the constituents permuted and sometimes do not. 6. The Principle of Functional Sentence Perspective has great influence in Arabic Language, 7. Passivization as a syntactic device influences the order of words in Arabic. 8. Reasons for having different word orders in Arabic can be elucidated by appealing to other cornrnunicative considerations. 9. Different word orders in Arabic serve semantic, syntactic and pragmatic functions.
11
Cross, Carmen Sue. "A statistical study of the written errors committed by native English speakers learning Arabic as a foreign language." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1260203041.
Full text
12
Fattah, Ashraf. "A corpus-based study of conjunctive explicitation in Arabic translated and non-translated texts written by the same translators/authors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-corpusbased-study-of-conjunctive-explicitation-in-arabic-translated-and-nontranslated-texts-written-by-the-same-translatorsauthors(567f66d4-b0b1-488f-84b7-a95e3866c7c5).html.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates clause complexing and conjunctive explicitation in a speciallycompiled corpus consisting of two sets of Arabic translations and comparable non-translatedArabic texts both produced by the same translators/authors in the domainsof history and philosophy. Focusing on certain types of conjunctive markers, thisstudy seeks to find lexico-grammatical evidence of one of the translation-specificfeatures, i.e. features typical of translated language, in these selected target texts,using both parallel and comparable corpora.Adopting a Systemic Functional approach for analyzing logico-semantic relationsbetween clauses, clause complexes and sequences in Arabic, the study examinessome causal and concessive conjunctions and conjunctive Adjuncts in Arabictranslated and non-translated texts, and contrasts these with their English counterpartswith a view to identifying recurrent patterns or trends of 'explicitation', one of thefeatures that are arguably typical of translated texts.Baker (1996) suggests a number of translation-specific features, which manifestthemselves in translated texts on lexical and syntactic levels, and seem to be typicalof translated language in general. Evidence of one such posited feature, namelyexplicitation, is sought in the selected translators' handling of structural and textualconjunctive expressions in the English source texts. Thus, the primary aim of thepresent study is twofold: to examine from a systemic functional perspectivedifferences in the patterns of instantiation of clause complexing and conjunctiverelations in English source texts, their Arabic translations and Arabic non-translationsauthored by the same translators; and to investigate whether, and to what extent, thesedifferences are attributable to explicitation as a translation-specific feature.The originality of this study stems first from its focus on Arabic, thus addressing aconspicuous gap in corpus-based research on translation-specific features, which hasso far been largely confined to Indo-European languages. Secondly, being theorydriven,and specifically embedded in a systemic functional framework, the conceptionof explicitation adopted in this study constitutes a departure from the taxonomicapproach characteristic of a large body of literature on explicitation, which is neitherinformed nor motivated by a coherent theoretical framework, with the result that itoften engenders a flat model of description and classification, with vague overlappingcategories. Confirming the findings of earlier studies on explicitation, this study hasrevealed a tendency of explicitation features to cluster in various metafunctionalenvironments, with the overall effect of reducing vagueness or complexity, avoidingambiguity, and enhancing comprehensibility through enhanced conjunctivecohesiveness, reinforcement, expanded simplification or unpacking of complexconstructions.
13
Najjar, Alaa. "A Descriptive Case Study to Identify the Impactful Instructional Strategies that Support Arabic Students between Six to Twelve Year Olds in Becoming Proficient in the Development of Oral and Written Arabic Language." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/116.
Full textAbstract:
There are many Arab families who come every year to the United States either to study or to work. Most of these families have school-age children who were born in the United States or in their native countries. Accordingly, most of them have plans to go back to their countries, and a few are staying in the U.S. The absence of communicating in the Arabic language might cause a big problem to their children upon returning to their native country.
This mixed-methods study focused on the impactful instructional strategies that support Arabic students between six to twelve years old in becoming proficient in the development of oral and written Arabic language. The central research question was, what were the instructional strategies that helped Arabic students become proficient in the written and oral Arabic language when they have limited Arabic language skills? The research concluded that Arab children will not reach the Arabic proficiency without collaboration among teachers, administrators and the most important key element of parental engagement.
14
Nassif, Bassam Antoine. ""On the confirmation of the law of Moses, the gospel and Orthodoxy" a treatise written in Arabic by Theodore Abū Qurrah, Bishop of Harran (c.755-c.829) ; translation into English, with introduction and analysis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
15
Pryor, Sally, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and of Communication Design and Media School. "Extending integrationist theory through the creation and analysis of a multimedia work of art : postcard from Tunis." THESIS_CAESS_CDM_Pryor_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/746.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of the production of an inter-active computer-based artwork, an analysis of its research outcomes, and an exploration of the theoretical issues that influenced the artistic practice. The artwork, Postcard from Tunis, is an Integrationist exploration of writing and its transformation at the human-computer interface. It is set in a personal portrait of Tunis, a city with a rich history of writing. The thesis starts with the theory of writing. The conventional view of real writing as representation of speech is shown to have serious limitations.Postcard from Tunis offers users who are not Arabic-literate the perception that there are actually no fixed boundaries between writing and pictures, as both are based on spatial configurations. User interaction with Postcard from Tunis, particularly rollover activity, creates a variety of dynamic signs that cannot be theorised by a bipartate theory of signs and that transcend a distinction between the verbal and the non-verbal altogether. Postcard from Tunis both extends Integrationist theory into writing and human-computer interaction and also uniquely articulates this integration of activities in a way that is impossible with written words on paper. The research asserts the validity of the Integrationist theory of writing, language and human communication and of uncoupling these from spoken words. A framework is outlined for future Integrationist research into icons and human-computer interaction.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
16
Pryor, Sally. "Extending integrationist theory through the creation and analysis of a multimedia work of art : postcard from Tunis." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/746.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of the production of an inter-active computer-based artwork, an analysis of its research outcomes, and an exploration of the theoretical issues that influenced the artistic practice. The artwork, Postcard from Tunis, is an Integrationist exploration of writing and its transformation at the human-computer interface. It is set in a personal portrait of Tunis, a city with a rich history of writing. The thesis starts with the theory of writing. The conventional view of real writing as representation of speech is shown to have serious limitations.Postcard from Tunis offers users who are not Arabic-literate the perception that there are actually no fixed boundaries between writing and pictures, as both are based on spatial configurations. User interaction with Postcard from Tunis, particularly rollover activity, creates a variety of dynamic signs that cannot be theorised by a bipartate theory of signs and that transcend a distinction between the verbal and the non-verbal altogether. Postcard from Tunis both extends Integrationist theory into writing and human-computer interaction and also uniquely articulates this integration of activities in a way that is impossible with written words on paper. The research asserts the validity of the Integrationist theory of writing, language and human communication and of uncoupling these from spoken words. A framework is outlined for future Integrationist research into icons and human-computer interaction.
17
Merzougui, Djamel. "An enquiry into the sources of error in the written work of Algerian learners of English, with special reference to the relative influence of Arabic and French as sources of interference." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282729.
Full text
18
Pryor, Sally. "Extending integrationist theory through the creation and analysis of a multimedia work of art Postcard from Tunis /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040416.112222/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003."Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Communication, Design and Media, University of Western Sydney, 31 August 2003" Includes bibliography.
19
Naji, Tareq. "Enseignement / apprentissage des langues étrangères au Yémen. Etude des erreurs et difficultés en français rencontrées par des étudiants yéménites à partir de l’analyse des productions écrites." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030099.
Full textAbstract:
La présente étude consiste à étudier la compétence écrite chez les étudiants de français à l’université de Taëz, au Yémen, par le biais de l’analyse des erreurs dans les productions écrites recueillies dans le cadre d’un corpus spécial élaboré pour cet effet. Bien que le repérage des erreurs d’expression écrite puisse paraître une opération simple et systématique, l’appréhension des mécanismes de production de ces erreurs et l’analyse de leurs véritables raisons constituent la partie immergée de l’iceberg. Pour mener à bien cette investigation, il a fallu établir des catégories opérationnelles dans lesquelles pourront s’inscrire les erreurs significatives relevées, en vue d’une analyse plus étayée. Des concepts opératoires inspirés des travaux didactiques de plusieurs auteurs nous ont permis de mieux cerner les rouages du processus enseignement/apprentissage du français et d’élargir notre perspective de recherche des racines des erreurs tant dans les stratégies d’auto-apprentissage mises en oeuvre par les apprenants eux-mêmes, que dans les conditions du déroulement de l’enseignement dispensé au département de français. Des difficultés grammaticales, syntaxiques, lexicales inhérentes à la langue française du point de vue d’un apprenant yéménite, jusqu’aux problèmes d’inattention, de manque de motivation, de ressources documentaires ou d’exposition à la langue française, en passant par le mode de fonctionnement des cours et les modalités des contrôles, nous découvrons, durant toutes ces étapes de parcours, les différentes sources des difficultés constatées. Lesquelles permettent, d’une part, l’explication du phénomène des erreurs dans la situation particulière qui est celle des étudiants yéménites, et d’autre part, la conception de solutions adéquates susceptibles de remédier à ces erreurs de façon radicale et non seulement symptomatique. Aussi, espérons-nous attirer l’attention de tous les protagonistes impliqués dans le processus didactique, sur les problèmes réels auxquels se heurtent l’étudiant yéménite désireux d’apprendre cette langue ainsi que sur les meilleures approches possibles pour entreprendre les réformes et les traitements nécessairesLa présente étude consiste à étudier la compétence écrite chez les étudiants de français à l’université de Taëz, au Yémen, par le biais de l’analyse des erreurs dans les productions écrites recueillies dans le cadre d’un corpus spécial élaboré pour cet effet. Bien que le repérage des erreurs d’expression écrite puisse paraître une opération simple et systématique, l’appréhension des mécanismes de production de ces erreurs et l’analyse de leurs véritables raisons constituent la partie immergée de l’iceberg. Pour mener à bien cette investigation, il a fallu établir des catégories opérationnelles dans lesquelles pourront s’inscrire les erreurs significatives relevées, en vue d’une analyse plus étayée. Des concepts opératoires inspirés des travaux didactiques de plusieurs auteurs nous ont permis de mieux cerner les rouages du processus enseignement/apprentissage du français et d’élargir notre perspective de recherche des racines des erreurs tant dans les stratégies d’auto-apprentissage mises en œuvre par les apprenants eux-mêmes, que dans les conditions du déroulement de l’enseignement dispensé au département de français. Des difficultés grammaticales, syntaxiques, lexicales inhérentes à la langue française du point de vue d’un apprenant yéménite, jusqu’aux problèmes d’inattention, de manque de motivation, de ressources documentaires ou d’exposition à la langue française, en passant par le mode de fonctionnement des cours et les modalités des contrôles, nous découvrons, durant toutes ces étapes de parcours, les différentes sources des difficultés constatées. Lesquelles permettent, d’une part, l’explication du phénomène des erreurs dans la situation particulière qui est celle des étudiants yéménites, et d’autre part, la conception de solutions adéquates susceptibles de remédier à ces erreurs de façon radicale et non seulement symptomatique. Aussi, espérons-nous attirer l’attention de tous les protagonistes impliqués dans le processus didactique, sur les problèmes réels auxquels se heurtent l’étudiant yéménite désireux d’apprendre cette langue ainsi que sur les meilleures approches possibles pour entreprendre les réformes et les traitements nécessaires
20
Rajab, Hussam. "EFL teachers' and learners' perceptions, beliefs and practices on written corrective feedback in the Saudi Higher Education context." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33972.
Full textAbstract:
An area of research that has witnessed an enormous surge of research studies as well as extensive debates in the field of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), is the Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) concept and practices in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts. Over the past three decades, there has been a plethora of research studies on WCF, however, most studies had few limitations which necessitated a wider prospect into the various issues concerned with WCF. This research study, following an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, which was conducted in the Saudi context, brought a new angle into this heavily debatable area of research where a link was sought to bridge the gap between the teachers and students’ perceptions of WCF and their preferred WCF type in an EFL context taking advantage of a large number of participants to take part in a single study on WCF. Online teacher and learner questionnaires were utilised with the participation of 320, both male and female, EFL teachers, and 840 EFL male and female learners from Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at six government universities in Saudi Arabia. Then, semi-structured interviews with 10 EFL, male and female teachers and 10, male and female learners were conducted to explore their perceptions, attitudes and practices (in the case of the EFL teachers) towards this important issue in TESOL and where differences as well as agreements among the teachers and learners exist, so as to attempt to enlighten EFL/ESL professionals on various aspect of WCF as seen by both teachers and learners. Data analysis included quantitative analysis of the teacher and learner questionnaires as well as qualitative and thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews. The teachers, as well as the learners expressed high level of interest towards WCF. Similarly, the learners also believed that their overall language learning can be elevated by having a well-structured WCF which they need to be familiar with. Results of the data analysis also indicated that there are still some differences in the way teachers and learners perceive the WCF in general where teachers prefer coded WCF, whereas, learners prefer unfocussed WCF. There were positive unified agreements, however, between the EFL teachers and learners which gave the indication that there should be more discussions and research studies in order to reach a mutual understanding and a beneficial solution that aims to elevate the scope of TESOL teaching and learning. Furthermore, establishing writing centres at universities in Saudi Arabia where WCF is fully detailed for learners, may also represent an area for continued focus. Recommendations and suggestions for future research include conducting a similar research study in a different EFL context and compare the results to the outcome in this study.
21
Maliki, Makki Jasim Radhi. "Biometrics writer recognition for Arabic language : analysis and classification techniques using subwords features." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2015. http://bear.buckingham.ac.uk/102/.
Full textAbstract:
Handwritten text in any language is believed to convey a great deal of information about writers’ personality and identity. Indeed, handwritten signature has long been accepted as an authentication of the writer’s physical stamp on financial and legal deals as well official/personal documents and works of art. Handwritten documents are frequently used as evidences in forensic tasks. Handwriting skills is learnt and developed from the early schooling stages. Research interest in behavioral biometrics was the main driving force behind the growth in research into Writer Identification (WI) from handwritten text, but recent rise in terrorism associated with extreme religious ideologies spreading primarily, but not exclusively, from the middle-east has led to a surge of interest in WI from handwritten text in Arabic and similar languages. This thesis is the main outcome of extensive research investigations conducted with the aim of developing an automatic identification of a person from handwritten Arabic text samples. My motivations and interests, as an Iraqi researcher, emanate from my multi-faceted desires to provide scientific support for my people in their fight against terrorism by providing forensic evidences, and as contribute to the ongoing digitization of the Iraqi National archive as well as the wealth of religious and historical archives in Iraq and the middle-east. Good knowledge of the underlying language is invaluable in this project. Despite the rising interest in this recognition modality worldwide, Arabic writer identification has not been addressed as extensively as Latin writer identification. However, in recent years some new Arabic writer identification approaches have been proposed some of which are reviewed in this thesis. Arabic is a cursive language when handwritten. This means that each and every writer in this language develops some unique features that could demonstrate writer’s habits and style. These habits and styles are considered as unique WI features and determining factors. Existing dominating approaches to WI are based on recognizing handwriting habits/styles are embedded in certain parts/components of the written texts. Although the appearance of these components within long text contain rich information and clues to writer identity, the most common approaches to WI in Arabic in the literature are based on features extracted from paragraph(s), line(s), word(s), character(s), and/or a part of a character. Generally, Arabic words are made up of one or more subwords at the end of each; there is a connected stroke with a certain style of which seem to be most representative of writers habits. Another feature of Arabic writing is to do with diacritics that are added to written words/subwords, to add meaning and pronunciation. Subwords are more frequent in written Arabic text and appear as part of several different words or as full individual words. Thus, we propose a new innovative approach based on a seemingly plausible hypothesis that subwords based WI yields significant increase in accuracy over existing approaches. The thesis most significant contributions can be summarized as follows: - Developed a high performing segmentation of scanned text images, that combines threshold based binarisation, morphological operation and active shape model. - Defined digital measures and formed a 15-dimensional feature vectors representations of subwords that implicitly cover its diacritics and strokes. A pilot study that incrementally added features according to writer discriminating power. This reduced subwords feature vector dimension to 8, two of which were modelled as time series. - For the dependent 8-dimensional WI scheme, we identify the best performing set of subwords (best 22 subwords out of 49 then followed by best 11 out of these 22 subwords). - We established the validity of our hypothesis for different versions of subwords based WI schemes by providing empirical evidence when testing on a number of existing text dependent and in text-dependent databases plus a simulated text-in text-dependent DB. The text-dependent scenario results exhibited possible present of the Doddington Zoo phenomena. - The final optimal subword based WI scheme, not only removes the need to include diacritics as part of the subword but also demonstrating that including diacritics within subwords impairs the WI discriminating power of subwords. This should not be taken to discredit research that are based on diacritics based WI. Also in this subword body (without diacritics) base WI scheme, resulted in eliminating the presence of Doddington Zoo effect. - Finally, a significant but un-intended consequence of using subwords for WI is that there is no difference between a text-independent scenario and text-dependent one. In fact, we shall demonstrate that the text-dependent database of the 27-words can be used to simulate the testing of the scheme for an in text-dependent database without the need to record such a DB. Finally, we discussed ways of optimising the performance of our last scheme by considering possible ways of complementing our scheme using the addition of various image texture analysis features to be extracted from subwords, lines, paragraphs or entire file of the scabbed image. These included LBP and Gabor Filter. We also suggested the possible addition of few more features.
22
Hassan, Iyas. "Le récit coranique et sa réécriture au IIe/VIIIe siècle. Éléments d'une mutation esthétique et culturelle autour de la formation des genres narratifs arabes." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030106.
Full textAbstract:
Notre recherche interroge la genèse du récit dans la littérature arabe de deux points de vue : le rôle joué par la littérature religieuse dans cette genèse et le développement progressif de la culture de l’écrit durant les deux premiers siècles de l’Islam. Au contraire des thèses qui considèrent le récit comme un genre étranger à la littérature arabe classique, notre corpus, construit sur des textes narratifs bien connus des islamologues mais souvent négligés par les chercheurs littéraires, nous a conduit à affirmer qu’une narrativité arabe naquit dans une tradition orale archaïque et que les textes à caractère religieux des premiers siècles de l’Islam constituent un maillon essentiel dans la formation de la tradition narrative arabe.L’analyse est fondé sur l'étude comparative de deux versions d’un même récit religieux, l’une tirée du Coran(Mūsā avec le Serviteur de Dieu, XVIII : 60-82), datant du premier quart du VIIe siècle, l’autre du commentaire de Muqātil b. Sulaymān, au milieu VIIIe siècle. Il est en effet possible de définir une narrativité archaïque arabe ancrée dans l’oralité telle qu'illustrée dans la première version du récit, alors que la seconde version, de par son appartenance à un genre écrit, le commentaire, met en évidence un certain détachement par rapport aux structures de la communication orale. Dès lors, la période séparant ces deux repères chronologiques peut être envisagée comme une phase de mutation, culturelle et esthétique, laquelle ouvre à une étude du développement de l’usage de l’écriture dans un contexte oral ainsi que de l’impact de cette évolution culturelle sur la manière de concevoir le récitOur research examines story’s genesis in the Arabic literature from two points of view: the role played by religious literature in this genesis and the progressive development of the written culture during the first two centuries of Islam. Unlike thesis which consider narrative as an extraneous genre to Arabic literature, our corpus, based on narrative texts well known by Islamic studies yet often neglected by literature’s researchers, led us to affirm that an Arabic narrativity was born in an archaic oral tradition and that earliest centuries’ texts with religious character represent an essential link in the configuration of the Arabic narrative tradition.The analysis is founded on a comparative study of two versions of the same religious text, one from The Qur’an (Mūsā and the Servant of God, XVIII : 60-82), dating back to the first quarter of the 7th century, and the other from the commentary of Muqātil b. Sulaymān in the middle of the 8th century. It is indeed possible to define an Arabic archaic narrativity rooted in the orality that we can in the first version of the story. Meanwhile the second version, giving the fact that it belongs to a written genre, the commentary, highlights a certain detachment from the oral communication’s structures. Therefore, the period between these two chronological references could be seen as a shifting stage, both cultural and aesthetic. This shifting stage opens the way for a study concerning the development of the writing’s practice in an oral context and as well the impact of this cultural evolution on the conception of story
23
Abd, Elchafi Ahmed Mohamed Ali Mohamed. "Deux moments discursifs du « printemps arabe » en Egypte dans la presse quotidienne française et égyptienne (2011 et 2013) : essai d’analyse sémio-linguistique et socio-discursive." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC023.
Full textAbstract:
Éclairer la variabilité du traitement médiatique des événements politiques survenus en Égypte en 2011 et 2013 constitue notre objectif de recherche. À cette fin, nous étudions deux moments discursifs déterminés dans cinq quotidiens nationaux de la presse française (Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, La Croix, L’Humanité) et un échantillon de la presse égyptienne arabophone (Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm) et francophone (Al-Ahram Hebdo). Notre thèse s’attache à la construction du sens social des événements par les discours journalistiques, en tenant compte des territoires de diffusion et des représentations en vigueur dans les deux sociétés. Nous visons à dégager des stratégies discursives à partir d’une analyse sémiolinguistique du discours faisant toute sa place à l’énonciation scripto-visuelle de la presse.Considérant que les Unes, les titres ainsi que les éditoriaux sont trois « zones » textuelles privilégiées pour observer ces stratégies et l’orientation idéologique et politique propre à chaque organe de presse, nous cherchons à montrer que le récit médiatique et la désignation des acteurs et des événements politiques se nourrissent de l’influence des contextes socio-politique et illustrent les prises de position des journaux. Nous constatons un traitement différencié des deux moments discursifs (déséquilibre quantitatif entre 2011 et 2013, approbation du soulèvement populaire de 2011 qui se trouve mythifié tandis qu’en 2013 se manifestent perplexité et ambiguïté), ainsi que des contrastes très marqués des acteurs mis en avant aussi bien que de leurs désignants selon les journauxOur research objective is to shed light on the variability of the media coverage of political events in Egypt in 2011 and 2013. To this end, we study two discursive moments identified in five national dailies of the French press (Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, La Croix, L'Humanité) and a sample of the Arabic-speaking (Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm) and French-speaking (Al-Ahram Hebdo) Egyptian press. Our thesis focuses on the construction of the social meaning of events through journalistic discourse, taking into account the territories of diffusion and representations of force in both societies. We aim to identify discursive strategies based on a semiolinguistic analysis of the discourse, giving full importance to the scripto-visual enunciation of the press. Considering that the headlines, titles and editorials are three privileged textual "zones" to observe these strategies and the ideological and political orientation specific to each media organization, we seek to show that the media narrative and the designation of political actors and events are informed by the influence of socio-political contexts and illustrate the positions taken by the newspapers. We note a differentiated treatment of the two discursive moments (quantitative imbalance between 2011 and 2013, approval of the 2011 popular uprising, which is mythified, but perplexity in 2013), and also very marked contrasts between the actors put forward as well as their representatives according to the newspapers
24
Tlili, Ameni. "Anomie et culture écrite. Enquête d'ethnographie linguistique sur le rapport entre la Révolution de 2011 en Tunisie et le dire-écrire des jeunes Tunisiens sur Facebook." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMR004.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail d’investigation est une enquête d’ethnographie linguistique pour penser et concevoir la relation entre deux notions : celle de la Révolution, cette mutation politique qui a eu lieu en Tunisie en 2011 (nous sommes là en face d’un problème extralinguistique) et celle de la culture écrite ou du parler-écrire des jeunes Tunisiens sur Facebook qui est un phénomène purement linguistique. Tout notre travail consiste à étudier les transformations et les métamorphoses mais aussi le maintien et la conservation de tel ou tel aspect de ce dire-écrire des jeunes dans une situation exceptionnelle, une situation d’anomie, de subversion et d’hérésie. Autrement dit, il s'agit d'étudier les inventions mais aussi les ritualisations et les mises en scènes ainsi que les différences et les inégalités entre les jeunes face à la culture écriteThis work is a linguistic ethnography survey to think and conceive the relation between two notions : the Revolution in Tunisia, this political mutation which took place in 2011 (this is an extra-linguistic problem) and the written culture of young Tunisians on Facebook which is a purely linguistic phenomenon. All our work consists of studying the transformations and metamorphoses but also the maintenance and conservation of the different aspects of this speaking / writing of young people in such an exceptional situation combining anomie, subversion and heresy. In other words, it is necessary to examine the inventions but also the ritualizations and the presentation of self in everyday life as well as the differences and the inequalities between the young people facing the written culture
25
Kauffman, Alan Ray. "Grammar sequencing in the communicative Arabic classroom : students’ written production." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21188.
Full textAbstract:
Over the course of the past 20 years, the rise in popularity of communicative language teaching as an alternative to traditional methodologies in Arabic-language pedagogy has led many within the field to re-examine their instructional priorities and methodological tenets. In general, traditional pedagogical approaches in the field of Arabic-language instruction dictate front-loaded presentation of grammatical concepts. The premise of communicative language teaching, on the other hand, is based on the primacy of successful foreign language interactions, where students are sequentially provided the grammatical concepts that are required to accomplish specific and targeted communicative functions and tasks. Concordantly, the instruction of grammar concepts that are deemed surplus to the requirements of level-appropriate interactions is deferred until the student has become linguistically prepared to incorporate and effectively utilize more
complex grammatical structures. This thesis presents the results of a study of students’ spontaneous and planned written production in Arabic focusing on the production of dual and feminine plural forms, which have been strategically delayed in the sequence of grammar presentation. Additionally, individual interviews with both students and instructors were conducted to gather their impressions of, and strategies for, dealing with the sequence of grammar presentation in which these concepts are delayed. Results indicate that students who were not presented detailed instruction regarding the dual and feminine plural constructs early in their pedagogical sequence displayed level-appropriate patterns of avoidance and generalization in their early language production. As students progressed through the third-year courses and into post third-year courses, they displayed high levels of successful incorporation of the Modern Standard Arabic dual and feminine plural forms in their written production. With their successful conceptual uptake, the learners demonstrate their ability to acquire grammatical concepts despite the sequential delay in presentation thereof. Interview results show students’ and instructors’ awareness of the intent and focus of the pedagogical sequence. Based on their personal experience in studying and/or teaching Arabic, and despite instances of frustrations or challenges arising from the delay in grammar sequence, all interviewees expressed their support and endorsement of the methodology.text
26
Melhi, M., Stanley S. Ipson, and W. Booth. "A novel triangulation procedure for thinning hand-written text." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3827.
Full textAbstract:
NoThis paper describes a novel procedure for thinning binary text images by generating graphical representations of words within the image. A smoothed polygonal approximation of the boundaries of each word is first decomposed into a set of contiguous triangles. Each triangle is then classified into one of only three possible types from which a graph is generated that represents the topological features of the object. Joining graph points with straight lines generates a final polygon skeleton that, by construction, is one pixel wide and fully connected. Results of applying the procedure to thinning Arabic and English handwriting are presented. Comparisons of skeleton structure and execution time with results from alternative techniques are also presented. The procedure is considerably faster than the alternatives tested when the image resolution is greater than 600 dpi and the graphical representation often needed in subsequent recognition steps is available without further processing.
27
McLaren, Andrew G. "Ibn A‘tham's History: Transmission and Translation in Islamicate Written Culture, 290-873/902-1468." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-j0mq-f097.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a study of the composition and reception of two chronicles written in Arabic in the first decades of the fourth century of the Islamic hijrī era (the tenth century of the current era). They were written by a little-known scholar usually called Abū Muḥammad Aḥmad ibn A‘tham al-Kūfī. Although no complete copy of the Arabic histories survives, the history was widely circulated in Persian. In other words, unlike most authors, Ibn A‘tham became somewhat more famous as his text circulated further. This work sets out to explain how this came to happen in two parts.
The first part examines the composition of Ibn A‘tham’s history, arguing on biobibliographical, paleographical, and textual evidence that Ibn A‘tham must have belonged to the first decades of the fourth/tenth century. This argument serves as prelude to the second part, in which I show how Ibn A‘tham’s history developed over time, watching as selective readings and manuscript damage led to reduced engagements with Ibn A‘tham. Here, by examining how other historians quoted Ibn A‘tham, I track the logics of writing and reading that guided their encounters. The dissertation culminates in the sixth chapter, in which I provide a conceptual history for the Persian translation, showing how Ibn A‘tham’s history was re-imagined and prepared for its yet-bright future as a work of Persian historiography. Ultimately, I try to show the critical place filled by the culture of writing shared between Arabic and Persian: Rather than a firm boundary between two distinct languages, in the lens of Ibn A‘tham’s history, we observe a zone of interaction and innovation.
28
Nijim, Ashraf. "SmartDust : distributed behavior-based mobile agents for thinning segmentation and feature extraction of hand-written Arabic and Chinese words." Thesis, 2004. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/7964/1/MQ90981.PDF.
Full textAbstract:
Image processing is generally acknowledged as a computationally demanding task. Distributed mobile agents is a form of parallel processing that is gaining attention as a means of increasing the efficiency of many image processing tasks. In addition, a swarm of highly autonomous agents is more reliable in satisfying a task than one sequential process; the failure of a couple of agents is unlikely to stop the rest of the swarm from achieving the overall task. This report discusses a specific application of autonomous agents to the problem of pattern pre-processing. Specifically, we design and build a system that uses a number of behaviour-based agents to detect, segment and thin, as well as describe a hand-written patter (character or word). Each agent has a subsumption type architecture that employs a number of behaviors. These behaviors are activated when certain conditions are satisfied. Every agent has a local coordination unit that arbitrates between the various behaviors to decide which one of the behaviors is active at any one time. The system has a whole a global coordination unit that creates and spreads the various agents over the image, then acts as a conduit of (light) communication between the agents, until the overall task is done, and all last agent dies. In this work we have introduced a number of innovations including a new method of simultaneous thinning and segmentation and a simple but effective development of the classical Fourier descriptor method that works better for open curves. We have tested our system on Arabic characters and Chinese glyphs. The agents were able to find patterns and then work on parallel to extract and segment the centerline in a few seconds. A fixed feature vector of ten descriptors is computed for each segment. The reconstruction process showed that this vector is capable of retrieving the whole shape of the signature.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation)